1
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Malpathak S, Ananth N. Semiclassical dynamics in Wigner phase space II: Nonadiabatic hybrid Wigner dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:094110. [PMID: 39234964 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We present an approximate semiclassical (SC) framework for mixed quantized dynamics in Wigner phase space in a two-part series. In the first article, we introduced the Adiabatic Hybrid Wigner Dynamics (AHWD) method that allows for a few important "system" degrees of freedom to be quantized using high-level double Herman-Kluk SC theory while describing the rest (the "bath") using classical-limit linearized SC theory. In this second article, we extend our hybrid Wigner dynamics to nonadiabatic processes. The resulting Nonadiabatic Hybrid Wigner Dynamics (NHWD) has two variants that differ in the choice of degrees of freedom to be quantized. Specifically, we introduce NHWD(E) where only the electronic state variables are quantized and the NHWD(V) where both electronic state variables and a handful of strongly coupled nuclear modes are quantized. We show that while NHWD(E) proves accurate for a wide range of scattering models and spin-boson models, systems where a few nuclear modes are strongly coupled to electronic states require NHWD(V) to accurately capture the long-time dynamics. Taken together, we show that AHWD and NHWD represent a new framework for SC simulations of high-dimensional systems with significant quantum effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Malpathak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Nandini Ananth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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2
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Schatz GC, Wodtke AM, Yang X. Spiers Memorial Lecture: New directions in molecular scattering. Faraday Discuss 2024; 251:9-62. [PMID: 38764350 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The field of molecular scattering is reviewed as it pertains to gas-gas as well as gas-surface chemical reaction dynamics. We emphasize the importance of collaboration of experiment and theory, from which new directions of research are being pursued on increasingly complex problems. We review both experimental and theoretical advances that provide the modern toolbox available to molecular-scattering studies. We distinguish between two classes of work. The first involves simple systems and uses experiment to validate theory so that from the validated theory, one may learn far more than could ever be measured in the laboratory. The second class involves problems of great complexity that would be difficult or impossible to understand without a partnership of experiment and theory. Key topics covered in this review include crossed-beams reactive scattering and scattering at extremely low energies, where quantum effects dominate. They also include scattering from surfaces, reactive scattering and kinetics at surfaces, and scattering work done at liquid surfaces. The review closes with thoughts on future promising directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Schatz
- Dept of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Natural Sciences, Goettingen, Germany.
- International Center for the Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Xueming Yang
- Dalian Institute for Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Litman Y, Kapil V, Feldman YMY, Tisi D, Begušić T, Fidanyan K, Fraux G, Higer J, Kellner M, Li TE, Pós ES, Stocco E, Trenins G, Hirshberg B, Rossi M, Ceriotti M. i-PI 3.0: A flexible and efficient framework for advanced atomistic simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:062504. [PMID: 39140447 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Atomic-scale simulations have progressed tremendously over the past decade, largely thanks to the availability of machine-learning interatomic potentials. These potentials combine the accuracy of electronic structure calculations with the ability to reach extensive length and time scales. The i-PI package facilitates integrating the latest developments in this field with advanced modeling techniques thanks to a modular software architecture based on inter-process communication through a socket interface. The choice of Python for implementation facilitates rapid prototyping but can add computational overhead. In this new release, we carefully benchmarked and optimized i-PI for several common simulation scenarios, making such overhead negligible when i-PI is used to model systems up to tens of thousands of atoms using widely adopted machine learning interatomic potentials, such as Behler-Parinello, DeePMD, and MACE neural networks. We also present the implementation of several new features, including an efficient algorithm to model bosonic and fermionic exchange, a framework for uncertainty quantification to be used in conjunction with machine-learning potentials, a communication infrastructure that allows for deeper integration with electronic-driven simulations, and an approach to simulate coupled photon-nuclear dynamics in optical or plasmonic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Litman
- Y. Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Venkat Kapil
- Y. Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 17-19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Thomas Young Centre and London Centre for Nanotechnology, 19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Davide Tisi
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomislav Begušić
- Div. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Karen Fidanyan
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guillaume Fraux
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Higer
- School of Physics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Matthias Kellner
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tao E Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Eszter S Pós
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elia Stocco
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - George Trenins
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barak Hirshberg
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mariana Rossi
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Sabour B, Wagner RJV, Krüger BC, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM, Schäfer T, Park GB. Vibrationally Mode-Specific Molecular Energy Transfer to Surface Electrons in Metastable Formaldehyde Scattering from Cesium-Covered Au(111). J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4976-4983. [PMID: 38850250 PMCID: PMC11215783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic interaction of adsorbate nuclear motion with the continuum of electronic states is known to affect the dynamics of chemical reactions at metal surfaces. A large body of work has probed the fundamental mechanisms of such interactions for atomic and diatomic molecules at surfaces. In polyatomic molecules, the possibility of mode-specific damping of vibrational motion due to the effects of electronic friction raises the question of whether such interactions could profoundly affect the outcome of chemistry at surfaces by selectively removing energy from a particular intramolecular adsorbate mode. However, to date, there have not been any fundamental experiments demonstrating nonadiabatic electron-vibration coupling in a polyatomic molecule at a surface. In this work, we scatter excited metastable formaldehyde and formaldehyde-d2 from a low work function surface and detect ejected exoelectrons that accompany molecular relaxation. The exoelectron ejection efficiency exhibits a strong dependence on the vibrational mode that is excited: out-of-plane bending excitation (ν4) leads to significantly more exoelectrons than does CO stretching excitation (ν2). The results provide clear evidence for mode-specific energy transfer from vibration to surface electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Sabour
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Box 41061 Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Roman J. V. Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Bastian C. Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - G. Barratt Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Box 41061 Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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5
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Rahinov I, Kandratsenka A, Schäfer T, Shirhatti P, Golibrzuch K, Wodtke AM. Vibrational energy transfer in collisions of molecules with metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15090-15114. [PMID: 38757203 PMCID: PMC11135613 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00957f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA), which serves as the basis for our understanding of chemical bonding, reactivity and dynamics, is routinely violated for vibrationally inelastic scattering of molecules at metal surfaces. The title-field therefore represents a fascinating challenge to our conventional wisdom calling for new concepts that involve explicit electron dynamics occurring in concert with nuclear motion. Here, we review progress made in this field over the last decade, which has witnessed dramatic advances in experimental methods, thereby providing a much more extensive set of diverse observations than has ever before been available. We first review the experimental methods used in this field and then provide a systematic tour of the vast array of observations that are currently available. We show how these observations - taken together and without reference to computational simulations - lead us to a simple and intuitive picture of BOA failure in molecular dynamics at metal surfaces, one where electron transfer between the molecule and the metal plays a preeminent role. We also review recent progress made in the theory of electron transfer mediated BOA failure in molecule-surface interactions, describing the most important methods and their ability to reproduce experimental observation. Finally, we outline future directions for research and important unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rahinov
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 4353701 Raanana, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pranav Shirhatti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kai Golibrzuch
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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6
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Bi RH, Dou W. Electronic friction near metal surface: Incorporating nuclear quantum effect with ring polymer molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074110. [PMID: 38380747 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular dynamics with electronic friction (MDEF) approach can accurately describe nonadiabatic effects at metal surfaces in the weakly nonadiabatic limit. That being said, the MDEF approach treats nuclear motion classically such that the nuclear quantum effects are completely missing in the approach. To address this limitation, we combine Electronic Friction with Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics (EF-RPMD). In particular, we apply the averaged electronic friction from the metal surface to the centroid mode of the ring polymer. We benchmark our approach against quantum dynamics to show that EF-RPMD can accurately capture zero-point energy as well as transition dynamics. In addition, we show that EF-RPMD can correctly predict the electronic transfer rate near metal surfaces in the tunneling limit as well as the barrier crossing limit. We expect that our approach will be very useful to study nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surfaces when nuclear quantum effects become essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hao Bi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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7
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Malpathak S, Ananth N. A Linearized Semiclassical Dynamics Study of the Multiquantum Vibrational Relaxation of NO Scattering from a Au(111) Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:794-801. [PMID: 38232133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The vibrational relaxation of NO molecules scattering from a Au(111) surface has served as the focus of efforts to understand nonadiabatic energy transfer at metal-molecule interfaces. Experimental measurements and previous theoretical efforts suggest that multiquantal NO vibrational energy relaxation occurs via electron-hole pair excitations in the metal. Here, using a linearized semiclassical approach, we accurately predict the vibrational relaxation of NO from the νi = 3 state for different incident translational energies. We also accurately capture the central role of transient electron transfer from the metal to the molecule in mediating the vibrational relaxation process but fall short of quantitatively predicting the full extent of multiquantum relaxation for high incident vibrational excitations (νi = 16).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Malpathak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nandini Ananth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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8
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Dan X, Shi Q. Theoretical study of nonadiabatic hydrogen atom scattering dynamics on metal surfaces using the hierarchical equations of motion method. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044101. [PMID: 37486050 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces is investigated based on a simplified Newns-Anderson model. Both the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically. By partitioning all the surface electronic states as the bath, the hierarchical equations of motion method for the fermionic bath is employed to simulate the scattering dynamics. It is found that, with a reasonable set of parameters, the main features of the recent experimental studies of hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces can be reproduced. Vibrational states on the chemisorption state whose energies are close to the incident energy are found to play an important role, and the scattering process is dominated by a single-pass electronic transition forth and back between the diabatic physisorption and chemisorption states. Further study on the effects of the atom-surface coupling strength reveals that, upon increasing the atom-surface coupling strength, the scattering mechanism changes from typical nonadiabatic transitions to dynamics in the electronic friction regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Lee SW, Kim H, Park JY. How Hot Electron Generation at the Solid-Liquid Interface Is Different from the Solid-Gas Interface. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:5373-5380. [PMID: 36930862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of hot electrons by energy dissipation under exothermic chemical reactions on metal catalyst surfaces occurs at both solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. Despite extensive studies, a comparative operando study directly comparing electronic excitation by electronically nonadiabatic interactions at solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces has not been reported. Herein, on the basis of our in situ techniques for monitoring energy dissipation as a chemicurrent using a Pt/n-Si nanodiode sensor, we observed the generation of hot electrons in both gas and liquid phases during H2O2 decomposition. As a result of comparing the current signal and oxygen evolution rate in the two phases, surprisingly, the efficiency of reaction-induced excitation of hot electrons increased by ∼100 times at the solid-liquid interface compared to the solid-gas interface. The boost of hot electron excitation in the liquid phase is due to the presence of an ionic layer lowering the potential barrier at the junction for transferring hot electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education (KNUE), Chungbuk 28173, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lee SW, Jeon B, Lee H, Park JY. Hot Electron Phenomena at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9435-9448. [PMID: 36194546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of energy dissipation and charge transfer under exothermic chemical reactions on metal catalyst surfaces is important for elucidating the fundamental phenomena at solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. Recently, many surface chemistry studies have been conducted on the solid-liquid interface, so correlating electronic excitation in the liquid-phase with the reaction mechanism plays a crucial role in heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, we introduce the detection principle of electron transfer at the solid-liquid interface by developing cutting-edge technologies with metal-semiconductor Schottky nanodiodes. The kinetics of hot electron excitation are well correlated with the reaction rates, demonstrating that the operando method for understanding nonadiabatic interactions is helpful in studying the reaction mechanism of surface molecular processes. In addition to the detection of hot electrons excited by a catalytic reaction, we highlight recent results on how the transfer of the hot electrons influences surface chemical and photoelectrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education (KNUE), Chungbuk28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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Pradhan CS, Jain A. Detailed Balance and Independent Electron Surface-Hopping Method: The Importance of Decoherence and Correct Calculation of Diabatic Populations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4615-4626. [PMID: 35880817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We benchmark and improve the independent electron surface-hopping (IESH) method developed by J. C. Tully's group for nonadiabatic simulations near metal surfaces. We have incorporated decoherence within the IESH method as well as implemented a scheme for the accurate calculation of diabatic populations. We benchmark the original IESH method with the above inclusions for a model system to calculate rate constants and long-time populations. The original IESH method fails to capture the detailed balance for some of the parameters, which is corrected with the inclusion of decoherence and accurate calculation of diabatic populations. Total rate constants are well captured both within the original IESH method as well as within our modified IESH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay S Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amber Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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12
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Töpfer K, Upadhyay M, Meuwly M. Quantitative molecular simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12767-12786. [PMID: 35593769 PMCID: PMC9158373 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All-atom simulations can provide molecular-level insights into the dynamics of gas-phase, condensed-phase and surface processes. One important requirement is a sufficiently realistic and detailed description of the underlying intermolecular interactions. The present perspective provides an overview of the present status of quantitative atomistic simulations from colleagues' and our own efforts for gas- and solution-phase processes and for the dynamics on surfaces. Particular attention is paid to direct comparison with experiment. An outlook discusses present challenges and future extensions to bring such dynamics simulations even closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Töpfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Meenu Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Litman Y, Pós ES, Box CL, Martinazzo R, Maurer RJ, Rossi M. Dissipative tunneling rates through the incorporation of first-principles electronic friction in instanton rate theory. II. Benchmarks and applications. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194107. [PMID: 35597654 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In Paper I [Litman et al., J. Chem. Phys. (in press) (2022)], we presented the ring-polymer instanton with explicit friction (RPI-EF) method and showed how it can be connected to the ab initio electronic friction formalism. This framework allows for the calculation of tunneling reaction rates that incorporate the quantum nature of the nuclei and certain types of non-adiabatic effects (NAEs) present in metals. In this paper, we analyze the performance of RPI-EF on model potentials and apply it to realistic systems. For a 1D double-well model, we benchmark the method against numerically exact results obtained from multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree calculations. We demonstrate that RPI-EF is accurate for medium and high friction strengths and less accurate for extremely low friction values. We also show quantitatively how the inclusion of NAEs lowers the crossover temperature into the deep tunneling regime, reduces the tunneling rates, and, in certain regimes, steers the quantum dynamics by modifying the tunneling pathways. As a showcase of the efficiency of this method, we present a study of hydrogen and deuterium hopping between neighboring interstitial sites in selected bulk metals. The results show that multidimensional vibrational coupling and nuclear quantum effects have a larger impact than NAEs on the tunneling rates of diffusion in metals. Together with Paper I [Litman et al., J. Chem. Phys. (in press) (2022)], these results advance the calculations of dissipative tunneling rates from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Litman
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E S Pós
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C L Box
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Martinazzo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Rossi
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Litman Y, Pós ES, Box CL, Martinazzo R, Maurer RJ, Rossi M. Dissipative tunneling rates through the incorporation of first-principles electronic friction in instanton rate theory. I. Theory. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194106. [PMID: 35597633 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions involving adsorbates on metallic surfaces and impurities in bulk metals are ubiquitous in a wide range of technological applications. The theoretical modeling of such reactions presents a formidable challenge for theory because nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) can play a prominent role and the coupling of the atomic motion with the electrons in the metal gives rise to important non-adiabatic effects (NAEs) that alter atomic dynamics. In this work, we derive a theoretical framework that captures both NQEs and NAEs and, due to its high efficiency, can be applied to first-principles calculations of reaction rates in high-dimensional realistic systems. More specifically, we develop a method that we coin ring polymer instanton with explicit friction (RPI-EF), starting from the ring polymer instanton formalism applied to a system-bath model. We derive general equations that incorporate the spatial and frequency dependence of the friction tensor and then combine this method with the ab initio electronic friction formalism for the calculation of thermal reaction rates. We show that the connection between RPI-EF and the form of the electronic friction tensor presented in this work does not require any further approximations, and it is expected to be valid as long as the approximations of both underlying theories remain valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Litman
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E S Pós
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C L Box
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Martinazzo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Rossi
- MPI for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Zhou X, Meng G, Guo H, Jiang B. First-Principles Insights into Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Vibrational Energy-Transfer Dynamics during Molecular Scattering from Metal Surfaces: The Importance of Surface Reactivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3450-3461. [PMID: 35412832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer is ubiquitous during molecular collisions and reactions at gas-surface interfaces. Of particular importance is vibrational energy transfer because of its relevance to bond forming and breaking. In this Perspective, we review recent first-principles studies on vibrational energy-transfer dynamics during molecular scattering from metal surfaces at the state-to-state level. Taking several representative systems as examples, we highlight the intrinsic correlation between vibrational energy transfer in nonreactive scattering and surface reactivity and how it operates in both electronically adiabatic and nonadiabatic pathways. Adiabatically, the presence of a dissociation barrier softens a bond in the impinging molecule and increases its couplings with other molecular modes and surface phonons. In the meantime, the stronger interaction between the molecule and the surface also changes the electronic structure at the barrier, resulting in an increase of nonadiabatic effects. We further discuss future prospects toward a more quantitative understanding of this important surface dynamical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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16
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Hu C, Lin Q, Guo H, Jiang B. Influence of supercell size on Gas-Surface Scattering: A case study of CO scattering from Au(1 1 1). Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Computational Characterization of Nanosystems. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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18
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Bracco G, Vattuone L, Smerieri M, Carraro G, Savio L, Paolini G, Benedek G, Echenique PM, Rocca M. Prominence of Terahertz Acoustic Surface Plasmon Excitation in Gas-Surface Interaction with Metals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9894-9898. [PMID: 34609889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of the dynamics of gas-surface interactions is that all of the energy lost in the collision is transferred to vibrations of the target. Electronic excitations were shown to play a marginal role except for cases in which the impinging particles have energies of several electronvolts. Here we show that this picture does not hold for metal surfaces supporting acoustic surface plasmons. Such loss, dressed with a vibronic structure, is shown to make up a prominent energy transfer route down to the terahertz region for Ne atoms scattering off Cu(111) and is expected to dominate for most metals. This mechanism determines, e.g., the drag force acting on telecommunication satellites, which are typically gold-plated to reduce overheating by sunshine. The electronic excitations can be unambiguously discerned from the vibrational ones under mild hyperthermal impact conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bracco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L Vattuone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Smerieri
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Carraro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L Savio
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Paolini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Benedek
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - P M Echenique
- DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - M Rocca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
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19
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Auerbach DJ, Tully JC, Wodtke AM. Chemical dynamics from the gas‐phase to surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ntls.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
| | - John C. Tully
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
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20
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Bünermann O, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM. Inelastic Scattering of H Atoms from Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3059-3076. [PMID: 33779163 PMCID: PMC8154602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an instrument that uses photolysis of hydrogen halides to produce nearly monoenergetic hydrogen atom beams and Rydberg atom tagging to obtain accurate angle-resolved time-of-flight distributions of atoms scattered from surfaces. The surfaces are prepared under strict ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Data from these experiments can provide excellent benchmarks for theory, from which it is possible to obtain an atomic scale understanding of the underlying dynamical processes governing H atom adsorption. In this way, the mechanism of adsorption on metals is revealed, showing a penetration-resurfacing mechanism that relies on electronic excitation of the metal by the H atom to succeed. Contrasting this, when H atoms collide at graphene surfaces, the dynamics of bond formation involving at least four carbon atoms govern adsorption. Future perspectives of H atom scattering from surfaces are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bünermann
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Yin R, Jiang B. Mechanical Vibrational Relaxation of NO Scattering from Metal and Insulator Surfaces: When and Why They Are Different. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:156101. [PMID: 33929236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.156101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NO scattering from metallic and insulating surfaces represents contrasting benchmark systems for understanding energy transfer at gas-surface interface. Strikingly different behaviors of highly vibrationally excited NO scattered from Au(111) and LiF(001) were observed and attributed to disparate electronic structures between metals and insulators. Here, we reveal an alternative mechanical origin of this discrepancy by comparative molecular dynamics simulations with globally accurate adiabatic neural network potentials of both systems. We find that highly vibrating NO can reach for the high-dissociation barrier on Au(111), by which vibrational energy can largely transfer to translation or rotation and further dissipate into substrate phonons. This mechanical energy transfer channel is forbidden in the purely repulsive NO/LiF(001) system or for low-vibrating NO on Au(111), where molecular vibration is barely coupled to other degrees of freedom. Our results emphasize that the initial state and potential energy landscape concurrently influence the mechanical energy transfer dynamics of gas-surface scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yin
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Kroes GJ. Computational approaches to dissociative chemisorption on metals: towards chemical accuracy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8962-9048. [PMID: 33885053 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the state-of-the-art in the theory of dissociative chemisorption (DC) of small gas phase molecules on metal surfaces, which is important to modeling heterogeneous catalysis for practical reasons, and for achieving an understanding of the wealth of experimental information that exists for this topic, for fundamental reasons. We first give a quick overview of the experimental state of the field. Turning to the theory, we address the challenge that barrier heights (Eb, which are not observables) for DC on metals cannot yet be calculated with chemical accuracy, although embedded correlated wave function theory and diffusion Monte-Carlo are moving in this direction. For benchmarking, at present chemically accurate Eb can only be derived from dynamics calculations based on a semi-empirically derived density functional (DF), by computing a sticking curve and demonstrating that it is shifted from the curve measured in a supersonic beam experiment by no more than 1 kcal mol-1. The approach capable of delivering this accuracy is called the specific reaction parameter (SRP) approach to density functional theory (DFT). SRP-DFT relies on DFT and on dynamics calculations, which are most efficiently performed if a potential energy surface (PES) is available. We therefore present a brief review of the DFs that now exist, also considering their performance on databases for Eb for gas phase reactions and DC on metals, and for adsorption to metals. We also consider expressions for SRP-DFs and briefly discuss other electronic structure methods that have addressed the interaction of molecules with metal surfaces. An overview is presented of dynamical models, which make a distinction as to whether or not, and which dissipative channels are modeled, the dissipative channels being surface phonons and electronically non-adiabatic channels such as electron-hole pair excitation. We also discuss the dynamical methods that have been used, such as the quasi-classical trajectory method and quantum dynamical methods like the time-dependent wave packet method and the reaction path Hamiltonian method. Limits on the accuracy of these methods are discussed for DC of diatomic and polyatomic molecules on metal surfaces, paying particular attention to reduced dimensionality approximations that still have to be invoked in wave packet calculations on polyatomic molecules like CH4. We also address the accuracy of fitting methods, such as recent machine learning methods (like neural network methods) and the corrugation reducing procedure. In discussing the calculation of observables we emphasize the importance of modeling the properties of the supersonic beams in simulating the sticking probability curves measured in the associated experiments. We show that chemically accurate barrier heights have now been extracted for DC in 11 molecule-metal surface systems, some of which form the most accurate core of the only existing database of Eb for DC reactions on metal surfaces (SBH10). The SRP-DFs (or candidate SRP-DFs) that have been derived show transferability in many cases, i.e., they have been shown also to yield chemically accurate Eb for chemically related systems. This can in principle be exploited in simulating rates of catalyzed reactions on nano-particles containing facets and edges, as SRP-DFs may be transferable among systems in which a molecule dissociates on low index and stepped surfaces of the same metal. In many instances SRP-DFs have allowed important conclusions regarding the mechanisms underlying observed experimental trends. An important recent observation is that SRP-DFT based on semi-local exchange DFs has so far only been successful for systems for which the difference of the metal work function and the molecule's electron affinity exceeds 7 eV. A main challenge to SRP-DFT is to extend its applicability to the other systems, which involve a range of important DC reactions of e.g. O2, H2O, NH3, CO2, and CH3OH. Recent calculations employing a PES based on a screened hybrid exchange functional suggest that the road to success may be based on using exchange functionals of this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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23
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Jeon B, Lee C, Park JY. Electronic Control of Hot Electron Transport Using Modified Schottky Barriers in Metal-Semiconductor Nanodiodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9252-9259. [PMID: 33587596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hot electron flux, generated by both incident light energy and the heat of the catalytic reaction, is a major element for energy conversion at the surface. Controlling hot electron flux in a reversible manner is extremely important for achieving high energy conversion efficiency. Here we demonstrate that hot electron flux can be controlled by tuning the Schottky barrier height. This phenomenon was monitored by using a Schottky nanodiode composed of a metal-semiconductor. The formation of a Schottky barrier at a nanometer scale inevitably accompanies an intrinsic image potential between the metal-semiconductor junction, which lowers the effective Schottky barrier height. When a reverse bias is applied to the nanodiode, an additional image potential participates in a secondary barrier lowering, leading to the increased hot electron flow. Besides, a decrease of tunneling width results in facile electron transport through the barrier. The increased hot electron flux by the chemical reaction (chemicurrent) and by the photon absorption (photocurrent) indicates hot electrons are captured more effectively by modifying the Schottky barrier. This study can shed light on a quantitative understanding and application of charge behavior at metal-semiconductor interfaces, in solar energy conversion, or in a catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Box C, Zhang Y, Yin R, Jiang B, Maurer RJ. Determining the Effect of Hot Electron Dissipation on Molecular Scattering Experiments at Metal Surfaces. JACS AU 2021; 1:164-173. [PMID: 34467282 PMCID: PMC8395621 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects that arise from the concerted motion of electrons and atoms at comparable energy and time scales are omnipresent in thermal and light-driven chemistry at metal surfaces. Excited (hot) electrons can measurably affect molecule-metal reactions by contributing to state-dependent reaction probabilities. Vibrational state-to-state scattering of NO on Au(111) has been one of the most studied examples in this regard, providing a testing ground for developing various nonadiabatic theories. This system is often cited as the prime example for the failure of electronic friction theory, a very efficient model accounting for dissipative forces on metal-adsorbed molecules due to the creation of hot electrons in the metal. However, the exact failings compared to experiment and their origin from theory are not established for any system because dynamic properties are affected by many compounding simulation errors of which the quality of nonadiabatic treatment is just one. We use a high-dimensional machine learning representation of electronic structure theory to minimize errors that arise from quantum chemistry. This allows us to perform a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the performance of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in describing vibrational state-to-state scattering of NO on Au(111) and compare directly to adiabatic results. We find that electronic friction theory accurately predicts elastic and single-quantum energy loss but underestimates multiquantum energy loss and overestimates molecular trapping at high vibrational excitation. Our analysis reveals that multiquantum energy loss can potentially be remedied within friction theory whereas the overestimation of trapping constitutes a genuine breakdown of electronic friction theory. Addressing this overestimation for dynamic processes in catalysis and surface chemistry will likely require more sophisticated theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor
L. Box
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yaolong Zhang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry
and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rongrong Yin
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry
and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry
and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Reinhard J. Maurer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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25
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Lee SW, Kim JM, Park W, Lee H, Lee GR, Jung Y, Jung YS, Park JY. Controlling hot electron flux and catalytic selectivity with nanoscale metal-oxide interfaces. Nat Commun 2021; 12:40. [PMID: 33397946 PMCID: PMC7782808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between metal and oxides is an important molecular-level factor that influences the selectivity of a desirable reaction. Therefore, designing a heterogeneous catalyst where metal-oxide interfaces are well-formed is important for understanding selectivity and surface electronic excitation at the interface. Here, we utilized a nanoscale catalytic Schottky diode from Pt nanowire arrays on TiO2 that forms a nanoscale Pt-TiO2 interface to determine the influence of the metal-oxide interface on catalytic selectivity, thereby affecting hot electron excitation; this demonstrated the real-time detection of hot electron flow generated under an exothermic methanol oxidation reaction. The selectivity to methyl formate and hot electron generation was obtained on nanoscale Pt nanowires/TiO2, which exhibited ~2 times higher partial oxidation selectivity and ~3 times higher chemicurrent yield compared to a diode based on Pt film. By utilizing various Pt/TiO2 nanostructures, we found that the ratio of interface to metal sites significantly affects the selectivity, thereby enhancing chemicurrent yield in methanol oxidation. Density function theory (DFT) calculations show that formation of the Pt-TiO2 interface showed that selectivity to methyl formate formation was much larger in Pt nanowire arrays than in Pt films because of the different reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Intelligent Sustainable Material R&D Group, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Rac Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Bauer B, Bravyi S, Motta M, Chan GKL. Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Chemistry and Quantum Materials Science. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12685-12717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bela Bauer
- Microsoft Quantum, Station Q, University of California
, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sergey Bravyi
- IBM Quantum, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Mario Motta
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research Almaden
, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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27
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Serwatka T, Füchsel G, Tremblay JC. Scattering of NO(ν = 3) from Au(111): a stochastic dissipative quantum dynamical perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6584-6594. [PMID: 32159168 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a theoretical study of the scattering dynamics of NO(ν = 3) from an ideal unreconstructed Au(111) surface. The simulations are performed in reduced dimensions at the three high-symmetry sites employing our recent modification to the stochastic wave packet approach for diatomic-metal scattering [J. Chem. Phys., 2019, 150, 184105]. Energy exchange between molecular vibrational degrees of freedom and the electron-hole pairs (EHP) of the metal is accounted for by quantized stochastic jump operators, with associated rates obtained from a microscopic model based on Fermi's golden rule. The simulations are found to reproduce the experimentally observed trend of enhanced vibrational relaxation probabilities with increasing initial translational energy. Molecular dynamics simulations with electronic friction (MDEF) in the independent atom approximation were performed to compare classical and quantum dynamical descriptions of that system. Significant differences between these two descriptions were found indicating that intermode coupling must be described accurately by using a good potential energy surface, and pointing out at the potentially important influence of a quantized description of energy relaxation in describing the scattering of NO from Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Serwatka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Germany.
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28
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Dyck O, Lingerfelt D, Kim S, Jesse S, Kalinin SV. Direct matter disassembly via electron beam control: electron-beam-mediated catalytic etching of graphene by nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:245303. [PMID: 32160595 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7ef8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report electron-beam activated motion of a catalytic nanoparticle along a graphene step edge and associated etching of the edge. The catalytic hydrogenation process was observed to be activated by a combination of elevated temperature and electron beam irradiation. Reduction of beam fluence on the particle was sufficient to stop the process, leading to the ability to switch on and off the etching. Such an approach enables the targeting of individual nanoparticles to induce motion and beam-controlled etching of matter through activated electrocatalytic processes. The applications of electron-beam control as a paradigm for molecular-scale robotics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Dyck
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
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29
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Smith B, Akimov AV. Modeling nonadiabatic dynamics in condensed matter materials: some recent advances and applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:073001. [PMID: 31661681 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments in the field of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD), with particular attention given to condensed-matter systems. NA-MD simulations for small molecular systems can be performed using high-level electronic structure (ES) calculations, methods accounting for the quantization of nuclear motion, and using fewer approximations in the dynamical methodology itself. Modeling condensed-matter systems imposes many limitations on various aspects of NA-MD computations, requiring approximations at various levels of theory-from the ES, to the ways in which the coupling of electrons and nuclei are accounted for. Nonetheless, the approximate treatment of NA-MD in condensed-phase materials has gained a spin lately in many applied studies. A number of advancements of the methodology and computational tools have been undertaken, including general-purpose methods, as well as those tailored to nanoscale and condensed matter systems. This review summarizes such methodological and software developments, puts them into the broader context of existing approaches, and highlights some of the challenges that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States of America
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30
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Galparsoro O, Kaufmann S, Auerbach DJ, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM. First principles rates for surface chemistry employing exact transition state theory: application to recombinative desorption of hydrogen from Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17532-17539. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present first principles calculations of the reactive flux for thermal recombinative desorption of hydrogen from Cu(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Galparsoro
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
| | - Sven Kaufmann
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
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31
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Zhu L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhou X, Jiang B. Unified and transferable description of dynamics of H2 dissociative adsorption on multiple copper surfaces via machine learning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13958-13964. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schematic of the developed neural network potential energy surface enabling a unified and transferable description of dynamics of H2 dissociative adsorption on multiple copper surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xueyao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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32
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Rodríguez-Fernández A, Bonnet L, Crespos C, Larrégaray P, Díez Muiño R. When Classical Trajectories Get to Quantum Accuracy: The Scattering of H 2 on Pd(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7629-7635. [PMID: 31774684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When elementary reactive processes occur at such low energies that only a few states of reactants and/or products are available, quantum effects strongly manifest and the standard description of the dynamics within the classical framework fails. We show here, for H2 scattering on Pd(111), that by pseudoquantizing in the spirit of Bohr the relevant final actions of the system, along with adequately treating the diffraction-mediated trapping of the incoming wave, classical simulations achieve an unprecedented agreement with state-of-the-art quantum dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodríguez-Fernández
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM , UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence , France
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - L Bonnet
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM , UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence , France
- CNRS, ISM , UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence , France
| | - C Crespos
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM , UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence , France
- CNRS, ISM , UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence , France
| | - P Larrégaray
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM , UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence , France
- CNRS, ISM , UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence , France
| | - R Díez Muiño
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
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33
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Cremers T, Chefdeville S, Bakker JM, Leo Meerts W, van de Meerakker SYT. Direct excitation of the spin-orbit forbidden X2π 3/2 ← X2π 1/2 transition in NO using the intra-cavity free electron laser FELICE. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1589008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Cremers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon Chefdeville
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - W. Leo Meerts
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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34
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Park GB, Kitsopoulos TN, Borodin D, Golibrzuch K, Neugebohren J, Auerbach DJ, Campbell CT, Wodtke AM. The kinetics of elementary thermal reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Zhang L, Truhlar DG, Sun S. Full-dimensional three-state potential energy surfaces and state couplings for photodissociation of thiophenol. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linyao Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Shaozeng Sun
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Kumar S, Jiang H, Schwarzer M, Kandratsenka A, Schwarzer D, Wodtke AM. Vibrational Relaxation Lifetime of a Physisorbed Molecule at a Metal Surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:156101. [PMID: 31702291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.156101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous measurements of vibrational relaxation lifetimes for molecules adsorbed at metal surfaces yielded values of 1-3 ps; however, only chemisorbed molecules have been studied. We report the first measurements of the vibrational relaxation lifetime of a molecule physisorbed to a metal surface. For CO(v=1) adsorbed on Au(111) at 35 K the vibrational lifetime of the excited stretching mode is 49±3 ps. The long lifetime seen here is likely to be a general feature of physisorption, which involves weaker electronic coupling between the adsorbate and the solid due to bonding at larger distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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37
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Yin R, Zhang Y, Jiang B. Strong Vibrational Relaxation of NO Scattered from Au(111): Importance of the Adiabatic Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5969-5974. [PMID: 31538787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Experimental observations of multiquantum relaxation of highly vibrationally excited NO scattering from Au(111) are a benchmark for the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecule-surface systems. This remarkable vibrational inelasticity was long thought to be almost exclusively mediated by electron transfer; however, no theories have quantitatively reproduced various experimental data. This was suggested to be due to errors in the adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) used in those studies. Here, we investigate electronically adiabatic molecular dynamics of this system with a globally accurate high-dimensional PES that is newly developed with neural networks from first principles. The NO vibrational energy loss is much larger than that on the earlier adiabatic PES. Additionally, the translational inelasticity and translational energy dependence of vibrational inelasticity are also more accurately reproduced. There is reason to be optimistic that electronically nonadiabatic theories using this adiabatic PES as a starting point might accurately reproduce experimental results on this important system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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38
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Park GB, Krüger BC, Borodin D, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. Fundamental mechanisms for molecular energy conversion and chemical reactions at surfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:096401. [PMID: 31304916 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab320e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The dream of theoretical surface chemistry is to predict the outcome of reactions in order to find the ideal catalyst for a certain application. Having a working ab initio theory in hand would not only enable these predictions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of surface reactions. The development of theoretical models can be assisted by experimental studies providing benchmark data. Though for some reactions a quantitative agreement between experimental observations and theoretical calculations has been achieved, theoretical surface chemistry is in general still far away from gaining predictive power. Here we review recent experimental developments towards the understanding of surface reactions. It is demonstrated how quantum-state resolved scattering experiments on reactive and nonreactive systems can be used to test front-running theoretical approaches. Two challenges for describing dynamics at surfaces are addressed: nonadiabaticity in diatomic molecule surface scattering and the increasing system size when observing and describing the dynamics of polyatomic molecules at surfaces. Finally recent experimental studies on reactive systems are presented. It is shown how elementary steps in a complex surface reaction can be revealed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barratt Park
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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39
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40
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Tao G. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Hydrogen Diffusion on Cu(001): Classical Mapping Model with Multistate Projection Window in Real Space. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2127-2135. [PMID: 31254426 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion of atomic hydrogen on metallic surfaces is a longstanding research topic of both fundamental and practical interests. However, full understanding of the microscopic mechanisms and development of effective strategy for surface dynamics control at the molecular level remain elusive. In this paper, we propose a new nonadiabatic multistate model for surface diffusion based on a real space decomposition scheme by generalizing the classical mapping theory of Meyer and Miller. The model suggests a general multistate perspective on real-time surface dynamics by mapping it into spatially disjointed windowing functions, which feature the explicit nonadiabatic controllability. Within this framework, the first nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation is performed for atomic hydrogen diffusion on the Cu(001) surface, and the nonequilibrium effect of lattice distortion is studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Tao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials by Design, Peking University, Shenzhen, China, 518055
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41
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Spiering P, Shakouri K, Behler J, Kroes GJ, Meyer J. Orbital-Dependent Electronic Friction Significantly Affects the Description of Reactive Scattering of N 2 from Ru(0001). J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2957-2962. [PMID: 31088059 PMCID: PMC6558642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electron-hole pair (ehp) excitation is thought to substantially affect the dynamics of molecules on metal surfaces, but it is not clear whether this can be better addressed by orbital-dependent friction (ODF) or the local density friction approximation (LDFA). We investigate the effect of ehp excitation on the dissociative chemisorption of N2 on and its inelastic scattering from Ru(0001), which is the benchmark system of highly activated dissociation, with these two different models. ODF is in better agreement with the best experimental estimates for the reaction probabilities than LDFA, yields results for vibrational excitation in better agreement with experiment, but slightly overestimates the translational energy loss during scattering. N2 on Ru(0001) is thus the first system for which the ODF and LDFA approaches are shown to yield substantially different results for easily accessible experimental observables, including reaction probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Spiering
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Khosrow Shakouri
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Behler
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Meyer
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
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42
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Zheng Q, Chu W, Zhao C, Zhang L, Guo H, Wang Y, Jiang X, Zhao J. Ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics investigations on the excited carriers in condensed matter systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Zheng
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Weibin Chu
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chuanyu Zhao
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Lili Zhang
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Hongli Guo
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro‐ and Nano‐structures of Ministry of Education Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yanan Wang
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Jin Zhao
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly‐Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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43
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Füchsel G, Zhou X, Jiang B, Juaristi JI, Alducin M, Guo H, Kroes GJ. Reactive and Nonreactive Scattering of HCl from Au(111): An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:2287-2299. [PMID: 30740194 PMCID: PMC6366682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The HCl + Au(111) system has recently become a benchmark for highly activated dissociative chemisorption, which presumably is strongly affected by electron-hole pair excitation. Previous dynamics calculations, which were based on density functional theory at the generalized gradient approximation level (GGA-DFT) for the molecule-surface interaction, have all overestimated measured reaction probabilities by at least an order of magnitude. Here, we perform ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and AIMD with electronic friction (AIMDEF) calculations employing a density functional that includes the attractive van der Waals interaction. Our calculations model the simultaneous and possibly synergistic effects of surface temperature, surface atom motion, electron-hole pair excitation, the molecular beam conditions of the experiments, and the van der Waals interaction on the reactivity. We find that reaction probabilities computed with AIMDEF and the SRP32-vdW functional still overestimate the measured reaction probabilities, by a factor 18 for the highest incidence energy at which measurements were performed (≈2.5 eV). Even granting that the experiment could have underestimated the sticking probability by about a factor three, this still translates into a considerable overestimation of the reactivity by the current theory. Likewise, scaled transition probabilities for vibrational excitation from ν = 1, j = 1 to ν = 2 are overestimated by the AIMDEF theory, by factors 3-8 depending on the initial conditions modeled. Energy losses to the surface and translational energy losses are, however, in good agreement with experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Füchsel
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie—Physikalische und Theoretische
Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail: (G.F.)
| | - Xueyao Zhou
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J. Iñaki Juaristi
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Facultad
de Químicas (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maite Alducin
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hua Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University
of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Phone: +31 (0)71 527
4396 (G.-J.K.)
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44
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Miao G, Ouyang W, Subotnik J. A comparison of surface hopping approaches for capturing metal-molecule electron transfer: A broadened classical master equation versus independent electron surface hopping. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041711. [PMID: 30709317 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a generalized Anderson-Holstein model, we investigate electron transfer rates using two different surface hopping algorithms: a broadened classical master equation (BCME) and independent electron surface hopping (IESH). We find that for large enough bandwidth and density of one electron states, and in the presence of external friction, the IESH results converge to the BCME results for impurity-bath model systems, recovering both relaxation rates and equilibrium populations. Without external friction, however, the BCME and IESH results can strongly disagree, and preliminary evidence suggests that IESH does not always recover the correct equilibrium state. Finally, we also demonstrate that adding an electronic thermostat to IESH does help drive the metallic substrate to the correct equilibrium state, but this improvement can sometimes come at the cost of worse short time dynamics. Overall, our results should be of use for all computational chemists looking to model either gas phase scattering or electrochemical dynamics at a metal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohan Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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45
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Zhou X, Jiang B. A modified generalized Langevin oscillator model for activated gas-surface reactions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:024704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5078541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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46
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Wagner RJV, Krüger BC, Park GB, Wallrabe M, Wodtke AM, Schäfer T. Electron transfer mediates vibrational relaxation of CO in collisions with Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1650-1655. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report vibrational relaxation probabilities for CO(v = 17) scattered from Ag(111) and compare our results to studies on other molecule–surface systems, which indicates a clear dependence of the relaxation probability on the work function of the surface and the electron binding energy of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman J. V. Wagner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen
- 37077 Goettingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Goettingen
| | - Bastian C. Krüger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen
- 37077 Goettingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Goettingen
| | - G. Barratt Park
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen
- 37077 Goettingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Goettingen
| | - Mareike Wallrabe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen
- 37077 Goettingen
- Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen
- 37077 Goettingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Goettingen
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen
- 37077 Goettingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Goettingen
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47
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Chen L, Lau JA, Schwarzer D, Meyer J, Verma VB, Wodtke AM. The Sommerfeld ground-wave limit for a molecule adsorbed at a surface. Science 2018; 363:158-161. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using a mid-infrared emission spectrometer based on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we observed the dynamics of vibrational energy pooling of carbon monoxide (CO) adsorbed at the surface of a sodium chloride (NaCl) crystal. After exciting a majority of the CO molecules to their first vibrationally excited state (v = 1), we observed infrared emission from states up to v = 27. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations showed that vibrational energy collects in a few CO molecules at the expense of those up to eight lattice sites away by selective excitation of NaCl’s transverse phonons. The vibrating CO molecules behave like classical oscillating dipoles, losing their energy to NaCl lattice vibrations via the electromagnetic near-field. This is analogous to Sommerfeld’s description of radio transmission along Earth’s surface by ground waves.
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48
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Lee H, Lim J, Lee C, Back S, An K, Shin JW, Ryoo R, Jung Y, Park JY. Boosting hot electron flux and catalytic activity at metal-oxide interfaces of PtCo bimetallic nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2235. [PMID: 29884825 PMCID: PMC5993833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies, the origin of the enhanced catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) remains elusive because of the ever-changing surface structures, compositions, and oxidation states of NPs under reaction conditions. An effective strategy for obtaining critical clues for the phenomenon is real-time quantitative detection of hot electrons induced by a chemical reaction on the catalysts. Here, we investigate hot electrons excited on PtCo bimetallic NPs during H2 oxidation by measuring the chemicurrent on a catalytic nanodiode while changing the Pt composition of the NPs. We reveal that the presence of a CoO/Pt interface enables efficient transport of electrons and higher catalytic activity for PtCo NPs. These results are consistent with theoretical calculations suggesting that lower activation energy and higher exothermicity are required for the reaction at the CoO/Pt interface. The real-time quantitative detection of hot electrons provides critical clues to understand the origin of the enhanced catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). Here, the authors investigate hot electrons generated on bimetallic PtCo NPs during H2 oxidation by measuring the chemicurrent on a catalytic nanodiode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Lim
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoin Back
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin An
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shin
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Nedrygailov II, Lee H, Lee SW, Park JY. Hot electron generation on metal catalysts under surface reaction: Principles, devices, and application. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Lee H, Nedrygailov II, Lee SW, Park JY. Isotope Effect of Hot Electrons Generated on Pt Nanoparticle Surfaces Under H2 and D2 Oxidation. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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