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Rahmanudin A, Mohammadi M, Isacsson P, Li Y, Seufert L, Kim N, Mardi S, Engquist I, Crispin R, Tybrandt K. Stretchable and biodegradable plant-based redox-diffusion batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38946626 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The redox-diffusion (RD) battery concept introduces an environmentally friendly solution for stretchable batteries in autonomous wearable electronics. By utilising plant-based redox-active biomolecules and cellulose fibers for the electrode scaffold, separator membrane, and current collector, along with a biodegradable elastomer encapsulation, the battery design overcomes the reliance on unsustainable transition metal-based active materials and non-biodegradable elastomers used in existing stretchable batteries. Importantly, it addresses the drawback of limited attainable battery capacity, where increasing the active material loading often leads to thicker and stiffer electrodes with poor mechanical properties. The concept decouples the active material loading from the mechanical structure of the electrode, enabling high mass loadings, while retaining a skin-like young's modulus and stretchability. A stretchable ion-selective membrane facilitates the RD process, allowing two separate redox couples, while preventing crossovers. This results in a high-capacity battery cell that is both electrochemically and mechanically stable, engineered from sustainable plant-based materials. Notably, the battery components are biodegradable at the end of their life, addressing concerns of e-waste and resource depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Rahmanudin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Patrik Isacsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Ahlstrom Group Innovation, 38140 Apprieu, France
| | - Yuyang Li
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Laura Seufert
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Nara Kim
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Saeed Mardi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Isak Engquist
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Reverant Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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Selvaraj B, Shanmugam G, Kamaraj S, Mathew V, Kim J. A versatile iron [1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-benzo[ d]imidazole] 3 metal complex redox active material for energy conversion and storage systems. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj06016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel Fe2+/3+ [npbi]3 redox electrolytes contributed to competitive performances in both DSC and SC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Selvaraj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Ganesan Shanmugam
- Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Kamaraj
- Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Mathew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jaekook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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3
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Muniraj VKA, Srinivasa MK, Yoo HD. Flexible supercapacitors toward wearable energy storage devices. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vedi Kuyil Azhagan Muniraj
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Deog Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
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Yang N, Yu S, Zhang W, Cheng HM, Simon P, Jiang X. Electrochemical Capacitors with Confined Redox Electrolytes and Porous Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202380. [PMID: 35413141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), including electrical-double-layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors, feature high power densities but low energy densities. To improve the energy densities of ECs, redox electrolyte-enhanced ECs (R-ECs) or supercapbatteries are designed through employing confined soluble redox electrolytes and porous electrodes. In R-ECs the energy storage is based on diffusion-controlled faradaic processes of confined redox electrolytes at the surface of a porous electrode, which thus take the merits of high power densities of ECs and high energy densities of batteries. In the past few years, there has been great progress in the development of this energy storage technology, particularly in the design and synthesis of novel redox electrolytes and porous electrodes, as well as the configurations of new devices. Herein, a full-screen picture of the fundamentals and the state-of-art progress of R-ECs are given together with a discussion and outlines about the challenges and future perspectives of R-ECs. The strategies to improve the performance of R-ECs are highlighted from the aspects of their capacitances and capacitance retention, power densities, and energy densities. The insight into the philosophies behind these strategies will be favorable to promote the R-EC technology toward practical applications of supercapacitors in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
| | - Siyu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Patrice Simon
- CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Qingdao, 266001, China
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5
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Electrochemical Energy Storage Properties of High-Porosity Foamed Cement. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072459. [PMID: 35407792 PMCID: PMC8999372 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Foamed porous cement materials were fabricated with H2O2 as foaming agent. The effect of H2O2 dosage on the multifunctional performance is analyzed. The result shows that the obtained specimen with 0.6% H2O2 of the ordinary Portland cement mass (PC0.6) has appropriate porosity, leading to outstanding multifunctional property. The ionic conductivity is 29.07 mS cm−1 and the compressive strength is 19.6 MPa. Furthermore, the electrochemical energy storage performance is studied in novel ways. The PC0.6 also shows the highest areal capacitance of 178.28 mF cm−2 and remarkable cycle stability with 90.67% of initial capacitance after 2000 cycles at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. The superior electrochemical energy storage property may be attributed to the high porosity of foamed cement, which enlarges the contact area with the electrode and provides a rich ion transport channel. This report on cement–matrix materials is of great significance for large scale civil engineering application.
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Mondal AK, Xu D, Wu S, Zou Q, Lin W, Huang F, Ni Y. High lignin containing hydrogels with excellent conducting, self-healing, antibacterial, dye adsorbing, sensing, moist-induced power generating and supercapacitance properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:48-61. [PMID: 35247419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we design a dynamic redox system of using high contents of lignosulfonate (LS) and Al3+ to prepare poly acrylic acid (PAA) (LS-g-PAA-Al) hydrogels. The presence of high LS and Al3+ contents, in combination with the effective Al3+ complexes formed, renders the resultant hydrogel with some unique attributes, including excellent ionic conductivity (as high as 7.38 S·m-1) and antibacterial activity; furthermore, a very fast gelation (in 1 min) was obtained. As a flexible strain sensor, the LS-g-PAA-Al hydrogel with high conductivity demonstrates superior sensitivity in human movement detection. In addition, the rich anionic hydrophilic groups, such as sulfonic groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups, in the hydrogels impart the resultant hydrogels with excellent adsorption capacity for cationic dyes: when using Rhodamine B (RB) as a model cationic dye, the adsorption capacity of the resultant hydrogel reaches 334.64 mg·g-1; as a moist-induced power generator, it generates maximum 150.5 mV open circuit voltage with moist air flow. When the hydrogel electrolyte is assembled into a supercapacitor assembly, it shows high specific capacitance of 245.4 F·g-1, with the maximum energy density of 21.8 Wh·kg-1, power density of 2.37 kW·kg-1, and capacitance retention of 95.1% after 5000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Dezhong Xu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiuxia Zou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Weijie Lin
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Mondal AK, Xu D, Wu S, Zou Q, Huang F, Ni Y. Design of Fe 3+-Rich, High-Conductivity Lignin Hydrogels for Supercapacitor and Sensor Applications. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:766-778. [PMID: 35049296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of natural polymer-based highly conductive hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties for applications in flexible electronics is still challenging. Herein, we report a facile method to prepare lignin-based Fe3+-rich, high-conductivity hydrogels via the following two-step process: (1) lignin hydrogels are prepared by cross-linking sulfonated lignin with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) and (2) Fe3+ ions are impregnated into the lignin hydrogel by simply soaking in FeCl3. Benefiting from Fe3+ ion complexation with catechol groups and other functional groups in lignin, the resultant hydrogels exhibit unique properties, such as high conductivity (as high as 6.69 S·m-1) and excellent mechanical and hydrophobic properties. As a strain sensor, the as-prepared lignin hydrogel shows high sensitivity when detecting various human motions. With the flow of moist air, the Fe3+-rich lignin hydrogel generates an output voltage of 162.8 mV. The assembled supercapacitor of the hydrogel electrolyte demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 301.8 F·g-1, with a maximum energy density of 26.73 Wh·kg-1, a power density of 2.38 kW·kg-1, and a capacitance retention of 94.1% after 10 000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles. These results support the conclusion that lignin-based Fe3+-rich, high-conductivity hydrogels have promising applications in different fields, including sensors and supercapacitors, rendering a new platform for the value-added utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Dezhong Xu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiuxia Zou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
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8
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Bao Y, Xu H, Chen P, Zhu Y, Zuo S, Kong X, Chen Y. Redox molecule Alizarin red S anchored on biomass-derived porous carbon for enhanced supercapacitive performance. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02394f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-derived porous carbon as a conductive framework in which the redox molecule Alizarin red S is anchored by strong interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhai Bao
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengdong Chen
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shasha Zuo
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiuqin Kong
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Mondal AK, Wu S, Xu D, Zou Q, Chen L, Huang L, Huang F, Ni Y. Preparation of lignosulfonate ionic hydrogels for supercapacitors, sensors and dye adsorbent applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:189-199. [PMID: 34265336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, an abundant natural polymer but presently under-utilized, has received much attention for its green/sustainable advantages. Herein, we report a facile method to fabricate lignosulfonate (LS) ionic hydrogels by simple crosslinking with poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE). The as-obtained LS-PEGDGE hydrogels were comprehensively characterized by mechanical measurements, FT-IR, and SEM. The rich sulfonic and phenolic hydroxyl groups in LS hydrogels play key roles in imparting multifunctional smart properties, such as adhesiveness, conducting, sensing and dye adsorption, as well as superconductive behavior when increasing the moisture content. The hydrogels have a high adsorption capacity for cationic dyes, using methylene blue as a model, reaching 211 mg·g-1. As a moist-induced power generator, the maximum output voltage is 181 mV. The LS-PEGDGE hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors exhibit high sensitivity when detecting human movements. As the hydrogel electrolyte, the assembled supercapacitor shows high specific capacitance of 236.9 F·g-1, with the maximum energy density of 20.61 Wh·kg-1, power density of 2306.4 W·kg-1, and capacitance retention of 92.9% after 10,000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles. Therefore, this multifunctional LS hydrogels may have promising applications in various fields, providing a new platform for the value-added utilization of lignin from industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shuai Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Dezhong Xu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiuxia Zou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada.
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10
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Performance-tuning of PVA-based gel electrolytes by acid/PVA ratio and PVA molecular weight. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe significant breakthroughs of flexible gel electrolytes have attracted extensive attention in modern wearable electronic gadgets. The lack of all-around high-performing gels limits the advantages of such devices for practical applications. To this end, developing a multi-functional gel architecture with superior ionic conductivity while enjoying good mechanical flexibility is a bottleneck to overcome. Herein, an architecturally engineered gel, based on PVA and H3PO4 with different molecular weights of PVA for various PVA/H3PO4 ratios, was developed. The results show the dependence of ionic conductivity on molecular weight and also charge carrier concentration. Consequently, fine-tuning of PVA-based gels through a simple yet systematic and well-regulated strategy to achieve highly ion-conducting gels, with the highest ionic conductivity of 14.75 ± 1.39 mS cm-1 have been made to fulfill the requirement of flexible devices. More importantly, gel electrolytes possess good mechanical robustness while exhibiting high-elasticity (%766.66 ± 59.73), making it an appropriate candidate for flexible devices.
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Ma J, Xie Y. Electrochemical performance of the homologous molybdenum( vi) redox-active gel polymer electrolyte system. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PVA–H3PO4–Na2MoO4 and PVA–H3PO4–PMo12 are assembled into a single solid-state supercapacitor to improve the specific capacitance. Homologous molybdenum (vi) of PMo12 and Na2MoO4 provides synergistic effect to improve faradaic capacitance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yibing Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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12
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Hamouda HA, Cui S, Dai X, Xiao L, Xie X, Peng H, Ma G. Synthesis of porous carbon material based on biomass derived from hibiscus sabdariffa fruits as active electrodes for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2020; 11:354-363. [PMID: 35423056 PMCID: PMC8691107 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09509e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based materials are manufactured as high-performance electrodes using biomass waste in the renewable energy storage field. Herein, four types of hierarchical porous activated carbon using hibiscus sabdariffa fruits (HBFs) as a low-cost biomass precursor are synthesized through carbonization and activation. NH4Cl is used as a chemical blowing agent to form carbon nanosheets, which are the first types of hibiscus sabdariffa fruit-based carbon (HBFC-1) sample, and KOH also forms a significant bond in the activation process. The prepared HBFC-1 is chosen to manufacture the symmetric supercapacitor due to its rough surface and high surface area (1720.46 m2 g-1), making it show a high specific capacity of 194.50 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 in a three-electrode system. Moreover, the HBFC-1 based symmetric supercapacitor devices display a high energy density of 13.10 W h kg-1 at a power density of 225.00 W kg-1, and a high specific capacity of 29 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1. Additionally, excellent cycle life is observed (about 96% of capacitance retained after 5000 cycles). Therefore, biomass waste, especially hibiscus sabdariffa fruit based porous carbon, can be used as the electrode for high-performance supercapacitor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamouda Adam Hamouda
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kordofan El Obeid 51111 Sudan
| | - Shuzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Xiuwen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Lele Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Xuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Guofu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
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13
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Cai C, Fu J, Zhang C, Wang C, Sun R, Guo S, Zhang F, Wang M, Liu Y, Chen J. Highly flexible reduced graphene oxide@polypyrrole-polyethylene glycol foam for supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29090-29099. [PMID: 35521096 PMCID: PMC9055932 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05199c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A flexible and free-standing 3D reduced graphene oxide@polypyrrole–polyethylene glycol (RGO@PPy–PEG) foam was developed for wearable supercapacitors. The device was fabricated sequentially, beginning with the electrodeposition of PPy in the presence of a PEG–borate on a sacrificial Ni foam template, followed by a subsequent GO wrapping and chemical reduction process. The 3D RGO@PPy–PEG foam electrode showed excellent electrochemical properties with a large specific capacitance of 415 F g−1 and excellent long-term stability (96% capacitance retention after 8000 charge–discharge cycles) in a three electrode configuration. An assembled (two-electrode configuration) symmetric supercapacitor using RGO@PPy–PEG electrodes exhibited a remarkable specific capacitance of 1019 mF cm−2 at 2 mV s−1 and 95% capacitance retention over 4000 cycles. The device exhibits extraordinary mechanical flexibility and showed negligable capacitance loss during or after 1000 bending cycles, highlighting its great potential in wearable energy devices. A flexible and free-standing 3D reduced graphene oxide@polypyrrole–polyethylene glycol (RGO@PPy–PEG) foam was developed for wearable supercapacitors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Jialong Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Chengyan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Rui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Shufang Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 PR China.,Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong Squires Way North Wollongong NSW2519 Australia
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong Squires Way North Wollongong NSW2519 Australia
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14
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Redox-active polymer hydrogel electrolyte in biowaste-derived microporous carbon-based high capacitance and energy density ultracapacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Zhang L, Yang S, Chang J, Zhao D, Wang J, Yang C, Cao B. A Review of Redox Electrolytes for Supercapacitors. Front Chem 2020; 8:413. [PMID: 32582626 PMCID: PMC7283612 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention due to their short charging/discharging time, long cycle life, and good temperature characteristics. Electrolytes have been considered as a key factor affecting the performance of SCs. They largely determine the energy density based on their decomposition voltage and the power density from their ionic conductivity. In recent years, redox electrolytes obtained a growing interest due to an additional redox activity from electrolytes, which offers an increased charge storage capacity in SCs. This article summarizes the latest progress in the research of redox electrolytes, and focuses on their properties, mechanisms, and applications based on different solvent types available. It also proposes potential solutions for how to effectively increase the energy density of the SCs while maintaining their high power and long life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Materials Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Materials Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Powder and Advanced Energy Material of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Materials Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jieqiang Wang
- Materials Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- Materials Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.,School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
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16
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Du H, Wu Z, Xu Y, Liu S, Yang H. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Based Solid-State Polymer Supercapacitor with Ionic Liquid Gel Polymer Electrolyte. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E297. [PMID: 32024287 PMCID: PMC7077379 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, solid-state polymer supercapacitor (SSC) was assembled using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/carbon paper (PEDOT/CP) as an electrode and ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate)/polyvinyl alcohol/sulfuric acid (IL/PVA/H2SO4) as a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The GPE was treated through freezing-thawing (F/T) cycles to improve the electrochemical properties of PEDOT SSC. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques and conductivity were carried out to study the electrochemical performance. The results showed that the SSC based on ionic liquid GPE (SSC-IL/PVA/H2SO4) has a higher specific capacitance (with the value of 86.81 F/g at 1 mA/cm2) than the SSC-PVA/H2SO4.The number of F/T cycles has a great effect on the electrochemical performance of the device. The energy density of the SSC treated with 3 F/T cycles was significantly improved, reaching 176.90 Wh/kg. Compared with the traditional electrolytes, IL GPE has the advantages of high ionic conductivity, less volatility, non-flammability and wider potential window. Moreover, the IL GPE has excellent elastic recovery and self-healing performance, leading to its great potential applications in flexible or smart energy storage equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yingze West Street 79, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (S.L.)
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17
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Gan F, Xu Y, Yang H, Ren Z, Du H. PEDOT solid‐state polymer supercapacitor assembled with a KI‐doped gel polymer electrolyte. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangji Gan
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology, Yingze West Street 79 Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Huimin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology, Yingze West Street 79 Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Zhe Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology, Yingze West Street 79 Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Haiyan Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTaiyuan University of Technology, Yingze West Street 79 Taiyuan 030024 China
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18
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Peng S, Jiang X, Xiang X, Chen K, Chen G, Jiang X, Hou L. High-performance and flexible solid-state supercapacitors based on high toughness and thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol)/NaCl/glycerol supramolecular gel polymer electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Electrochemical performance of carbon paper supercapacitor using sodium molybdate gel polymer electrolyte and nickel molybdate electrode. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Peng S, Liu S, Sun Y, Xiang N, Jiang X, Hou L. Facile preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)-NaCl-glycerol supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Qiu W, Xiao H, He W, Li Y, Tong Y. A flexible rechargeable quasi-solid-state Ni–Fe battery based on surface engineering exhibits high energy and long durability. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of portable and wearable electronics, energy storage devices featuring high energy and power densities, long-cycle lifetime, environment friendliness, safe operation, lightweight, ultrathin thickness and flexibilityl have become increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Qiu
- School of Eco-Environmental Technology
- Guangdong Industry Polytechnic
- Guangzhou 510300
- China
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
| | - Hongbing Xiao
- School of Eco-Environmental Technology
- Guangdong Industry Polytechnic
- Guangzhou 510300
- China
| | - Wenting He
- School of Eco-Environmental Technology
- Guangdong Industry Polytechnic
- Guangzhou 510300
- China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Eco-Environmental Technology
- Guangdong Industry Polytechnic
- Guangzhou 510300
- China
| | - Yexiang Tong
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
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22
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Tang X, Lui YH, Merhi AR, Chen B, Ding S, Zhang B, Hu S. Redox-Active Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes with Different pH Values for Enhancing the Energy Density of the Hybrid Solid-State Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44429-44440. [PMID: 29206439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the energy density of solid-state supercapacitors, a novel solid-state cell, made of redox-active poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel electrolytes and functionalized carbon nanotube-coated cellulose paper electrodes, was investigated in this work. Briefly, acidic PVA-[BMIM]Cl-lactic acid-LiBr and neutral PVA-[BMIM]Cl-sodium acetate-LiBr hydrogel polymer electrolytes are used as catholyte and anolyte, respectively. The acidic condition of the catholyte contributes to suppression of the undesired irreversible reaction of Br- and extension of the oxygen evolution reaction potential to a higher value than that of the redox potential of Br-/Br3- reaction. The observed Br-/Br3- redox activity at the cathode contributes to enhance the cathode capacitance. The neutral condition of the anolyte helps extend the operating voltage window of the supercapacitor by introducing hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential to the anode. The electrosorption of nascent H on the negative electrode also increases the anode capacitance. As a result, the prepared solid-state hybrid supercapacitor shows a broad voltage window of 1.6 V, with a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.6% and the highest energy density of 16.3 Wh/kg with power density of 932.6 W/kg at 2 A/g obtained. After 10 000 cycles of galvanostatic charge and discharge tests at the current density of 10 A/g, it exhibits great cyclic stability with 93.4% retention of the initial capacitance. In addition, a robust capacitive performance can also be observed from the solid-state supercapacitor at different bending angles, indicating its great potential as a flexible energy storage device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Yu Hui Lui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Abdul Rahman Merhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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23
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Xiang C, Wan H, Zhu M, Chen Y, Peng J, Zhou G. Dipicolylamine Functionalized Polyfluorene Based Gel with Lower Critical Solution Temperature: Preparation, Characterization, and Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8872-8879. [PMID: 28229598 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A thermoresponsive fluorescent polymer gel with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition has been prepared by cooperating conjugated fluorene homopolymer poly(2,7-(9,9-di(8-di(2-picolyl)aminooctyl))fluorene) (PPAOF) and small organic dye sulforhodamine B (SRB) or its sodium salt (SRB-Na). The sol-gel phase transition originates from the electrostatic interactions between the protonated pyridyl/amino groups in PPAOF and the sulfonic groups in the organic dye molecules, as revealed by FTIR, variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Consequently, the LCST value can be finely controlled by simply tuning the component concentrations. Moreover, due to the inefficient energy transfer, the resulting fluorescent polymer gel exhibits two independent emission bands at 440 and 577 nm, assigned to the characteristic emissions from fluorene homopolymer and organic dye, respectively. Furthermore, this fluorescent polymer gel exhibits a reversible electrofluorochromic (EFC) property with high fluorescence contrast when it is assembled in a single-layer supporting electrolyte-free EFC device. Most interestingly, different fluorescence colors can be achieved from the two electrodes of the device. Our findings may present a new way to design conjugated polymer based LCST gels and EFC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Xiang
- Lab of Advanced Materials & Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wan
- Lab of Advanced Materials & Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- Lab of Advanced Materials & Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Lab of Advanced Materials & Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Lab of Advanced Materials & Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Lab of Advanced Materials & Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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24
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Zhao C, Deng T, Xue X, Chang L, Zheng W, Wang S. Development of novel and ultrahigh-performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on redox electrode-electrolyte system. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Feng E, Ma G, Sun K, Ran F, Peng H, Lei Z. Superior performance of an active electrolyte enhanced supercapacitor based on a toughened porous network gel polymer. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02710e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A primary challenge of gel electrolytes in the development of flexible and wearable devices is their weak mechanical strength and poor electrochemical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
| | - Guofu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
| | - Kanjun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Lanzhou City University
- Lanzhou 730070
- China
| | - Feitian Ran
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
| | - Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou 730070
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