1
|
Zhang W, Zhang X, Ono LK, Qi Y, Oughaddou H. Recent Advances in Phosphorene: Structure, Synthesis, and Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303115. [PMID: 37726245 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene is a 2D phosphorus atomic layer arranged in a honeycomb lattice like graphene but with a buckled structure. Since its exfoliation from black phosphorus in 2014, phosphorene has attracted tremendous research interest both in terms of synthesis and fundamental research, as well as in potential applications. Recently, significant attention in phosphorene is motivated not only by research on its fundamental physical properties as a novel 2D semiconductor material, such as tunable bandgap, strong in-plane anisotropy, and high carrier mobility, but also by the study of its wide range of potential applications, such as electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices, energy conversion and storage devices. However, a lot of avenues remain to be explored including the fundamental properties of phosphorene and its device applications. This review recalls the current state of the art of phosphorene and its derivatives, touching upon topics on structure, synthesis, characterization, properties, stability, and applications. The current needs and future opportunities for phosphorene are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Luis K Ono
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hamid Oughaddou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Bât. 520, Orsay, 91405, France
- Département de Physique, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, F-95031, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin JH, Zhang T, Zhang T. Super-high carrier mobilities and excellent thermoelectric performances of Tri-Tri group-VA monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30934-30948. [PMID: 37937400 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03345g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
High-performance thermoelectric materials in theoretical and experimental research are mostly composed of expensive, scarce, heavy elements and rarely of single light elements, which severely limit their application and development. Based on density functional and semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, we determine that a stable phosphorene allotrope, named Tri-Tri phosphorene, has super-high electron mobility (23845.29 cm2 V-1 s-1) much higher than those of most two-dimension materials. Moreover, its optimized maximum ZT can reach up to 3.43 at room temperature (4.83 at 500 K and 5.92 at 700 K), exhibiting highly favorable prospects in practical thermoelectric systems. Motivated by the excellent properties of Tri-Tri phosphorene, we further demonstrate the structural stability of Tri-Tri arsenene and Tri-Tri antimonene and predict that the two Tri-Tri structures also have high Seebeck coefficients and electron mobilities. Their lattice thermal conductivities are dramatically decreased compared with Tri-Tri phosphorene. Thus, their predicted thermoelectric performances are also excellent, with maximum ZT values of 4.12 (Tri-Tri arsenene) and 3.54 (Tri-Tri antimonene) at room temperature. The low layer moduli of the three Tri-Tri structures indicate that they have high mechanical flexibility and suitability for current device assemblies. All these desirable properties make Tri-Tri group-VA materials promising for future applications in thermoelectric devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Lin
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tie Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Li T, Liu X, Zhu W, Chen Z, Li Z, Yang J. mech2d: An Efficient Tool for High-Throughput Calculation of Mechanical Properties for Two-Dimensional Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:4337. [PMID: 37298813 PMCID: PMC10254924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been a research hot topic in the passed decades due to their unique and fascinating properties. Among them, mechanical properties play an important role in their application. However, there lacks an effective tool for high-throughput calculating, analyzing and visualizing the mechanical properties of 2D materials. In this work, we present the mech2d package, a highly automated toolkit for calculating and analyzing the second-order elastic constants (SOECs) tensor and relevant properties of 2D materials by considering their symmetry. In the mech2d, the SOECs can be fitted by both the strain-energy and stress-strain approaches, where the energy or strain can be calculated by a first-principles engine, such as VASP. As a key feature, the mech2d package can automatically submit and collect the tasks from a local or remote machine with robust fault-tolerant ability, making it suitable for high-throughput calculation. The present code has been validated by several common 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorene, GeSe2 and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Wang
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Weiduo Zhu
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhongjun Li
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie M, Li Y, Liu X, Yang J, Li H, Li X. Two-dimensional IV-VA 3 monolayers with enhanced charge mobility for high-performance solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20694-20700. [PMID: 36047394 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-performance photovoltaics (PVs) constitute a subject of extensive research efforts, in which silicon (Si)-based solar cells (SCs) have been widely commercialized. However, the low carrier mobility of Si-based SCs can limit the effective charge separation, thereby negatively impacting the device performance. Here, via calculating the physicochemical and PV performance based on density functional theory, we demonstrate SCs based on two-dimensional (2D) group IV and V compounds with an AX3 configuration. Firstly, the cleavage energies of AX3 (A = Si, Ge; X = P, As, and Sb) are calculated to be less than 1 J m-2, providing an experimental feasibility to be exfoliated from the corresponding bulk. Secondly, electronic and optical properties have been systematically investigated. To be specific, the band gap of monolayer AX3 falls in the range of 1.11-1.27 eV, which is comparable with that of Si. Significantly, the electron mobility of monolayer AX3 can reach as high as ∼30 000 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of Si. Furthermore, the optical absorbance of monolayer SiAs3, SiP3 and GeAs3 exhibits high coefficients in visible light. Therefore, we believe that our designed AX3-based PV systems with power conversion efficiency of 20% can offer great potential in the application of high-performance two-dimension-based PVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiu Xie
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yang Li
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuhai Liu
- College of Microtechnology & Nanotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Li
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xing'ao Li
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China. .,School of Science, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
First-principles calculations to investigate structural, elastic, electronic and thermoelectric properties of monolayer and bulk beryllium chalcogenides. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Singh J, Jakhar M, Kumar A. Stability, optoelectronic and thermal properties of two-dimensional Janus α-Te 2S. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:215405. [PMID: 35158350 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac54e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent progress in the two-dimensional (2D) materials of group VI elements and their experimental fabrication, we have investigated the stability, optoelectronic and thermal properties of Janusα-Te2S monolayer using first-principles calculations. The phonon dispersion and MD simulations confirm its dynamical and thermal stability. The moderate band gap (∼1.5 eV), ultrahigh carrier mobility (∼103cm2V-1s-1), small exciton binding energy (0.26 eV), broad optical absorption range and charge carrier separation ability due to potential difference (ΔV = 1.07 eV) on two surfaces of Janusα-Te2S monolayer makes it a promising candidate for solar energy conversion. We propose various type-II heterostructures consisting of Janusα-Te2S and other transition metal dichalcogenides for solar cell applications. The calculated power conversion efficiencies of the proposed heterostructures, i.e.α-Te2S/T-PdS2,α-Te2S/BP andα-Te2S/H-MoS2are ∼21%, ∼19% and 18%, respectively. Also, the ultralow value of lattice thermal conductivity (1.16 W m-1K-1) of Janusα-Te2S makes it a promising material for the fabrication of next-generation thermal energy conversion devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Singh
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Mukesh Jakhar
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dai C, Cai X, Ni Y, Chen Y, Wang H. A new phosphorene allotrope: the assembly of phosphorene nanoribbon and chain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22572-22579. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02172b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorene allotrope monolayers such as blue and red phosphorus are attempted to be designed and synthesized to be used in the optoelectronics field due to their tunable bandgap and high...
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Nagarajan V, Chandiramouli R. Molecular adsorption studies of formaldehyde and methanol on novel twisted bilayer beta phosphorene sheets – a first-principles investigation. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1966535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nagarajan
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, India
| | - R. Chandiramouli
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He L, Li X, Zhu X, Luo J, Chen Z, Li C. New graphane: inspiration from the structure correlation with phosphorene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15302-15312. [PMID: 34251383 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of phosphorene and graphane in different photoelectric devices and energy reserves has attracted wide attention. Here, we investigated the Raman spectra, phonon dispersion and vibration modes of four phosphorene monolayer polymorphs and four graphane allotropes with the corresponding crystal structures to analyze the structure correlation between them. Based on the "three identical, one divergent" pattern found in the sp3 hybrid atomic orbitals of phosphorene and graphane, four new graphane conformers with different hydrogenation modes named γδ-G, αγ-G, βγ-G and αδ-G are successfully predicted. Among these four new graphane conformers, βγ-G has the lowest binding energy, which is only 0.02 eV per atom higher than β-G, the most stable one among all graphane theoretically predicted. This means that βγ-G may co-exist with β-G during the experimental synthesis of graphane, which can be distinguished from the side views with threefold structures for βγ-G and twofold structures for β-G. All the new graphane conformers are direct-band-gap semiconductors with band gaps more than 3 eV, which indicate their great potential in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, three of them exhibit in-plane negative Poisson's ratios under tensile deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxin He
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xin Zhu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jianglei Luo
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhiqian Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deringer VL, Pickard CJ, Proserpio DM. Hierarchically Structured Allotropes of Phosphorus from Data-Driven Exploration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15880-15885. [PMID: 32497368 PMCID: PMC7540597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of materials is increasingly guided by quantum-mechanical crystal-structure prediction, but the structural complexity in bulk and nanoscale materials remains a bottleneck. Here we demonstrate how data-driven approaches can vastly accelerate the search for complex structures, combining a machine-learning (ML) model for the potential-energy surface with efficient, fragment-based searching. We use the characteristic building units observed in Hittorf's and fibrous phosphorus to seed stochastic ("random") structure searches over hundreds of thousands of runs. Our study identifies a family of hierarchically structured allotropes based on a P8 cage as principal building unit, including one-dimensional (1D) single and double helix structures, nanowires, and two-dimensional (2D) phosphorene allotropes with square-lattice and kagome topologies. These findings yield new insight into the intriguingly diverse structural chemistry of phosphorus, and they provide an example for how ML methods may, in the long run, be expected to accelerate the discovery of hierarchical nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker L. Deringer
- Department of ChemistryInorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
- Advanced Institute for Materials ResearchTohoku University2-1-1 Katahira, AobaSendai980-8577Japan
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS)Samara State Technical University443100SamaraRussia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaur S, Kumar A, Srivastava S, Tankeshwar K, Pandey R. Novel phosphorus-based 2D allotropes with ultra-high mobility. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:325702. [PMID: 32330912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8cf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory were performed to investigate structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of phosphorene-based large honeycomb dumbbell (LHD) hybrid structures and a new phosphorene allotrope, referred to as ψ″-P. The LHD hybrids (i.e., X6P4; X being C or Si or Ge or Sn) and ψ″-P have significantly higher bandgaps than the corresponding pristine LHD structures, except the case of C6P4, which is metallic. ψ″-P is found to be a highly flexible p-type material which shows strain-engineered photocatalytic activity in a highly alkaline medium. The carrier mobility of the considered systems is as high as 105 cm2 V-1 s-1 (specifically the electron mobility of LHD structures). The calculated STM images display the surface morphologies of the LHD hybrids and ψ″-P. The predicted phosphorus-based 2D structures with novel electronic properties may be candidate materials for nanoscale devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumandeep Kaur
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deringer VL, Pickard CJ, Proserpio DM. Hierarchically Structured Allotropes of Phosphorus from Data‐Driven Exploration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker L. Deringer
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS) Samara State Technical University 443100 Samara Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma C, Ma T, Peng X. Quantum confinement and edge effects on electronic properties of zigzag green phosphorene nanoribbons. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:175301. [PMID: 31914431 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab68f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
First-principles density-functional theory calculations were performed to investigate quantum confinement and edge effects on electronic properties of zigzag green phosphorene nanoribbons (ZGPNRs) with edge chemical species including H, OH, F, Cl, O, and S for the ribbons width in the range of 0.5-3.7 nm. The ZGPNRs were obtained from relaxed two-dimensional green phosphorene monolayer with different cutting strategies and the most energetically favorable ribbon configuration was selected for further exploration of size and edge effects. It was found that the electronic properties of the ZGPNRs are strongly associated with the ribbon width and edge chemical species. They show either semiconducting or metallic features depending on the edge functionalization species. The ZGPNRs show semiconducting behavior with the edge species of H, OH, F, or Cl (Group I), while they exhibit metallic characteristics with pristine or O, S edges (Group II). The conduction band minimum and valence band maximum of the ZGPNRs with the Group I edge are primarily located at the inner P atoms and the edge P and functionalization atoms have little contribution. However, for the Group II edge, the electronic bands crossing the Fermi level are dominantly contributed by the edge atoms. It was also found that the band gap and work function of the ZGPNRs are sensitively tunable by varying ribbon width and edge functionalization species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China. College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sabitha R, Nagarajan V, Chandiramouli R. Computational Studies on the Interaction of Formaldehyde Vapor with δ‐Phosphorene Nanosheet: A DFT Insight. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Sabitha
- School of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringSASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram Thanjavur 613 401 India
| | - Veerappan Nagarajan
- School of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringSASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram Thanjavur 613 401 India
| | - Ramanathan Chandiramouli
- School of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringSASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram Thanjavur 613 401 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou D, Meng Q, Si N, Zhou X, Zhai S, Tang Q, Ji Q, Zhou M, Niu T, Fuchs H. Epitaxial Growth of Flat, Metallic Monolayer Phosphorene on Metal Oxide. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2385-2394. [PMID: 32031783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) group VA elemental materials have attracted considerable interest from physics/chemistry and materials science communities, with particular attention paid to honeycomb blue phosphorene. To date, phosphorene is limited to its α-phase and small sizes because it can only be produced by exfoliating black phosphorus crystals. Here, we report the direct synthesis of high-quality phosphorene on a nonmetallic copper oxide substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the growth intermediates and electronic structures of phosphorene on Cu3O2/Cu(111). Surprisingly, the grown phosphorene has a flat honeycomb lattice, similar to graphene, which exhibits a metallic nature. We reveal that the growth mechanism and morphology of phosphorene are strongly correlated with the surface structures of prepared copper oxide, and the resulting phosphorene can be stabilized after high-temperature annealing above 600 K even in oxygen gas. The high stability is closely related to the irregular Moiré pattern and structural corrugations of phosphorene on Cu3O2/Cu(111) that efficiently relieve the surface strain. These results shed light on future fabrication of large-scale, versatile 2D structures for interconnect and device integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Zhou
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science & Technology , No. 200 Xiaolingwei , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Qingling Meng
- School of Physics , Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Nan Si
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science & Technology , No. 200 Xiaolingwei , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- SynCat@Beijing , Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd. , Leyuan South Street II , No. 1 Huairou District, Beijing 101407 , China
| | - Shuwei Zhai
- School of Physics , Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Qin Tang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science & Technology , No. 200 Xiaolingwei , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Qingmin Ji
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science & Technology , No. 200 Xiaolingwei , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Miao Zhou
- School of Physics , Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science & Technology , No. 200 Xiaolingwei , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science & Technology , No. 200 Xiaolingwei , Nanjing 210094 , China
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10 , Münster 48149 , Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Heisenbergstrasse 11 , Münster 48149 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen QY, Liu MY, Cao C, He Y. Strain-tunable electronic and optical properties of novel anisotropic green phosphorene: a first-principles study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:335710. [PMID: 31035273 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1dc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of in-layer strain on the optical and electrical properties of monolayer green phosphorene, a new anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) material, has been systematically studied. The studied strain includes in-layer uniaxial strain and biaxial strain. Green phosphorene can be viewed as a combination of black and blue phosphorene segments in regular order. We adopt the HSE06 method to correct the calculated results. The results reveal that, firstly, strain-free monolayer green phosphorene is a stable direct band gap 2D semiconductor with the anisotropic optical property. The transmittance of infrared and visible light along the zigzag direction is better than that along the armchair direction. However, the transmittance of the UV-light along the armchair direction is better than that along the zigzag direction. Secondly, the optical properties, such as the absorption coefficient and reflectivity, along armchair and zigzag direction respond very differently to the various applied strains. As for the electronic properties, the band gap exhibits different changing trends by applying either in-layer biaxial strain or uniaxial strain in different directions. Besides, the near-band-edge electronic orbitals exhibit different bond nature in different directions. These results suggest that green phosphorene shows strong anisotropy in electronic and optical properties. By calculating and comparing the energies of near-band-edge states after applying different strains on green phosphorene, the reason for the anisotropy of the new 2D material is analyzed. This study implies that the electronic and optical properties of green phosphorene, a stable direct band gap anisotropic semiconductor, could be efficiently tuned by in-layer biaxial or uniaxial strain. Therefore, green phosphorene can be used in linear polarizers and other anisotropic photoelectric devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Physics, Yunnan University, No. 2 Green Lake North Road, Wu Hua Qu Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang JL, Zhao S, Telychko M, Sun S, Lian X, Su J, Tadich A, Qi D, Zhuang J, Zheng Y, Ma Z, Gu C, Hu Z, Du Y, Lu J, Li Z, Chen W. Reversible Oxidation of Blue Phosphorus Monolayer on Au(111). NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5340-5346. [PMID: 31274321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Practical applications of two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) are limited by its fast degradation under ambient conditions, for which many different mechanisms have been proposed; however, an atomic level understanding of the degradation process is still hindered by the absence of bottom-up methods for the growth of large-scale few-layer black phosphorus. Recent experimental success in the fabrication of single-layer blue phosphorus provides a model system to probe the oxidation mechanism of two-dimensional (2D) phosphorene down to single-layer thicknesses. Here, we report an atomic-scale investigation of the interaction between molecular oxygen and blue phosphorus. The atomic structure of blue phosphorus and the local binding sites of oxygen have been precisely identified using qPlus-based noncontact atomic force microscopy. A combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal a thermally reversible oxidation process of blue phosphorus in a pure oxygen atmosphere. Our study clearly demonstrates the essential role of oxygen in the initial oxidation process, and it sheds further light on the fundamental pathways of the degradation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , 117542 , Singapore
| | - Songtao Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
| | - Shuo Sun
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , 117542 , Singapore
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
| | - Anton Tadich
- Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Dongchen Qi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
| | - Jincheng Zhuang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2525 , Australia
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , 117542 , Singapore
| | - Zhirui Ma
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
| | - Chengding Gu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
| | - Zehua Hu
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , 117542 , Singapore
| | - Yi Du
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2525 , Australia
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , 117542 , Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University , International Campus of Tianjin University , Binhai New City, Fuzhou , 350207 , China
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street , Suzhou Industrial Park , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cai X, Chen Y, Sun B, Chen J, Wang H, Ni Y, Tao L, Wang H, Zhu S, Li X, Wang Y, Lv J, Feng X, Redfern SAT, Chen Z. Two-dimensional Blue-AsP monolayers with tunable direct band gap and ultrahigh carrier mobility show promising high-performance photovoltaic properties. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8260-8269. [PMID: 30976766 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The successful fabrication of black phosphorene (Black-P) in 2014 and subsequent synthesis of layered black As1-xPx alloys have inspired research into two-dimensional (2D) binary As-P compounds. The very recent success in growing blue phosphorene (Blue-P) further motivated exploration of 2D Blue-AsP materials. Here, using ab initio swarm-intelligence global minimum structure-searching methods, we have obtained a series of novel and energetically favored 2D Blue-AsP (denoted x-AsP, x = I, II, III, IV, V) compounds with As : P = 1 : 1 stoichiometry. They display similar honeycomb structures to Blue-P. Remarkably, the lowest-energy AsP monolayer, namely I-AsP, not only possesses a quasi-direct band gap (2.41 eV), which can be tuned to a direct and optimal gap for photovoltaic applications by in-plane strain, but also has an ultrahigh electronic mobility up to ∼7.4 × 104 cm2 V-1 s-1, far surpassing that of Blue-P, and also exhibits high absorption coefficients (×105 cm-1). Our simulations also show that 30 nm-thick I-AsP sheet-based cells have photovoltaic efficiency as high as ∼12%, and the I-AsP/CdSe heterostructure solar cells possess a power conversion efficiency as high as ∼13%. All these outstanding characteristics suggest the I-AsP sheet as a promising material for high-efficiency solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deng Z, Li Z, Wang W, She J. Vibrational properties and Raman spectra of pristine and fluorinated blue phosphorene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1059-1066. [PMID: 30398495 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using density functional theory, we investigated the vibrational properties and Raman spectra of pristine blue phosphorene and fluorinated blue phosphorene. The fluorinated blue phosphorene possesses a Dirac cone at the K point (about 310 cm-1). The shape of the Dirac cone remains unchanged under different tensile strains. The Raman tensor and thus angle-dependent Raman intensities of all Raman active modes are calculated for the polarizations of scattered light parallel and perpendicular to that of the incident light. The characteristics of angle-dependent Raman intensities are discussed. Moreover, the polarization direction averaged non-resonant Raman spectra of pristine blue phosphorene and fluorinated blue phosphorene are compared with that of germanene and black phosphorene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maatallah M, Jarid A. Blue-Green-Black phosphorene allotropes conversion: Energetically easy and potentially promising. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Zhang JL, Han C, Hu Z, Wang L, Liu L, Wee ATS, Chen W. 2D Phosphorene: Epitaxial Growth and Interface Engineering for Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802207. [PMID: 30101443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP), first synthesized in 1914 and rediscovered as a new member of the family of 2D materials in 2014, combines many extraordinary properties of graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides, such as high charge-carrier mobility, and a tunable direct bandgap. In addition, it displays other distinguishing properties, e.g., ambipolar transport and highly anisotropic properties. The successful application of BP in electronic and optoelectronic devices has stimulated significant research interest in other allotropes and alloys of 2D phosphorene, a class of 2D materials consisting of elemental phosphorus. As an atomically thin sheet, the various interfaces presented in 2D phosphorene (substrate/phosphorene, electrode/phosphorene, dielectric/phosphorene, atmosphere/phosphorene) play dominant roles in its bottom-up synthesis, and determine several key characteristics for the devices, such as carrier injection, carrier transport, carrier concentration, and device stability. The rational design/engineering of interfaces provides an effective way to manipulate the growth of 2D phosphorene, and modulate its electronic and optoelectronic properties to realize high-performance multifunctional devices. Here, recent progress of the interface engineering of 2D phosphorene is highlighted, including the epitaxial growth of single-layer blue phosphorus on different substrates, surface functionalization of BP for high-performance complementary devices, and the investigation of the BP degradation mechanism in ambient air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Zehua Hu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Li Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Physics, Nanchang University, 999 Xue Fu Da Dao, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3888 Dongnanhu Road, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiang Su, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Le MQ. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations of the mechanical properties of various phosphorene allotropes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:195701. [PMID: 29372890 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaaacf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although various phosphorene allotropes have been theoretically predicted to be stable at 0 K, the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism at room temperature remain unclear for many of them. We investigate through reactive molecular dynamics simulations at room temperature the mechanical properties of phosphorene allotropes including: five sheets with hexagonal structures (β-, γ-, δ-, θ-, and α-phosphorene), one sheet with 4-8 membered rings (4-8-P), and two sheets with 5-7 membered rings. High, moderate and slight anisotropies in their mechanical properties are observed, depending on their crystal structures. Their Young's moduli and tensile strength are approximately in the range from 7.3% through 25%, and from 8.6% through 22% of those of graphene, respectively. At the early stage of fracture, eye-shaped cracks are formed by local bond breaking and perpendicular to the tensile direction in hexagonal and 4-8-P sheets. Complete fractures take place with straight cracks in these hexagonal sheets under tension along the zigzag direction and under tension along the square edge direction in the 4-8-P sheet. Crack meandering and branching are observed during the tension of α-, β-, and γ-phosphorene along the armchair direction; and along the square diagonal direction in the 4-8-P sheet. Under uniaxial tension of two phosphorene sheets with 5-7 atom rings, 12 and 10 membered rings are formed by merging two neighbor heptagons, and a heptagon and its neighbor pentagon, respectively. These 12 and 10 membered rings coalesce subsequently, causing the failure of these two sheets. The results are of great importance in the design of these novel phosphorene allotropes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Quy Le
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wei Y, Lu F, Zhou T, Luo X, Zhao Y. Stacking sequences of black phosphorous allotropes and the corresponding few-layer phosphorenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10185-10192. [PMID: 29594304 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Possible bulk black phosphorus (BP) allotropes are constructed based on single-layer BP with various stacking sequences. Our stacking algorithm shows that there are eight possible allotropes with two stacking layers in their unit cells possessing relatively high symmetries, and six of them are retained after structural relaxation using a van der Waals correction of optB88-vdW. The AF, AG, and AH bulk structures are presented for the first time. The structural relationship of these configurations has been explained via an interlayer slipping process. The total energy of the AF allotrope is closest to the most stable bulk BP structure (AB stacking) among all explored 2-layer stacked bulk structures. The calculated band structure of the AF allotrope using HSE06 shows a direct band gap of 0.48 eV with anisotropic electronic structures. We also presented six possible BP allotropes with three stacking layers in their unit cells. The newly reported AAF and ABC stacked structures show semiconducting and metallic features, respectively. After the bulk structures were explored, we further built the corresponding few-layer phosphorene structures and investigated their electronic properties. The results show that all the few-layer phosphorenes show semiconducting features. The AE, AAE, and AEA phosphorenes have indirect band gaps while the other explored phosphorenes possess direct band gaps located at the Γ point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Department of Electronics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaur S, Kumar A, Srivastava S, Pandey R, Tankeshwar K. Stability and carrier transport properties of phosphorene-based polymorphic nanoribbons. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:155701. [PMID: 29388562 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaac43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorene has recently attracted significant interest in the scientific community. In this paper, we consider several polymorphs of phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) and employ deformation potential theory within the effective mass approximation, together with density functional theory, to investigate their structural, mechanical and electronic properties. The results show that the stability of a PNR strongly depends on the direction along which it can be cut from its 2D counterpart. PNRs also exhibit a wide range of line stiffnesses ranging from 6 × 1010 eV m-1 to 18 × 1011 eV m-1, which has little dependence on the edge passivation. Likewise, the calculated electronic properties of PNRs show them to be either a narrow-gap semiconductor (E g < 1 eV) or a wide-gap semiconductor (E g > 1 eV). The carrier mobility of PNRs is found to be comparable to that of black phosphorene. Some of the PNRs show an n-type (p-type) semiconducting character owing to their higher electron (hole) mobility. Passivation of the edges leads to n-type ↔ p-type transition in many of the PNRs considered. The predicted novel characteristics of PNRs, with a wide range of mechanical and electronic properties, make them potentially suitable for use in nanoscale devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumandeep Kaur
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. Department of Physical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li J, Ruan L, Wu Z, Zhang G, Wang Y. All-phosphorus flexible devices with non-collinear electrodes: a first principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29513307 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, flexible electronics based on 2D materials have quickly emerged. Theoretically, predicting the transport properties of the flexible devices made up of 2D materials using first principles is of great importance. Using density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we calculated the transport properties of all-phosphorus flexible devices with non-collinear electrodes, and the results predicted that the device with compressed metallic phosphorene electrodes sandwiching a P-type semiconducting phosphorene shows a better and robust conducting behavior against the bending of the semiconducting region when the angle between the two electrodes is less than 45°, which indicates that this system is very promising for flexible electronics. The calculation of a quantum transport system with non-collinear electrodes demonstrated in this work will provide more interesting information on mesoscopic material systems and related devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deringer VL, Proserpio DM, Csányi G, Pickard CJ. Data-driven learning and prediction of inorganic crystal structures. Faraday Discuss 2018; 211:45-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning-based interatomic potentials, fitting energy landscapes “on the fly”, are emerging and promising tools for crystal structure prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker L. Deringer
- Department of Engineering
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1PZ
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS)
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Department of Engineering
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1PZ
- UK
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0FS
- UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jamdagni P, Thakur A, Kumar A, Ahluwalia PK, Pandey R. Two dimensional allotropes of arsenene with a wide range of high and anisotropic carrier mobility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29939-29950. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rapid development of experimental techniques for fabricating 2D materials in recent years, various monolayers are expected to be experimentally realized in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jamdagni
- Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University
- Shimla
- India
| | - Anil Thakur
- Department of Physics, Govt. P. G. College
- Solan
- India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Physical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - P. K. Ahluwalia
- Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University
- Shimla
- India
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University
- Houghton
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han WH, Kim S, Lee IH, Chang KJ. Prediction of Green Phosphorus with Tunable Direct Band Gap and High Mobility. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4627-4632. [PMID: 28889743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus is an emerging material in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics due to its high carrier mobility and anisotropic in-plane properties. In addition, the polymorphism of phosphorus leads to numerous searches for new allotropes that are more attractive than black phosphorus in a variety of applications. On the basis of ab initio evolutionary crystal structure search computation, we report the prediction of a phosphorus allotrope called green phosphorus (λ-P), which exhibits direct band gaps ranging from 0.7 to 2.4 eV and strong anisotropy in optical and transport properties. Free-energy calculations show that a single-layer form, termed green phosphorene, is energetically more stable than blue phosphorene, and a phase transition from black to green phosphorene can occur at temperatures above 87 K. We suggest that green phosphorene can be synthesized on corrugated metal surfaces rather than clean surfaces due to its buckled structure, providing guidance to achieving epitaxial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - In-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Kee Joo Chang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kang K, Jang W, Soon A. Assembling phosphorene flexagons for 2D electron-density-guided nanopatterning and nanofabrication. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10465-10474. [PMID: 28703835 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03377j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To build upon the rich structural diversity in the ever-increasing polymorphic phases of two-dimensional phosphorene, we propose different assembly methods (namely, the "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches) that involve four commonly reported parent phases (i.e. the α-, β-, γ-, and δ-phosphorene) in combination with the lately reported remarkably low-energy one-dimensional defects in α-phosphorene. In doing so, we generate various periodically repeated phosphorene patterns in these so-called phosphorene flexagons and present their local electron density (via simulated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images). These interesting electron density patterns seen in the flexagons (mimicking symmetry patterns that one may typically see in a kaleidoscope) may assist as potential 2D templates where electron-density-guided nanopatterning and nanofabrication in complex organized nanoarchitectures are important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisung Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Woosun Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Aloysius Soon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|