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Mei T, Liu W, Sun F, Chen Y, Xu G, Huang Z, Jiang Y, Wang S, Chen L, Liu J, Fan F, Xiao K. Bio-inspired Two-dimensional Nanofluidic Ionic Transistor for Neuromorphic Signal Processing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401477. [PMID: 38419469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels prevalent in neurons play important roles in generating action potential and information transmission by responding to transmembrane potential. Fabricating bio-inspired ionic transistors with ions as charge carriers will be crucial for realizing neuro-inspired devices and brain-liking computing. Here, we reported a two-dimensional nanofluidic ionic transistor based on a MXene membrane with sub-1 nm interlayer channels. By applying a gating voltage on the MXene nanofluidic, a transmembrane potential will be generated to active the ionic transistor, which is similar to the transmembrane potential of neuron cells and can be effectively regulated by changing membrane parameters, e.g., thickness, composition, and interlayer spacing. For the symmetric MXene nanofluidic, a high on/off ratio of ~2000 can be achieved by forming an ionic depletion or accumulation zone, contingent on the sign of the gating potential. An asymmetric PET/MXene-composited nanofluidic transitioned the ionic transistor from ambipolar to unipolar, resulting in a more sensitive gate voltage characteristic with a low subthreshold swing of 560 mV/decade. Furthermore, ionic logic gate circuits, including the "NOT", "NAND", and "NOR" gate, were implemented for neuromorphic signal processing successfully, which provides a promising pathway towards highly parallel, low energy consumption, and ion-based brain-like computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Fusai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, 2011-iChEM, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physic, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Zijia Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yisha Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Senyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Junjun Liu
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, 2011-iChEM, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physic, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
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2
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Nicollier PM, Ratschow AD, Ruggeri F, Drechsler U, Hardt S, Paratore F, Knoll AW. Gate Electrodes Enable Tunable Nanofluidic Particle Traps. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4151-4157. [PMID: 38597408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The ability to control the location of nanoscale objects in liquids is essential for fundamental and applied research from nanofluidics to molecular biology. To overcome their random Brownian motion, the electrostatic fluid trap creates local minima in potential energy by shaping electrostatic interactions with a tailored wall topography. However, this strategy is inherently static; once fabricated, the potential wells cannot be modulated. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate that such a trap can be controlled through a buried gate electrode. We measure changes in the average escape times of nanoparticles from the traps to quantify the induced modulations of 0.7 kBT in potential energy and 50 mV in surface potential. Finally, we summarize the mechanism in a parameter-free predictive model, including surface chemistry and electrostatic fringing, that reproduces the experimental results. Our findings open a route toward real-time controllable nanoparticle traps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron D Ratschow
- Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, TU Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Francesca Ruggeri
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Ute Drechsler
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, TU Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Federico Paratore
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Armin W Knoll
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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3
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Laucirica G, Toum-Terrones Y, Cayón VM, Toimil-Molares ME, Azzaroni O, Marmisollé WA. Advances in nanofluidic field-effect transistors: external voltage-controlled solid-state nanochannels for stimulus-responsive ion transport and beyond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10471-10493. [PMID: 38506166 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels, intricate protein structures facilitating precise ion passage across cell membranes, are pivotal for vital cellular functions. Inspired by the remarkable capabilities of biological ion channels, the scientific community has ventured into replicating these principles in fully abiotic solid-state nanochannels (SSNs). Since the gating mechanisms of SSNs rely on variations in the physicochemical properties of the channel surface, the modification of their internal architecture and chemistry constitutes a powerful strategy to control the transport properties and, consequently, render specific functionalities. In this framework, both the design of the nanofluidic platform and the subsequent selection and attachment of different building blocks gain special attention. Similar to biological ion channels, functional SSNs offer the potential to finely modulate ion transport in response to various stimuli, leading to innovations in a variety of fields. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate world of ion transport across stimuli-responsive SSNs, focusing on the development of external voltage-controlled nanofluidic devices. This kind of field-effect nanofluidic technology has attracted special interest due to the possibility of real-time reconfiguration of the ion transport with a non-invasive strategy. These properties have found interesting applications in drug delivery, biosensing, and nanoelectronics. This document will address the fundamental principles of ion transport through SSNs and the construction, modification, and applications of external voltage-controlled SSNs. It will also address future challenges and prospects, offering a comprehensive perspective on this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Laucirica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Y Toum-Terrones
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - V M Cayón
- Department of Materials- and Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M E Toimil-Molares
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Materials- and Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - W A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Liu P, Kong XY, Jiang L, Wen L. Ion transport in nanofluidics under external fields. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2972-3001. [PMID: 38345093 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanofluidic channels with tailored ion transport dynamics are usually used as channels for ion transport, to enable high-performance ion regulation behaviors. The rational construction of nanofluidics and the introduction of external fields are of vital significance to the advancement and development of these ion transport properties. Focusing on the recent advances of nanofluidics, in this review, various dimensional nanomaterials and their derived homogeneous/heterogeneous nanofluidics are first briefly introduced. Then we discuss the basic principles and properties of ion transport in nanofluidics. As the major part of this review, we focus on recent progress in ion transport in nanofluidics regulated by external physical fields (electric field, light, heat, pressure, etc.) and chemical fields (pH, concentration gradient, chemical reaction, etc.), and reveal the advantages and ion regulation mechanisms of each type. Moreover, the representative applications of these nanofluidic channels in sensing, ionic devices, energy conversion, and other areas are summarized. Finally, the major challenges that need to be addressed in this research field and the future perspective of nanofluidics development and practical applications are briefly illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
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5
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Mei T, Liu W, Xu G, Chen Y, Wu M, Wang L, Xiao K. Ionic Transistors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38285731 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Biological voltage-gated ion channels, which behave as life's transistors, regulate ion transport precisely and selectively through atomic-scale selectivity filters to sustain important life activities. By this inspiration, voltage-adaptable ionic transistors that use ions as signal carriers may provide an alternative information processing unit beyond solid-state electronic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the first generation of biomimetic ionic transistors, including their operating mechanisms, device architecture development, and property characterizations. Despite its infancy, significant progress has been made in the applications of ionic transistors in fields such as DNA detection, drug delivery, and ionic circuits. Challenges and prospects of full exploitation of ionic transistors for a broad spectrum of practical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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6
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Rangharajan KK, Prakash S. Voltage-gated nanofluidic devices for protein capture, concentration, and release. Analyst 2022; 147:3817-3821. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00745b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nanofluidic device with spatially, non-uniformly distributed gate electrodes is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik K. Rangharajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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7
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Nouri R, Guan W. Nanofluidic charged-coupled devices for controlled DNA transport and separation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:345501. [PMID: 34081025 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled molecular transport and separation is of significant importance in various applications. In this work, we presented a novel concept of nanofluidic molecular charge-coupled device (CCD) for controlled DNA transport and separation. By leveraging the unique field-effect coupling in nanofluidic systems, the nanofluidic molecular CCD aims to store charged biomolecules such as DNAs in discrete regions in nanochannels and transfer and separate these biomolecules as a charge packet in a bucket brigade fashion. We developed a quantitative model to capture the impact of nanochannel surface charge, gating voltage and frequency, molecule diffusivity, and gating electrode geometry on the transport and separation efficiency. We studied the synergistic effects of these factors to guide the device design and optimize the DNA transport and separation in a nanofluidic CCD. The findings in this study provided insight into the rational design and implementation of the nanofluidic molecular CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nouri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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8
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Park S, Hong S, Kim J, Son SY, Lee H, Kim SJ. Eco friendly nanofluidic platforms using biodegradable nanoporous materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3804. [PMID: 33589696 PMCID: PMC7884701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Splendid advancement of micro/nanofluidic researches in the field of bio- and chemical-analysis enables various ubiquitous applications such as bio-medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring, etc. In such devices, nanostructures are the essential elements so that the nanofabrication methods have been major issues since the last couple of decades. However, most of nanofabrication methods are sophisticated and expensive due to the requirement of high-class cleanroom facilities, while low-cost and biocompatible materials have been already introduced in the microfluidic platforms. Thus, an off-the-shelf and biodegradable material for those nanostructures can complete the concept of an eco-friendly micro/nanofluidic platform. In this work, biodegradable materials originated from well-known organisms such as human nail plate and denatured hen egg (albumen and yolk) were rigorously investigated as a perm-selective nanoporous membrane. A simple micro/nanofluidic device integrated with such materials was fabricated to demonstrate nanofluidic phenomena. These distinctive evidences (the visualization of ion concentration polarization phenomenon, ohmic/limiting/over-limiting current behavior and surface charge-governed conductance) can fulfill the requirements of functional nanostructures for the nanofluidic applications. Therefore, while these materials were less robust than nano-lithographically fabricated structures, bio-oriented perm-selective materials would be utilized as a one of key elements of the biodegradable and eco friendly micro/nanofluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Young Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Nano System Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Mohana Sundaram P, Rangharajan KK, Akbari E, Hadick TJ, Song JW, Prakash S. Direct current electric field regulates endothelial permeability under physiologically relevant fluid forces in a microfluidic vessel bifurcation model. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:319-330. [PMID: 33319218 PMCID: PMC7855772 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have reported on the use of direct current electric fields (DC-EFs) to regulate vascular endothelial permeability, which is important for tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, these studies have primarily used static 2D culture models that lack the fluid mechanical forces associated with blood flow experienced by endothelial cells (ECs) in vivo. Hence, the effect of DC-EF on ECs under physiologically relevant fluid forces is yet to be systematically evaluated. Using a 3D microfluidic model of a bifurcating vessel, we report the role of DC-EF on regulating endothelial permeability when co-applied with physiologically relevant fluid forces that arise at the vessel bifurcation. The application of a 70 V m-1 DC-EF simultaneously with 1 μL min-1 low perfusion rate (generating 3.8 dyn cm-2 stagnation pressure at the bifurcation point and 0.3 dyn cm-2 laminar shear stress in the branched vessel) increased the endothelial permeability 7-fold compared to the static control condition (i.e., without flow and DC-EF). When the perfusion rate was increased to 10 μL min-1 (generating 38 dyn cm-2 stagnation pressure at the bifurcation point and 3 dyn cm-2 laminar shear stress in the branched vessel) while maintaining the same electrical stimulation, a 4-fold increase in endothelial permeability compared to the static control was observed. The lower increase in endothelial permeability for the higher fluid forces but the same DC-EF suggests a competing role between fluid forces and the applied DC-EF. Moreover, the observed increase in endothelial permeability due to combined DC-EF and flow was transient and dependent on the Akt signalling pathway. Collectively, these findings provide significant new insights into how the endothelium serves as an electro-mechanical interface for regulating vessel permeability.
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Li C, Xiong T, Yu P, Fei J, Mao L. Synaptic Iontronic Devices for Brain-Mimicking Functions: Fundamentals and Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:71-84. [PMID: 35014277 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the information transmission mechanism in the central nervous systems of life, synapse-mimicking devices have been designed and fabricated for the purpose of breaking the bottleneck of von Neumann architecture and realizing the construction of effective hardware-based artificial intelligence. In this case, synaptic iontronic devices, dealing with current information with ions instead of electrons, have attracted enormous scientific interests owing to their unique characteristics provided by ions, such as the designability of charge carriers and the diversity of chemical regulation. Herein, the basic conception, working mechanism, performance metrics, and advanced applications of synaptic iontronic devices based on three-terminal transistors and two-terminal memristors are systematically reviewed and comprehensively discussed. This Review provides a prospect on how to realize artificial synaptic functions based on the regulation of ions and raises a series of further challenges unsolved in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianyi Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Fei
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Di Trani N, Silvestri A, Wang Y, Demarchi D, Liu X, Grattoni A. Silicon Nanofluidic Membrane for Electrostatic Control of Drugs and Analytes Elution. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E679. [PMID: 32707665 PMCID: PMC7407659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individualized long-term management of chronic pathologies remains an elusive goal despite recent progress in drug formulation and implantable devices. The lack of advanced systems for therapeutic administration that can be controlled and tailored based on patient needs precludes optimal management of pathologies, such as diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis. Several triggered systems for drug delivery have been demonstrated. However, they mostly rely on continuous external stimuli, which hinder their application for long-term treatments. In this work, we investigated a silicon nanofluidic technology that incorporates a gate electrode and examined its ability to achieve reproducible control of drug release. Silicon carbide (SiC) was used to coat the membrane surface, including nanochannels, ensuring biocompatibility and chemical inertness for long-term stability for in vivo deployment. With the application of a small voltage (≤ 3 V DC) to the buried polysilicon electrode, we showed in vitro repeatable modulation of membrane permeability of two model analytes-methotrexate and quantum dots. Methotrexate is a first-line therapeutic approach for rheumatoid arthritis; quantum dots represent multi-functional nanoparticles with broad applicability from bio-labeling to targeted drug delivery. Importantly, SiC coating demonstrated optimal properties as a gate dielectric, which rendered our membrane relevant for multiple applications beyond drug delivery, such as lab on a chip and micro total analysis systems (µTAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Shijingshan, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Antonia Silvestri
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (A.S.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Bioinspired nervous signal transmission system based on two-dimensional laminar nanofluidics: From electronics to ionics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16743-16748. [PMID: 32611809 PMCID: PMC7382253 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005937117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian nervous systems, as natural ionic circuitries, have interested researchers with their powerful abilities in environmental perceptions and information transmission, which triggered booming development in artificial prototypes such as biomimetic ionic nanochannels. Most studied artificial ionic systems are more focused on their functions of perception, whereas the ionic information transmission system is rarely reported. Here, two-dimensional laminar nanofluidics are fabricated from MXene nanosheets and the noncontact external electrostatic potential applied patterns to generate and transmit alternating signals, from basic sine to frequency-modulated binary information. This work demonstrates the potentiality of bioinspired nervous signal transmission to simulate the neural ion-carried information system, which might lead to the avenue of alternating current ionics. Mammalian nervous systems, as natural ionic circuitries, stand out in environmental perception and sophisticated information transmission, relying on protein ionic channels and additional necessary structures. Prosperously emerged ionic regulated biomimetic nanochannels exhibit great potentialities in various application scenarios, especially signal transduction. Most reported direct current systems possess deficiencies in informational density and variability, which are superiorities of alternating current (AC) systems and necessities in bioinspired nervous signal transmission. Here, inspired by myelinated saltatory conduction, alternating electrostatic potential controlled nanofluidics are constructed with a noncontact application pattern and MXene nanosheets. Under time-variant external stimuli, ions confined in the interlaminar space obtain the capability of carriers for the AC ionic circuit. The transmitted information is accessible from typical sine to a frequency-modulated binary signal. This work demonstrates the potentiality of the bioinspired nervous signal transmission between electronics and ionic nanofluidics, which might push one step forward to the avenue of AC ionics.
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Jakšić Z, Jakšić O. Biomimetic Nanomembranes: An Overview. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:E24. [PMID: 32485897 PMCID: PMC7345464 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomembranes are the principal building block of basically all living organisms, and without them life as we know it would not be possible. Yet in spite of their ubiquity, for a long time their artificial counterparts have mostly been overlooked in mainstream microsystem and nanosystem technologies, being a niche topic at best, instead of holding their rightful position as one of the basic structures in such systems. Synthetic biomimetic nanomembranes are essential in a vast number of seemingly disparate fields, including separation science and technology, sensing technology, environmental protection, renewable energy, process industry, life sciences and biomedicine. In this study, we review the possibilities for the synthesis of inorganic, organic and hybrid nanomembranes mimicking and in some way surpassing living structures, consider their main properties of interest, give a short overview of possible pathways for their enhancement through multifunctionalization, and summarize some of their numerous applications reported to date, with a focus on recent findings. It is our aim to stress the role of functionalized synthetic biomimetic nanomembranes within the context of modern nanoscience and nanotechnologies. We hope to highlight the importance of the topic, as well as to stress its great applicability potentials in many facets of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Jakšić
- Center of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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14
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Di Trani N, Silvestri A, Sizovs A, Wang Y, Erm DR, Demarchi D, Liu X, Grattoni A. Electrostatically gated nanofluidic membrane for ultra-low power controlled drug delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1562-1576. [PMID: 32249279 PMCID: PMC7249613 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00121j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Patient-centered therapeutic management for chronic medical conditions is a desired but unmet need, largely attributable to the lack of adequate technologies for tailored drug administration. While triggered devices that control the delivery of therapeutics exist, they often rely on impractical continuous external activation. As such, next generation continuously tunable drug delivery systems independent of sustained external activation remain an elusive goal. Here we present the development and demonstration of a silicon carbide (SiC)-coated nanofluidic membrane that achieves reproducible and tunable control of drug release via electrostatic gating. By applying a low-intensity voltage to a buried electrode, we showed repeatable and reproducible in vitro release modulation of three model analytes. A small fluorophore (Alexa Fluor 647), a large polymer poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and a medically relevant agent (DNA), were selected as representatives of small molecule therapeutics, polymeric drug carriers, and biological therapeutics, respectively. Unlike other drug delivery systems, our technology performed consistently over numerous cycles of voltage modulation, for over 11 days. Importantly, low power consumption and minimal leakage currents were achieved during the study. Further, the SiC coating maintained integrity and chemical inertness, shielding the membrane from degradation under simulated physiological and accelerated conditions for over 4 months. Through leveraging the flexibility offered by electrostatic gating control, our technology provides a valuable strategy for tunable delivery, setting the foundation for the next generation of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. and University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Shijingshan, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Antonia Silvestri
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. and Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antons Sizovs
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Donald R Erm
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA and Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Laucirica G, Cayón VM, Toum Terrones Y, Cortez ML, Toimil-Molares ME, Trautmann C, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Electrochemically addressable nanofluidic devices based on PET nanochannels modified with electropolymerized poly-o-aminophenol films. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6002-6011. [PMID: 32115588 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluidic field-effect transistors (nFETs) have attracted attention from the scientific community due to their remarkable level of control over ionic transport. Particularly, the combination of nanofluidic systems and electroactive polymers has demonstrated to be an interesting approach to achieve an electrochemically addressable device. In this work, the development of nFETs based on the integration of electropolymerized poly-o-aminophenol (POAP) films into track-etched nanochannels is proposed. The electropolymerization of POAP on the tip side of Au-sputtered asymmetric PET nanochannels not only allowed having a programmable tip diameter but also offered a precise and very rapid control of ionic transport by switching an external bias voltage. Moreover, the system exhibited a reversible behaviour between non-selective and anion-selective states. We believe that this work provides new tools and concepts to design and build high-performance nanofluidic field-effect transistors working under electrochemically controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Laucirica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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16
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Matse M, Berg P, Eikerling M. Asymmetric double-layer charging in a cylindrical nanopore under closed confinement. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:084103. [PMID: 32113335 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a physical-mathematical treatment and numerical simulations of electric double layer charging in a closed, finite, and cylindrical nanopore of circular cross section, embedded in a polymeric host with charged walls and sealed at both ends by metal electrodes under an external voltage bias. Modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations were used to account for finite ion sizes, subject to an electroneutrality condition. The time evolution of the formation and relaxation of the double layers was explored. Moreover, equilibrium ion distributions and differential capacitance curves were investigated as functions of the pore surface charge density, electrolyte concentration, ion sizes, and pore size. Asymmetric properties of the differential capacitance curves reveal that the structure of the double layer near each electrode is controlled by the charge concentration along the pore surface and by charge asymmetry in the electrolyte. These results carry implications for accurately simulating cylindrical capacitors and electroactuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpumelelo Matse
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Science, University of Alberta, Camrose, Alberta T4V 2R3, Canada
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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17
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Haque A, Nayak AK, Weigand B, Banerjee A. Time-Dependent Electroosmotic Flow with Variable Slips along Microchannel. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainul Haque
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ameeya Kumar Nayak
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Institut für Thermodynamik der Luft- und Raumfahrt, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Weigand
- Institut für Thermodynamik der Luft- und Raumfahrt, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Laucirica G, Marmisollé WA, Toimil-Molares ME, Trautmann C, Azzaroni O. Redox-Driven Reversible Gating of Solid-State Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30001-30009. [PMID: 31335118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of an electrochemically addressable nanofluidic diode is proposed, which allows tunable and nanofluidic operations via redox gating under electrochemical control. The fabrication process involves the modification of an asymmetric gold-coated solid-state nanopore with a thin layer of a redox polymer, poly(vinylferrocene) (PVFc). The composite nanochannel acts as a gate electrode by changing the electrochemical state and, consequently, the conversion/switching of ferrocene into ferricenium units upon the application of different voltages. It is shown that the electrochemical input accurately controls the surface charge density of the nanochannel walls with a predictable concomitant effect on the rectification properties. PVFc-based nanofluidic devices are able to discriminate the passage of anionic species through the nanochannel in a qualitative and quantitative manner by simply switching the redox potential of the PVFc layer. Experimental data confirmed that a rapid and reversible modulation of the ionic transport regimes can be easily attained by changing the applied potential. This applied potential plays the role of the gate voltage (Vg) in field-effect transistors (FET), so these nanofluidic channels behave as ionic FETs. Depending on the Vg values, the iontronic behavior can be switched between ohmic and diode-like regimes. We believe that this system illustrates the potential of redox-active polymers integrated into nanofluidic devices as plausible, simple, and versatile platforms to create electrochemically addressable nanofluidic devices for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Laucirica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET , 64 y Diagonal 113 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET , 64 y Diagonal 113 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
| | | | - Christina Trautmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , 64291 Darmstadt , Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Material-Wissenschaft , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas , Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET , 64 y Diagonal 113 , 1900 La Plata , Argentina
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19
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Yang J, Zhu W, Zhang X, Chen F, Jiang L. Gated ion transport through layered graphene oxide membranes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gate-induced directional ion transport in 2D layered materials provides a new way for effective control over the transport behaviors in synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Fengxiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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20
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Liu ML, Huang M, Tian LY, Zhao LH, Ding B, Kong DB, Yang QH, Shao JJ. Two-Dimensional Nanochannel Arrays Based on Flexible Montmorillonite Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44915-44923. [PMID: 30509069 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanochannel arrays are constructed by bottom-up reassembly of montmorillonite monolayers that are obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation of its layered crystals, and the as-constructed interstitial space between these monolayers is uniform and provides ions with nanoscale transport channels. Surface-charge-controlled ion transport behavior is observed through these nanochannels as the electrolyte concentration reduces to 10-4 M at room temperature. Furthermore, the nanochannel structure remains even after 400 °C heat treatment, and nanofluidic devices based on the annealed nanochannel arrays still exhibit surface-charge-governed ion transport at low electrolyte concentrations. In addition, a drift-diffusion experiment is conducted to investigate the mobility ratio of cations/anions through the nanochannels with asymmetric bulk electrolyte concentrations, and the results show that the mobility of cations is about eight to nine times that of anions, which is consistent with the fact that the montmorillonite monolayers are negatively charged and the nanochannels are permselective. Last, ionic current rectification is observed in the nanofluidic system of asymmetric geometric shape, and rectification factors of ∼2.6 and ∼3.5 can be obtained in KCl and HCl electrolytes, respectively, at a bias between -1 and +1 V because of the asymmetric electrostatic potential through the nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Liu
- School of Materials and Metallurgy , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Meng Huang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Lian-Yu Tian
- School of Materials and Metallurgy , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Li-Hong Zhao
- School of Materials and Metallurgy , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Bin Ding
- School of Materials and Metallurgy , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - De-Bin Kong
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jiao-Jing Shao
- School of Materials and Metallurgy , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
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21
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Wang M, Shen W, Ding S, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu F. A coupled effect of dehydration and electrostatic interactions on selective ion transport through charged nanochannels. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18821-18828. [PMID: 30277244 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective ion transport is an essential feature of biological ion channels. Due to the subnanometer size and negatively charged surface of ion channels, the ion selectivity is affected by both dehydration effects and electrostatic interactions. Their coupled effect on selective ion transport, however, has been elusive. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we study ion (Li+ and Mg2+) transport through subnanometer carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with varying charge densities. Our results indicate that the dehydration effect governs the ionic transport at low surface charge densities, hence the nanochannel shows a selectivity for Li+ ions. In contrast, the nanochannel switches to a selectivity for Mg2+ ions as the electrostatic interaction between the cations and the negatively charged wall dominates the transport at high surface charge densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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22
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Fu K, Han D, Kwon SR, Bohn PW. Asymmetric Nafion-Coated Nanopore Electrode Arrays as Redox-Cycling-Based Electrochemical Diodes. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9177-9185. [PMID: 30080388 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the functioning of cellular ion channels, pore-based structures with nanoscale openings have been fabricated and integrated into ionic circuits, for example, ionic diodes and transistors, for signal processing and detection. In these systems, the nonlinear current responses arise either because asymmetric nanopore geometries break the symmetry of the ion distribution, creating unequal surface charge across the nanopore, or by coupling unidirectional electron transfer within a nanopore electrode. Here we develop a high-performance redox-cycling-based electrochemical diode by coating an asymmetric ion-exchange membrane, that is, Nafion, on the top surface of a nanopore electrode array (Nafion@NEA), in which each pore in the array exhibits one or more annular electrodes. Nafion@NEAs exhibit highly sensitive and charge-selective electroanalytical measurements due to efficient redox-cycling reaction, the permselectivity of Nafion, and the strong confinement of redox species in the nanopore array. In addition, the top electrode of dual-electrode Nafion@NEAs can serve as a voltage-controlled switch to gate ion transport within the nanopore. Thus Nafion@NEAs can be operated as a diode by switching voltages applied to the top and bottom electrodes of the NEA, leading to a large rectification ratio, fast response times, and simplified circuitry without the need for external electrodes. By taking advantage of closely spaced and individually addressable electrodes, the redox-cycling electrochemical diode has the potential for application to large-scale production and electrochemically controlled circuit operations, which go well beyond conventional electronic diodes or transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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23
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Cheng C, Jiang G, Simon GP, Liu JZ, Li D. Low-voltage electrostatic modulation of ion diffusion through layered graphene-based nanoporous membranes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:685-690. [PMID: 29967459 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport in nanoconfinement differs from that in bulk and has been extensively researched across scientific and engineering disciplines1-4. For many energy and water applications of nanoporous materials, concentration-driven ion diffusion is simultaneously subjected to a local electric field arising from surface charge or an externally applied potential. Due to the uniquely crowded intermolecular forces under severe nanoconfinement (<2 nm), the transport behaviours of ions can be influenced by the interfacial electrical double layer (EDL) induced by a surface potential, with complex implications, engendering unusual ion dynamics5-7. However, it remains an experimental challenge to investigate how such a surface potential and its coupling with nanoconfinement manipulate ion diffusion. Here, we exploit the tunable nanoconfinement in layered graphene-based nanoporous membranes to show that sub-2 nm confined ion diffusion can be strongly modulated by the surface potential-induced EDL. Depending on the potential sign, the combination and concentration of ion pairs, diffusion rates can be reversibly modulated and anomalously enhanced by 4~7 times within 0.5 volts, across a salt concentration gradient up to seawater salinity. Modelling suggests that this anomalously enhanced diffusion is related to the strong ion-ion correlations under severe nanoconfinement, and cannot be explained by conventional theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and New Horizons Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gengping Jiang
- College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science on Metallurgical Processing, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - George Philip Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and New Horizons Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jefferson Zhe Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and New Horizons Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Rangharajan KK, Mohana Sundaram P, Conlisk AT, Prakash S. Surface dependent enhancement in water vapor permeation through nanochannels. Analyst 2018; 143:4256-4266. [PMID: 30028451 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00650d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmission resistance for selective water vapor permeation through hydrophobic conduits with a varying degree of surface wettability is estimated inside a nanofluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. T. Conlisk
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| | - Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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25
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Fuest M, Rangharajan KK, Boone C, Conlisk AT, Prakash S. Cation Dependent Surface Charge Regulation in Gated Nanofluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1593-1601. [PMID: 28208271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface charge governs nanoscale aqueous electrolyte transport, both in engineered analytical systems and in biological entities such as ion channels and ion pumps as a function of ion type and concentration. Embedded electrodes in a nanofluidic channel, isolated from the fluid in the channel by a dielectric layer, act as active, tunable gates to systematically modify local surface charge density at the interface between the nanochannel surface and the aqueous electrolyte solution, causing significant changes in measured nanochannel conductance. A systematic comparison of transport of monovalent electrolytes [potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl)], 2:1 electrolytes [magnesium chloride (MgCl2), calcium chloride (CaCl2)], and electrolyte mixtures (KCl + CaCl2) through a gated nanofluidic device was performed. Ion-surface interactions between divalent Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and the nanochannel walls reduced the native surface charge density by up to ∼4-5 times compared to the monovalent cations. In electrolyte mixtures, Ca2+ was the dominating cation with nanochannel conductance independent of KCl concentration. Systematic changes in local electrostatic surface state induced by the gate electrode are impacted by the divalent cation-surface interactions, limiting modulation of the local surface potential by the gate electrode and resulting in cation dependent nanoscale ion transport as seen through conductance measurements and numerical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fuest
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kaushik K Rangharajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Caitlin Boone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - A T Conlisk
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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