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Klingler F, Schlossbauer P, Naumann L, Handrick R, Hesse F, Neusüß C, Otte K. Developing microRNAs as engineering tools to modulate monoclonal antibody galactosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1355-1365. [PMID: 38079069 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and is considered to be a critical quality attribute (CQA), as the glycan composition often has immunomodulatory effects. Since terminal galactose residues of mAbs can affect antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC) activation, serum half-life, and antiviral activity it has to be monitored, controlled and modulated to ensure therapeutic effects. The ability of small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) to modulate glycosylation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells was recently reported establishing miRNAs as engineering tools for modulation of protein glycosylation. In this study, we report the characterization and validation of miRNAs as engineering tools for increased (mmu-miR-452-5p, mmu-miR-193b-3p) or decreased (mmu-miR-7646-5p, mmu-miR-7243-3p, mmu-miR-1668, mmu-let-7c-1-3p, mmu-miR-7665-3p, mmu-miR-6403) degree of galactosylation. Furthermore, the biological mode of action regulating gene expression of the galactosylation pathway was characterized as well as their influence on bioprocess-related parameters. Most important, stable plasmid-based overexpression of these miRNAs represents a versatile tool for engineering N-linked galactosylation to achieve favorable phenotypes in cell lines for biopharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Klingler
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Lukas Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | - Friedemann Hesse
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach, Germany
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Klingler F, Naumann L, Schlossbauer P, Dreyer L, Burkhart M, Handrick R, Junker HD, Hesse F, Neusüß C, Otte K. A novel system for glycosylation engineering by natural and artificial miRNAs. Metab Eng 2023; 77:53-63. [PMID: 36906118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification of many biopharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), capable of modifying their biological effect in patients and thus considered as a critical quality attribute (CQA). However, expression of desired and consistent glycosylation patterns remains a constant challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry and constitutes the need for tools to engineer glycosylation. Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of entire gene networks and have therefore the potential of being used as tools for modulation of glycosylation pathways and for glycoengineering. Here, we demonstrate that novel identified natural miRNAs are capable of altering N-linked glycosylation patterns on mAbs expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We established a workflow for a functional high-throughput screening of a complete miRNA mimic library and identified 82 miRNA sequences affecting various moieties including galactosylation, sialylation, and α-1,6 linked core-fucosylation, an important glycan feature influencing antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). Subsequent validation shed light on the intra-cellular mode of action and the impact on the cellular fucosylation pathway of miRNAs reducing core-fucosylation. While multiplex approaches increased phenotypic effects on the glycan structure, a synthetic biology approach utilizing rational design of artificial miRNAs further enhanced the potential of miRNAs as novel, versatile and tune-able tools for engineering of N-linked glycosylation pathways and expressed glycosylation patterns towards favourable phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Klingler
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Lukas Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Leonard Dreyer
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Madina Burkhart
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Junker
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Friedemann Hesse
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany
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Naumann L, Schlossbauer P, Klingler F, Hesse F, Otte K, Neusüß C. High throughput glycosylation analysis of intact monoclonal antibodies by mass spectrometry coupled with capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2034-2044. [PMID: 35044720 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of monoclonal antibodies glycosylation is a crucial quality control attribute of biopharmaceutical drugs. High throughput screening approaches for antibody glycoform analysis are required in various stages of process optimization. Here, we present high throughput screening suitable mass spectrometry-based workflows for the analysis of intact antibody glycosylation out of cell supernatants. Capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography were coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight MS or Orbitrap MS. Both separation methods offer fast separation (10-15 min) and the capability to prevent the separated cell supernatant matrix to enter the MS by post-separation valving. Both MS instruments provide comparable results and both are sufficient to determine the glycosylation pattern of the five major glycoforms of the measured antibodies. However, the Orbitrap yields higher sensitivity of 25 μg/mL (CE-nanoCEasy-Orbitrap MS) and 5 μg/mL (LC-Orbitrap MS). Data processing was optimized for a faster processing and easier detection of low abundant glycoforms based on averaged charge-deconvoluted mass spectra. This approach combines a non-target glycoform analysis, while yielding the same glycosylation pattern as the traditional approach based on extracted ion traces. The presented methods enable the high throughput screening of the glycosylation pattern of antibodies down to low μg/mL-range out of cell supernatant without any sample preparation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, Aalen, 73430, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Department of applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Karlstraße 6-11, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Florian Klingler
- Department of applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Karlstraße 6-11, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Friedemann Hesse
- Department of applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Karlstraße 6-11, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Department of applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Karlstraße 6-11, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, Aalen, 73430, Germany
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Raab N, Zeh N, Schlossbauer P, Mathias S, Lindner B, Stadermann A, Gamer M, Fischer S, Holzmann K, Handrick R, Otte K. A blueprint from nature: miRNome comparison of plasma cells and CHO cells to optimize therapeutic antibody production. N Biotechnol 2021; 66:79-88. [PMID: 34710621 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are the most frequently used biopharmaceutical production hosts, although industry is presently suffering from their variable recombinant product quality, insufficient long-term stability and low productivity. Here, we present an effort to address overall cell line engineering by a novel bottom-up microRNA (miRNA) screening approach. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to regulate global gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have proved to serve as promising tools for cell line engineering for over a decade. Here the miRNome of plasma cells (PCs) has been analyzed as the natural blueprint for optimized production and secretion of antibodies. Performing comparative miRNome cross-species expression analysis of four murine/human PC-derived (PCD) and two CHO cell lines showed 147 conserved miRNAs to be differentially expressed between PCDs and CHOs. Conducting a targeted miRNA screen of this PC-specific miRNA subset revealed 14 miRNAs to improve bioprocess relevant parameters in CHO cells, among them the PC-characteristic miR-183 cluster. Finally, miRNA target prediction tools and transcriptome analysis were combined to elucidate differentially regulated lysine degradation and fatty acid metabolism pathways in monoclonal antibody (mAb) expressing CHO-DG44 and CHO-K1 cells, respectively. Thus, substantial new insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms of biopharmaceutical production cell lines can be gained by targeted bottom-up miRNA screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Raab
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nikolas Zeh
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Biberach, Germany
| | - Sven Mathias
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Biberach, Germany; Early Stage Bioprocess Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lindner
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anna Stadermann
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martin Gamer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, Biberach, Germany.
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Zeh N, Schlossbauer P, Raab N, Klingler F, Handrick R, Otte K. Cell line development for continuous high cell density biomanufacturing: Exploiting hypoxia for improved productivity. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00181. [PMID: 34401326 PMCID: PMC8348152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) induces adverse effects during biotherapeutic protein production leading to reduced productivity and cell growth. Hypoxic conditions occur during classical batch fermentations using high cell densities or perfusion processes. Here we present an effort to create novel engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines by exploiting encountered hypoxic bioprocess conditions to reinforce cellular production capacities. After verifying the conservation of the hypoxia-responsive pathway in CHO cell lines by analyzing oxygen sensing proteins HIF1a, HIF1β and VDL, hypoxia-response-elements (HREs) were functionally analyzed and used to create hypoxia-responsive expression vectors. Subsequently engineered hypoxia sensitive CHO cell lines significantly induced protein expression (SEAP) during adverse oxygen limitation encountered during batch fermentations as well as high cell density perfusion processes (2.7 fold). We also exploited this novel cell system to establish a highly effective oxygen shift as innovative bioprocessing strategy using hypoxia induction to improve production titers. Thus, substantial improvements can be made to optimize CHO cell productivity for novel bioprocessing challenges as oxygen limitation, providing an avenue to establish better cell systems by exploiting adverse process conditions for optimized biotherapeutic production. Demonstration of the capability of CHO cells for oxygen sensing Characterization of the most potent hypoxia response elements in CHO cells Enhanced productivity of CHO cells exploiting oxygen deprivation conditions Introduction of a novel bioprocessing strategy by shifting pO2
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Zeh
- Corresponding author. Hubertus-Liebrechtstraße 35, 88400, Biberach, Germany.
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Ladel S, Maigler F, Flamm J, Schlossbauer P, Handl A, Hermann R, Herzog H, Hummel T, Mizaikoff B, Schindowski K. Impact of Glycosylation and Species Origin on the Uptake and Permeation of IgGs through the Nasal Airway Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 33114132 PMCID: PMC7690786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although we have recently reported the involvement of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in intranasal transport, the transport mechanisms are far from being elucidated. Ex vivo porcine olfactory tissue, primary cells from porcine olfactory epithelium (OEPC) and the human cell line RPMI 2650 were used to evaluate the permeation of porcine and human IgG antibodies through the nasal mucosa. IgGs were used in their wild type and deglycosylated form to investigate the impact of glycosylation. Further, the expression of FcRn and Fc-gamma receptor (FCGR) and their interaction with IgG were analyzed. Comparable permeation rates for human and porcine IgG were observed in OEPC, which display the highest expression of FcRn. Only traces of porcine IgGs could be recovered at the basolateral compartment in ex vivo olfactory tissue, while human IgGs reached far higher levels. Deglycosylated human IgG showed significantly higher permeation in comparison to the wild type in RPMI 2650 and OEPC, but insignificantly elevated in the ex vivo model. An immunoprecipitation with porcine primary cells and tissue identified FCGR2 as a potential interaction partner in the nasal mucosa. Glycosylation sensitive receptors appear to be involved in the uptake, transport, but also degradation of therapeutic IgGs in the airway epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Maigler
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Alina Handl
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hermann
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Helena Herzog
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
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Ladel S, Schlossbauer P, Flamm J, Luksch H, Mizaikoff B, Schindowski K. Improved In Vitro Model for Intranasal Mucosal Drug Delivery: Primary Olfactory and Respiratory Epithelial Cells Compared with the Permanent Nasal Cell Line RPMI 2650. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080367. [PMID: 31374872 PMCID: PMC6723747 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epithelial layer of the nasal mucosa is the first barrier for drug permeation during intranasal drug delivery. With increasing interest for intranasal pathways, adequate in vitro models are required. Here, porcine olfactory (OEPC) and respiratory (REPC) primary cells were characterised against the nasal tumour cell line RPMI 2650. Methods: Culture conditions for primary cells from porcine nasal mucosa were optimized and the cells characterised via light microscope, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Epithelial barrier function was analysed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and FITC-dextran was used as model substance for transepithelial permeation. Beating cilia necessary for mucociliary clearance were studied by immunoreactivity against acetylated tubulin. Results: OEPC and REPC barrier models differ in TEER, transepithelial permeation and MUC5AC levels. In contrast, RPMI 2650 displayed lower levels of MUC5AC, cilia markers and TEER, and higher FITC-dextran flux rates. Conclusion: To screen pharmaceutical formulations for intranasal delivery in vitro, translational mucosal models are needed. Here, a novel and comprehensive characterisation of OEPC and REPC against RPMI 2650 is presented. The established primary models display an appropriate model for nasal mucosa with secreted MUC5AC, beating cilia and a functional epithelial barrier, which is suitable for long-term evaluation of sustained release dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Harald Luksch
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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Ladel S, Flamm J, Zadeh AS, Filzwieser D, Walter JC, Schlossbauer P, Kinscherf R, Lischka K, Luksch H, Schindowski K. Allogenic Fc Domain-Facilitated Uptake of IgG in Nasal Lamina Propria: Friend or Foe for Intranasal CNS Delivery? Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030107. [PMID: 30050027 PMCID: PMC6161100 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of neurological diseases is of increasing interest. Nose-to-brain drug delivery is one strategy to bypass the blood brain barrier. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays an important role in transepithelial transcytosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Recently, the presence of the FcRn was observed in nasal respiratory mucosa. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of functional FcRn in olfactory mucosa and to evaluate its role in drug delivery. Methods: Immunoreactivity and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of FcRn was determined in ex vivo porcine olfactory mucosa. Uptake of IgG was performed in a side-by-side cell and analysed by immunofluorescence. Results: FcRn was found in epithelial and basal cells of the olfactory epithelium as well as in glands, cavernous bodies and blood vessels. Allogenic porcine IgGs were found time-dependently in the lamina propria and along axonal bundles, while only small amounts of xenogenic human IgGs were detected. Interestingly, lymphoid follicles were spared from allogenic IgGs. Conclusion: Fc-mediated transport of IgG across the nasal epithelial barrier may have significant potential for intranasal delivery, but the relevance of immune interaction in lymphoid follicles must be clarified to avoid immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
- Faculty for Natural Sciences, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
- Faculty for Natural Sciences, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Arghavan Soleimani Zadeh
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
- Faculty for Natural Sciences, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School 'Molecular Medicine', University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Filzwieser
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Julia-Christina Walter
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
- Faculty for Natural Sciences, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Lischka
- Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Harald Luksch
- Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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