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Wang K, Kou Y, Wang K, Liang S, Guo C, Wang W, Lu Y, Wang J. Comparing the adsorption of methyl orange and malachite green on similar yet distinct polyamide microplastics: Uncovering hydrogen bond interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139806. [PMID: 37574090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and dye pollutants are widespread in aquatic environments. Here, the adsorption characteristics of anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and cationic dye malachite green (MG) on polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 66 (PA66) MPs were investigated, including kinetics, isotherm equilibrium and thermodynamics. The co-adsorption of MO and MG under different pH was also evaluated. The results reveal that the adsorption process of MO and MG is suitably expounded by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The process can be characterized by two stages: internal diffusion and external diffusion. The isothermal adsorption equilibrium of MO and MG can be effectively described using the Langmuir model, signifying monolayer adsorption. Furthermore, the thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous with exothermic and endothermic properties, respectively. The results of binary systems reveal that MO dominates the adsorption at low pH (2-5), while MG dominates at high pH (8-10). Strong competitive adsorption was observed between MO and MG in neutral conditions (pH 6-8). The desorption experiments confirm that PA6 and PA66 could serve as potential carriers of MO and MG. The interaction between dyes and polyamide MPs is primarily mediated through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction. The results reveal that PA6 formed more hydrogen bonds with the dyes, resulting in higher adsorption capacity than that of PA66. This difference can be attributed to the disparities in the synthesis process and polymerization method. Our study uncovered the adsorption mechanism of dye pollutants on PA6 and PA66, and provided a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the risk assessment concerning different types of polyamide MPs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5007, Norway
| | - Yuli Kou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Kefu Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Siqi Liang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Changyan Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5007, Norway.
| | - Yi Lu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Jide Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Lin N, Kang H, Hao X, Liu R. Miscibility, crystallization and properties of bio-based polyamide 56/6 blends. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Fujimoto S, Aoyagi M, Shinzawa H. Nanodiamond (ND)-based polyamide (PA) 66 nanocomposite studied with infrared (IR) microscopy and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) combined with two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) correlation analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121572. [PMID: 35785709 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamond/polyamide (ND/PA) nanocomposite was examined with infrared (IR) microscopy and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) to elucidate in detail the interphase between amino functionalized ND (ND-NH2) and PA 66. An IR image of the ND/PA nanocomposite suggested the uniform nanoscale distribution of the ND-NH2 particles thanks to the spherical shape and accessible external surface of ND terminated with reactive amino groups. On the other hand, a substantial level of change was observed in T2 decay curves when the ND-NH2 particles were incorporated in the PA 66. The fine features of the thermally induced changes in the decay curves were readily analyzed with the two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) correlation method. The variation in the asynchronous correlation intensity indicated that the changes observed in the mechanical properties of the ND/NH2 may be attributed to the development of crosslinking between tie chains in the amorphous region via the interaction between the ND-NH2 and PA 66. Accordingly, such firm links have a substantial effect in preventing the displacement of the amorphous domain, which eventually increases the Young's modulus but reduces the ductility of the PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Masaru Aoyagi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shinzawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan.
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Ioannidis I, Anastopoulos I, Giannakopoulos K, Arkas M, Dosche C, Pashalidis I. A comprehensive investigation on the sorption of U(VI) and Eu(III) by polyamide microplastics: Surface-assisted microparticle formation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Zhang Y, Luo G, Niu Y, Li G. Reversible nucleation behavior of N, N′-dicyclohexylterephthalamide to polypropylene with the aid of polyamide 12. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu Y, Peng L, Lin JL, Zhou Y, Wang DJ, Han CC, Huang XB, Dong X. The Crystallization Behavior Regulating Nature of Hydrogen Bonds Interaction on Polyamide 6,6 by Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Wang Z, Song M, Li X, Chen J, Liang T, Chen X, Yan Y. Copolymerization-Regulated Hydrogen Bonds: A New Routine for High-Strength Copolyamide 6/66 Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173517. [PMID: 36080592 PMCID: PMC9460282 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bond interactions are important for nylon fibers, which improve its mechanical properties and crystallization behavior, while hindering the movement and orientation of the molecular chain during the drawn process. In this study, hexamethylene adipamide was used as the second monomer in copolymerization with ε-caprolactam to obtain copolyamide 6/66 (CoPA), and high-tenacity fibers with a maximum value up to 8.0 cN/dtex were achieved by a multi-step drawn and thermal setting process. Results show that the hexamethylene–adipamide ratio affected the draw ratio (DR) of the as-spun fiber, on the tenacity of final high-performance fiber, and on crystalline. Both DR and tenacity showed evident increases with the hexamethylene–adipamide ratio up to 6% in CoPA and then changed smoothly. However, XRD and DSC results illustrate a decreased tendency with regard to crystallinity. The attenuated in-site total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra were used to study the hydrogen bond interaction between the C=O group and N–H group and the crystal form of the fiber. Results show that the copolymerization destroyed the regularity of the main chain of CoPA and reduces the interaction of interstrand hydrogen bonds, facilitating the formation of the γ-crystalline form in as-spun fibers, fulfilling the transition from the γ to α crystalline form during the fiber-drawing step because of the release of the C=O group and N–H group from the hydrogen bond interaction at an elevated temperature close to the molten temperature of CoPA, and then reforming during the thermal-setting step which soiled the crystalline and improved the tenacity of the fiber. The copolymerization with a homologous monomer regulates the hydrogen bond interaction, fulfills the high drawn ratio and high tenacity fiber, and provides a new route for high-performance fiber preparation using traditional fiber formation of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ming Song
- Guangdong Xinhui Meida Nylon Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Xilin Li
- Guangdong Xinhui Meida Nylon Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Jizong Chen
- Guangdong Xinhui Meida Nylon Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Tiexian Liang
- Guangdong Xinhui Meida Nylon Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangdong Xinhui Meida Nylon Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Yurong Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong High Property & Functional Polymer Materials, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Chen Y, Chang Y, Rwei S. Synthesis and characterization of ultra‐tough crosslinked polyamide with hybrid polymer networks equipping strong hydrogen bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hao Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yun Chang
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Gao Z, Li X, Eling B, Pöselt E, Schander E, Wang Z. Structure transition of aliphatic m,6-Polyurethane during heating investigated using in-situ WAXS, SAXS, and FTIR. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Kipnusu WK, Zhuravlev E, Schick C, Kremer F. Homogeneous nucleation in polyamide 66, a two-stage process as revealed by combined nanocalorimetry and IR spectroscopy. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNanocalorimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are combined to measure the calorimetric properties and molecular spectra of the same sample (sample amount about 5 ng) of polyamide 66 (PA66). By determining IR difference absorption spectra between a quenched and a sample annealed at varying temperatures (Ta) and annealing time (ta), the initial steps of homogeneous nucleation is for the first time revealed on a molecular scale, long before crystallization takes place. As starting point (i), isolated H-bonds are formed between (N–H) and (C = O) moieties of adjacent (neighboring) polymer segments promoted by far-reaching dipole–dipole interactions. In the second step (ii), the H-bonds realign, which in part requires the opening of already established H-bonds. In stage (i), the FTIR absorption intensity of the free (C = O)f moieties decreases while that of the H-bonded (C = O)b ones increases as a function of Ta at constant ta. This implies an increase in the H-bonding network in amorphous domains. The second stage of nucleation in the studied PA66 is characterized by an increase in the number of (C = O)f and a corresponding decrease in (C = O)b moieties as the sample transitions to the ordered crystalline structure. This is attributed to a change from γ to α polymorphs in PA66. The non-polar methylene units in PA66 are largely unaffected during the nucleation steps, where no changes in the overall heat capacity are detectable, proving that these changes occur prior to the onset of crystal growth.
Graphical abstract
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11
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Colón Quintana JL, Osswald T. Understanding softening of amorphous materials for FFF applications. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2021-4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The work explores the fundamentals of the softening process for amorphous materials expanding on the work presented by Stammers and Beek (Stammers, E. and Beek, W.J. (1969). The melting of a polymer on a hot surface. Polym. Eng. Sci. 9). The pressure induced melt removal process was studied in detail. The process, although fundamental, allows for an understanding of the phase transition of materials during the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Experimental results were analyzed using state-of-the-art equipment. A total of four materials were tested. PVC and PC are amorphous materials, and PA6 and PP are semi-crystalline materials. A setup was built to allow the application of a constant force. The resulting melt film was analyzed using computed tomography technology. The experimental results were compared with numerical simulation results originating from COMSOL Multiphysics and the analytical solution derived by Stammers and Beek. Rheological and thermo-mechanical tests were used to find the softening temperature of amorphous materials. Results showed a straightforward transition for the melting temperature of semi-crystalline materials and softening temperature of amorphous materials. It is suggested that for amorphous materials, the glass transition temperature can be used as the softening temperature (T
s
= T
g
). When comparing all three results (experimental, analytical, and numerical), values are within the same range and magnitude. A good approximation was achieved for PA6 and PVC, which have semi-crystalline and amorphous structures, respectively. Results provide insights into the phase transition process and phase change mechanisms during the extrusion of materials in the fused filament fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Colón Quintana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Polymer Engineering Center (PEC), University of Wisconsin – Madison , Madison , WI 53706 – 1691 , USA
| | - Tim Osswald
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Polymer Engineering Center (PEC), University of Wisconsin – Madison , Madison , WI 53706 – 1691 , USA
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12
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Wibowo ES, Park BD, Causin V. Recent advances in urea–formaldehyde resins: converting crystalline thermosetting polymers back to amorphous ones. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2014520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eko Setio Wibowo
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Park
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Valerio Causin
- Departimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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14
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Ning J, Tian C, Yang Y, Huang L, Lv J, Zeng F, Liu Q, Zhao F, Kong W, Cai X. A novel intrinsic semi-aromatic polyamide dielectric toward excellent thermal stability, mechanical robustness and dielectric performance. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Sridhara PK, Masso F, Olsén P, Vilaseca F. Strong Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanofibers Mediated by Green Solvent Mixtures. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082127. [PMID: 34443955 PMCID: PMC8401965 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as a bio-based reinforcement has attracted tremendous interests in engineering polymer composites. This study developed a sustainable approach to reinforce polyamide-6 or nylon-6 (PA6) with CNFs through solvent casting in formic acid/water mixtures. The methodology provides an energy-efficient pathway towards well-dispersed high-CNF content PA6 biocomposites. Nanocomposite formulations up to 50 wt.% of CNFs were prepared, and excellent improvements in the tensile properties were observed, with an increase in the elastic modulus from 1.5 to 4.2 GPa, and in the tensile strength from 46.3 to 124 MPa. The experimental tensile values were compared with the analytical values obtained by micromechanical models. Fractured surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy to examine the interface morphology. FTIR revealed strong hydrogen bonding at the interface, and the thermal parameters were determined using TGA and DSC, where the nanocomposites' crystallinity tended to reduce with the increase in the CNF content. In addition, nanocomposites showed good thermomechanical stability for all formulations. Overall, this work provides a facile fabrication pathway for high-CNF content nanocomposites of PA6 for high-performance and advanced material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pruthvi K. Sridhara
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Ferran Masso
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Peter Olsén
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Fabiola Vilaseca
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-667-292-597
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16
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Effect of hydrogen–deuterium exchange in amide linkages on properties of electrospun polyamide nanofibers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Yang C, Xu R, Tang S, Zhuang Y, Luo L, Liu X. Free H‐Bonding Interaction Sites in Rigid‐Chain Polymers and Their Filling Approach: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ruopei Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Siyi Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yongbing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Longbo Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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Liu Y, Jiang S, Yan W, Qin J, He M, Qin S, Yu J. Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide 6/p (N-(4-F-phenylmaleimide)–alt-styrene) composites based on interfacial complexation inducing crystal transformation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Anton AM, Zhuravlev E, Kossack W, Andrianov R, Schick C, Kremer F. Fingerprints of homogeneous nucleation and crystal growth in polyamide 66 as studied by combined infrared spectroscopy and fast scanning chip calorimetry. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHomogenous crystal nucleation and growth in polyamide 66 (PA66) are followed in situ by means of a combination of FTIR spectroscopy and fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC). Therefore, a novel setup with a calorimetry chip equipped with an IR-transparent SiN membrane was developed, which enables to examine IR spectroscopic and FSC experiments on the identical specimen. Because of the small amount of sample material (~ 100 ng), it is possible to achieve heating and cooling rates up to 5000 Ks−1, and hence to quench the sample into a fully amorphous state without quenched-in homogeneous crystal nuclei. Annealing the film then allows to determine the onset of homogenous nucleation and crystal growth by means of FSC, whereas molecular interactions are unraveled by FTIR spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that different moieties of PA66 respond distinctly during crystallization; far-reaching interactions such as hydrogen bonding are established prior to onset of short-range steric hindrance.
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Zhou C, Qi S, Zhu P, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Dong X, Wang D. The methylene infrared vibration and dielectric behavior monitored by amide group arrangement for long chain polyamides. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Hao LT, Eom Y, Tran TH, Koo JM, Jegal J, Hwang SY, Oh DX, Park J. Rediscovery of nylon upgraded by interactive biorenewable nano-fillers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2393-2405. [PMID: 31742304 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08091k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials can only stiffen nylon with a significant loss of its toughness and ductility. Furthermore, they are not eco-friendly. In this study, the facile tuning of nylon's mechanical properties from stiff to tough was achieved, using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and chitosan nanowhiskers (CSW) as biorenewable fillers. The interaction between the matrix and filler was controlled by varying the types of fillers and the employed processing methods, including in situ interfacial polymerization and post-solution blending. Particularly with CSW, the in situ-incorporated filler with a 0.4 wt% loading strengthened nylon and led to a 1.9-fold increase in its Young's modulus (2.6 GPa) and a 1.7-fold increase in its ultimate tensile strength (106 MPa), whereas the solution-blended filler with a 0.3 wt% loading toughened the polymer with a 2.1-fold increase (104 MJ m-3). Compared with inorganic nanocomposites, these interactive biofiller-nanocomposites are unrivaled in their reinforcing performance when normalized by filler content. This stiff-to-tough tuning trend is more pronounced in the CSW system than in the CNC system. Covalent polymer grafts on the amine surface of CSW enhanced interfacial interactions in the in situ method, whereas its cationic surface charges plasticized the polymer matrix in the blending method. This proteinaceous composite-mimicking all-organic nylon nanocomposite opens new possibilities in the field of reinforced engineering plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea. and Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea. and Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Thang Hong Tran
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea. and Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jonggeon Jegal
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea. and Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea. and Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea. and Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Karakoç A, Rastogi VK, Isoaho T, Tardy B, Paltakari J, Rojas OJ. Comparative Screening of the Structural and Thermomechanical Properties of FDM Filaments Comprising Thermoplastics Loaded with Cellulose, Carbon and Glass Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E422. [PMID: 31963245 PMCID: PMC7014061 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has been rapidly growing for a decade in both consumer and industrial products. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing methods, owes its popularity to cost effectiveness in material and equipment investment. Current efforts are aimed toward high load-bearing capacity at low material costs. However, the mechanical reliability of end-products derived from these compositions and their dependence on microstructural effects, have remained as major limitations. This is mainly owing to the unknown mechanics of the materials, including the reinforcing or filler components and their interphase/interface compatibility. For this reason, here we investigate the most relevant commercial polymeric materials used in composite filaments, associated phases and the characterization protocols that can guide component selection, screening and troubleshooting. We first present thermal analyses (thermogravimetric, TGA and differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) in relation to the constituent fractions and identify the type of polymer for uses in filaments production. The influence of various fillers is unveiled in terms of the crystallization behavior of derived 3D-printed parts. To understand the microstructural effects on the material strength, we carry out a series of tensile experiments on 3-D printed dog-bone shaped specimens following ISO standards. Simultaneously, real-time thermal energy dissipation and damage analyses are applied by using infrared measurements at fast frame rates (200 Hz) and high thermal resolution (50 mK). The failure regions of each specimen are examined via optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The results are used to reveal new insights into the size, morphology and distribution of the constituents and interphases of polymer filaments for FDM. The present study represents advancement in the field of composite filament fabrication, with potential impact in the market of additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Karakoç
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Vibhore K. Rastogi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Tapani Isoaho
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Blaise Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Jouni Paltakari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and, Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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23
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Low‐defect graphene–polyamide‐6 composites and modeling the filler–matrix interface. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Yang C, Wu H, Dai Y, Tang S, Luo L, Liu X. Self-enhancement in aramid fiber by filling free hydrogen bonding interaction sites in macromolecular chains with its oligomer. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Low Concentration PVP-Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on DBD Plasma-Treated Polyamide 6,6 Fabric. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a low concentration (10 μg·mL−1) of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were deposited by spray and exhaustion (30, 70 and 100 °C) methods onto untreated and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-treated polyamide 6,6 (PA66) fabric. DBD plasma-treated samples showed higher AgNP deposition than untreated ones for all methods. After five washing cycles, only DBD plasma-treated samples displayed AgNPs on the fabric surface. The best-performing method was exhaustion at 30 °C, which exhibited less agglomeration and the best antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus (4 log reduction). For E. coli, the antimicrobial effect showed good results in all the exhaustion samples (5 log reduction). Considering the spray method, only the DBD plasma-treated samples showed some bacteriostatic activity for both strains, but the AgNP concentration was not enough to have a bactericidal effect. Our results suggest DBD plasma may be a low cost and chemical-free method for the preparation of antibacterial textiles, allowing for the immobilization of a very low—but effective—concentration of AgNPs.
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26
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A 2D correlation infrared spectroscopic study on the temperature-induced molecular motion mechanism concerning self-formed composite structure of 3D printed PA6. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Ma Y, Zhou T. Preliminary study of experimental parameters for projection moving-window two-dimensional correlation FTIR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Jin S, Yu J, Zheng Y, Wang WY, Xin B, Kan CW. Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun PAN/PSA Carbonized Nanofibers: Experiment and Simulation Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E821. [PMID: 30314395 PMCID: PMC6215235 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we simulated the electric field distribution of side-by-side electrospinning by using the finite element method (FEM), and studied the effects of spinneret wall thickness, spinning voltage and receiving distance on the distribution of the electrostatic field. The receiving distance was selected as a variable in the experimental, a series of PAN/PSA composite nanofiber membranes were prepared by using a self-made side by side electrospinning device. The membranes were tested by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The prepared membranes were also treated by high-temperature treatment, and the change of fiber diameter and conductivity of the membrane before and after high-temperature treatment were studied. It was found that the PAN/PSA carbonized nanofibers could achieve a better performance in heat resistance and conductivity at 200 mm receiving distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Jin
- School of Fashion Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiali Yu
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuansheng Zheng
- School of Fashion Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Binjie Xin
- School of Fashion Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Chi-Wai Kan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Li R, Lu Z, Liu Y, Zeng K, Hu J, Yang G. The retarding effects and structural evolution of a bio-based high-performance polyimide during thermal imidization. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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31
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Wang W, Ying J, Wang J. The reactive compatibilization effect of copolymer macroactivator for immiscible anionic polyamide 6/polystyrene blends via in situ
polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ying
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jikui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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32
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Wang Y, Kang HL, Wang R, Liu RG, Hao XM. Crystallization of polyamide 56/polyamide 66 blends: Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hong-Liang Kang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Rui-Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin-Min Hao
- Quartermaster Engineering Technology Institute; Academy of Military Sciences, CPLA; Beijing 100082 China
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33
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Kermaniyan TS, Garmabi H, Saeb MR. Calorimetric and rheokinetic analyses merged to capture crystallization kinetics in polyamide/clay nanocomposites: Revisiting predictability of models. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Sadat Kermaniyan
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Garmabi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives; Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654; Tehran Iran
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34
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Jia L, Su G, Yuan Q, Zhang X, Zhou T. Difference in the micro-dynamics mechanism between aromatic nylon and aliphatic nylon during water absorption: spectroscopic evidence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26764-26776. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The difference in the micro-dynamics mechanism between aromatic nylon and aliphatic nylon during water absorption was studied to explore the reason for the significantly smaller decline of barrier performance of poly(m-xylene adipamide) (MXD6) film than that of polyamide 6 (PA6) film under high humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Gehong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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35
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Allahbakhsh A, Noei Khodabadi F, Hosseini FS, Haghighi AH. 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane-functionalized rice husk and rice husk ash reinforced polyamide 6/graphene oxide sustainable nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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