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Wang W, Sun J, Vallabhuneni S, Pawlowski B, Vahabi H, Nellenbach K, Brown AC, Scholle F, Zhao J, Kota AK. On-demand, remote and lossless manipulation of biofluid droplets. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2863-2871. [PMID: 36070425 PMCID: PMC9634865 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent global outbreaks of epidemics and pandemics have shown us that we are severely under-prepared to cope with infectious agents. Exposure to infectious agents present in biofluids (e.g., blood, saliva, urine etc.) poses a severe risk to clinical laboratory personnel and healthcare workers, resulting in hundreds of millions of hospital-acquired and laboratory-acquired infections annually. Novel technologies that can minimize human exposure through remote and automated handling of infectious biofluids will mitigate such risk. In this work, we present biofluid manipulators, which allow on-demand, remote and lossless manipulation of virtually any liquid droplet. Our manipulators are designed by integrating thermo-responsive soft actuators with superomniphobic surfaces. Utilizing our manipulators, we demonstrate on-demand, remote and lossless manipulation of biofluid droplets. We envision that our biofluid manipulators will not only reduce manual operations and minimize exposure to infectious agents, but also pave the way for developing inexpensive, simple and portable robotic systems, which can allow point-of-care operations, particularly in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jiefeng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Sravanthi Vallabhuneni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Benjamin Pawlowski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Hamed Vahabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Kimberly Nellenbach
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Frank Scholle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Wettability-based ultrasensitive detection of amphiphiles through directed concentration at disordered regions in self-assembled monolayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211042119. [PMID: 36252006 PMCID: PMC9618133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211042119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various forms of ecological monitoring and disease diagnosis rely upon the detection of amphiphiles, including lipids, lipopolysaccharides, and lipoproteins, at ultralow concentrations in small droplets. Although assays based on droplets' wettability provide promising options in some cases, their reliance on the measurements of surface and bulk properties of whole droplets (e.g., contact angles, surface tensions) makes it difficult to monitor trace amounts of these amphiphiles within small-volume samples. Here, we report a design principle in which self-assembled monolayer-functionalized microstructured surfaces coated with silicone oil create locally disordered regions within a droplet's contact lines to effectively concentrate amphiphiles within the areas that dominate the droplet static friction. Remarkably, such surfaces enable the ultrasensitive, naked-eye detection of amphiphiles through changes in the droplets' sliding angles, even when the concentration is four to five orders of magnitude below their critical micelle concentration. We develop a thermodynamic model to explain the partitioning of amphiphiles at the contact line by their cooperative association within the disordered, loosely packed regions of the self-assembled monolayer. Based on this local analyte concentrating effect, we showcase laboratory-on-a-chip surfaces with positionally dependent pinning forces capable of both detecting industrially and biologically relevant amphiphiles (e.g., bacterial endotoxins), as well as sorting aqueous droplets into discrete groups based on their amphiphile concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sliding behavior of amphiphile-laden aqueous droplets provides insight into the amphiphile's effective length, thereby allowing these surfaces to discriminate between analytes with highly disparate molecular sizes.
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Beshai J, DiSorbo T, Hutfles J, Segil J, Weir RFF, Pellegrino J. Cellulose-acetate coating of carbon cloth diffusion layer for liquid-fed fuel cell applications. JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2022; 542:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231739. [PMID: 37359107 PMCID: PMC10288559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Direct glucose fuel cells (DGFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) commonly supply the reducing agent in liquid (aq.) form. In this work, we present key characteristics of implementing cellulose acetate (CA) coatings, which can subsequently be deacetylated toward cellulose, on carbon cloth used as a fuel diffusion layer in aqueous fuel-fed cells. Specifically, we illustrate functionality with an abiotic glucose fuel cell. Carbon cloth with and without a CA coating (with varying deacetylation) was characterized in terms of liquid permeation rate, electronic conductivity, and roll-off angle wetting characteristics. Additionally, fuel cell power production was measured over a variety of fuel concentrations and alkalinities by generating polarization curve data. These coatings facilitated a significant increase in aqueous solution permeation and adhesion properties, as well as providing up to two-fold increases in maximum power generation in an alkaline DGFC, despite experiencing some decreased conductivity of the carbon cloth diffusion layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Beshai
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas DiSorbo
- Biomechatronics Development Laboratory, Dept of Bioengineering, University of Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Jacob Hutfles
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacob Segil
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard F. ff Weir
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Biomechatronics Development Laboratory, Dept of Bioengineering, University of Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - John Pellegrino
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Robust Super-Amphiphobic Titanium Surface for Liquid/Liquid Mini Separations. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Super-amphiphobic surface with low robustness is not suitable for practical application due to its weak mechanical strength. In this work, an in-site growth of micro-/nanoscale flower-like TiO2 on the surface of a titanium mesh was successfully fabricated through hydrothermal synthesis, followed by chemical modification with low-surface-energy heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl trichlorosilane. The resultant super-amphiphobic coating was highly repellent to all of the ethanol–water mixtures with surface tensions ranging over 26.0–72.8 mN/m, as well as excellent chemical and mechanical durability. After it was irradiated for 8 h with ultraviolet light, it was used for oil/water and oil/oil mini-separation with the help of its Janus characteristic. This was attributed to its unidirectional penetration for liquid droplets with different surface tension values. This kind of smart super-amphiphobic mesh with photochemical activity could potentially gate and sort liquids via surface tensions.
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Zhang Y, Wang N, Lu Z, Chen N, Cui C, Chen X. Smart Titanium Wire Used for the Evaluation of Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Interaction by In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072353. [PMID: 35408750 PMCID: PMC9000888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interaction individually between the sorbent and target compounds in sample pretreatment is a big challenge. Herein, a smart titanium substrate with switchable surface wettability was fabricated and selected as the sorbent for the solution. The titanium wires and meshes were fabricated by simple hydrothermal etching and chemical modification so as to construct the superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces. The micro/nano hierarchical structures of the formed TiO2 nanoparticles in situ on the surface of Ti substrates exhibited the switchable surface wettability. After UV irradiation for about 15.5 h, the superhydrophobic substrates became superhydrophilic. The morphologies and element composition of the wires were observed by SEM, EDS, and XRD, and their surface wettabilities were measured using the Ti mesh by contact angle goniometer. The pristine hydrophilic wire, the resulting superhydrophilic wire, superhydrophobic wire, and the UV-irradiated superhydrophilic wire were filled into a stainless tube as the sorbent instead of the sample loop of a six-port valve for on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction. When employed in conjunction with HPLC, four kinds of wires were comparatively applied to extract six estrogens in water samples. The optimal conditions for the preconcentration and separation of target compounds were obtained with a sample volume of 60 mL, an injection rate of 2 mL/min, a desorption time of 2 min, and a mobile phase of acetonile/water (47/53, v/v). The results showed that both the superhydrophilic wire and UV-irradiated wire had the highest extraction efficiency for the polar compounds of estrogens with the enrichment factors in the range of 20-177, while the superhydrophobic wire exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for the non-polar compounds of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). They demonstrated that extraction efficiency was mainly dependent on the surface wettability of the sorbent and the polarity of the target compounds, which was in accordance with the molecular theory of like dissolves like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (N.W.); (Z.L.); (N.C.); (C.C.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (N.W.); (Z.L.); (N.C.); (C.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (N.W.); (Z.L.); (N.C.); (C.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Na Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (N.W.); (Z.L.); (N.C.); (C.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Chengxing Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (N.W.); (Z.L.); (N.C.); (C.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinxin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (N.W.); (Z.L.); (N.C.); (C.C.); (X.C.)
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Zheng W, Xie R, Liang X, Liang Q. Fabrication of Biomaterials and Biostructures Based On Microfluidic Manipulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105867. [PMID: 35072338 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication technologies are of importance for the construction of organ models and functional tissue replacements. Microfluidic manipulation, a promising biofabrication technique with micro-scale resolution, can not only help to realize the fabrication of specific microsized structures but also build biomimetic microenvironments for biofabricated tissues. Therefore, microfluidic manipulation has attracted attention from researchers in the manipulation of particles and cells, biochemical analysis, tissue engineering, disease diagnostics, and drug discovery. Herein, biofabrication based on microfluidic manipulation technology is reviewed. The application of microfluidic manipulation technology in the manufacturing of biomaterials and biostructures with different dimensions and the control of the microenvironment is summarized. Finally, current challenges are discussed and a prospect of microfluidic manipulation technology is given. The authors hope this review can provide an overview of microfluidic manipulation technologies used in biofabrication and thus steer the current efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruoxiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Zhu GP, Wang QY, Ma ZK, Wu SH, Guo YP. Droplet Manipulation under a Magnetic Field: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030156. [PMID: 35323426 PMCID: PMC8946071 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic manipulation of droplets is one of the emerging magnetofluidic technologies that integrate multiple disciplines, such as electromagnetics, fluid mechanics and so on. The directly driven droplets are mainly composed of ferrofluid or liquid metal. This kind of magnetically induced droplet manipulation provides a remote, wireless and programmable approach beneficial for research and engineering applications, such as drug synthesis, biochemistry, sample preparation in life sciences, biomedicine, tissue engineering, etc. Based on the significant growth in the study of magneto droplet handling achieved over the past decades, further and more profound explorations in this field gained impetus, raising concentrations on the construction of a comprehensive working mechanism and the commercialization of this technology. Current challenges faced are not limited to the design and fabrication of the magnetic field, the material, the acquisition of precise and stable droplet performance, other constraints in processing speed and so on. The rotational devices or systems could give rise to additional issues on bulky appearance, high cost, low reliability, etc. Various magnetically introduced droplet behaviors, such as deformation, displacement, rotation, levitation, splitting and fusion, are mainly introduced in this work, involving the basic theory, functions and working principles.
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Wu Y, Kuzina M, Wang F, Reischl M, Selzer M, Nestler B, Levkin PA. Equilibrium droplet shapes on chemically patterned surfaces: theoretical calculation, phase-field simulation, and experiments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1077-1086. [PMID: 34487930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Droplet wetting on a solid substrate is affected by the surface heterogeneity. Introducing patterned wettability on the solid substrate is expected to engender anisotropic wetting morphologies, thereby manipulating droplet wetting behaviors. However, when the droplet size is comparable with that of the surface heterogeneity, the wetting morphologies cannot be depicted by the quintessential Cassie's theory but should be possible to be predicted from the perspective of thermodynamics via surface energy minimization. METHODS Here, we investigate the equilibrium droplet shapes on chemically patterned substrates by using an analytical model, phase-field simulations, and experiments. The former two methods are sharp and diffuse interface treatments, respectively, which both are based on minimizing the free energy of the system. The experimental results are obtained by depositing droplets on chemically patterned glass substrates. FINDINGS Various anisotropic wetting shapes are found from the three methods. Excellent agreement is observed between different methods, showing the possibility to quantify the anisotropic wetting droplet morphologies on patterned substrates by present methods. We also address a series of non-rotationally symmetric droplet shapes, which is the first resport about these special wetting morphologies. Furthermore, we reveal the anisotropic wetting shapes in a quasi-equilibrium evaporation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Wu
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mariia Kuzina
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Selzer
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Digital Materials Science, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Digital Materials Science, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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9
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Pan S, Richardson JJ, Christofferson AJ, Besford QA, Zheng T, Wood BJ, Duan X, Jara Fornerod MJ, McConville CF, Yarovsky I, Guldin S, Jiang L, Caruso F. Fluorinated Metal-Organic Coatings with Selective Wettability. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9972-9981. [PMID: 34170661 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Surface chemistry is a major factor that determines the wettability of materials, and devising broadly applicable coating strategies that afford tunable and selective surface properties required for next-generation materials remains a challenge. Herein, we report fluorinated metal-organic coatings that display water-wetting and oil-repelling characteristics, a wetting phenomenon different from responsive wetting induced by external stimuli. We demonstrate this selective wettability with a library of metal-organic coatings using catechol-based coordination and silanization (both fluorinated and fluorine-free), enabling sensing through interfacial reconfigurations in both gaseous and liquid environments, and establish a correlation between the coating wettability and polarity of the liquids. This selective wetting performance is substrate-independent, spontaneous, durable, and reversible and occurs over a range of polar and nonpolar liquids (60 studied). These results provide insight into advanced liquid-solid interactions and a pathway toward tuning interfacial affinities and realizing robust, selective superwettability according to the surrounding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Pan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph J Richardson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Quinn A Besford
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tian Zheng
- Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Barry J Wood
- Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaofei Duan
- School of Chemistry, TrACEES Platform, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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10
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Feng R, Li X, Wang L, Li W, Zhang Y. A simple U‐shaped device with a superhydrophobic coating used to sort droplets by surface tension. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
- Nanyang Medical College Nanyang Henan China
| | - Xin‐Ming Li
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Lin Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Wan‐Yuan Li
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Yu‐Ping Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
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11
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Soltani M, Golovin K. Anisotropy-induced directional self-transportation of low surface tension liquids: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40569-40581. [PMID: 35520851 PMCID: PMC9057580 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by natural surfaces such as butterfly wings, cactus leaves, or the Nepenthes alata plant, synthetic materials may be engineered to directionally transport liquids on their surface without external energy input. This advantageous feature has been adopted for various mechanical and chemical processes, e.g. fog harvesting, lubrication, lossless chemical reactions, etc. Many studies have focused on the manipulation and transport of water or aqueous droplets, but significantly fewer have extended their work to low surface tension (LST) liquids, although these fluids are involved in numerous industrial and everyday processes. LST liquids completely wet most surfaces which makes spontaneous transportation an active challenge. This review focuses on recently developed strategies for passively and directionally transporting LST liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soltani
- Okanagan Polymer Engineering Research & Applications Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia Canada
| | - Kevin Golovin
- Okanagan Polymer Engineering Research & Applications Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia Canada
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12
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Zhang YP, Fan D, Bai XZ, Cui CX, Chen J, Li RL, Liu PF, Qu LB. Sorting Liquid Droplets by Surface Tension Using Devices with Quasi-Superamphiphobic Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040820. [PMID: 32260412 PMCID: PMC7240524 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Any solid surface with homogenous or varying surface energy can spontaneously show variable wettability to liquid droplets with different or identical surface tensions. Here, we studied a glass slide sprayed with a quasi-superamphiphobic coating consisting of a hexane suspension of perfluorosilane-coated nanoparticles. Four areas on the glass slide with a total length of 7.5 cm were precisely tuned via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and droplets with surface tensions of 72.1–33.9 mN m−1 were categorized at a tilting angle of 3°. Then, we fabricated a U-shaped device sprayed with the same coating and used it to sort the droplets more finely by rolling them in the guide groove of the device to measure their total rolling time and distance. We found a correlation between ethanol content/surface tension and rolling time/distance, so we used the same device to estimate the alcoholic strength of Chinese liquors and to predict the surface tension of ethanol aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (D.F.); (X.-Z.B.); (C.-X.C.); (J.C.); (R.-L.L.); (P.-F.L.)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Di Fan
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (D.F.); (X.-Z.B.); (C.-X.C.); (J.C.); (R.-L.L.); (P.-F.L.)
| | - Xiu-Zhi Bai
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (D.F.); (X.-Z.B.); (C.-X.C.); (J.C.); (R.-L.L.); (P.-F.L.)
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (D.F.); (X.-Z.B.); (C.-X.C.); (J.C.); (R.-L.L.); (P.-F.L.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (D.F.); (X.-Z.B.); (C.-X.C.); (J.C.); (R.-L.L.); (P.-F.L.)
| | - Ren-Long Li
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (D.F.); (X.-Z.B.); (C.-X.C.); (J.C.); (R.-L.L.); (P.-F.L.)
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China; (D.F.); (X.-Z.B.); (C.-X.C.); (J.C.); (R.-L.L.); (P.-F.L.)
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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13
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Fan P, Pan R, Zhong M. Ultrafast Laser Enabling Hierarchical Structures for Versatile Superhydrophobicity with Enhanced Cassie-Baxter Stability and Durability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16693-16711. [PMID: 31782653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The controllable and facile fabrication of surface micro/nanostructures with the required dimensions and morphologies is the key to achieving surface superhydrophobicity. With the advantages of being a noncontact, maskless, programmable, and one-step process, ultrafast laser irradiation is a very flexible and adaptive technique for fabricating various microscale, nanoscale, and micro/nanomultiscale surface structures on diverse solids, thus realizing superhydrophobicity on their surfaces. In this feature article, a comprehensive review of our recent research advances on versatile superhydrophobic surfaces enabled by ultrafast lasers is presented from the perspectives of materials, methodologies, and functionalization. The realization of superhydrophobicity and even superamphiphobicity on varied solid surfaces through ultrafast laser treatment and the underlying mechanisms for the wettability transition of ultrafast-laser-processed surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity will be discussed. For the sake of practical applications, the ultrafast-laser-based strategies for the large-scale and cost-effective fabrication of superhydrophobic surface micro/nanostructures will be introduced. A special focus will be devoted to the enhancement of structural durability and the Cassie-Baxter stability of ultrafast-laser-enabled superhydrophobic surfaces. Beyond that, the achievement of integrated surface functions including remarkable wetting functions such as the directional collection of water droplets and superhydrophobic surfaces simultaneously with unique optical properties will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixun Fan
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Pan
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Minlin Zhong
- Laser Materials Processing Research Centre, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
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14
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Cai R, De Smet D, Vanneste M, Nysten B, Glinel K, Jonas AM. One-Step Aqueous Spraying Process for the Fabrication of Omniphobic Fabrics Free of Long Perfluoroalkyl Chains. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16660-16666. [PMID: 31616848 PMCID: PMC6788208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a simple and versatile method for the preparation in one-step of omniphobic textiles, using only aqueous suspensions of silica particles and polyurethane devoid of long perfluoroalkyl chains (C8) that are now legally-banned because of severe environmental concerns. The omniphobic coatings can be applied on different substrates including fabrics, can resist acidic and basic conditions and a moderate number of washing cycles, and repel liquids such as n-octane, dodecane, hexadecane, ethylene glycol, glycerol, olive oil, and water. Analysis of the wetting properties of coated fabrics indicates that the liquid repellence results from the trapping of air in the re-entrant roughness created by aggregates of silica particles, together with the low surface tension of the polyurethane which bears legally accepted short perfluoroalkyl chains (C4). Our study is a significant step forward toward achieving more environmentally-friendly and robust omniphobic textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggang Cai
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David De Smet
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/box L7.04.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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15
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Movafaghi S, Wang W, Bark DL, Dasi LP, Popat KC, Kota AK. Hemocompatibility of Super-Repellent surfaces: Current and Future. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2019; 6:1596-1610. [PMID: 31903188 PMCID: PMC6941870 DOI: 10.1039/c9mh00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all blood-contacting medical implants and devices initiate immunological events in the form of thrombosis and inflammation. Typically, patients receiving such implants are also given large doses of anticoagulants, which pose a high risk and a high cost to the patient. Thus, the design and development of surfaces with improved hemocompatibility and reduced dependence on anticoagulation treatments is paramount for the success of blood-contacting medical implants and devices. In the past decade, the hemocompatibility of super-repellent surfaces (i.e., surfaces that are extremely repellent to liquids) has been extensively investigated because such surfaces greatly reduce the blood-material contact area, which in turn reduces the area available for protein adsorption and blood cell or platelet adhesion, thereby offering the potential for improved hemocompatibility. In this review, we critically examine the progress made in characterizing the hemocompatibility of super-repellent surfaces, identify the unresolved challenges and highlight the opportunities for future research on developing medical implants and devices with super-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - David L Bark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lakshmi P Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ketul C Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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16
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Sabino RM, Kauk K, Movafaghi S, Kota A, Popat KC. Interaction of blood plasma proteins with superhemophobic titania nanotube surfaces. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102046. [PMID: 31279063 PMCID: PMC6814547 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The need to improve blood biocompatibility of medical devices is urgent. As soon as blood encounters a biomaterial implant, proteins adsorb on its surfaces, often leading to several complications such as thrombosis and failure of the device. Therefore, controlling protein adsorption plays a major role in developing hemocompatible materials. In this study, the interaction of key blood plasma proteins with superhemophobic titania nanotube substrates and the blood clotting responses was investigated. The substrate stability was evaluated and fibrinogen adsorption and thrombin formation from plasma were assessed using ELISA. Whole blood clotting kinetics was also investigated, and Factor XII activation on the substrates was characterized by an in vitro plasma coagulation time assay. The results show that superhemophobic titania nanotubes are stable and considerably decrease surface protein adsorption/Factor XII activation as well as delay the whole blood clotting, and thus can be a promising approach for designing blood contacting medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maia Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten Kauk
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Arun Kota
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ketul C Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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17
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Wang W, Vahabi H, Movafaghi S, Kota AK. Superomniphobic Surfaces with Improved Mechanical Durability: Synergy of Hierarchical Texture and Mechanical Interlocking. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2019; 6:1900538. [PMID: 33042731 PMCID: PMC7546319 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201900538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique functionality, superomniphobic surfaces that display extreme repellency toward virtually any liquid, have a wide range of potential applications. However, to date, the mechanical durability of superomniphobic surfaces remains a major obstacle that prevents their practical deployment. In this work, a two-layer design strategy was developed to fabricate superomniphobic surfaces with improved durability via synergistic effect of interconnected hierarchical porous texture and micro/nano-mechanical interlocking. The improved mechanical robustness of these surfaces was assessed through water shear test, ultrasonic washing test, blade scratching test, and Taber abrasion test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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18
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Trade-off in membrane distillation with monolithic omniphobic membranes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3220. [PMID: 31324790 PMCID: PMC6642111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Omniphobic membranes are attractive for membrane distillation (MD) because of their superior wetting resistance. However, a design framework for MD membrane remains incomplete, due to the complexity of omniphobic membrane fabrication and the lack of fundamental relationship between wetting resistance and water vapor permeability. Here we present a particle-free approach that enables rapid fabrication of monolithic omniphobic membranes for MD desalination. Our monolithic omniphobic membranes display excellent wetting resistance and water purification performance in MD desalination of hypersaline feedwater containing surfactants. We identify that a trade-off exists between wetting resistance and water vapor permeability of our monolithic MD membranes. Utilizing membranes with tunable wetting resistance and permeability, we elucidate the underlying mechanism of such trade-off. We envision that our fabrication method as well as the mechanistic insight into the wetting resistance-vapor permeability trade-off will pave the way for smart design of MD membranes in diverse water purification applications.
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19
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Surface topographies of biomimetic superamphiphobic materials: design criteria, fabrication and performance. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:87-121. [PMID: 31059923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Superamphiphobicity is a wetting phenomenon that not only water but also oils or organic solvents with low surface tension exhibit large contact angles above 150° along with low contact angle hysteresis on solid surface. It is well known that both chemical constituent and surface roughness have impacts on the wettability of solid surface. Herein, several fundamental wetting states and design criteria for re-entrant structures are introduced first. Then, various chemical modification materials endowing solid substrates low surface energy are summarized subsequently. Furthermore, roughening processes conferring hierarchical or re-entrant topographic structures on surfaces are classified based on different types of topographies abstracted from the natural oil-repellent creatures (mushroom-like structures) as well as bio-inspired superamphiphobic surfaces (i.e., randomly distributed nanostructures, regularly patterned microstructures and other complex hierarchical structures). Significantly, the impalement pressure and formulated rules of various re-entrant profiles are recommended in detail. At the same time, fabrication, outstanding performances such as mechanical durability, chemical stability are also mentioned according to different types of morphologies. Beyond that, current fabrication obstacles and future prospects are proposed simultaneously in the end.
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20
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Paulssen D, Hardt S, Levkin PA. Droplet Sorting and Manipulation on Patterned Two-Phase Slippery Lubricant-Infused Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16130-16138. [PMID: 30932477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Slippery lubricant-infused surfaces are composite materials consisting of a solid matrix permanently infused by a lubricant. Such surfaces have proved to be highly repellent to various liquids immiscible with the lubricant. Depending on the underlying surface chemistry, different lubricants can be used, including perfluorinated or alkylated oils. Here, we construct patterned slippery surfaces that consist of virtual channels permanently impregnated with an organic oil and surrounded by areas permanently impregnated with a perfluorinated oil. We demonstrate that water droplets preferentially occupy the organic-oil-lubricated virtual channels. Based on a simple model, we evaluate the forces acting on droplets crossing over to the regions impregnated with perfluorinated oil and show that the cloaking of the droplets plays an important role. We study the actuation of droplets in virtual oil-in-oil channels based on gravity and magnetic fields. Finally, we construct a variety of organic-oil-lubricated channel architectures permitting droplet sorting according to size. We believe that this novel approach for the formation of virtual all-liquid surface-tension-confined channels based on lubricant-infused surfaces, channel networks, or patterns will advance the field of droplet-based microfluidics. The approach presented can be potentially useful for applications in biotechnology, diagnostics, or analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Paulssen
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics , Technische Universität (TU) Darmstadt , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
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21
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Huang F, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xia F. Tunable superamphiphobic surfaces: a platform for naked-eye ATP detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:4721-4727. [PMID: 30415403 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A superamphiphobic surface composed of two different size ranges of TiO2 nanoparticles was simply fabricated through spraying the perfluorosilane coated TiO2 nanoparticles suspension dispersing in ethanol. The surface chemistry was finely regulated through gradient UV irradiation-induced organic compound degradation to fabricate surface with gradient solid surface energy or wettability. The fabricated surface shows good droplet sorting ability, which can successfully discriminate ethanol droplets with different concentrations. As a proof-of-concept, the biosensor application of this surface was demonstrated by using it for naked-eye ATP detection. Liquid droplets with different concentrations of ATP after ATP-dependent rolling circle amplification (RCA) can be effectively sorted by the surface. This developed biosensor methodology based on droplet sorting ability of the fabricated surface is energy-efficient and economical which is promising for biosensors, point-of-care testing, and biochemical assays. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yongqian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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22
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Vahabi H, Wang W, Mabry JM, Kota AK. Coalescence-induced jumping of droplets on superomniphobic surfaces with macrotexture. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau3488. [PMID: 30430135 PMCID: PMC6226286 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
When two liquid droplets coalesce on a superrepellent surface, the excess surface energy is partly converted to upward kinetic energy, and the coalesced droplet jumps away from the surface. However, the efficiency of this energy conversion is very low. In this work, we used a simple and passive technique consisting of superomniphobic surfaces with a macrotexture (comparable to the droplet size) to experimentally demonstrate coalescence-induced jumping with an energy conversion efficiency of 18.8% (i.e., about 570% increase compared to superomniphobic surfaces without a macrotexture). The higher energy conversion efficiency arises primarily from the effective redirection of in-plane velocity vectors to out-of-plane velocity vectors by the macrotexture. Using this higher energy conversion efficiency, we demonstrated coalescence-induced jumping of droplets with low surface tension (26.6 mN m-1) and very high viscosity (220 mPa·s). These results constitute the first-ever demonstration of coalescence-induced jumping of droplets at Ohnesorge number >1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Vahabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joseph M. Mabry
- Rocket Propulsion Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA 93524, USA
| | - Arun K. Kota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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23
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Jiao Y, Li C, Wu S, Hu Y, Li J, Yang L, Wu D, Chu J. Switchable Underwater Bubble Wettability on Laser-Induced Titanium Multiscale Micro-/Nanostructures by Vertically Crossed Scanning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16867-16873. [PMID: 29694017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present here a kind of novel multiscale TiO2 square micropillar arrays on titanium sheets through vertically crossed scanning of femtosecond laser. This multiscale micro-/nanostructure is ascribed to the combination of laser ablation/shock compression/debris self-deposition, which shows superaerophobicity in water with a very small sliding angle. The laser-induced sample displays switchable bubble wettability in water via heating in a dark environment and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in alcohol. After heating in a dark environment (0.5 h), the ablated titanium surface shows superaerophilicity in water with a bubble contact angle (BCA) of ∼4°, which has a great ability of capturing bubbles in water. After UV irradiation in alcohol (1 h), the sample recovered its superaerophobicity in water and the BCA turns into 156°. The mechanism of reversible switching is believed as the chemical conversion between Ti-OH and Ti-O. It is worth noting that our proposed switching strategy is time-saving and the switch wetting cycle costs only 1.5 h. Then we repeat five switching cycles on the reversibility and the method shows excellent reproducibility and stability. Moreover, laser-induced samples with different scanning spacing (50-120 μm) are fabricated and all of them show switchable underwater bubble wettability via the above tunable methods. Finally, we fabricate hybrid-patterned microstructures to show different patterned bubbles in water on the heated samples. We believe the original works will provide some new insights to researchers in bubble manipulation and gas collection fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Chuanzong Li
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , P.R. China
| | - Sizhu Wu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , P.R. China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P.R. China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P.R. China
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24
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Bartlet K, Movafaghi S, Dasi LP, Kota AK, Popat KC. Antibacterial activity on superhydrophobic titania nanotube arrays. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 166:179-186. [PMID: 29579729 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a serious issue for many implanted medical devices. Infections occur when bacteria colonize the surface of an implant and form a biofilm, a barrier which protects the bacterial colony from antibiotic treatments. Further, the anti-bacterial treatments must also be tailored to the specific bacteria that is causing the infection. The inherent protection of bacteria in the biofilm, differences in bacteria species (gram-positive vs. gram-negative), and the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria makes device-acquired infections difficult to treat. Recent research has focused on reducing biofilm formation on medical devices by modifying implant surfaces. Proposed methods have included antibacterial surface coatings, release of antibacterial drugs from surfaces, and materials which promote the adhesion of non-pathogenic bacteria. However, no approach has proven successful in repelling both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we have evaluated the ability of superhydrophobic surfaces to reduce bacteria adhesion regardless of whether the bacteria are gram-positive or gram-negative. Although superhydrophobic surfaces did not repel bacteria completely, they had minimal bacteria attached after 24 h and more importantly no biofilm formation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bartlet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1374, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1374, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Dorothy Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1374, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1370, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1376, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ketul C Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1374, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1376, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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25
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Vahabi H, Wang W, Davies S, Mabry JM, Kota AK. Coalescence-Induced Self-Propulsion of Droplets on Superomniphobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29328-29336. [PMID: 28771317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We utilized superomniphobic surfaces to systematically investigate the different regimes of coalescence-induced self-propulsion of liquid droplets with a wide range of droplet radii, viscosities, and surface tensions. Our results indicate that the nondimensional jumping velocity Vj* is nearly constant (Vj* ≈ 0.2) in the inertial-capillary regime and decreases in the visco-capillary regime as the Ohnesorge number Oh increases, in agreement with prior work. Within the visco-capillary regime, decreasing the droplet radius R0 results in a more rapid decrease in the nondimensional jumping velocity Vj* compared to increasing the viscosity μ. This is because decreasing the droplet radius R0 increases the inertial-capillary velocity Vic in addition to increasing the Ohnesorge number Oh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph M Mabry
- Rocket Propulsion Division, Air Force Research Laboratory , Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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26
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Pendurthi A, Movafaghi S, Wang W, Shadman S, Yalin AP, Kota AK. Fabrication of Nanostructured Omniphobic and Superomniphobic Surfaces with Inexpensive CO 2 Laser Engraver. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25656-25661. [PMID: 28731320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superomniphobic surfaces (i.e., surfaces that are extremely repellent to both high surface tension liquids like water and low surface tension liquid like oils) can be fabricated through a combination of surface chemistry that imparts low solid surface energy with a re-entrant surface texture. Recently, surface texturing with lasers has received significant attention because laser texturing is scalable, solvent-free, and can produce a monolithic texture on virtually any material. In this work, we fabricated nanostructured omniphobic and superomniphobic surfaces with a variety of materials using a simple, inexpensive and commercially available CO2 laser engraver. Further, we demonstrated that the nanostructured omniphobic and superomniphobic surfaces fabricated using our laser texturing technique can be used to design patterned surfaces, surfaces with discrete domains of the desired wettability, and on-surface microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Pendurthi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Soran Shadman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Azer P Yalin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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27
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Wang W, Salazar J, Vahabi H, Joshi-Imre A, Voit WE, Kota AK. Metamorphic Superomniphobic Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700295. [PMID: 28485512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superomniphobic surfaces are extremely repellent to virtually all liquids. By combining superomniphobicity and shape memory effect, metamorphic superomniphobic (MorphS) surfaces that transform their morphology in response to heat are developed. Utilizing the MorphS surfaces, the distinctly different wetting transitions of liquids with different surface tensions are demonstrated and the underlying physics is elucidated. Both ex situ and in situ wetting transitions on the MorphS surfaces are solely due to transformations in morphology of the surface texture. It is envisioned that the robust MorphS surfaces with reversible wetting transition will have a wide range of applications including rewritable liquid patterns, controlled drug release systems, lab-on-a-chip devices, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Joshua Salazar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Hamed Vahabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alexandra Joshi-Imre
- Center for Engineering Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Walter E Voit
- Department of Materials Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Falde EJ, Wang J, Grinstaff M. Surface tension sensor meshes for rapid alcohol quantification. RSC Adv 2017; 7:49795-49798. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun polymeric sensor arrays detect alcohol content in wine via changes in surface tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Falde
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
| | - J. Wang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
| | - M. W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
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