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Hamed A, Yamaguchi LF, Valencia Morante EY, Spira B, Stammler HG, El Gaafary M, Ziegler D, Syrovets T, Simmet T, Kato MJ. Cannabinoid-like meroterpenoids from Peperomia incana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 207:113551. [PMID: 36509184 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ten previously undescribed metabolites were isolated from Peperomia incana (Haw.) A. Dietr. (Piperaceae), among which four contained a chromene moiety, two were identified as meroterpene lactones, and four were cannabinoid-like compounds. While the chemical structures of the compounds were assigned based on HRESIMS and 1D and 2D-NMR spectra analyses, the relative and absolute configurations were assigned from NOE correlations and a combination of ECD data and X-ray single crystal analyses, respectively. In a cytotoxic assay against a panel of seven human cancer cell lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, DU 145, 5637, Hep G2, and MIA PaCa-2, which represent non-small cell lung cancer, as well as breast, cervical, prostate, bladder, liver, and pancreas carcinomas, respectively) most of the isolated compounds showed promising cytotoxic activities. The incanachromenes B, and incanabinoids A and C exhibited the highest cytotoxicity toward all tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 5.0-10.0 μM, whereas incanolides A, B, and incanabinoid B showed the lowest cytotoxic activity. In addition, incanachromene C and incanabinoid C produced a significant antibacterial effect toward planktonic cells and biofilms of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaaty Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, 11884, Egypt; Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av.Prof.Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lydia Fumiko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av.Prof.Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Ynés Valencia Morante
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av.Prof.Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Beny Spira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av.Prof.Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Hans Georg Stammler
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Department of Chemistry, D-33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Menna El Gaafary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - David Ziegler
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Massuo Jorge Kato
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av.Prof.Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Yu MY, Liu SN, Luo EE, Jin Q, Liu H, Liu HY, Luo XD, Qin XJ. Phloroglucinols with hAChE and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities from the leaves of tropic Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113394. [PMID: 36007662 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed phloroglucinol meroterpenoids, rhodotomentodiones A-D, and one undescribed phloroglucinol dimer, rhodotomentodimer A, were obtained and structurally established from tropic Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated based on the comprehensive analyses of the NMR and MS spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In particular, rhodotomentodiones A and B represent the first examples of phloroglucinol meroterpenoids featuring a unique γ-pyranoid moiety. More importantly, rhodotomentodimer A exhibited the most potential human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 7.5 μM and 5.6 μM, respectively. The possible interaction sites of the above potential hAChE and α-glucosidase inhibitor were achieved by molecular docking studies. These findings greatly enrich the diversity of natural products from Myrtaceae species, and provide potential candidates for the further development of anti-Alzheimer and antidiabetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - E-E Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Fuloria NK, Raheja RK, Shah KH, Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Fuloria S. Biological activities of meroterpenoids isolated from different sources. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830103. [PMID: 36199687 PMCID: PMC9527340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are natural products synthesized by unicellular organisms such as bacteria and multicellular organisms such as fungi, plants, and animals, including those of marine origin. Structurally, these compounds exhibit a wide diversity depending upon the origin and the biosynthetic pathway they emerge from. This diversity in structural features imparts a wide spectrum of biological activity to meroterpenoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of origin, these compounds are either polyketide-terpenoids or non-polyketide terpenoids. The recent surge of interest in meroterpenoids has led to a systematic screening of these compounds for many biological actions. Different meroterpenoids have been recorded for a broad range of operations, such as anti-cholinesterase, COX-2 inhibitory, anti-leishmanial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-bacterial, antimalarial, anti-viral, anti-obesity, and insecticidal activity. Meroterpenoids also possess inhibitory activity against the expression of nitric oxide, TNF- α, and other inflammatory mediators. These compounds also show renal protective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. The present review includes literature from 1999 to date and discusses 590 biologically active meroterpenoids, of which 231 are from fungal sources, 212 are from various species of plants, and 147 are from marine sources such as algae and sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaushal H. Shah
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha J. Oza
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A. Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shivkanya Fuloria,
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4
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Phang YL, Liu S, Zheng C, Xu H. Recent advances in the synthesis of natural products containing the phloroglucinol motif. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1766-1802. [PMID: 35762867 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: June 2009 to 2021Natural products containing a phloroglucinol motif include simple and oligomeric phloroglucinols, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, phloroglucinol-terpenes, xanthones, flavonoids, and coumarins. These compounds represent a major class of secondary metabolites which exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties. A number of these compounds have been authorized for therapeutic use or are currently being studied in clinical trials. Their structural diversity and utility in both traditional and conventional medicine have made them popular synthetic targets over the years. In this review, we compile and summarise the recent synthetic approaches to the natural products bearing a phloroglucinol motif. Focus has been given on ingenious strategies to functionalize the phloroglucinol moiety at multiple positions. The isolation and bioactivities of the compounds are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lin Phang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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5
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of difluoroalkylated protoilludanes obtained by a practical radical cascade difluoroalkylation-cyclization reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: a variety of chemical transformations and biological activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Mo QH, Yan MQ, Zhou XL, Luo Q, Huang XS, Liang CQ. Phloroglucinol derivatives rhotomensones A-G from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112890. [PMID: 34388480 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Undescribed phloroglucinol derivatives, rhotomensones A-G, and a known derivative rhodomyrtosone B, were isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Rhotomensones A-D and G have unreported structural characteristics, in which rhotomensone A substitutes a benzene ring, rhotomensones B-D are bonded with a 2-methylbutanoyl group, and rhotomensone G has two fewer carbons. The structures of these compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase of rhotomensones E and F were evaluated in vitro, with IC50 values of 0.50 ± 0.14 mg/mL and 0.07 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Moreover, rhodomyrtosone B showed significant antibacterial activity against some bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 0.50 to 16.00 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hu Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
| | - Meng-Qi Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China.
| | - Qin Luo
- Science Experiment Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
| | - Xi-Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Qin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China.
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8
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Lu X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang S, Tan H. Cyclohexanone and Phenolic Acid Derivatives from Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe foeniculina. Front Chem 2021; 9:738307. [PMID: 34540805 PMCID: PMC8440800 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.738307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of an endophytic fungus Diaporthe foeniculina SCBG-15, led to the isolation of eight new cyclohexanone derivatives, foeniculins A–H (1–8) and three new phenolic acid derivatives, foeniculins I–K (9–11). Their structures were extensively established on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra together with COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments. The absolute configurations were confirmed by quantum chemical ECD calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of isolated compounds 1–11 were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Sasa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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9
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Nazir M, Saleem M, Tousif MI, Anwar MA, Surup F, Ali I, Wang D, Mamadalieva NZ, Alshammari E, Ashour ML, Ashour AM, Ahmed I, Elizbit, Green IR, Hussain H. Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:957. [PMID: 34209734 PMCID: PMC8301922 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites formed due to mixed biosynthetic pathways which are produced in part from a terpenoid co-substrate. These mixed biosynthetically hybrid compounds are widely produced by bacteria, algae, plants, and animals. Notably amazing chemical diversity is generated among meroterpenoids via a combination of terpenoid scaffolds with polyketides, alkaloids, phenols, and amino acids. This review deals with the isolation, chemical diversity, and biological effects of 452 new meroterpenoids reported from natural sources from January 2016 to December 2020. Most of the meroterpenoids possess antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, enzyme inhibitory, and immunosupressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamona Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Tousif
- Department of Chemistry, DG Khan Campus, University of Education Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aijaz Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
| | - Frank Surup
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Nilufar Z Mamadalieva
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Mirzo Ulugbek Str 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Elham Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Elizbit
- Department of Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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10
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Deng LM, Hu LJ, Tang W, Liu JX, Huang XJ, Li YY, Li YL, Ye WC, Wang Y. A biomimetic synthesis-enabled stereochemical assignment of rhodotomentones A and B, two unusual caryophyllene-derived meroterpenoids from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhodotomentones A and B (1 and 2), two unusual caryophyllene-derived meroterpenoids (CDMTs) featuring a rare 6/6/9/4/6/6 hexacyclic ring system, along with their biogenetically-related CDMTs 7 and 12–15, were isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ming Deng
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Hu
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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11
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Polymethylated acylphloroglucinols from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa exert acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104519. [PMID: 33293058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the twigs and leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa led to the isolation and structural identification of a novel polymethylated phloroglucinol meroterpenoid (PPM) featuring a 6/6/6/6 tetracyclic system, rhotomentodione F (1), five new polymethylated polycyclic phloroglucinols (PPPs) with a rare bis-furan framework, rhotomentosones A-E (2-6), and one new adduct composed of an acylphloroglucinol and two β-triketone units, rhotomentosone F (7), as well as five known analogues (8-12). Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Compound 6 displayed significant AChE inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 8.68 μM. Further molecular docking studies of 6 revealed that the interactions with AChE residues Ser125, Glu202, and Tyr133 are crucial for AChE inhibitory activity. The current study not only enriches the chemical diversity of phloroglucinols in Myrtaceae species, but also provides potential lead compounds for the further design and development of new AChE inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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12
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Wu Y, Liu JW, Liu C, Huang XJ, Li NP, Ye WC, Wang L. Antibacterial Triketone-Phloroglucinol-Triketone Adducts from Myrtus communis. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000708. [PMID: 32935916 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Myrtucyclitones A-C ((+)- and (-)-1-3), three pairs of new triketone-phloroglucinol-triketone hybrids were isolated from the plant Myrtus communis. Their structures with absolute configurations were established by NMR analysis and chemical calculations. Myrtucyclitones B and C exhibited remarkable antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Wen Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ni-Ping Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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Vieira de Castro T, Yahiaoui O, Peralta RA, Fallon T, Lee V, George JH. Biomimetic Synthesis Enables the Structure Revision of Littordials E and F and Drychampone B. Org Lett 2020; 22:8161-8166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oussama Yahiaoui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ricardo A. Peralta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Victor Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jonathan H. George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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14
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Deng X, Wang XR, Wu L. Triketone-terpene meroterpenoids from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104585. [PMID: 32247054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eight new meroterpenoids (1-8) featuring β-triketone-conjugated terpenoids, rtomentones A-H, were isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Structures of the isolates were unambiguously established by a combination of NMR and ECD spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Rtomentone C (3) was the first example of aromadendrane-based meroterpenoid containing an oxa-spiro[5.6] ring. Rtomentone D (4) was obtained as a racemic mixture confirmed by chiral HPLC analysis. The cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231, A549, and DLD-1 cells of all isolates was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Prenylated stilbenes and flavonoids from the leaves of Cajanus cajan. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:381-386. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Guo X, Wang M, Wu J, Wu G, Zhang X, Huo L, Liu H, Chen Y, Xie G, Tan H, Qiu SX. Chemical constituents of the trunks and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:264-269. [PMID: 30825577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Five new compounds including two stilbenes, designated thujasutchins A (1) and B (2), two phenolic compounds namely thujasutchins C (3) and D (4), as well as one sesquiterpene thujasutchin E (5), were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract from the trunks and roots of Thuja sutchuenensis. Their structures were determined by means of extensively spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC). Moreover, compounds 1, 3-5 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549 tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Wu
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqiong Huo
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Guangzhou Green Health Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haibo Tan
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Program of Natural Product Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China.
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17
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The Health Beneficial Properties of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as Potential Functional Food. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020076. [PMID: 30795643 PMCID: PMC6406238 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. is a flowering plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, native to southern and southeastern Asia. It has been used in traditional Vietnamese, Chinese, and Malaysian medicine for a long time for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, gynecopathy, stomachache, and wound healing. Moreover, R. tomentosa is used to make various food products such as wine, tea, and jam. Notably, R. tomentosa has been known to contain structurally diverse and biologically active metabolites, thus serving as a potential resource for exploring novel functional agents. Up to now, numerous phenolic and terpenoid compounds from the leaves, root, or fruits of R. tomentosa have been identified, and their biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer have been evidenced. In this contribution, an overview of R. tomentosa and its health beneficial properties was focused on and emphasized.
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18
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Luo D, Zhang YB, Huang J, Chen LF, He LJ, Kuang GK, Qin J, Li QG, Wang GC, Li YL. One New Sesquiterpene from the Leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- Southwest Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chongqing 4000038, P. R. China
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Kai Kuang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Juan Qin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Guo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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19
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YANG GX, MA GL, LI H, HUANG T, XIONG J, HU JF. Advanced natural products chemistry research in China between 2015 and 2017. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:881-906. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Brachyanins A-C, pinene-derived meroterpenoids and phloroglucinol derivative from Leptospermum brachyandrum. Fitoterapia 2018; 130:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Zhao L, Liu H, Huo L, Wang M, Yang B, Zhang W, Xu Z, Tan H, Qiu SX. Structural optimization and antibacterial evaluation of rhodomyrtosone B analogues against MRSA strains. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1698-1707. [PMID: 30429974 PMCID: PMC6195101 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are well-known as a significant global health challenge. In this study, twenty-two congeners of the natural antibiotic rhodomyrtosone B (RDSB) were synthesized with the aim of specifically enhancing the structural diversity through modifying the pendant acyl moiety. The structure-activity relationship study against various MRSA strains revealed that a suitable hydrophobic acyl tail in the phloroglucinol scaffold is a prerequisite for antibacterial activity. Notably, RDSB analogue 11k was identified as a promising lead compound with significant in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities against a panel of hospital mortality-relevant MRSA strains. Moreover, compound 11k possessed other potent advantages, including breadth of the antibacterial spectrum, rapidity of bactericidal action, and excellent membrane selectivity. The mode of action study of compound 11k at the biophysical and morphology levels disclosed that 11k exerted its MRSA bactericidal action by membrane superpolarization resulting in cell lysis and membrane disruption. Collectively, the presented results indicate that the novel modified RDSB analogue 11k warrants further exploration as a promising candidate for the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application , Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , Guangzhou 510070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Luqiong Huo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application , Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology , Guangdong Institute of Microbiology , Guangzhou 510070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
| | - Haibo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization , South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , 510650 , People's Republic of China . ;
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22
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Zhang YB, Li W, Jiang L, Yang L, Chen NH, Wu ZN, Li YL, Wang GC. Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory active phloroglucinol derivatives from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 153:111-119. [PMID: 29906657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed phloroglucinol derivatives, tomentodiones N-T, and eleven known ones were isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Tomentodione N is the first example of a β-triketone unit coupled with an isoamyl alcohol through a furan fused-ring, and tomentodiones N, S, T were three racemates. The undescribed structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism calculation, and chemical methods. In addition, the isolated compounds were determined for the cytotoxic activities on HeLa cells and anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Structure
- Myrtaceae/chemistry
- Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Phloroglucinol/analogs & derivatives
- Phloroglucinol/chemistry
- Phloroglucinol/pharmacology
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Neng-Hua Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhong-Nan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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23
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Liu H, Zhu G, Fan Y, Du Y, Lan M, Xu Y, Zhu W. Natural Products Research in China From 2015 to 2016. Front Chem 2018; 6:45. [PMID: 29616210 PMCID: PMC5869933 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the literature published by chemists from China during the 2015-2016 on natural products (NPs), with 1,985 citations referring to 6,944 new compounds isolated from marine or terrestrial microorganisms, plants, and animals. The emphasis is on 730 new compounds with a novel skeleton or/and significant bioactivity, together with their source organism and country of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaqin Fan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Du
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Lan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yibo Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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24
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Liu J, Song JG, Su JC, Huang XJ, Ye WC, Wang Y. Tomentodione E, a new sec-pentyl syncarpic acid-based meroterpenoid from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:67-74. [PMID: 28429610 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1318852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new meroterpenoid, tomentodione E (1), along with four known ones (2-5) were isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data as well as computational methods. Compound 1 represents the first example of meroterpenoid possessing a sec-pentyl syncarpic acid motif coupled with a caryophyllene. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay, and 2 showed potent in vitro anti-RSV effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- a Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research , College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Jian-Guo Song
- a Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research , College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Jun-Cheng Su
- a Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research , College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- a Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research , College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- a Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research , College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Ying Wang
- a Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- b JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research , College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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25
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Abstract
Phytochemical study on the leaves of Melaleuca bracteata resulted in the isolation of ten compounds including three new neolignans, named melaleucins A-C (1-3). Among them, melaleucin B shares a rarely occurring nor-neolignan skeleton, and both melaleucins B and C bear a novel aldehyde moiety, which might also be response for the delicate fragrance of M. bracteata. Their structures were extensively assigned by spectral data interpretation and biomimetic total synthesis. Moreover, their biosynthetic pathway with oxidative radical coupling and Michael addition as critical reactions was also confirmed. The antimicrobial activity evaluation revealed that melaleucin A exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shengxiang Qiu
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Haibo Tan
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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26
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27
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Xiang YQ, Liu HX, Zhao LY, Xu ZF, Tan HB, Qiu SX. Callistemenonone A, a novel dearomatic dibenzofuran-type acylphloroglucinol with antimicrobial activity from Callistemon viminalis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2363. [PMID: 28539599 PMCID: PMC5443826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acylphloroglucinol with a novel architecture including an unprecedented dearomatic dibenzofuran core, named callistemenonone A (1), was isolated from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis (Myrtaceae). The structure was fully characterized on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including UV, HRESIMS, as well as 1D and 2D NMR spectral data (HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY). The deduced structure represents the first example of a natural dibenzofuran with two phenyl moieties coupling through tertiary hydroxy and ketal carbons. A plausible biogenetic pathway involving oxidative coupling and dearomatization as key steps is proposed to account for the biosynthesis of this novel class of dibenzofuran. Moreover, antimicrobial assays, in conjunction with the time-killing and biophysical studies, revealed that 1 exerted potent bactericidal activity against a panel of methicillin resistant pathogenic microbes with a unique mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Xiang
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Liu
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Zhao
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Fang Xu
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Tan
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Program for Natural Product Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang YL, Zhou XW, Wu L, Wang XB, Yang MH, Luo J, Luo JG, Kong LY. Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Absolute Configuration of Syncarpic Acid-Conjugated Terpenoids from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:989-998. [PMID: 28245113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three new syncarpic acid-conjugated sesquiterpenoids, tomentodiones E-G (1-3), and six new syncarpic acid-conjugated monoterpenoids, tomentodiones H-M (4-9), were isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Compounds 1-3 represent the first examples of β-calacorene-based meroterpenoids. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by a combination of NMR and ECD spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. On the basis of ECD data analysis for isolated and synthesized compounds, an empirical rule was proposed to determine the absolute configuration at C-7' of syncarpic acid-conjugated terpenoids. Additionally, a study of the reversal effect of multidrug resistance in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells showed that the noncytotoxic (+)-4 exerted the strongest potentiation effect of doxorubicin susceptibility, with an enhancement of 16.5-fold at a concentration of 30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Chen M, Chen LF, Li MM, Li NP, Cao JQ, Wang Y, Li YL, Wang L, Ye WC. Myrtucomvalones A–C, three unusual triketone–sesquiterpene adducts from the leaves of Myrtus communis ‘Variegata’. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02260c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first examples of triketone–cubebane adducts (1 and 2) with an unusual skeleton were isolated from Myrtus communis ‘Variegata’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
| | - Man-Mei Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
| | - Ni-Ping Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
| | - Jia-Qing Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
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Zhang YL, Chen C, Wang XB, Wu L, Yang MH, Luo J, Zhang C, Sun HB, Luo JG, Kong LY. Rhodomyrtials A and B, Two Meroterpenoids with a Triketone-Sesquiterpene-Triketone Skeleton from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa: Structural Elucidation and Biomimetic Synthesis. Org Lett 2016; 18:4068-71. [PMID: 27482941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhodomyrtials A and B (1 and 2), two unprecedented triketone-sesquiterpene-triketone adducts, along with five biogenetically related intermediates, rhodomentone A (3) and tomentodiones A-D (4-7), were isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, chemical conversion, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were biomimetically synthesized via 5 and 4, respectively, rather than 3, revealing their key ordering of biosynthetic events and confirming their structural assignments. Compound 7 exhibited potent metastatic inhibitory activity against DLD-1 cells by suppressing the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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