1
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Liu H, Shimizu KD. Contributions of London Dispersion Forces to Solution-Phase Association Processes. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3572-3580. [PMID: 38009964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusDespite their ubiquity and early discovery, London dispersion forces are often overlooked. This is due, in part, to the difficulty in assessing their contributions to molecular and polymeric structure, stability, properties, and reactivities. However, recent advances in modeling have revealed that dispersion interactions play an important role in many important chemical and biological processes. Experimental confirmation of their impact in solution has been challenging, leading to controversies about their relative importance.In the course of studying noncovalent interactions using molecular devices, our understanding and appreciation for the importance of dispersion interactions have evolved. This Account follows this intellectual journey by using examples from the literature. The goals are twofold: to describe recent advances in understanding the interaction and to provide guidance to researchers studying weak noncovalent interactions. However, first, the experimental methods for measuring the effects of dispersion interactions and the strategies for isolating their influence are described. These include the design of molecular devices to measure these weak noncovalent interactions and the strategies to disentangle the solvation, solvophobic, and dispersion components of the resulting equilibria.The literature examples are organized around five fundamental questions. (1) Do dispersion interactions have a measurable effect on solution equilibria? (2) To what extent do solvents attenuate or compensate for dispersion interactions? (3) To what extent do the solvation and solvophobic terms influence the dispersion equilibria? (4) Can we predict whether a system will form attractive dispersion or repulsive steric interactions? (5) Can the dispersion term be isolated and interrogated? We were often surprised by the answers to these questions. In each case, we describe how the systems were designed to address these questions and discuss possible interpretations of the results.While dispersion interactions in solution were weak (usually <1 kcal/mol), their influence on complexation and conformational equilibria can be observed and measured. This underscores the significance of these interactions in molecular recognition, coordination chemistry, reaction design, and catalysis. The solvent components of the dispersion equilibria can also be significant. Therefore, the isolation of the dispersion contributions from the solvation and solvophobic effects represents an ongoing challenge. The experimental studies also provide important benchmarks and offer valuable insights to help refine the next generation of computational solvent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ken D Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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2
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Emenike BU, Farshadmand A, Zeller M, Roman AJ, Sevimler A, Shinn DW. Electrostatic CH-π Interactions Can Override Fluorine Gauche Effects To Exert Conformational Control. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203139. [PMID: 36286329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine gauche effects are conformational properties of 2-fluoroethanes often applied in modern molecular designs. However, the physical origins of fluorine gauche effects are not well understood, with the consensus favoring the established hyperconjugation theory over an emerging electrostatic model. Using a series of model systems, we show that a shift to fluorine gauche effects can be influenced by intramolecular CH⋅⋅⋅π aromatic interactions, a through-space event. Modulating the π-ring (forming the aromatic interaction) with substituent groups resulted in a linear Hammett relationship, thus indicating that the CH⋅⋅⋅π interaction has electrostatic features. For instance, attaching a nitro group (an electron-withdrawing substituent) to the π-ring weakened the CH⋅⋅⋅π interaction and led to a gauche preference, whereas an anti conformer is preferred with amine as substituent. The experimental results performed by using proton NMR spectroscopy are corroborated by gas-phase DFT calculations and solid-state X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright U Emenike
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Amiel Farshadmand
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Armando J Roman
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Arzu Sevimler
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - David W Shinn
- Department of Mathematics and Science, United States Merchant Marine Academy, 300 Steamboat Road, Kings Point, NY 11024, USA
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3
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Zhu Y, Tang M, Zhang H, Rahman FU, Ballester P, Rebek J, Hunter CA, Yu Y. Water and the Cation-π Interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12397-12403. [PMID: 34328320 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cation-π interaction and the hydrophobic effect are important intermolecular forces in chemistry and play major roles in controlling recognition in biological systems. We compared their relative contributions to the binding of molecular "dumbbell" guests in synthetic container hosts in water. The guests offered direct, intramolecular competition between trimethylammonium groups, -N+(CH3)3, and tert-butyl groups, -C(CH3)3, for the internal surfaces (aromatic panels) of the containers. In contrast with previous studies, the container molecules consistently preferred binding to the uncharged tert-butyl groups, regardless of the presence of anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic groups on the container peripheries. This preference is determined by solvation of the polar trimethylammonium group in water, which outcompetes the attraction between the positive charge and the π-surfaces in the container. The synthetic container complexes provide a direct measure of the relative strengths of cation-π interactions and desolvation in water. Interactions with the uncharged tert-butyl group are more than 12 kJ mol-1 more favorable than the cation-π interactions with the trimethylammonium group in these cavitand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Minmin Tang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Rebek
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Yusef Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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4
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Li P, Vik EC, Shimizu KD. N-Arylimide Molecular Balances: A Comprehensive Platform for Studying Aromatic Interactions in Solution. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2705-2714. [PMID: 33152232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions of aromatic surfaces play a key role in many biological processes and in determining the properties and utility of synthetic materials, sensors, and catalysts. However, the study of aromatic interactions has been challenging because these interactions are usually very weak and their trends are modulated by many factors such as structural, electronic, steric, and solvent effects. Recently, N-arylimide molecular balances have emerged as highly versatile and effective platforms for studying aromatic interactions in solution. These molecular balances can accurately measure weak noncovalent interactions in solution via their influence on the folded-unfolded conformational equilibrium. The structure (i.e., size, shape, π-conjugation, and substitution) and nature (i.e., element, charge, and polarity) of the π-surfaces and interacting groups can be readily varied, enabling the study of a wide range of aromatic interactions. These include aromatic stacking, heterocyclic aromatic stacking, and alkyl-π, chalcogen-π, silver-π, halogen-π, substituent-π, and solvent-π interactions. The ability to measure a diverse array of aromatic interactions within a single model system provides a unique perspective and insights as the interaction energies, stability trends, and solvent effects for different types of interactions can be directly compared. Some broad conclusions that have emerged from this comprehensive analysis include: (1) The strongest aromatic interactions involve groups with positive charges such as pyridinium and metal ions which interact with the electrostatically negative π-face of the aromatic surface via cation-π or metal-π interactions. Attractive electrostatic interactions can also form between aromatic surfaces and groups with partial positive charges. (2) Electrostatic interactions involving aromatic surfaces can be switched from repulsive to attractive using electron-withdrawing substituents or heterocycles. These electrostatic trends appear to span many types of aromatic interactions involving a polar group interacting with a π-surface such as halogen-π, chalcogen-π, and carbonyl-π. (3) Nonpolar groups form weak but measurable stabilizing interactions with aromatic surfaces in organic solvents due to favorable dispersion and/or solvophobic effects. A good predictor of the interaction strength is provided by the change in solvent-accessible surface area. (4) Solvent effects modulate the aromatic interactions in the forms of solvophobic effects and competitive solvation, which can be modeled using solvent cohesion density and specific solvent-solute interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Erik C. Vik
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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5
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Merrill AT, Tantillo DJ. Solvent optimization and conformational flexibility effects on 1 H and 13 C NMR scaling factors. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:576-583. [PMID: 31883397 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of including (a) implicit solvent in geometry optimizations, (b) conformationally flexible molecules in test sets, and (c) empirical dispersion D3(BJ) on scaling factors for predicting 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts were explored. Scaling factors with optimizations performed in the gas phase and with a Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) solvent model were obtained for 12 organic solvents, including 2,2,2-trifluroethanol and chlorobenzene, for which scaling factors have been developed for the first time. Scaling factors for aromatic solvents were split into primary and secondary scaling factors to account for CH-π effects. Including empirical dispersion D3(BJ) did not lead to significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Merrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California
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6
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Van Den Broeck E, Verbraeken B, Dedecker K, Cnudde P, Vanduyfhuys L, Verstraelen T, Van Hecke K, Jerca VV, Catak S, Hoogenboom R, Van Speybroeck V. Cation−π Interactions Accelerate the Living Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Unsaturated 2-Alkyl-2-oxazolines. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Van Den Broeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Karen Dedecker
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cnudde
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Louis Vanduyfhuys
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valentin Victor Jerca
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for Organic Chemistry “Costin D. Nenitzescu”, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei CP 35-108, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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7
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Tian Y, Wang L, Fu G, Zhang C, Lu R, Dong X. Theoretical investigation on the substituent effects of the C–H/π interaction. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Kwamen ACN, Schlottmann M, Van Craen D, Isaak E, Baums J, Shen L, Massomi A, Räuber C, Joseph BP, Raabe G, Göb C, Oppel IM, Puttreddy R, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Fröhlich R, Albrecht M. Shedding Light on the Interactions of Hydrocarbon Ester Substituents upon Formation of Dimeric Titanium(IV) Triscatecholates in DMSO Solution. Chemistry 2020; 26:1396-1405. [PMID: 31737953 PMCID: PMC7027801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation of hierarchically formed dimeric triple lithium bridged triscatecholate titanium(IV) helicates with hydrocarbyl esters as side groups is systematically investigated in DMSO. Primary alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl as well as benzyl esters are studied in order to minimize steric effects close to the helicate core. The 1 H NMR dimerization constants for the monomer-dimer equilibrium show some solvent dependent influence of the side chains on the dimer stability. In the dimer, the ability of the hydrocarbyl ester groups to aggregate minimizes their contacts with the solvent molecules. Due to this, most solvophobic alkyl groups show the highest dimerization tendency followed by alkenyls, alkynyls and finally benzyls. Furthermore, trends within the different groups of compounds can be observed. For example, the dimer is destabilized by internal double or triple bonds due to π-π repulsion. A strong indication for solvent supported London dispersion interaction between the ester side groups is found by observation of an even/odd alternation of dimerization constants within the series of n-alkyls, n-Ω-alkenyls or n-Ω-alkynyls. This corresponds to the interaction of the parent hydrocarbons, as documented by an even/odd melting point alternation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Carel N. Kwamen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marcel Schlottmann
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - David Van Craen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Isaak
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Julia Baums
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Li Shen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Ali Massomi
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Benjamin P. Joseph
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christian Göb
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Iris M. Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- University of JyväskyläDepartment of ChemistryP.O. Box 35Jyväskylä40014Finland
| | - Jas S. Ward
- University of JyväskyläDepartment of ChemistryP.O. Box 35Jyväskylä40014Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of JyväskyläDepartment of ChemistryP.O. Box 35Jyväskylä40014Finland
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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9
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Li P, Vik EC, Maier JM, Karki I, Strickland SMS, Umana JM, Smith MD, Pellechia PJ, Shimizu KD. Electrostatically Driven CO−π Aromatic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12513-12517. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Erik C. Vik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Josef M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ishwor Karki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Sharon M. S. Strickland
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, Converse College, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302, United States
| | - Jessica M. Umana
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, Converse College, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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10
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Aliev AE, Motherwell WB. Some Recent Advances in the Design and Use of Molecular Balances for the Experimental Quantification of Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions of π Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:10516-10530. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abil E. Aliev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - William B. Motherwell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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11
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Hwang J, Li P, Vik EC, Karki I, Shimizu KD. Study of through-space substituent–π interactions using N-phenylimide molecular balances. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substituent–π interactions associated with aromatic stacking interactions were experimentally measured using a small N-phenylimide molecular balance model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Erik C. Vik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Ishwor Karki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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12
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Hwang J, Li P, Smith MD, Warden CE, Sirianni DA, Vik EC, Maier JM, Yehl CJ, Sherrill CD, Shimizu KD. Tipping the Balance between S-π and O-π Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13301-13307. [PMID: 30251855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive experimental survey consisting of 36 molecular balances was conducted to compare 18 pairs of S-π versus O-π interactions over a wide range of structural, geometric, and solvent parameters. A strong linear correlation was observed between the folding energies of the sulfur and oxygen balances across the entire library of balance pairs. The more stable interaction systematically switched from the O-π to S-π interaction. Computational studies of bimolecular PhSCH3-arene and PhOCH3-arene complexes were able to replicate the experimental trends in the molecular balances. The change in preference for the O-π to S-π interaction was due to the interplay of stabilizing (dispersion and solvophobic) and destabilizing (exchange-repulsion) terms arising from the differences in size and polarizability of the oxygen and sulfur atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | | | | | - Erik C Vik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Josef M Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Christopher J Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | | | - Ken D Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
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13
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Emenike BU, Spinelle RA, Rosario A, Shinn DW, Yoo B. Solvent Modulation of Aromatic Substituent Effects in Molecular Balances Controlled by CH−π Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:909-915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bright U. Emenike
- Department of Chemistry, State of University of New York, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Ronald A. Spinelle
- Department of Chemistry, State of University of New York, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Ambar Rosario
- Department of Chemistry, State of University of New York, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - David W. Shinn
- Department of Math and Science, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings
Point, New York 11024, United States
| | - Barney Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
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14
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Maier JM, Li P, Ritchey JS, Yehl CJ, Shimizu KD. Anion-enhanced solvophobic effects in organic solvent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8502-8505. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03964j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular balanced measured a two-fold anion-induced enhancement of the solvophobic effect in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Jackson S. Ritchey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Christopher J. Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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15
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Van Craen D, Rath WH, Huth M, Kemp L, Räuber C, Wollschläger JM, Schalley CA, Valkonen A, Rissanen K, Albrecht M. Chasing Weak Forces: Hierarchically Assembled Helicates as a Probe for the Evaluation of the Energetics of Weak Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16959-16966. [PMID: 29068687 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
London dispersion forces are the weakest interactions between molecules. Because of this, their influence on chemical processes is often low, but can definitely not be ignored, and even becomes important in cases of molecules with large contact surfaces. Hierarchically assembled dinuclear titanium(IV) helicates represent a rare example in which the direct observation of London dispersion forces is possible in solution even in the presence of strong cohesive solvent effects. Hereby, the dispersion forces do not unlimitedly support the formation of the dimeric complexes. Although they have some favorable enthalpic contribution to the dimerization of the monomeric complex units, large flexible substituents become conformationally restricted by the interactions leading to an entropic disadvantage. The dimeric helicates are entropically destabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Rath
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Marina Huth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Laura Kemp
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jan M Wollschläger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , Survontie 9 B, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , Survontie 9 B, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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16
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Maier JM, Li P, Vik EC, Yehl CJ, Strickland SMS, Shimizu KD. Measurement of Solvent OH−π Interactions Using a Molecular Balance. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6550-6553. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef M. Maier
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ping Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Erik C. Vik
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Christopher J. Yehl
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Sharon M. S. Strickland
- Department
of Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, Converse College, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302, United States
| | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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17
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Pinheiro S, Soteras I, Gelpí JL, Dehez F, Chipot C, Luque FJ, Curutchet C. Structural and energetic study of cation–π–cation interactions in proteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9849-9861. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Statistical and energetic analysis of cation–π–cation motifs in protein structures suggests a potential stabilizing role in the protein fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pinheiro
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Ignacio Soteras
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Santa Coloma de Gramenet
- Spain
| | - Josep Lluis Gelpí
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
- Facultat de Biologia
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Spain
| | - François Dehez
- Laboratoire International Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign
- Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 7565
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy cedex
- France
| | - Christophe Chipot
- Laboratoire International Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign
- Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 7565
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy cedex
- France
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Santa Coloma de Gramenet
- Spain
| | - Carles Curutchet
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB)
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
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