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Mishra S, Patra S. Aqueous emissive cyclometalated iridium photoreductants: synthesis, computational analysis and the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8214-8222. [PMID: 38618673 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present luminescent mononuclear iridium complexes [1]3+-[4]3+ using NEt3-appended C^N chelating benzimidazole (L1-L4) and semi-flexible phenanthroline-pyrazine-based (phpy) ligands exhibiting photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of NEt3 in an aqueous medium. The formation of [1]3+-[4]3+ was confirmed by HRMS, 1H-1H COSY, and 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The complex [4]3+ is water soluble, whereas the others ([1]3+-[3]3+) are partially soluble. The complexes are luminescent in both CH3CN and H2O media. The DFT study reveals that the HOMO of [1]3+ resides on the C^N chelating benzimidazole and iridium center. However, it moves to the pyrazine-pyridine of the phpy unit in the case of [2]3+-[4]3+. The LUMOs are localized on the phenanthroline unit of phpy for all the complexes. This suggests an important role of the fluorine atom on electron density distribution. Spin density analysis demonstrates that the emission bands of the complexes arise from 3MLLCT states. The complex [4]3+ displays promising photocatalytic activity towards 4-NP photoreduction, whereas complexes [1]3+-[3]3+ exhibit lower reactivity. The mechanistic study suggests that the reaction proceeds through an oxidative quenching pathway, where 4-NP is reduced by accepting an electron from excited [Ir(III)] and gets oxidized to Ir(IV), which comes back to its original Ir(III) state by accepting an electron from the sacrificial electron donor NEt3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumyaranjan Mishra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni, Odisha-752050, India.
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni, Odisha-752050, India.
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2
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Klemt I, Varzatskii O, Selin R, Vakarov S, Kovalska V, Bila G, Bilyy R, Voloshin Y, Cuartero IC, Hidalgo A, Frey B, Becker I, Friedrich B, Tietze R, Friedrich RP, Alexiou C, Ursu EL, Rotaru A, Solymosi I, Pérez-Ojeda ME, Mokhir A. 3D-Shaped Binders of Unfolded Proteins Inducing Cancer Cell-Specific Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro and In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22252-22264. [PMID: 37773090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The amount of unfolded proteins is increased in cancer cells, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, cancer cells are sensitive to drugs capable of further enhancing ER stress. Examples of such drugs include the clinically approved proteosome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib. Unfortunately, the known ER stress inducers exhibit dose-limiting side effects that justify the search for better, more cancer-specific drugs of this type. Herein, we report on FeC 2, which binds to unfolded proteins prevents their further processing, thereby leading to ER stress and ROS increase in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. FeC 2 exhibits low micromolar toxicity toward human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, Burkitt's lymphoma BL-2, T-cell leukemia Jurkat, ovarian carcinoma A2780, lung cancer SK-MES-1, and murine lung cancer LLC1 cells. Due to the cancer-specific mode of action, 2 is not toxic in vivo up to the dose of 147 mg/kg, does not affect normal blood and bone marrow cells at the therapeutically active dose, but strongly suppresses both primary tumor growth (confirmed in Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma and LLC1 lung cancer models of murine tumor) and spreading of metastases (LLC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Klemt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oleg Varzatskii
- Princeton Biomolecular Research Laboratories, 26A Saperne Pole Street, 01042 Kyiv, Ukraine
- V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NASU, 32/34 Palladin Av., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Selin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhii Vakarov
- Princeton Biomolecular Research Laboratories, 26A Saperne Pole Street, 01042 Kyiv, Ukraine
- V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NASU, 32/34 Palladin Av., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslava Kovalska
- Princeton Biomolecular Research Laboratories, 26A Saperne Pole Street, 01042 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, 150 Zabolotnogo Street, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Bila
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Street 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Lectinotest R&D, Mechanichna Street 2, 79024 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Street 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Lectinotest R&D, Mechanichna Street 2, 79024 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yan Voloshin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 28 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Itziar Cossío Cuartero
- Program of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Program of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Translational Radiobiology, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 4A, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Becker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Translational Radiobiology, Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 4A, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstraße 10a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena-Laura Ursu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Rotaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iris Solymosi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Eugenia Pérez-Ojeda
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Mishra S, Tripathy SK, Paul D, Laha P, Santra MK, Patra S. Asymmetrically Coordinated Heterodimetallic Ir-Ru System: Synthesis, Computational, and Anticancer Aspects. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7003-7013. [PMID: 37097171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an unprecedented formation of a heterodinuclear complex [{(ppy)2IrIII}(μ-phpy){RuII(tpy)}](ClO4)2 {[1](ClO4)2} using terpyridyl/phenylpyridine as ancillary ligands and asymmetric phpy as a bridging ligand. The asymmetric binding mode (N∧N-∩-N∧N∧C-) of the phpy ligand in {[1](ClO4)2} is confirmed by 1H, 13C, 1H-1H correlated spectroscopy (COSY), high-resolution mass spectrum (HRMS), single-crystal X-ray crystallography techniques, and solution conductivity measurements. Theoretical investigation suggests that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the least unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of [1]2+ are located on iridium/ppy and phpy, respectively. The complex displays a broad low energy charge transfer (CT) band within 450-575 nm. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) analysis suggests this as a mixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT), where both ruthenium, iridium, and ligands are involved. Complex {[1](ClO4)2} exhibits RuIIIrIII/RuIIIIrIII- and RuIIIIrIII/RuIIIIrIV-based oxidative couples at 0.83 and 1.39 V, respectively. The complex shows anticancer activity and selectivity toward human breast cancer cells (IC50; MCF-7: 9.3 ± 1.2 μM, and MDA-MB-231: 8.6 ± 1.2 μM) over normal breast cells (MCF 10A: IC50 ≈ 21 ± 1.3 μM). The Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy images suggest that combined apoptosis and autophagy are responsible for cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumyaranjan Mishra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Suman Kumar Tripathy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Paltan Laha
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
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Wang X, Zhang C, Madji R, Voros C, Mazères S, Bijani C, Deraeve C, Cuvillier O, Gornitzka H, Maddelein ML, Hemmert C. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Iridium Complexes as Photosensitizers for In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy to Trigger Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020691. [PMID: 36677751 PMCID: PMC9861386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of seven novel iridium complexes were synthetized and characterized as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Among them, four complexes were evaluated in vitro for their anti-proliferative activity with and without irradiation on a panel of five cancer cell lines, namely PC-3 (prostate cancer), T24 (bladder cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer), A549 (lung cancer) and HeLa (cervix cancer), and two non-cancerous cell models (NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3 osteoblasts). After irradiation at 458 nm, all tested complexes showed a strong selectivity against cancer cells, with a selectivity index (SI) ranging from 8 to 34 compared with non-cancerous cells. The cytotoxic effect of all these complexes was found to be independent of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. The compound exhibiting the best selectivity, complex 4a, was selected for further investigations. Complex 4a was mainly localized in the mitochondria. We found that the loss of cell viability and the decrease in ATP and GSH content induced by complex 4a were independent of both Bcl-xL and caspase activation, leading to a non-apoptotic cell death. By counteracting the intrinsic or acquired resistance to apoptosis associated with cancer, complex 4a could be an interesting therapeutic alternative to be studied in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Chen Zhang
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ryma Madji
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Voros
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mazères
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraeve
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Marie-Lise Maddelein
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Catherine Hemmert
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
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Heterodimetallic Iridium-Rhenium System: Synthesis, Computational and Photocatalytic Aspects. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium (III) complex for H 2S-responsive intracellular redox regulation as potent photo-oxidation anticancer agent. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:641-651. [PMID: 36058946 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the safety and low toxicity, photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment has received extensive attention. However, the excess H2S in cancer cells reduces the PDT efficiency, because H2S indirectly depletes the reactive oxygen species (ROS). To improve anticancer efficiency, a mitochondria-targeted iridium(III) complex Ir-MMB has been developed as H2S consumer and photo-oxidation anticancer agent. On the one hand, complex Ir-MMB can consume H2S with sensitive phosphorescence turn-on, which has been successfully applied to exogenous and endogenous H2S response imaging in living cells. On the other hand, Ir-MMB can enhance its anticancer activity and cause photo-oxidation damage via catalyzing the oxidation of reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+ and producing H2O2 under light, and ultimately results in cell apoptosis through mitochondrial depolarization and ROS production.
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Novel 4-/5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes as highly potent anticancer and bioimaging agents. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Lu JJ, Ma XR, Xie K, Yang PX, Li RT, Ye RR. Novel heterobimetallic Ir(III)-Re(I) complexes: design, synthesis and antitumor mechanism investigation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7907-7917. [PMID: 35535974 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reasonable design of binuclear or multinuclear metal complexes has demonstrated their potential advantages in the anticancer field. Herein, three heterobimetallic Ir(III)-Re(I) complexes, [Ir(C^N)2LRe(CO)3DIP](PF6)2 (C^N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, in IrRe-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, in IrRe-2) and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, in IrRe-3); L = pyridylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline; DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), were designed and synthesized. The heterobimetallic IrRe-1-3 complexes show pH-sensitive emission properties, which can be used for specific imaging of lysosomes. Additionally, IrRe-1-3 display higher cytotoxicity against tested tumor cell lines than the clinical chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Further mechanisms indicate that IrRe-1-3 can induce apoptosis and autophagy, increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarize the mitochondrial membrane (MMP), block the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and inhibit cell migration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the synthesis of heterobimetallic Ir(III)-Re(I) complexes with superior anticancer activities and evaluation of their anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Pei-Xin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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Liu B, Chen Z, Li Y, Du XF, Zhang W, Zhang W, Lai Y, Li Y. Brominated cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes for mitochondrial immobilization as potential anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7650-7657. [PMID: 35510904 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted iridium complexes for anticancer studies have received increasing attention in recent years. Herein, three cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes Ir1-Ir3 [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)](PF6) (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy)) or 2-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (bpybt); [N^C = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) or 2-phenylquinoline (pq) or 2-(4-bromophenyl)benzo[d]thiazole (bpbt)] had been explored as potential mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. All of the complexes mainly localized in the mitochondria and could be fixed on the mitochondria through a nucleophilic reaction with reactive mitochondrial proteins. Further studies revealed that these complexes showed high anticancer activity, induced mitochondrial depolarization, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, restrained thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity, and inhibited the formation of tumor cell colonies and angiogenesis. Further mechanistic studies showed that complex Ir2 could markedly stimulate the activation of caspase-3, regulate the expression of Bax and KI67, and trigger apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Zhiyin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Xiang-Fu Du
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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Tuning the emission maxima of iridium systems using benzimidazole-based cyclometallating framework. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex-Cationic Peptide Hybrids Trigger Paraptosis in Cancer Cells via an Intracellular Ca 2+ Overload from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and a Decrease in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227028. [PMID: 34834120 PMCID: PMC8623854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous paper, we reported that amphiphilic Ir complex–peptide hybrids (IPHs) containing basic peptides such as KK(K)GG (K: lysine, G: glycine) (e.g., ASb-2) exhibited potent anticancer activity against Jurkat cells, with the dead cells showing a strong green emission. Our initial mechanistic studies of this cell death suggest that IPHs would bind to the calcium (Ca2+)–calmodulin (CaM) complex and induce an overload of intracellular Ca2+, resulting in the induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death. In this work, we conduct a detailed mechanistic study of cell death induced by ASb-2, a typical example of IPHs, and describe how ASb-2 induces paraptotic programmed cell death in a manner similar to that of celastrol, a naturally occurring triterpenoid that is known to function as a paraptosis inducer in cancer cells. It is suggested that ASb-2 (50 µM) induces ER stress and decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), thus triggering intracellular signaling pathways and resulting in cytoplasmic vacuolization in Jurkat cells (which is a typical phenomenon of paraptosis), while the change in ΔΨm values is negligibly induced by celastrol and curcumin. Other experimental data imply that both ASb-2 and celastrol induce paraptotic cell death in Jurkat cells, but this induction occurs via different signaling pathways.
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Yang Y, Wang CM, Pan FH, Qin QP, Xie QJ, Chen Q, Liang H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of mixed-ligand cyclometalated iridium(III)-quinoline complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16273-16280. [PMID: 34730150 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of gaining new insight into the underlying apoptosis mechanisms and in vivo efficacy of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes as metalodrugs, six new cyclometalated Ir(III)-quinoline complexes, [Ir(1a)(2pq)2] (2a), [Ir(1b)(2pq)2] (2b), [Ir(1c)(2pq)2] (2c), [Ir(1d)(2pq)2] (2d), [Ir(1e)(2pq)2] (2e), and [Ir(1f)(2pq)2] (2f) (2pq = 2-phenylisoquinoline), have been synthesized using 5,7-dihalo-8-hydroxylquinoline ligands (1a-1f) and [Ir(2pq)2Cl]2 precursors and characterized. Complexes 2a-2f have shown potent anticancer activity against cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP and A549/DDP cells (IC50 = 0.11-1.83 μM), following the order 2e > 2f > 2b > 2c > 2d > 2a. Confocal microscopy images suggest that 2e and 2b could act as red-color probes for specific cell imaging and efficiently initiate apoptosis and autophagy in the mitochondria, cell cytosol, and nucleus. Overexpression of beclin1, caspase-9, cytochrome c, LC3II, and apaf-1; inhibition of p62, cyclin D1, cyclin A2, and CDK2; and a substantial rapid accumulation suggest a paraptotic mode of cell death induced by autophagy, DNA damage, and mitochondrial stress. In addition, the inhibitory rate of 2e on A549/DDP tumor growth was 64.1% at a concentration of 10.0 mg kg-1, which is clearly higher than that of cisplatin. According to the biological assay, the cyclometalated Ir(III)-quinoline complex 2e exhibited a higher anticancer effect than 2b, which may be associated with the electronic effect of the methyl group of the 1e ligand of 2e playing a key role in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng-Ming Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P. R. China.
| | - Feng-Hua Pan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Ji Xie
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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15
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Zhang H, Tian L, Xiao R, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hao J, Liu Y, Wang J. Anticancer effect evaluation in vitro and in vivo of iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes targeting DNA and mitochondria. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105290. [PMID: 34426145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the antitumor effect of iridium complexes, three iridium (III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2(dcdppz)]PF6 (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, dcdppz = 11,12-dichlorodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (Ir1), [Ir(bzq)2(dcdppz)]PF6 (bzq = benzo[h]quinoline) (Ir2) and [Ir(piq)2(dcdppz)]PF6 (piq = 1-phenylisoquinoline) (Ir3) were synthesized and characterized. Geometry optimization, molecular dynamics simulation and docking studies have been performed to further explore the antitumor mechanism. The cytotoxicity of Ir1-3 toward cancer cells was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The localization of complexes Ir1-3 in the mitochondria, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and morphological changes in apoptosis were investigated. Flow cytometry was applied to quantify fluorescence intensity and determine cell cycle distribution. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The anti-tumor effect of Ir1 in vivo was evaluated. The results showed that Ir1-3 had high cytotoxicity to most tumor cells, especially to SGC-7901 cells with a low IC50 value. Ir1-3 can increase the intracellular ROS levels, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, the complexes induce an increase of apoptosis-related protein expression, enhance the percentage of apoptosis. The complexes inhibit the cell proliferation at G0/G1 phase. The results obtained from antitumor in vivo indicate that Ir1 can significantly inhibit the growth of tumors with an inhibitory rate of 54.08%. The docking studies show that complexes Ir1-3 interact with DNA through minor-groove intercalation, which increases the distance of DNA base pairs, leading to a change of DNA helix structure. These experimental and theoretical findings indicate that complexes Ir1-3 can induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through the mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage pathways, and then exerting anti-tumor activity in vitro and vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rongxing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Juping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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16
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Gu Y, Wen H, Bai L, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Zhang Y, Hao J, Liu Y. Exploring anticancer efficiency of mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 212:111215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Tandem α/β-alkylation and transfer hydrogenation by heterodimetallic ruthenium-iridium complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Guan R, Xie L, Ji L, Chao H. Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes for Anticancer Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lina Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology 400201 Xiangtan P. R. China
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Rao RN, Panchangam RL, Manickam V, Balamurali MM, Chanda K. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Cyclometalated
2H‐
Indazole Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Complexes. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1800-1812. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Nishanth Rao
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced ScienceVellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Rajeeva Lochana Panchangam
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Biosciences and TechnologyVellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Biosciences and TechnologyVellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Musuvathi Motilal Balamurali
- Chemistry DivisionSchool of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai 600127 India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced ScienceVellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
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Marker SC, King AP, Granja S, Vaughn B, Woods JJ, Boros E, Wilson JJ. Exploring the In Vivo and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Rhenium Isonitrile Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10285-10303. [PMID: 32633531 PMCID: PMC8114230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The established platinum-based drugs form covalent DNA adducts to elicit their cytotoxic response. Although they are widely employed, these agents cause toxic side-effects and are susceptible to cancer-resistance mechanisms. To overcome these limitations, alternative metal complexes containing the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl core have been explored as anticancer agents. Based on a previous study ( Chem. Eur. J. 2019, 25, 9206), a series of highly active tricarbonyl rhenium isonitrile polypyridyl (TRIP) complexes of the general formula fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(ICN)]+, where NN is a chelating diimine and ICN is an isonitrile ligand, that induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway are investigated. A total of 11 of these TRIP complexes were synthesized, modifying both the equatorial polypyridyl and axial isonitrile ligands. Complexes with more electron-donating equatorial ligands were found to have greater anticancer activity, whereas the axial ICN ligands had a smaller effect on their overall potency. All 11 TRIP derivatives trigger a similar phenotype that is characterized by their abilities to induce ER stress and activate the UPR. Lastly, we explored the in vivo efficacy of one of the most potent complexes, fac-[Re(CO)3(dmphen)(ptolICN)]+ (TRIP-1a), where dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and ptolICN = para-tolyl isonitrile, in mice. The 99mTc congener of TRIP-1a was synthesized, and its biodistribution in BALB/c mice was investigated in comparison to the parent Re complex. The results illustrate that both complexes have similar biodistribution patterns, suggesting that 99mTc analogues of these TRIP complexes can be used as diagnostic partner agents. The in vivo antitumor activity of TRIP-1a was then investigated in NSG mice bearing A2780 ovarian cancer xenografts. When administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice weekly, this complex was able to inhibit tumor growth and prolong mouse survival by 150% compared to the vehicle control cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra C. Marker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - A. Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha Granja
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brett Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Joshua J. Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell, University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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21
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Chen ZL, Zou BQ, Qin QP, Wang ZF, Tan MX, Huang XL, Liang CJ, Liang H. Cyclometallated iridium(III)-5-bromo-8-quinolinol complexes as mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Meng T, Qin QP, Chen ZL, Zou HH, Wang K, Liang FP. Cyclometalated Ir(III)-8-oxychinolin complexes acting as red-colored probes for specific mitochondrial imaging and anticancer drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112192. [PMID: 32146374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new class of luminescent IrIII antitumor agents, namely, [Ir(CP1)(PY1)2] (Ir-1), [Ir(CP1)(PY2)2] (Ir-2), [Ir(CP1)(PY4)2] (Ir-3), [Ir(CP2)(PY1)2] (Ir-4), [Ir(CP2)(PY4)2] (Ir-5), [Ir(CP3)(PY1)2]⋅CH3OH (Ir-6), [Ir(CP4)(PY4)2]⋅CH3OH (Ir-7), [Ir(CP5)(PY2)2] (Ir-8), [Ir(CP5)(PY4)2]⋅CH3OH (Ir-9), [Ir(CP6)(PY1)2] (Ir-10), [Ir(CP6)(PY2)2]⋅CH3OH (Ir-11), [Ir(CP6)(PY3)2] (Ir-12), [Ir(CP6)(PY41)2] (Ir-13), and [Ir(CP7)(PY1)2] (Ir-14), supported by 8-oxychinolin derivatives and 1-phenylpyrazole ligands was prepared. Compared with SK-OV-3/DDP and HL-7702 cells, the Ir-1-Ir-14 compounds exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values within the high nanomolar range (50 nM-10.99 μM) in HeLa cells. In addition, Ir-1 and Ir-3 accumulated and stained the mitochondrial inner membrane of HeLa cells with high selectivity and exhibited a high antineoplastic activity in the entire cervical HeLa cells, with IC50 values of 1.22 ± 0.36 μM and 0.05 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. This phenomenon induced mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that these cyclometalated IrIII complexes can be potentially used in biomedical imaging and Ir(III)-based anticancer drugs. Furthermore, the high cytotoxicity activity of Ir-3 is correlated with the 1-phenylpyrazole (H-PY4) secondary ligands in the luminescent IrIII antitumor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China; Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China.
| | - Zi-Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Hua-Hong Zou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fu-Pei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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23
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Bai L, Fei WD, Gu YY, He M, Du F, Zhang WY, Yang LL, Liu YJ. Liposomes encapsulated iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes enhance anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:111014. [PMID: 32044395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three iridium(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2(CPIP)](PF6) (Ir-1, ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, CPIP = 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), [Ir(ppy)2(DCPIP)](PF6) (Ir-2, DCPIP = 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and [Ir(ppy)2(TCPIP)](PF6) (Ir-3, TCPIP = 2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized. The complexes Ir-1, Ir-2 and Ir-3 were encapsulated in liposomes to form Ir-1-Lipo, Ir-2-Lipo and Ir-3-Lipo. Morphology, size distribution, and zeta potential of liposomes were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zetasizer. The cytotoxic activity in vitro of Ir-1, Ir-2 and Ir-3 against cancer A549, HTC-116, HepG2, BEL-7402, Eca-109, B16, HeLa SGC-7901 and normal NIH3T3 cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Ir-2 and Ir-3 show no cytotoxic activity against the selected cancer cells, and Ir-1 displays moderate cytotoxic effect on the cell growth in A549 cells. However, Ir-1, Ir-2 and Ir-3 were encapsulated in liposomes, the cytotoxic activity was greatly enhanced. In particular, Ir-1-Lipo and Ir-2-Lipo can effectively inhibit the cell growth in A549 cells with a low IC50 value of 3.1 ± 0.3 and 1.2 ± 0.4 μM. The apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. Ir-1, Ir-2 and Ir-3 reveal weak apoptotic effect, whereas Ir-1-Lipo, Ir-2-Lipo and Ir-3-Lipo induce an apoptotic percentage of 55.6%, 69.3% and 16.7% in A549 cells, respectively. Specially, in the assay of antitumor activity in vivo, the inhibiting percentage of tumor growth induced by Ir-2 is 27.65%, while inhibiting percentage of tumor growth caused by Ir-2-Lipo is 57.45%. Obviously, the liposomes can enhance anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo compared with the complexes. The results show that the iridium(III) complexes encapsulated liposomes induce apoptosis in A549 cells through ROS-mediated lysosome-mitochondria dysfunction pathway and target the microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lin-Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, PR China.
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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25
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Qin LQ, Zou BQ, Qin QP, Wang ZF, Yang L, Tan MX, Liang CJ, Liang H. Highly cytotoxic, cyclometalated iridium(iii)-5-fluoro-8-quinolinol complexes as cancer cell mitochondriotropic agents. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ir-3 and Ir-4 kill HeLa cells and trigger caspase-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Zhen-Feng Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Chun-Jie Liang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- 1303 Jiaoyudong Road
- Yulin 537000
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
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26
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King AP, Wilson JJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: an arising target for metal-based anticancer agents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8113-8136. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal anticancer agents are rapidly emerging as selective, potent therapeutics that exhibit anticancer activity by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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27
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Qin WW, Pan ZY, Cai DH, Li Y, He L. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes for mitochondria-targeted combined chemo-photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3562-3569. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00180e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The potency of two anticancer iridium-based molecular compounds was greatly enhanced under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Dai-Hong Cai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
| | - Liang He
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
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28
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Du F, Bai L, He M, Zhang WY, Gu YY, Yin H, Liu YJ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of iridium(III) complexes as potential antitumor agents. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Zhang SQ, Meng TT, Li J, Hong F, Liu J, Wang Y, Gao LH, Zhao H, Wang KZ. Near-IR/Visible-Emitting Thiophenyl-Based Ru(II) Complexes: Efficient Photodynamic Therapy, Cellular Uptake, and DNA Binding. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14244-14259. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- College of Science, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Liu N, Lin L, Wang JQ, Zhang FK, Wang JP. Tetramethylpyrazine supplementation reduced Salmonella Typhimurium load and inflammatory response in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3158-3164. [PMID: 30895324 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study tested whether tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) supplementation could influence the growth performance, Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) load, inflammasomes, cytokines, and chemokines in broilers. Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial design, including negative control (NC), S. Typhimurium challenge (SC), and NC/SC + TMP (150 mg/kg of diet). The trial lasted for 28 D, and S. Typhimurium subclinical challenge was occurred on day 8. The results showed that S. Typhimurium challenge worsened (P < 0.05) growth performance, S. Typhimurium load in intestinal digesta and visceral tissues, intestinal inflammatory responses, and permeability compared to the NC treatment. TMP supplementation increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency by 4.3 to 12.0%, but decreased (P < 0.05) S. Typhimurium load by 5.4 to 45.8%, inflammasomes (caspase-1/3/9, gasdermin A/E, and nod-like receptor protein 3) by 25.0 to 59.0%, chemokines (C-C motif ligand 2 and C-X-C motif 10) by 40.2 to 47.2%, intestinal permeability by 28.2% compared to the SC treatment. The TMP also reduced inflammatory response by influencing tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β/4/6. Factorial analysis indicated that TMP and SC were interactive (P < 0.05) on most parameters due to the more pronounced TMP effect in S. Typhimurium challenge groups. It is concluded that TMP can promote growth and mitigate S. Typhimurium infection by reducing the S. Typhimurium load and inflammatory response in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liu
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - L Lin
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - J Q Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - F K Zhang
- Luoyang Xintai Agro-pastoral Technology Co., Ltd, Luoyang 471400, China
| | - J P Wang
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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31
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He M, Yi QY, Zhang WY, Bai L, Du F, Gu YY, Liu YJ, Wei P. Evaluation of anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo of iridium(iii) polypyridyl complexes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Three new iridium(iii) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized. The cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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32
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The induction of apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells by an iridium(III) complex through lysosome–mitochondria pathway. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Mukhopadhyay S, Singh RS, Paitandi RP, Sharma G, Koch B, Pandey DS. Influence of substituents on DNA and protein binding of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes and anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2018. [PMID: 28640302 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of terpyridyl based ligands 3-([2,2':6',2''-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-7-methoxy-2-(methylthio)-quinolone, (L1); 3-([2,2':6',2''-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-6-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one, (L2); 3-([2,2'-:6',2''-terpyridin]-4'-yl)-6-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (L3) and cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes [[Ir(ppy)2L1]+PF6- (1), [Ir(ppy)2L2]+PF6- (2), [Ir(ppy)2L3]+PF6- (3) (2-phenylpyridine = Hppy)] involving these ligands has been described. The ligands L1-L3 and complexes 1-3 have been thoroughly characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies (IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV/vis and fluorescence) ESI-MS, and the structure of 3 has been unambiguously authenticated by single crystal X-ray analyses. UV/vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies showed rather efficient binding of 1 with CT-DNA (calf thymus DNA) and BSA (bovine serum albumin) relative to 2 and 3. Molecular docking studies unveiled binding of 1-3 with minor groove of CT-DNA via van der Waal's forces and electrostatically with the hydrophobic moiety of HSA (human serum albumin). The ligands and complexes exhibited moderate cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cell line) and significant influence on HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) cells. Cytotoxicity, morphological changes, and apoptosis have been followed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay, Hoechst 33342/PI (PI = propidium iodide) staining, cell cycle analysis by FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting), and ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation by DCFH-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) dye. Confocal microscopy images revealed that the drug efficiently initiates apoptosis in the cell cytosol. The IC50 values showed superior cytotoxicity of 1-3 against the HeLa cell line relative to cisplatin, and their ability to induce apoptosis is in the order 1 > 2 > 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, U.P., India.
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35
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Patra N, Dehury N, Pal A, Behera A, Patra S. Preparation and mechanistic aspect of natural xanthone functionalized gold nanoparticle. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:439-445. [PMID: 29853110 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a facile scale up and shape variable synthesis of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and reaction mechanism by natural xanthone derivative (mangiferin) has been reported. Mangiferin (C19H18O11; 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-d-glucoside), a xanthone derivative is isolated from Mangifera indica L. leaves which efficiently reduces Au3+ ions to Au0 and stabilizes the formed AuNP. The structural, optical and plasmonic properties of synthesized AuNP have been investigated through different instrumental techniques like UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, powder XRD, FESEM and TEM analysis. It is observed that variation of the concentration of Au3+ ions and mangiferin has a great effect on controlling size and shape of nanoparticles. The role of reaction temperature is also notable. An interesting observation is that with same concentration ratio of HAuCl4/mangiferin (0.025 mM/0.002%) at the room temperature kidney shaped AuNP is produced, whereas it is spherical at boiling temperature. Moreover, mangiferin allows high scale synthesis of AuNPs (0.025 mM to 10 mM) without changing the particles size and shape. The mechanistic investigation through UV-Vis, FTIR and GCMS analyses reveal the cleavage of glucose unit and oxidation of phenolic OH groups during AuNP formation. Non-toxicity of mangiferin conjugated AuNP on normal human breast cell line (MCF-10A) suggesting its future application as a drug delivery system and other related medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Patra
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Dehury
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Abhisek Pal
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
| | - Anindita Behera
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India.
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36
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Zhang WY, Yi QY, Wang YJ, Du F, He M, Tang B, Wan D, Liu YJ, Huang HL. Photoinduced anticancer activity studies of iridium(III) complexes targeting mitochondria and tubules. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:568-584. [PMID: 29656200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Three new iridium (III) complexes [Ir (ppy)2 (ipbc)](PF6) (1), [Ir (bzq)2 (ipbc)](PF6) (2) and [Ir (piq)2 (ipbc)](PF6) (3) were designed and synthesized. All the complexes were tested for anticancer activity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenyltetraazolium bromide (MTT) method. The complexes show no cytotoxic activity toward cancer BEL-7402, SGC-7901, Eca-109, A549, HeLa and HepG2 cells. However, upon irradiation with white light, the complexes display high cytotoxicity against BEL-7402 cells with an IC50 value of 5.5 ± 0.8, 7.3 ± 1.3 and 11.5 ± 1.6 μM for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. AO/EB staining and comet assay show that the complexes can induce apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells. The complexes can increase intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels and cause a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Autophagic assays exhibit that the complexes can induce autophagy and regulate the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins. The cell cycle distribution in BEL-7402 cells was carried out by flow cytometry. The expression of Bcl-2 family proteins was studied by western blot. Additionally, the complexes can release cytochrome c and inhibit the polymerization of α-tubulin. Our study reveals that the complexes inhibit the cell growth in BEL-7402 cells through an ROS-mediated mitochondria dysfunction and targeting tubules pathways. These complexes are a promising new entity for the development of multi-target anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yao Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qian-Yan Yi
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Du
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Miao He
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dan Wan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topic Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hong-Liang Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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37
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Sreedharan S, Sinopoli A, Jarman PJ, Robinson D, Clemmet C, Scattergood PA, Rice CR, Smythe CGW, Thomas JA, Elliott PIP. Mitochondria-localising DNA-binding biscyclometalated phenyltriazole iridium(iii) dipyridophenazene complexes: syntheses and cellular imaging properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4931-4940. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New DNA-binding iridium(iii) complexes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Huddersfield
- Huddersfield
- UK
- Qatar Environmental & Energy Research Institute
| | - Paul. J. Jarman
- Department of Biomedical Science
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Darren Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Science
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | | | - Craig R. Rice
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Huddersfield
- Huddersfield
- UK
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38
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Konkankit CC, Marker SC, Knopf KM, Wilson JJ. Anticancer activity of complexes of the third row transition metals, rhenium, osmium, and iridium. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9934-9974. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A summary of recent developments on the anticancer activity of complexes of rhenium, osmium, and iridium is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sierra C. Marker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Kevin M. Knopf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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39
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He L, Wang KN, Zheng Y, Cao JJ, Zhang MF, Tan CP, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes induce mitochondria-derived paraptotic cell death and inhibit tumor growthin vivo. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6942-6953. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A potent anticancer Ir(iii) complex induces paraptotic cell death by causing mitochondrial dysfunction rapidly and inhibits tumor growth significantlyin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Kang-Nan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Fang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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40
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Laha P, De U, Chandra F, Dehury N, Khullar S, Kim HS, Patra S. Alkyl chain-modified cyclometalated iridium complexes as tunable anticancer and imaging agents. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15873-15881. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole-based cyclometalated iridium complexes [1]+–[5]+ have been developed displaying alkyl chain length dependent anticancer activity and imaging property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paltan Laha
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
- Jatni-752050
- India
| | - Umasankar De
- Division of Toxicology
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Falguni Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Niranjan Dehury
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
- Jatni-752050
- India
| | - Sadhika Khullar
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar
- Jalandhar – 144011
- India
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology
- School of Pharmacy
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
- Jatni-752050
- India
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41
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Knopf KM, Murphy BL, MacMillan SN, Baskin JM, Barr MP, Boros E, Wilson JJ. In Vitro Anticancer Activity and in Vivo Biodistribution of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Aqua Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14302-14314. [PMID: 28948792 PMCID: PMC8091166 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seven rhenium(I) complexes of the general formula fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(OH2)]+ where NN = 2,2'-bipyridine (8), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (9), 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine (10), dimethyl 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate (11), 1,10-phenanthroline (12), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (13), or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (14), were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. With the exception of 11, all complexes exhibited 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) values that were less than 20 μM in HeLa cells, indicating that these compounds represent a new potential class of anticancer agents. Complexes 9, 10, and 13 were as effective in cisplatin-resistant cells as wild-type cells, signifying that they circumvent cisplatin resistance. The mechanism of action of the most potent complex, 13, was explored further by leveraging its intrinsic luminescence properties to determine its intracellular localization. These studies indicated that 13 induces cytoplasmic vacuolization that is lysosomal in nature. Additional in vitro assays indicated that 13 induces cell death without causing an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species or depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Further studies revealed that the mode of cell death does not fall into one of the canonical categories such as apoptosis, necrosis, paraptosis, and autophagy, suggesting that a novel mode of action may be operative for this class of rhenium compounds. The in vivo biodistribution and metabolism of complex 13 and its 99mTc analogue 13* were also evaluated in naı̈ve mice. Complexes 13 and 13* exhibited comparable biodistribution profiles with both hepatic and renal excretion. High-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) analysis of mouse blood plasma and urine postadministration showed considerable metabolic stability of 13, rendering this potent complex suitable for in vivo applications. These studies have shown the biological properties of this class of compounds and demonstrated their potential as promising theranostic anticancer agents that can circumvent cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Knopf
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brendan L. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Martin P. Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eszter Boros
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13 Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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42
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Singha K, Laha P, Chandra F, Dehury N, Koner AL, Patra S. Long-Lived Polypyridyl Based Mononuclear Ruthenium Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Azo Dye Decomposition. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6489-6498. [PMID: 28509536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two mononuclear ruthenium complexes [(bpy)2RuIIL1/L2](ClO4)2 ([1]2+/[2]2+) (bpy-2,2' bipyridine, L1 = 2,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and L2 = 2,3-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterized using various analytical techniques. The complex [1]2+ has further been characterized by its single crystal X-ray structure suggesting ruthenium is coordinating through the N donors of phenanthroline end. Theoretical investigation suggests that the HOMOs of both complexes are composed of pyridine and pyrazine unit of ligands L1 and L2 whereas the LUMOs are formed by the contribution of bipyridine units. The low energy bands at ∼480 nm of the complexes can be assigned as MLCT with partial contribution from ligand transitions, whereas the rest are ligand centered. The complexes have shown RuII/RuIII oxidation couples at E1/2 at 1.26 (70 mV) V and 1.28 (62 mV) V for [1]2+ and [2]2+ vs Ag/AgCl, respectively, suggesting no significant role of distal thiophene or pyridine units of the ligands. The complexes are emissive and display solvent dependent emission properties. Both complexes have shown highest emission quantum yield and lifetime in DMSO (ϕ = 0.05 and τavg = 460 ns and λmaxem at 620 nm for [1]2+; ϕ = 0.043 and τavg = 425 ns and λmaxem at 635 nm for [2]2+). Further, the long luminescent lifetime of these complexes has been utilized to generate reactive oxygen species for efficient azo dye decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Singha
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar , Argul 752050, India
| | - Paltan Laha
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar , Argul 752050, India
| | - Falguni Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Niranjan Dehury
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar , Argul 752050, India
| | - Apurba L Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar , Argul 752050, India
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43
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Zhang C, Lai SH, Yang HH, Xing DG, Zeng CC, Tang B, Wan D, Liu YJ. Photoinduced ROS regulation of apoptosis and mechanism studies of iridium(iii) complex against SGC-7901 cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new iridium(iii) complex, Ir(ppy)2(FBPIP)]PF6 (Ir-1), was synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activity of the complex was investigated by cytotoxicity in vitro, apoptosis, cell invasion, autophagy, cell cycle arrest and western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shang-Hai Lai
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - De-Gang Xing
- School of Basic Course
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
| |
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