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Shim J, Kim C, Lee M, An S, Jhe W. Multiscale rheology from bulk to nano using a quartz tuning fork-atomic force microscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:105104. [PMID: 39365114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0225852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Rheological characteristics exhibit significant variations at nanoscale confinement or near interfaces, compared to bulk rheological properties. To bridge the gap between nano- and bulk-scale rheology, allowing for a better and holistic understanding of rheology, developing a single experimental platform that provides rheological measurements across different scales, from nano to bulk, is desirable. Here, we present the novel methodology for multiscale rheology using a highly sensitive atomic force microscope based on a quartz tuning fork (QTF) force sensor. We employ microscale and nanoscale shear probes attached to the QTF, oscillating parallel to a substrate surface for rheological measurements as a function of the tip-substrate distance with sub-nanometer resolution. Silicone oils with viscosities ranging from 5 cSt to 10 000 cSt are used as calibration samples, and we have successfully derived the bulk rheological moduli. Furthermore, an increase in modulus is observed within the regime of tribo-nanorheology at distances less than 50 nm from the surface. Through such multiscale measurements, it is confirmed that this increase is due to the formation of a layered structure of silicone oil polymers on the solid surface. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the tribo-rheological properties of complex fluids across different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Shim
- Center for 0D Nanofluidics, Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chungman Kim
- Center for 0D Nanofluidics, Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Manhee Lee
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Sangmin An
- Department of Physics, Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Wonho Jhe
- Center for 0D Nanofluidics, Institute of Applied Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Byeun DG, Kim D, Park JH, Lee M, Choi JK. Embryonic development through in vitro fertilization using high-quality bovine sperm separated in a biomimetic cervix environment. Analyst 2024; 149:3078-3084. [PMID: 38717228 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study is the first to identify bovine blastocysts through in vitro fertilization (IVF) of matured oocytes with a large quantity of high-quality sperm separated from a biomimetic cervix environment. We obtained high-quality sperm in large quantities using an IVF sperm sorting chip (SSC), which could mimic the viscous environment of the bovine cervix during ovulation and facilitates isolation of progressively motile sperm from semen. The viscous environment-on-a-chip was realized by formulating and implementing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based solutions for the SSC medium. Sperm separated from the IVF-SSC containing PVP 1.5% showed high motility, normal morphology and high DNA integrity. As a result of IVF, a higher rate of hatching blastocysts, which is the pre-implantation stage, were observed, compared to the conventional swim-up method. Our results may significantly contribute to improving livestock with superior male and female genetic traits, thus overcoming the limitation of artificial insemination based on the superior genetic traits of existing males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Gyeung Byeun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Manhee Lee
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Jung Kyu Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Kim C, Hong S, Shin D, An S, Zhang X, Jhe W. Sorting Gold and Sand (Silica) Using Atomic Force Microscope-Based Dielectrophoresis. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:13. [PMID: 34862935 PMCID: PMC8643387 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing-also known as 3D printing-has attracted much attention in recent years as a powerful method for the simple and versatile fabrication of complicated three-dimensional structures. However, the current technology still exhibits a limitation in realizing the selective deposition and sorting of various materials contained in the same reservoir, which can contribute significantly to additive printing or manufacturing by enabling simultaneous sorting and deposition of different substances through a single nozzle. Here, we propose a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based material-selective deposition and sorting technique using a pipette-based quartz tuning fork (QTF)-atomic force microscope (AFM) platform DEPQA and demonstrate multi-material sorting through a single nozzle in ambient conditions. We used Au and silica nanoparticles for sorting and obtained 95% accuracy for spatial separation, which confirmed the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). To validate the scheme, we also performed a simulation for the system and found qualitative agreement with the experimental results. The method that combines DEP, pipette-based AFM, and SERS may widely expand the unique capabilities of 3D printing and nano-micro patterning for multi-material patterning, materials sorting, and diverse advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungman Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States
| | - Sunghoon Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongha Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Institute of Photonics and Information Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States.
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
| | - Wonho Jhe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States.
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Viscous Cervical Environment-on-a-Chip for Selecting High-Quality Sperm from Human Semen. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101439. [PMID: 34680555 PMCID: PMC8533482 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When ejaculated sperm travels through the vagina to the uterus, mucus secreted by the cervical canal generally filters out sperm having low motility and poor morphology. To investigate this selection principle in vivo, we developed a microfluidic sperm-sorting chip with a viscous medium (polyvinylpyrrolidone: PVP) to imitate the biophysical environment mimic system of the human cervical canal. The material property of the PVP solution was tuned to the range of viscosities of cervical mucus using micro-viscometry. The selection of high-quality human sperm was experimentally evaluated in vitro and theoretically analyzed by the convection-diffusion mechanism. The convection flow is shown to be dominant at low viscosity of the medium used in the sperm-sorting chip when seeded with raw semen; hence, the raw semen containing sperm and debris convectively flow together with suppressed relative dispersions. Also, it was observed that the sperm selected via the chip not only had high motilities but also normal morphologies and high DNA integrity. Therefore, the biomimetic sperm-sorting chip with PVP medium is expected to improve male fertility by enabling the selection of high-quality sperm as well as uncovering pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in sperm transport through the female reproductive tract for egg fertilization.
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Obeid S, Guyomarc'h F. Atomic force microscopy of food assembly: Structural and mechanical insights at the nanoscale and potential opportunities from other fields. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Khalid M, Ray A, Cohen S, Tassieri M, Demčenko A, Tseng D, Reboud J, Ozcan A, Cooper JM. Computational Image Analysis of Guided Acoustic Waves Enables Rheological Assessment of Sub-nanoliter Volumes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11062-11069. [PMID: 31490647 PMCID: PMC6812326 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for the computational image analysis of high frequency guided sound waves based upon the measurement of optical interference fringes, produced at the air interface of a thin film of liquid. These acoustic actuations induce an affine deformation of the liquid, creating a lensing effect that can be readily observed using a simple imaging system. We exploit this effect to measure and analyze the spatiotemporal behavior of the thin liquid film as the acoustic wave interacts with it. We also show that, by investigating the dynamics of the relaxation processes of these deformations when actuation ceases, we are able to determine the liquid's viscosity using just a lens-free imaging system and a simple disposable biochip. Contrary to all other acoustic-based techniques in rheology, our measurements do not require monitoring of the wave parameters to obtain quantitative values for fluid viscosities, for sample volumes as low as 200 pL. We envisage that the proposed methods could enable high throughput, chip-based, reagent-free rheological studies within very small samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Arslan Khalid
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, Bioengineering Department, California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), Neuroscience, and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School
of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California, United States
| | - Steve Cohen
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, Bioengineering Department, California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), Neuroscience, and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School
of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California, United States
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Andriejus Demčenko
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, Bioengineering Department, California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), Neuroscience, and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School
of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California, United States
| | - Julien Reboud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering Department, Bioengineering Department, California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), Neuroscience, and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School
of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Cooper
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
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Kamihoriuchi B, Otsuka Y, Takeuchi A, Iwata F, Matsumoto T. Visualization of Sampling and Ionization Processes in Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:S0078. [PMID: 31840014 PMCID: PMC6863452 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient sampling and ionization techniques based on direct liquid extraction and electrospray ionization are of great value for rapid analysis and mass spectrometry imaging. Scanning probe electrospray ionization (SPESI) enables the sampling and ionization of analyte molecules in a solid material using a liquid bridge and electrospray, respectively, from a single capillary probe. To further improve SPESI, it is essential to understand the dynamic behavior of nanoliter volumes of liquids during sampling and ionization. In this study, the dynamic formation and breakage of the liquid bridge and the subsequent electrospray ionization were investigated by measuring the displacement of the capillary probe using a new optical technique. Measurements revealed that both the time from the formation of the liquid bridge to its breakage and the time from the breakage of the liquid bridge to the detection of analyte ions were correlated with the physical properties of the solvent. It was also found that both of these times were positively correlated with the flow rate. These results will not only lead to the improvement of sampling and ionization efficiencies but also afford a greater understanding of the physicochemical properties of charged nanoliter volumes of liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Kamihoriuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoichi Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Aya Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Payam AF, Trewby W, Voïtchovsky K. Simultaneous viscosity and density measurement of small volumes of liquids using a vibrating microcantilever. Analyst 2017; 142:1492-1498. [PMID: 28352874 PMCID: PMC5450008 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many industrial and technological applications require precise determination of the viscosity and density of liquids. Such measurements can be time consuming and often require sampling substantial amounts of the liquid. These problems can partly be overcome with the use of microcantilevers but most existing methods depend on the specific geometry and properties of the cantilever, which renders simple, accurate measurement difficult. Here we present a new approach able to simultaneously quantify both the density and the viscosity of microliters of liquids. The method, based solely on the measurement of two characteristic frequencies of an immersed microcantilever, is completely independent of the choice of a cantilever. We derive analytical expressions for the liquid's density and viscosity and validate our approach with several simple liquids and different cantilevers. Application of our model to non-Newtonian fluids shows that the calculated viscosities are remarkably robust when compared to measurements obtained from a standard rheometer. However, the results become increasingly dependent on the cantilever geometry as the frequency-dependent nature of the liquid's viscosity becomes more significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Payam
- Department of Physics , Durham University , Durham , UK .
| | - W. Trewby
- Department of Physics , Durham University , Durham , UK .
| | - K. Voïtchovsky
- Department of Physics , Durham University , Durham , UK .
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