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Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400357. [PMID: 38695274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms exhibit synergistic effects among their components, giving rise to emergent properties crucial for their genesis and overall functionality and survival. Morphogenesis involves and relies upon intricate and biunivocal interactions among cells and their environment, that is, the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells secrete their own ECM, which in turn, regulates their morphogenetic program by controlling time and space presentation of matricellular signals. The ECM, once considered passive, is now recognized as an informative space where both biochemical and biophysical signals are tightly orchestrated. Replicating this sophisticated and highly interconnected informative media in a synthetic scaffold for tissue engineering is unattainable with current technology and this limits the capability to engineer functional human organs in vitro and in vivo. This review explores current limitations to in vitro organ morphogenesis, emphasizing the interplay of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and tissue microenvironment cues. In vitro efforts to replicate biological processes for barrier organs such as the lung and intestine, are examined. The importance of maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is highlighted to accurately replicate organ-specific properties. The review underscores the necessity for microphysiological systems that faithfully reproduce cell-native interactions, for advancing the understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
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2
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Mazio C, Scognamiglio LS, Casale C, Panzetta V, Urciuolo F, Galietta LJV, Imparato G, Netti PA. A functional 3D full-thickness model for comprehending the interaction between airway epithelium and connective tissue in cystic fibrosis. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122546. [PMID: 38552367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience severe lung disease, including persistent infections, inflammation, and irreversible fibrotic remodeling of the airways. Although therapy with transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein modulators reached optimal results in terms of CFTR rescue, lung transplant remains the best line of care for patients in an advanced stage of CF. Indeed, chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling still represent stumbling blocks during treatment, and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Nowadays, animal models are not able to fully replicate clinical features of the human disease and the conventional in vitro models lack a stromal compartment undergoing fibrotic remodeling. To address this gap, we show the development of a 3D full-thickness model of CF with a human bronchial epithelium differentiated on a connective airway tissue. We demonstrated that the epithelial cells not only underwent mucociliary differentiation but also migrated in the connective tissue and formed gland-like structures. The presence of the connective tissue stimulated the pro-inflammatory behaviour of the epithelium, which activated the fibroblasts embedded into their own extracellular matrix (ECM). By varying the composition of the model with CF epithelial cells and a CF or healthy connective tissue, it was possible to replicate different moments of CF disease, as demonstrated by the differences in the transcriptome of the CF epithelium in the different conditions. The possibility to faithfully represent the crosstalk between epithelial and connective in CF through the full thickness model, along with inflammation and stromal activation, makes the model suitable to better understand mechanisms of disease genesis, progression, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-IIT, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Sara Scognamiglio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-IIT, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Costantino Casale
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials-CRIB, University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials-CRIB, University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering-DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials-CRIB, University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering-DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-IIT, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-IIT, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Napoli, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials-CRIB, University of Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering-DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
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3
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Hua T, Li S, Han B. Nanomedicines for intranasal delivery: understanding the nano-bio interactions at the nasal mucus-mucosal barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:553-572. [PMID: 38720439 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2339335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intranasal administration is an effective drug delivery routes in modern pharmaceutics. However, unlike other in vivo biological barriers, the nasal mucosal barrier is characterized by high turnover and selective permeability, hindering the diffusion of both particulate drug delivery systems and drug molecules. The in vivo fate of administrated nanomedicines is often significantly affected by nano-biointeractions. AREAS COVERED The biological barriers that nanomedicines encounter when administered intranasally are introduced, with a discussion on the factors influencing the interaction between nanomedicines and the mucus layer/mucosal barriers. General design strategies for nanomedicines administered via the nasal route are further proposed. Furthermore, the most common methods to investigate the characteristics and the interactions of nanomedicines when in presence of the mucus layer/mucosal barrier are briefly summarized. EXPERT OPINION Detailed investigation of nanomedicine-mucus/mucosal interactions and exploration of their mechanisms provide solutions for designing better intranasal nanomedicines. Designing and applying nanomedicines with mucus interaction properties or non-mucosal interactions should be customized according to the therapeutic need, considering the target of the drug, i.e. brain, lung or nose. Then how to improve the precise targeting efficiency of nanomedicines becomes a difficult task for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangsiyuan Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou Univesity, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Shuling Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Vanderpool EJ, Rumbaugh KP. Host-microbe interactions in chronic rhinosinusitis biofilms and models for investigation. Biofilm 2023; 6:100160. [PMID: 37928619 PMCID: PMC10622848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a debilitating condition characterized by long-lasting inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. It affects a significant portion of the population, causing a considerable burden on individuals and healthcare systems. The pathogenesis of CRS is multifactorial, with bacterial infections playing a crucial role in CRS development and persistence. In recent years, the presence of biofilms has emerged as a key contributor to the chronicity of sinusitis, further complicating treatment and exacerbating symptoms. This review aims to explore the role of biofilms in CRS, focusing on the involvement of the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, their interactions in chronic infections, and model systems for studying biofilms in CRS. These species serve as an example of how microbial interplay can influence disease progression and exemplify the need for continued investigation and innovation in CRS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Vanderpool
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Burn Center of Research Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kendra P. Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Burn Center of Research Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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5
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Van Os L, Engelhardt B, Guenat OT. Integration of immune cells in organs-on-chips: a tutorial. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1191104. [PMID: 37324438 PMCID: PMC10267470 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1191104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections continue to pose significant challenges for numerous individuals globally. To develop novel therapies to combat infections, more insight into the actions of the human innate and adaptive immune system during infection is necessary. Human in vitro models, such as organs-on-chip (OOC) models, have proven to be a valuable addition to the tissue modeling toolbox. The incorporation of an immune component is needed to bring OOC models to the next level and enable them to mimic complex biological responses. The immune system affects many (patho)physiological processes in the human body, such as those taking place during an infection. This tutorial review introduces the reader to the building blocks of an OOC model of acute infection to investigate recruitment of circulating immune cells into the infected tissue. The multi-step extravasation cascade in vivo is described, followed by an in-depth guide on how to model this process on a chip. Next to chip design, creation of a chemotactic gradient and incorporation of endothelial, epithelial, and immune cells, the review focuses on the hydrogel extracellular matrix (ECM) to accurately model the interstitial space through which extravasated immune cells migrate towards the site of infection. Overall, this tutorial review is a practical guide for developing an OOC model of immune cell migration from the blood into the interstitial space during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Usman Khan M, Cai X, Shen Z, Mekonnen T, Kourmatzis A, Cheng S, Gholizadeh H. Challenges in the Development and Application of Organ-on-Chips for Intranasal Drug Delivery Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051557. [PMID: 37242799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing demand for the development of intranasal (IN) products, such as nasal vaccines, which has been especially highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of novel technologies to accurately test the safety and effectiveness of IN products in vitro so that they can be delivered promptly to the market is critically acknowledged. There have been attempts to manufacture anatomically relevant 3D replicas of the human nasal cavity for in vitro IN drug tests, and a couple of organ-on-chip (OoC) models, which mimic some key features of the nasal mucosa, have been proposed. However, these models are still in their infancy, and have not completely recapitulated the critical characteristics of the human nasal mucosa, including its biological interactions with other organs, to provide a reliable platform for preclinical IN drug tests. While the promising potential of OoCs for drug testing and development is being extensively investigated in recent research, the applicability of this technology for IN drug tests has barely been explored. This review aims to highlight the importance of using OoC models for in vitro IN drug tests and their potential applications in IN drug development by covering the background information on the wide usage of IN drugs and their common side effects where some classical examples of each area are pointed out. Specifically, this review focuses on the major challenges of developing advanced OoC technology and discusses the need to mimic the physiological and anatomical features of the nasal cavity and nasal mucosa, the performance of relevant drug safety assays, as well as the fabrication and operational aspects, with the ultimate goal to highlight the much-needed consensus, to converge the effort of the research community in this area of work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinyu Cai
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Taye Mekonnen
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Agisilaos Kourmatzis
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Hanieh Gholizadeh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Ahn J, Ohk K, Won J, Choi DH, Jung YH, Yang JH, Jun Y, Kim JA, Chung S, Lee SH. Modeling of three-dimensional innervated epidermal like-layer in a microfluidic chip-based coculture system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1488. [PMID: 36932093 PMCID: PMC10023681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of skin equivalents with physiologically relevant cellular and matrix architecture is indispensable for basic research and industrial applications. As skin-nerve crosstalk is increasingly recognized as a major element of skin physiological pathology, the development of reliable in vitro models to evaluate the selective communication between epidermal keratinocytes and sensory neurons is being demanded. In this study, we present a three-dimensional innervated epidermal keratinocyte layer as a sensory neuron-epidermal keratinocyte co-culture model on a microfluidic chip using the slope-based air-liquid interfacing culture and spatial compartmentalization. Our co-culture model recapitulates a more organized basal-suprabasal stratification, enhanced barrier function, and physiologically relevant anatomical innervation and demonstrated the feasibility of in situ imaging and functional analysis in a cell-type-specific manner, thereby improving the structural and functional limitations of previous coculture models. This system has the potential as an improved surrogate model and platform for biomedical and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchul Ahn
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyungeun Ohk
- R&D center, Humedix, Co., Ltd., Seongnam, 13201, South Korea
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jihee Won
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | | | - Yesl Jun
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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8
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Kang YJ, Xue Y, Shin JH, Cho H. Human mini-brains for reconstituting central nervous system disorders. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:964-981. [PMID: 36644973 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) are progressive and irreversible diseases leading to devastating impacts on patients' life as they cause cognitive impairment, dementia, and even loss of essential body functions. The development of effective medicines curing CNS disorders is, however, one of the most ambitious challenges due to the extremely complex functions and structures of the human brain. In this regard, there are unmet needs to develop simplified but physiopathologically-relevant brain models. Recent advances in the microfluidic techniques allow multicellular culture forming miniaturized 3D human brains by aligning parts of brain regions with specific cells serving suitable functions. In this review, we overview designs and strategies of microfluidics-based human mini-brains for reconstituting CNS disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), vascular dementia (VD), and environmental risk factor-driven dementia (ERFD). Afterward, the applications of the mini-brains in the area of medical science are introduced in terms of the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms and identification of promising biomarkers. We also present expanded model systems ranging from the CNS to CNS-connecting organ axes to study the entry pathways of pathological risk factors into the brain. Lastly, the advantages and potential challenges of current model systems are addressed with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingqi Xue
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Shin
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Khatri DK, Preeti K, Tonape S, Bhattacharjee S, Patel M, Shah S, Singh PK, Srivastava S, Gugulothu D, Vora L, Singh SB. Nanotechnological Advances for Nose to Brain Delivery of Therapeutics to Improve the Parkinson Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:493-516. [PMID: 35524671 PMCID: PMC10207920 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220507022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) acts as a highly impermeable barrier, presenting an impediment to the crossing of most classical drugs targeted for neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). About the nature of drugs and other potential molecules, they impose unavoidable doserestricted limitations eventually leading to the failure of therapy. However, many advancements in formulation technology and modification of delivery approaches have been successful in delivering the drug to the brain in the therapeutic window. The nose to the brain (N2B) drug delivery employing the nanoformulation, is one such emerging delivery approach, overcoming both classical drug formulation and delivery-associated limitations. This latter approach offers increased bioavailability, greater patient acceptance, lesser metabolic degradation of drugs, circumvention of BBB, ample drug loading along with the controlled release of the drugs. In N2B delivery, the intranasal (IN) route carries therapeutics firstly into the nasal cavity followed by the brain through olfactory and trigeminal nerve connections linked with nasal mucosa. The N2B delivery approach is being explored for delivering other biologicals like neuropeptides and mitochondria. Meanwhile, this N2B delivery system is associated with critical challenges consisting of mucociliary clearance, degradation by enzymes, and drug translocations by efflux mechanisms. These challenges finally culminated in the development of suitable surfacemodified nano-carriers and Focused- Ultrasound-Assisted IN as FUS-IN technique which has expanded the horizons of N2B drug delivery. Hence, nanotechnology, in collaboration with advances in the IN route of drug administration, has a diversified approach for treating PD. The present review discusses the physiology and limitation of IN delivery along with current advances in nanocarrier and technical development assisting N2B drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K. Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Shivraj Tonape
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Sheoshree Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Monica Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast-BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shashi B. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Ly KL, Luo X, Raub CB. Oral mucositis on a chip: modeling induction by chemo- and radiation treatments and recovery. Biofabrication 2022; 15:10.1088/1758-5090/ac933b. [PMID: 36126642 PMCID: PMC9780701 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac933b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating complication affecting roughly 70% of head and neck cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment. No broadly effective preventative treatment for OM exists. Therefore, anin vitromodel of cancer treatment-induced OM would aid studies into possible origins of the pathology and future drug targets to ameliorate it. In this study, we present a microfluidic oral mucosa triculture tissue construct consisting of a keratinocyte layer attached to a subepithelial fibroblast and endothelial cell-embedded collagen gel. To address the typically low stability of mucosal constructs in microfluidics, ruthenium-catalyzed photocrosslinking was implemented to strengthen the collagen gel and prevent the invasion of keratinocytes, thus maintaining tissue construct geometry and oral mucosa barrier function for over 18 d of culture. Next, the OM chip was exposed to cisplatin (day 10) and damaging radiation (day 11, ± cisplatin at day 10), mimicking damage from cancer therapy. Damage to and then recovery of the tissue layers and function were observed over days 11-18. Therefore, several important features of OM induction and resolution were modeled in microfluidic culture. The OM model on a chip allows for more sophisticated studies into mechanisms of OM and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh L Ly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States of America
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States of America
| | - Christopher B Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States of America
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Rosa V, Sriram G, McDonald N, Cavalcanti BN. A critical analysis of research methods and biological experimental models to study pulp regeneration. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:446-455. [PMID: 35218576 PMCID: PMC9311820 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
With advances in knowledge and treatment options, pulp regeneration is now a clear objective in clinical dental practice. For this purpose, many methodologies have been developed in attempts to address the putative questions raised both in research and in clinical practice. In the first part of this review, laboratory‐based methods will be presented, analysing the advantages, disadvantages, and benefits of cell culture methodologies and ectopic/semiorthotopic animal studies. This will also demonstrate the need for alignment between two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional laboratory techniques to accomplish the range of objectives in terms of cell responses and tissue differentiation. The second part will cover observations relating to orthotopic animal studies, describing the current models used for this purpose and how they contribute to the translation of regenerative techniques to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neville McDonald
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Neves Cavalcanti
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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3D printed transwell-integrated nose-on-chip model to evaluate effects of air flow-induced mechanical stresses on mucous secretion. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:8. [PMID: 34982244 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
While there are many chip models that simulate the air-tissue interface of the respiratory system, only a few represent the upper respiratory system. These chips are restricted to unidirectional flow patterns that are not comparable to the highly dynamic and variable flow patterns found in the native nasal cavity. Here we describe the development of a tunable nose-on-chip device that mimics the air-mucosa interface and is coupled to an air delivery system that simulates natural breathing patterns through the generation of bi-directional air flow. Additionally, we employ computational modeling to demonstrate how the device design can be tuned to replicate desired mechanical characteristics within specific regions of the human nasal cavity. We also demonstrate how to culture human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650 within the lab-on-chip (LOC) device. Lastly, Alcian Blue histological staining was performed to label mucin proteins, which play important roles in mucous secretion. Our results revealed that dynamic flow conditions can increase mucous secretion for RPMI 2650 cells, when compared to no flow, or stationary, conditions.
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Helena Macedo M, Baião A, Pinto S, Barros AS, Almeida H, Almeida A, das Neves J, Sarmento B. Mucus-producing 3D cell culture models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113993. [PMID: 34619286 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell-based models have been used for a long time since they are normally easily obtained and have an advantageous cost-benefit. Besides, they can serve a variety of ends, from studying drug absorption and metabolism to disease modeling. However, some in vitro models are too simplistic, not accurately representing the living tissues. It has been shown, mainly in the last years, that fully mimicking a tissue composition and architecture can be paramount for cellular behavior and, consequently, for the outcomes of the studies using such models. Because of this, 3D in vitro cell models have been gaining much attention, since they are able to better replicate the in vivo environment. In this review we focus on 3D models that contain mucus-producing cells, as mucus can play a pivotal role in drug absorption. Being frequently overlooked, this viscous fluid can have an impact on drug delivery. Thus, the aim of this review is to understand to which extent can mucus affect mucosal drug delivery and to provide a state-of-the-art report on the existing 3D cell-based mucus models.
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Liang M, Lei F, Liu Y, Lan D, Huang H, Zhang G, Feng Q, Cao X, Dong H. In Situ Formation of Microgel Array Via Patterned Electrospun Nanofibers Promotes 3D Cell Culture and Drug Testing in a Microphysiological System. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6209-6218. [PMID: 35006864 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A microphysiological system (MPS) is recently emerging as a promising alternative to the classical preclinical models, especially animal testing. A key factor for the construction of MPS is to provide a biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) cellular microenvironment. However, it still remains a challenge to introduce extracellular matrix (ECM)-like biomaterials such as hydrogels and nanofibers in a precise and spatiotemporal manner. Herein, we report a strategy to fabricate a MPS combining both electrospun nanofibers and hydrogels. The in situ formation of microsized hydrogel (microgel) array in MPS is realized by patterning electrospun poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/Ca2+ nanofibers via a solvent-loaded agarose stamp and injecting an alginate solution to trigger the quick ionic cross-linking between alginate and Ca2+ released from patterned nanofibers. The one-on-one integration of electrospun nanofibers and microgels not only provides a 3D cellular microenvironment in designated regions in MPS but also improves the stability of these microenvironments under dynamic culture. In addition, due to the biocompatible properties of an ionic cross-linking reaction, patterned cell array can be achieved simultaneously during the microgel formation process. A breast cancer model is then built in MPS by coculturing human breast cancer cells and human fibroblasts in microgel array, and its application in drug (cisplatin) testing is evaluated. Our data prove that MPS-MA offers a more precise platform for drug testing to evaluate the drug concentration, duration time, cancer microenvironment, etc, mainly due to its successful construction of the biomimetic 3D cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Fan Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dongxu Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hanhao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China.,School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hua Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510641, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071079. [PMID: 34371770 PMCID: PMC8309016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is an attractive route for both local and systemic drug delivery and holds great potential for access to the brain via the olfactory region, an area where the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is effectively absent. However, the olfactory region is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and only represents ~5–7% of the epithelial surface area, presenting significant challenges for the deposition of drug molecules for nose to brain drug delivery (NTBDD). Aerosolized particles have the potential to be directed to the olfactory region, but their specific deposition within this area is confounded by a complex combination of factors, which include the properties of the formulation, the delivery device and how it is used, and differences in inter-patient physiology. In this review, an in-depth examination of these different factors is provided in relation to both in vitro and in vivo studies and how advances in the fabrication of nasal cast models and analysis of aerosol deposition can be utilized to predict in vivo outcomes more accurately. The challenges faced in assessing the nasal deposition of aerosolized particles within the paediatric population are specifically considered, representing an unmet need for nasal and NTBDD to treat CNS disorders.
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Microfluidic System for In Vivo-Like Drug Permeation Studies with Dynamic Dilution Profiles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8050058. [PMID: 34063027 PMCID: PMC8147988 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated biomimetic systems for the preclinical testing of drugs are of great interest. Here, an in vitro testing platform for in vivo adapted drug absorption studies is presented. It has been designed with a focus on easy handling and the usability of established cell cultivation techniques in standard well plate inserts. The platform consists of a microfluidic device, which accommodates a well plate insert with pre-cultivated cells, and provides a fluid flow with dynamic drug dilution profiles. A low-cost single-board computer with a touchscreen was used as a control unit. This provides a graphical user interface, controls the syringe pump flow rates, and records the transepithelial electrical resistance. It thereby enables automated parallel testing in multiple devices at the same time. To demonstrate functionality, an MDCK cell layer was used as a model for an epithelial barrier for drug permeation testing. This confirms the possibility of performing absorption studies on barrier tissues under conditions close to those in vivo. Therefore, a further reduction in animal experiments can be expected.
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Gholizadeh H, Ong HX, Bradbury P, Kourmatzis A, Traini D, Young P, Li M, Cheng S. Real-time quantitative monitoring of in vitro nasal drug delivery by a nasal epithelial mucosa-on-a-chip model. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:803-818. [PMID: 33410717 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1873274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A human nasal epithelial mucosa (NEM) on-a-chip is developed integrated with a novel carbon nanofibers-modified carbon electrode for real-time quantitative monitoring of in vitro nasal drug delivery. The integration of platinum electrodes in the chip also enables real-time measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). METHODS The air-liquid interface culture of nasal epithelial RPMI 2650 cells in the NEM-on-a-chip was optimized to mimic the key functional characteristics of the human nasal mucosa. The epithelial transport of ibuprofen in the NEM-on-a-chip was electrochemically monitored in real-time under static and physiologically realistic dynamic flow conditions. RESULTS The NEM-on-a-chip mimics the mucus production and nasal epithelial barrier function of the human nasal mucosa. The real-time drug quantification by the NEM-on-a-chip was validated versus the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The drug transport rate monitored in the NEM-on-a-chip was influenced by the flow in the bottom compartment of the chip, highlighting the importance of emulating the dynamic in vivo condition for nasal drug transport studies. CONCLUSION This novel NEM-on-a-chip can be a low-cost and time-efficient alternative to the costly laborious conventional techniques for in vitro nasal drug transport assays. Importantly, its dynamic microenvironment enables conducting nasal drug transport tests under physiologically relevant dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Gholizadeh
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peta Bradbury
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Agisilaos Kourmatzis
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Development of a Human Respiratory Mucosa-on-a-chip using Decellularized Extracellular Matrix. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Hwang SH, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Prospects and Opportunities for Microsystems and Microfluidic Devices in the Field of Otorhinolaryngology. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 14:29-42. [PMID: 32772034 PMCID: PMC7904428 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic systems can be used to control picoliter to microliter volumes in ways not possible with other methods of fluid handling. In recent years, the field of microfluidics has grown rapidly, with microfluidic devices offering possibilities to impact biology and medicine. Microfluidic devices populated with human cells have the potential to mimic the physiological functions of tissues and organs in a three-dimensional microenvironment and enable the study of mechanisms of human diseases, drug discovery and the practice of personalized medicine. In the field of otorhinolaryngology, various types of microfluidic systems have already been introduced to study organ physiology, diagnose diseases, and evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, microfluidic technologies can be implemented at all levels of otorhinolaryngology. This review is intended to promote understanding of microfluidic properties and introduce the recent literature on application of microfluidic-related devices in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | | | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kanninen KM, Lampinen R, Rantanen LM, Odendaal L, Jalava P, Chew S, White AR. Olfactory cell cultures to investigate health effects of air pollution exposure: Implications for neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104729. [PMID: 32201281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major, global public health concern. A growing body of evidence shows that exposure to air pollutants may impair the brain. Living in highly polluted areas has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, where exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants in urban environments may have harmful effects on brain function. These harmful effects are thought to originate from elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. The olfactory epithelium is a key entry site of air pollutants into the brain as the particles are deposited in the upper airways and the nasal region. A potential source of patient-derived cells for study of air pollutant effects is the olfactory mucosa, which constitutes a central part of the olfactory epithelium. This review first summarizes the current literature on the available in vitro models of the olfactory epithelium. It then describes how alterations of the olfactory mucosa are linked to neurodegeneration and discusses potential therapeutic applications of these cells for neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, it reviews the research performed on the effects of air pollutant exposure in cells of the olfactory epithelium. Patient-derived olfactory epithelial models hold great promise for not only elucidating the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, but for providing key understanding about air pollutant particle entry and effects at this key brain entry site.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - R Lampinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - L M Rantanen
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - L Odendaal
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - P Jalava
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Chew
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - A R White
- Mental Health Program, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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21
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SUN W, CHEN YQ, WANG MF, WANG YR, ZHANG M, ZHANG HY, HU P. Study on Drug Resistance to Tumor Cell in Oxygen Gradient and Co-culture Microfluidic Chip. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Liu H, Wang Y, Cui K, Guo Y, Zhang X, Qin J. Advances in Hydrogels in Organoids and Organs-on-a-Chip. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902042. [PMID: 31282047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in materials, microscale technology, and stem cell biology have enabled the construction of 3D tissues and organs, which will ultimately lead to more effective diagnostics and therapy. Organoids and organs-on-a-chip (OOC), evolved from developmental biology and bioengineering principles, have emerged as major technological breakthrough and distinct model systems to revolutionize biomedical research and drug discovery by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexity of human organs in vitro. There is growing interest in the development of functional biomaterials, especially hydrogels, for utilization in these promising systems to build more physiologically relevant 3D tissues with defined properties. The remarkable properties of defined hydrogels as proper extracellular matrix that can instruct cellular behaviors are presented. The recent trend where functional hydrogels are integrated into organoids and OOC systems for the construction of 3D tissue models is highlighted. Future opportunities and perspectives in the development of advanced hydrogels toward accelerating organoids and OOC research in biomedical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kangli Cui
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Byun J, Song B, Lee K, Kim B, Hwang HW, Ok MR, Jeon H, Lee K, Baek SK, Kim SH, Oh SJ, Kim TH. Identification of urban particulate matter-induced disruption of human respiratory mucosa integrity using whole transcriptome analysis and organ-on-a chip. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:88. [PMID: 31788025 PMCID: PMC6858671 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with various diseases in the human respiratory system. To date, most in vitro studies showing cellular responses to PM have been performed in cell culture using a single cell type. There are few studies considering how multicellular networks communicate in a tissue microenvironment when responding to the presence of PM. Here, an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip, composed of human nasal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, is used to recapitulate and better understand the effects of urban particulate matter (UPM) on human respiratory mucosa. Results We hypothesized that the first cells to contact with UPM, the nasal epithelial cells, would respond similar to the tissue microenvironment, and the 3D respiratory mucosa model would be a suitable platform to capture these events. First, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that UPM induced gene expression alterations in inflammatory and adhesion-related genes in human nasal epithelial cells. Next, we developed an in vitro 3D respiratory mucosa model composed of human nasal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells and demonstrated that the model is structurally and functionally compatible with the respiratory mucosa. Finally, we used our model to expose human nasal epithelial cells to UPM, which led to a disruption in the integrity of the respiratory mucosa by decreasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 in both the epithelium and endothelium, while also reducing vascular endothelial cadherin expression in the endothelium. Conclusions We demonstrate the potential of the 3D respiratory mucosa model as a valuable tool for the simultaneous evaluation of multicellular responses caused by external stimuli in the human respiratory mucosa. We believe that the evaluation strategy proposed in the study will move us toward a better understanding of the detailed molecular mechanisms associated with pathological changes in the human respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Byun
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Boa Song
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea.,3Neuroscience Research institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Hwang
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ryul Ok
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kijeong Lee
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
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Ladel S, Schlossbauer P, Flamm J, Luksch H, Mizaikoff B, Schindowski K. Improved In Vitro Model for Intranasal Mucosal Drug Delivery: Primary Olfactory and Respiratory Epithelial Cells Compared with the Permanent Nasal Cell Line RPMI 2650. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080367. [PMID: 31374872 PMCID: PMC6723747 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epithelial layer of the nasal mucosa is the first barrier for drug permeation during intranasal drug delivery. With increasing interest for intranasal pathways, adequate in vitro models are required. Here, porcine olfactory (OEPC) and respiratory (REPC) primary cells were characterised against the nasal tumour cell line RPMI 2650. Methods: Culture conditions for primary cells from porcine nasal mucosa were optimized and the cells characterised via light microscope, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Epithelial barrier function was analysed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and FITC-dextran was used as model substance for transepithelial permeation. Beating cilia necessary for mucociliary clearance were studied by immunoreactivity against acetylated tubulin. Results: OEPC and REPC barrier models differ in TEER, transepithelial permeation and MUC5AC levels. In contrast, RPMI 2650 displayed lower levels of MUC5AC, cilia markers and TEER, and higher FITC-dextran flux rates. Conclusion: To screen pharmaceutical formulations for intranasal delivery in vitro, translational mucosal models are needed. Here, a novel and comprehensive characterisation of OEPC and REPC against RPMI 2650 is presented. The established primary models display an appropriate model for nasal mucosa with secreted MUC5AC, beating cilia and a functional epithelial barrier, which is suitable for long-term evaluation of sustained release dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Harald Luksch
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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25
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An in vitro pressure model towards studying the response of primary retinal ganglion cells to elevated hydrostatic pressures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9057. [PMID: 31227762 PMCID: PMC6588599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). A well-established risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma is elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). However, how elevated IOP leads to RGC degeneration remains poorly understood. Here, we fabricate a facile, tunable hydrostatic pressure platform to study the effect of increased hydrostatic pressure on RGC axon and total neurite length, cell body area, dendritic branching, and cell survival. The hydrostatic pressure can be adjusted by varying the height of a liquid reservoir attached to a three-dimensional (3D)-printed adapter. The proposed platform enables long-term monitoring of primary RGCs in response to various pressure levels. Our results showed pressure-dependent changes in the axon length, and the total neurite length. The proportion of RGCs with neurite extensions significantly decreased by an average of 38 ± 2% (mean ± SEM) at pressures 30 mmHg and above (p < 0.05). The axon length and total neurite length decreased at a rate of 1.65 ± 0.18 μm and 4.07 ± 0.34 μm, respectively (p < 0.001), for each mmHg increase in pressure after 72 hours pressure treatment. Dendritic branching increased by 0.20 ± 0.05 intersections/day at pressures below 25 mmHg, and decreased by 0.07 ± 0.01 intersections/day at pressures above 25 mmHg (p < 0.001). There were no significant changes in cell body area under different levels of hydrostatic pressure (p ≥ 0.05). Application of this model will facilitate studies on the biophysical mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of glaucoma and provide a channel for the screening of potential pharmacological agents for neuroprotection.
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Rahimi C, Rahimi B, Padova D, Rooholghodos SA, Bienek DR, Luo X, Kaufman G, Raub CB. Oral mucosa-on-a-chip to assess layer-specific responses to bacteria and dental materials. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:054106. [PMID: 30310527 PMCID: PMC6158033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The human oral mucosa hosts a diverse microbiome and is exposed to potentially toxic biomaterials from dental restoratives. Mucosal health is partly determined by cell and tissue responses to challenges such as dental materials and pathogenic bacteria. An in vitro model to rapidly determine potential layer-specific responses would lead to a better understanding of mucosal homeostasis and pathology. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a co-cultured microfluidic mucosal model on-a-chip to rapidly assess mucosal remodeling and the responses of epithelial and subepithelial layers to challenges typically found in the oral environment. A gingival fibroblast-laden collagen hydrogel was assembled in the central channel of a three-channel microfluidic chamber with interconnecting pores, followed by a keratinocyte layer attached to the collagen exposed in the pores. This configuration produced apical and subepithelial side channels capable of sustaining flow. Keratinocyte, fibroblast, and collagen densities were optimized to create a co-culture tissue-like construct stable over one week. Cells were stained and imaged with epifluorescence microscopy to confirm layer characteristics. As proof-of-concept, the mucosal construct was exposed separately to a dental monomer, 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Exposure to HEMA lowered mucosal cell viability, while exposure to the bacteria lowered trans-epithelial electrical resistance. These findings suggest that the oral mucosa-on-a-chip is useful for studying oral mucosal interactions with bacteria and biomaterials with a histology-like view of the tissue layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Benjamin Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Dominic Padova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Seyed A. Rooholghodos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Diane R. Bienek
- ADA Foundation, Volpe Research Center, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop #8546, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Gili Kaufman
- ADA Foundation, Volpe Research Center, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop #8546, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
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Wang S, Mao S, Li M, Li HF, Lin JM. Near-physiological microenvironment simulation on chip to evaluate drug resistance of different loci in tumour mass. Talanta 2018; 191:67-73. [PMID: 30262100 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing a bio-functional model in vitro to study cancer resistance, which is a big challenge for clinical cancer therapy, is of great interest. Such reliable model requires appropriate drug diffusion kinetics simulation and a microenvironment that allows cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this work, a special hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic chip was constructed to simulate tumour-vascular microenvironment. The self-healing hydrogel supports long-time cell survival and proliferation, effective cellular metabolism of cancer drugs and cell-cell interaction between different types of cells. In the effective near-physiological tumour-vascular microenvironment, the endothelial and fibroblast cells are spread on different sides of a porous membrane, while sensitive and resistant breast tumour cells are separately cultured in the dynamic hydrogel consisting of glycol chitosan and telechelic difunctional poly (ethylene glycol) in the upper chambers. Nutrients and drugs are introduced through the bottom channel and diffuse into the cancer cells. Doxorubicin molecules pass first through blood vessel endothelial cells and act on the tumour cells surrounded by fibroblasts. Tumour cells respond differently to drug when they are cultured in the microenvironment. Sensitive breast tumour cells have a 47% increase in viability than those cultured without fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Both sensitive and resistant tumour cells can be analysed under the same chemical environment. This work represents a multi-functional in vitro platform that allows near-physiological simulation, effective drug metabolism and cellular response to extracellular stimuli and has great potential to make drug discovery speedy and precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai-Fang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Al-Sayed AA, Agu RU, Massoud E. Models for the study of nasal and sinus physiology in health and disease: A review of the literature. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017; 2:398-409. [PMID: 29299515 PMCID: PMC5743156 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic sinusitis is a very common yet poorly understood medical condition with significant morbidity. Hence, it remains an entity that is difficult to treat with unsatisfactory outcomes of current management options. This necessitates research into the etiology and pathophysiology of the condition to enhance our knowledge and the therapeutic options. Unfortunately, this kind of research is not always feasible on human subjects due to practical and ethical limitations. Therefore, an alternative model that simulates the disease had to be found in order to overcome these limitations. These models could either be in vivo or in vitro. The aim of our review is to summarize the research findings and key discoveries of both in vivo and in vitro models of chronic sinusitis that have enhanced our understanding of the condition today and have paved the way for the future research of tomorrow. Data Sources: PubMed literature review. Methods A review of the literature was conducted to identify the main successful in vivo and in vitro models for chronic sinusitis. Results Creating a successful model for chronic sinusitis is no easy task. Over the years, both in vivo animal models and in vitro tissue culture models were proposed, with each model having its accolades and pitfalls, with the ideal model remaining elusive to this day. However, advancing three‐dimensional cell culturing techniques seems to be a promising new way to find a more accurate model. Conclusion None of the current models is perfect for a thorough study of chronic sinusitis. However, three‐dimensional cell cultures have the potential to bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro studies. Level of Evidence NA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Sayed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Remigius U Agu
- College of Pharmacy Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 1500 Halifax NS B3H4R2 Canada
| | - Emad Massoud
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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