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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Barthélemy A, Scherer H, Krossing I. Direct Comparison of Subvalent, Polycationic Group 13 Cluster Compounds: Lessons learned on Isoelectronic DMPE Substituted Gallium and Indium Tetracation Salts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201369. [PMID: 35695015 PMCID: PMC9796046 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tetracationic, univalent cluster compounds [{M(dmpe)}4 ]4+ (M=Ga, In; dmpe=bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) were synthesized as their pf salts ([pf]- =[Al(ORF )4 ]- ; RF =C(CF3 )3 ). The four-membered ring in [{M(dmpe)}4 ]4+ is slightly puckered for M=Ga and almost square planar for M=In. Yet, although structurally similar, only the gallium cluster is prevalent in solution, while the indium cluster forms temperature dependent equilibria that include even the monomeric cation [In(dmpe)]+ . This system is the first report of one and the same ligand inducing formation of isoelectronic and isostructural gallium/indium cluster cations. The system allows to study systematically analogies and differences with thermodynamic considerations and bonding analyses, but also to outline perspectives for bond activation using cationic, subvalent group 13 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
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3
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Giusti L, Landaeta VR, Vanni M, Kelly JA, Wolf R, Caporali M. Coordination chemistry of elemental phosphorus. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Ruch AA, Ellison MC, Nguyen JK, Kong F, Handa S, Nesterov VN, Slaughter LM. Highly Sterically Encumbered Gold Acyclic Diaminocarbene Complexes: Overriding Electronic Control in Regiodivergent Gold Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Ruch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Matthew C. Ellison
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - John K. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078,United States
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - LeGrande M. Slaughter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
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5
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Drance MJ, Wang S, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Probing for Four-Coordinate Zerovalent Iron in a π-Acidic Ligand Field: A Functional Source of FeL4 Enabled by Labile Dinitrogen Binding. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myles J. Drance
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Ziegler CGP, Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Iron-Gallium and Cobalt-Gallium Tetraphosphido Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020; 646:552-557. [PMID: 32742039 PMCID: PMC7386938 DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two heterobimetallic complexes [K([18]crown-6){(η4-C14H10)Fe(μ-η4:η2-P4)Ga(nacnac)}] (1) (C14H10 = anthracene) and [K(dme)2{(η4-C14H10)Co(μ-η4:η2-P4)Ga(nacnac)}] (2) with strongly reduced P4 units is reported. Compounds 1 and 2 are prepared by reaction of the gallium(III) complex [(nacnac)Ga(η2-P4)] (nacnac = CH[CMeN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2) with bis(anthracene)ferrate(1-) and -cobaltate(1-) salts. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray crystallography and feature a P4 chain which binds to the transition metal atom via all four P atoms and to the gallium atom via the terminal P atoms. Multinuclear NMR studies on 2 suggest that the molecular structure is preserved in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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7
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Müller I, Munz D, Werncke CG. Reactions of Alkynes with Quasi-Linear 3d Metal(I) Silylamides of Chromium to Cobalt: A Comparative Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9521-9537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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8
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Modl M, Heinl S, Balázs G, Delgado Calvo F, Caporali M, Manca G, Keilwerth M, Meyer K, Peruzzini M, Scheer M. Metal‐Assisted Opening of Intact P
4
Tetrahedra. Chemistry 2019; 25:6300-6305. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Modl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie derUniversität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Heinl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie derUniversität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Gabor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie derUniversität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Maria Caporali
- CNR ICCOM Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Gabriele Manca
- CNR ICCOM Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Martin Keilwerth
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie derUniversität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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Abstract
The generation and handling of the light-sensitive and metastable yellow arsenic (As4) is extremely challenging. In view of recent breakthroughs in synthesizing As4 storage materials and transfer reagents, the more intensive use of yellow arsenic as a source for further reactions can be expected. Given these aspects, the current stage of knowledge of the direct use of As4 is comprehensively summarized in the present review, which lists the activation of As4 by main group elements as well as transition metal compounds (including the f-block elements). Moreover, it also partly compares the reaction outcomes in relation to the corresponding reactions of P4. The possibility of using alternative sources for generating arsenic moieties and compounds is also discussed. The release of As4 molecules from precursor compounds and the use of transfer reagents for polyarsenic entities open up new synthetic pathways to avoid the direct generation of yellow arsenic solutions and to ensure its smooth usage for subsequent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
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10
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Wu W, Solis-Ibarra D, Walker KL, Waymouth RM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Hydroxycyclopentadienyl Cobalt Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
| | - Katherine L. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
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11
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Mokhtarzadeh CC, Carpenter AE, Spence DP, Melaimi M, Agnew DW, Weidemann N, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Geometric and Electronic Structure Analysis of the Three-Membered Electron-Transfer Series [(μ-CNR)2[CpCo]2]n (n = 0, 1–, 2−) and Its Relevance to the Classical Bridging-Carbonyl System. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Mokhtarzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Alex E. Carpenter
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Daniel P. Spence
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
- UCSD-CNRS
Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Douglas W. Agnew
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Nils Weidemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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12
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Agnew DW, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Comparison of nucleophilic- and radical-based routes to the formation of manganese-main group element single bonds. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6700-6707. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01102d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One-electron activation of main-group substrates by a stable manganese metalloradical provides a facile pathway to Mn-element single bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Agnew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | | | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
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13
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Agnew DW, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Controlled cis Labilization of CO from Manganese(I) Mixed Carbonyl/Isocyanide Complexes: An Entry Point to Coordinatively Unsaturated Metallo-Lewis Acids. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Agnew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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