1
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Mao HD, Zhang TT, Guo ZY, Bai DY, Wang J, Xiu H, Fu Q. A Cross-linked Polyethylene with Recyclability and Mechanical Robustness Enabled by Establishment of Multiple Hydrogen Bonds Network via Reactive Melt Blending. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Sautaux J, Marx F, Gunkel I, Weder C, Schrettl S. Mechanically robust supramolecular polymer co-assemblies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:356. [PMID: 35042887 PMCID: PMC8766479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are formed through non-covalent, directional interactions between monomeric building blocks. The assembly of these materials is reversible, which enables functions such as healing, repair, or recycling. However, supramolecular polymers generally fail to match the mechanical properties of conventional commodity plastics. Here we demonstrate how strong, stiff, tough, and healable materials can be accessed through the combination of two metallosupramolecular polymers with complementary mechanical properties that feature the same metal-ligand complex as binding motif. Co-assembly yields materials with micro-phase separated hard and soft domains and the mechanical properties can be tailored by simply varying the ratio of the two constituents. On account of toughening and physical cross-linking effects, this approach affords materials that display higher strength, toughness, or failure strain than either metallosupramolecular polymer alone. The possibility to combine supramolecular building blocks in any ratio further permits access to compositionally graded objects with a spatially modulated mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sautaux
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Marx
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ilja Gunkel
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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3
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Rupp H, Binder WH. 3D Printing of Solvent-Free Supramolecular Polymers. Front Chem 2021; 9:771974. [PMID: 34912780 PMCID: PMC8666451 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.771974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has significantly changed polymer science and technology by engineering complex material shapes and compositions. With the advent of dynamic properties in polymeric materials as a fundamental principle to achieve, e.g., self-healing properties, the use of supramolecular chemistry as a tool for molecular ordering has become important. By adjusting molecular nanoscopic (supramolecular) bonds in polymers, rheological properties, immanent for 3D printing, can be adjusted, resulting in shape persistence and improved printing. We here review recent progress in the 3D printing of supramolecular polymers, with a focus on fused deposition modelling (FDM) to overcome some of its limitations still being present up to date and open perspectives for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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4
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Cao K, Xu Z, Guo D, Liu G. Poly(ether imide)s with tailored end groups. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII) Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII) Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
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5
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Wang J, Bao J, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang X, Chen W. Effects of physical aging on the self‐healing, shape memory, and crystallization behaviors of hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jianna Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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6
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Hohl DK, Balog S, Cappelletti C, Karasu F, Weder C. Crystallizable Supramolecular Polymers: Binding Motif and Processing Matter. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kay Hohl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cappelletti
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Feyza Karasu
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Golkaram M, Loos K. A Critical Approach to Polymer Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymers. Macromolecules 2019; 52:9427-9444. [PMID: 31894159 PMCID: PMC6933822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the concurrent (1) development of polymer synthesis and (2) introduction of new mathematical models for polymer dynamics have evolved the classical framework for polymer dynamics once established by Doi-Edwards/de Gennes. Although the analysis of supramolecular polymer dynamics based on linear rheology has improved a lot recently, there are a large number of insecurities behind the conclusions, which originate from the complexity of these novel systems. The interdependent effect of supramolecular entities (stickers) and chain dynamics can be overwhelming depending on the type and location of stickers as well as the architecture and chemistry of polymers. This Perspective illustrates these parameters and strives to determine what is still missing and has to be improved in the future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Golkaram
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Shi Q, Xiao R, Yang H, Lei D. Effects of physical aging on thermomechanical behaviors of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-glycol (PETG). POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1695273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinpeng Shi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechan- ics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huxiao Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Lei
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Hohl DK, Ferahian AC, Montero de Espinosa L, Weder C. Toughening of Glassy Supramolecular Polymer Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1484-1490. [PMID: 35651179 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach for the design of two-component supramolecular polymer (SMP) networks is reported. A series of materials was prepared by blending two (macro)monomers based on trifunctional poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) cores that were end-functionalized with hydrogen-bonding 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) groups. One monomer was based on a PPO core with a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 440 g mol-1. The SMP formed by this building block is a glassy, brittle material with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about 86 °C. The second monomer featured a PPO core with an Mn of 3000 g mol-1. The SMP formed by this building block adopts a microphase-segregated morphology that features a rubbery phase with a Tg of -58 °C and crystalline domains formed by the UPy assemblies, which act as physical cross-links and melt around 90-130 °C. Combining the two components allows access to microphase-segregated blends comprised of a rubbery phase constituted by the high-Mn cores, a glassy phase formed by the low-Mn component, and a crystalline phase formed by UPy groups. This allowed tailoring of the mechanical properties and afforded materials with storage moduli of 37-609 MPa, tensile strengths of 2.0-5.4 MPa, and melt viscosities of as low as 11 Pa s at 140 °C. The materials can be used as reversible adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kay Hohl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Cécile Ferahian
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Hayashi M, Shibata K, Kawarazaki I, Takasu A. Simple Strategy for Dual Control of Crystallization and Thermal Property on Polyesters by Dispersing Metal Salts Via Multiple Coordination Bonds. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Hayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Graduated School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya-city Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Graduated School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya-city Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Isamu Kawarazaki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Graduated School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya-city Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Akinori Takasu
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry; Graduated School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya-city Aichi 466-8555 Japan
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11
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Wang C, An X, Pang M, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Zhu J, Du Prez FE, Pan X. Dynamic diselenide-containing polyesters from alcoholysis/oxidation of γ-butyroselenolactone. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile protocol for the synthesis of a variety of multiresponsive diselenide-containing polyesters was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiaowei An
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Minglun Pang
- Department of Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
- Suzhou 215123
- P.R. China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jian Zhu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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12
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Pekkanen AM, Mondschein RJ, Williams CB, Long TE. 3D Printing Polymers with Supramolecular Functionality for Biological Applications. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2669-2687. [PMID: 28762718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry continues to experience widespread growth, as fine-tuned chemical structures lead to well-defined bulk materials. Previous literature described the roles of hydrogen bonding, ionic aggregation, guest/host interactions, and π-π stacking to tune mechanical, viscoelastic, and processing performance. The versatility of reversible interactions enables the more facile manufacturing of molded parts with tailored hierarchical structures such as tissue engineered scaffolds for biological applications. Recently, supramolecular polymers and additive manufacturing processes merged to provide parts with control of the molecular, macromolecular, and feature length scales. Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, generates customizable constructs desirable for many applications, and the introduction of supramolecular interactions will potentially increase production speed, offer a tunable surface structure for controlling cell/scaffold interactions, and impart desired mechanical properties through reinforcing interlayer adhesion and introducing gradients or self-assembled structures. This review details the synthesis and characterization of supramolecular polymers suitable for additive manufacture and biomedical applications as well as the use of supramolecular polymers in additive manufacturing for drug delivery and complex tissue scaffold formation. The effect of supramolecular assembly and its dynamic behavior offers potential for controlling the anisotropy of the printed objects with exquisite geometrical control. The potential for supramolecular polymers to generate well-defined parts, hierarchical structures, and scaffolds with gradient properties/tuned surfaces provides an avenue for developing next-generation biomedical devices and tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Pekkanen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.,Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ryan J Mondschein
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christopher B Williams
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Timothy E Long
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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