1
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Ancajas CMF, Oyedele AS, Butt CM, Walker AS. Advances, opportunities, and challenges in methods for interrogating the structure activity relationships of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38912779 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Time span in literature: 1985-early 2024Natural products play a key role in drug discovery, both as a direct source of drugs and as a starting point for the development of synthetic compounds. Most natural products are not suitable to be used as drugs without further modification due to insufficient activity or poor pharmacokinetic properties. Choosing what modifications to make requires an understanding of the compound's structure-activity relationships. Use of structure-activity relationships is commonplace and essential in medicinal chemistry campaigns applied to human-designed synthetic compounds. Structure-activity relationships have also been used to improve the properties of natural products, but several challenges still limit these efforts. Here, we review methods for studying the structure-activity relationships of natural products and their limitations. Specifically, we will discuss how synthesis, including total synthesis, late-stage derivatization, chemoenzymatic synthetic pathways, and engineering and genome mining of biosynthetic pathways can be used to produce natural product analogs and discuss the challenges of each of these approaches. Finally, we will discuss computational methods including machine learning methods for analyzing the relationship between biosynthetic genes and product activity, computer aided drug design techniques, and interpretable artificial intelligence approaches towards elucidating structure-activity relationships from models trained to predict bioactivity from chemical structure. Our focus will be on these latter topics as their applications for natural products have not been extensively reviewed. We suggest that these methods are all complementary to each other, and that only collaborative efforts using a combination of these techniques will result in a full understanding of the structure-activity relationships of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caitlin M Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Allison S Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Scioli G, Marinaccio L, Bauer M, Kamysz W, Parmar A, Newire E, Singh I, Stefanucci A, Mollica A. New Teixobactin Analogues with a Total Lactam Ring. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1827-1832. [PMID: 38116416 PMCID: PMC10726481 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin is a new antibiotic peptide with strong efficacy against several Gram-positive resistant bacteria, the structure of which is extremely difficult to obtain in the laboratory via multistep conventional synthesis. To face the increasing antibiotic resistant bacteria, it is fundamental to introduce new types of antibiotics with innovative mechanisms of action without resistance; thus, many scientists are studying and developing new methods to synthesize teixobactin analogues. In this work, seven Arg10-teixobactin analogues with a total lactam ring have been prepared via solid phase peptide synthesis. In order to obtain the total lactam ring, d-Thr8 was replaced by (2R,3S)-diamino-propionic acid. To verify their antimicrobial activity and efficacy, each analogue was tested with MIC against different resistant pathogens, showing an interesting activity for Nle11 containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scioli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”
Chieti-Pescara, Via dei
Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Marinaccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”
Chieti-Pescara, Via dei
Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anish Parmar
- Antimicrobial
Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, L69 3GA Liverpool, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, The University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Enas Newire
- Antimicrobial
Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, L69 3GA Liverpool, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, The University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Antimicrobial
Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, L69 3GA Liverpool, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, The University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department
of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”
Chieti-Pescara, Via dei
Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department
of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”
Chieti-Pescara, Via dei
Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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3
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Parmar A, Lakshminarayanan R, Iyer A, Goh ETL, To TY, Yam JKH, Yang L, Newire E, Robertson MC, Prior SH, Breukink E, Madder A, Singh I. Development of teixobactin analogues containing hydrophobic, non-proteogenic amino acids that are highly potent against multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilms. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115853. [PMID: 37857144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Teixobactin is a cyclic undecadepsipeptide that has shown excellent potency against multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). In this article, we present the design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluations of 16 different teixobactin analogues. These simplified analogues contain commercially available hydrophobic, non-proteogenic amino acid residues instead of synthetically challenging expensive L-allo-enduracididine amino acid residue at position 10 together with different combinations of arginines at positions 3, 4 and 9. The new teixobactin analogues showed potent antibacterial activity against a broad panel of Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and VRE strains. Our work also presents the first demonstration of the potent antibiofilm activity of teixobactin analogoues against Staphylococcus species associated with serious chronic infections. Our results suggest that the use of hydrophobic, non-proteogenic amino acids at position 10 in combination with arginine at positions 3, 4 and 9 holds the key to synthesising a new generation of highly potent teixobactin analogues to tackle resistant bacterial infections and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Parmar
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tsz Ying To
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joey Kuok Hoong Yam
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Enas Newire
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maria C Robertson
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen H Prior
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK.
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4
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Qi YK, Tang X, Wei NN, Pang CJ, Du SS, Wang KW. Discovery, synthesis, and optimization of teixobactin, a novel antibiotic without detectable bacterial resistance. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3428. [PMID: 35610021 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Discovering new antibiotics with novel chemical scaffolds and antibacterial mechanisms presents a challenge for medicinal scientists worldwide as the ever-increasing bacterial resistance poses a serious threat to human health. A new cyclic peptide-based antibiotic termed teixobactin was discovered from a screen of uncultured soil bacteria through iChip technology in 2015. Teixobactin exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against all the tested gram-positive pathogens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including drug-resistant strains. Given that teixobactin targets the highly conserved lipid II and lipid III, which induces the simultaneous inhibition of both peptidoglycan and teichoic acid synthesis, the emergence of resistance is considered to be rather difficult. The novel structure, potent antibacterial activity, and highly conservative targets make teixobactin a promising lead compound for further antibiotic development. This review provides a comprehensive treatise on the advances of teixobactin in the areas of discovery processes, antibacterial activity, mechanisms of action, chemical synthesis, and structural optimizations. The synthetic methods for the key building block l-allo-End, natural teixobactin, representative teixobactin analogues, as well as the structure-activity relationship studies will be highlighted and discussed in details. Finally, some insights into new trends for the generation of novel teixobactin analogues and tips for future work and directions will be commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kun Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning-Ning Wei
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Pang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan-Shan Du
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Wei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Farah HI, Supratman U, Hidayat AT, Maharani R. An Overview of the Synthesis of Biologically Active Cyclodepsipeptides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harra Ismi Farah
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of Farmaka Tropis Pharmacy Faculty Universitas Mulawarman Jalan Penajam No.1 Samarinda 75119 East Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
| | - Ace Tatang Hidayat
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21 Jatinangor 45363 West Java Indonesia
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6
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Saur JS, Wirtz SN, Schilling NA, Krismer B, Peschel A, Grond S. Distinct Lugdunins from a New Efficient Synthesis and Broad Exploitation of Its MRSA-Antimicrobial Structure. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4034-4058. [PMID: 33779184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new solid-phase peptide synthesis and bioprofiling of the antimicrobial activity of lugdunin, a fibupeptide, enable a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) study (MRSA Staphylococcus aureus). Distinct lugdunin analogues with variation of the three important amino acids Val2, Trp3, and Leu4 are readily available based on the established high-output synthesis. This efficient synthesis concept takes advantage of the presynthesized thiazolidine building block. To gain further knowledge of SAR, d-Val2, and d-Leu4 were replaced with aliphatic amino acids. For l-Trp3 derivatization, a set of non-natural aromatic amino acids with manifold substitution and annulation patterns precisely shows structural imperatives, starting from the exchange of d-Val6 → d-Trp6 with a 2-fold improved biological activity. d-Trp6-lugdunin analogues with additional variation of d-Val2 and d-Leu4 residues were designed and synthesized followed by antimicrobial profiling. For the first time, these SAR studies deliver valuable information on the tolerance of other amino acids to d-Val2, l-Trp3, and d-Leu4 in the sequence of lugdunin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Saur
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian N Wirtz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadine A Schilling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Krismer
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grond
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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7
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Upert G, Luther A, Obrecht D, Ermert P. Emerging peptide antibiotics with therapeutic potential. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 9:100078. [PMID: 33398258 PMCID: PMC7773004 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers some of the recent progress in the field of peptide antibiotics with a focus on compounds with novel or established mode of action and with demonstrated efficacy in animal infection models. Novel drug discovery approaches, linear and macrocyclic peptide antibiotics, lipopeptides like the polymyxins as well as peptides addressing targets located in the plasma membrane or in the outer membrane of bacterial cells are discussed.
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Key Words
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion – toxicity in pharmacokinetics
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- AMR, antimicrobial resistance
- ATCC, ATCC cell collection
- Antibiotic
- BAM, β-barrel assembly machinery
- CC50, cytotoxic concentration to kill 50% of cells
- CD, circular dichroism
- CFU, colony forming unit
- CLSI, clinical and laboratory standards institute
- CMS, colistin methane sulfonate
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- ESKAPE, acronym encompassing six bacterial pathogens (often carrying antibiotic resistance): Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- HABP, hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia
- HDP, host-defense peptide
- HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293 cells
- HK-2, human kidney 2 cells (proximal tubular cell line)
- HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
- Hpg, 4-hydroxy-phenyl glycine
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae metallo-β-lactamase C resistant
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LptA, lipopolysaccharide transport protein A
- LptC, lipopolysaccharide transport protein C
- LptD, lipopolysaccharide transport protein D
- MDR, multidrug-resistant
- MH-I, Müller-Hinton broth I
- MH-II, Müller-Hinton broth II (cation adjusted)
- MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration
- MRSA, methicilline-resistant S. aureus
- MSSA, methicilline-sensitive S. aureus
- MoA, mechanism (mode) of action
- NDM-1, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase resistant
- NOAEL, no adverse effect level
- ODL, odilorhabdin
- OMPTA (outer membrane targeting antibiotic)
- OMPTA, outer membrane targeting antibiotic
- Omp, outer membrane protein
- PBMC, peripheral mononuclear blood cell
- PBP, penicillin-binding protein
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- POPG, 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-glycerol)
- PrAMPs, polyproline antimicrobial peptides
- RBC, red blood cell
- SAR, structure-activity relationship
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- SPase I, signal peptidase I
- VABP, ventilator associated bacterial pneumonia
- VIM-1, beta-lactamase 2 (K. pneumoniae)
- VISA, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus
- VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
- WHO, World Health Organization
- WT, wild type
- WTA, wall teichoic acid
- XDR, extremely drug-resistant
- antimicrobial peptide
- antimicrobial resistance
- bid, bis in die (two times a day)
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- i.v., intravenous
- lipopeptide
- mITT population, minimal intend-to-treat population
- peptide antibiotic
- s.c., subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Upert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anatol Luther
- Bachem AG, Hauptstrasse 114, 4416 Bubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Obrecht
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Ermert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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8
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Torres MDT, Cao J, Franco OL, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Synthetic Biology and Computer-Based Frameworks for Antimicrobial Peptide Discovery. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2143-2164. [PMID: 33538585 PMCID: PMC8734659 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of our time. This global health problem originated from a paucity of truly effective antibiotic classes and an increased incidence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial isolates in hospitals worldwide. Indeed, it has been recently estimated that 10 million people will die annually from drug-resistant infections by the year 2050. Therefore, the need to develop out-of-the-box strategies to combat antibiotic resistance is urgent. The biological world has provided natural templates, called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exhibit multiple intrinsic medical properties including the targeting of bacteria. AMPs can be used as scaffolds and, via engineering, can be reconfigured for optimized potency and targetability toward drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we review the recent development of tools for the discovery, design, and production of AMPs and propose that the future of peptide drug discovery will involve the convergence of computational and synthetic biology principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jicong Cao
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70790160, Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS 79117010, Brazil
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Zhang Y, Carney D, Henninot A, Srinivasan K. Novel High-Throughput Strategy for the Aqueous Solubility Assessment of Peptides and Proteins Exhibiting a Propensity for Gelation: Application to the Discovery of Novel Antibacterial Teixobactin Analogues. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:469-474. [PMID: 33290075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel high-throughput aqueous solubility assay was developed for peptides and proteins exhibiting a high gelling propensity (in this case, antibacterial teixobactin analogues). By integrating the assessment of gel formation, as indicated by an increase in the solution viscosity, into the peptide equilibrium solubility screening assay, we were able to estimate the "free-flowing solubility", which is defined as the concentration at which the peptide solution not only is fully dissolved but also is a liquid exhibiting ideal flowing characteristics. In this workflow, peptide solutions passing the turbidity assessment were further screened by viscosity measurements based on nanobead-assisted dynamic light scattering analysis in a 96-well plate. The method is able to effectively detect the initiation of peptide gelation and facilitate compound ranking based on their aqueous solubility. The application of such an approach helped confirm that the substitution of Ser3 in teixobactin led to desired physicochemical improvements and provided a focal point for further chemistry structure-activity relationship exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- DMPK, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel Carney
- Molecular Design, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Antoine Henninot
- Molecular Design, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Karthik Srinivasan
- DMPK, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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10
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Amino [13]-macrodilactones: Synthesis, derivatization, and structural motifs. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Berlinck RGS, Bernardi DI, Fill T, Fernandes AAG, Jurberg ID. The chemistry and biology of guanidine secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:586-667. [PMID: 33021301 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2017-2019Guanidine natural products isolated from microorganisms, marine invertebrates and terrestrial plants, amphibians and spiders, represented by non-ribosomal peptides, guanidine-bearing polyketides, alkaloids, terpenoids and shikimic acid derived, are the subject of this review. The topics include the discovery of new metabolites, total synthesis of natural guanidine compounds, biological activity and mechanism-of-action, biosynthesis and ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Yim VV, Cameron AJ, Kavianinia I, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Thiol-ene Enabled Chemical Synthesis of Truncated S-Lipidated Teixobactin Analogs. Front Chem 2020; 8:568. [PMID: 32850619 PMCID: PMC7417771 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein is described the introduction of lipid moieties onto a simplified teixobactin pharmacophore using a modified Cysteine Lipidation on a Peptide or Amino acid (CLipPA) technique, whereby cysteine was substituted for 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). A truncated teixobactin analog was prepared with the requisite thiol handle, thus enabling an array of vinyl esters to be conveniently conjugated onto the simplified teixobactin pharmacophore to yield S-lipidated cyclic lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Yim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan J Cameron
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Iman Kavianinia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Gunjal VB, Thakare R, Chopra S, Reddy DS. Teixobactin: A Paving Stone toward a New Class of Antibiotics? J Med Chem 2020; 63:12171-12195. [PMID: 32520557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to human health worldwide, prompting research efforts on a massive scale in search of novel antibiotics to fill an urgent need for a remedy. Teixobactin, a macrocyclic depsipeptide natural product, isolated from uncultured bacteria (Eleftheria terrae), displayed potent activity against several Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The distinct pharmacological profile and interesting structural features of teixobactin with nonstandard amino acid (three d-amino acids and l-allo-enduracididine) residues attracted several research groups to work on this target molecule in search of novel antibiotics with new mechanism. Herein, we present a comprehensive and critical perspective on immense possibilities offered by teixobactin in the domain of drug discovery. Efforts made by various research groups since its isolation are discussed, highlighting the molecule's considerable potential with special emphasis on replacement of amino acids. Critical analysis of synthetic efforts, SAR studies, and the way forward are provided hereunder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya B Gunjal
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ritesh Thakare
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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14
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Karas JA, Chen F, Schneider-Futschik EK, Kang Z, Hussein M, Swarbrick J, Hoyer D, Giltrap AM, Payne RJ, Li J, Velkov T. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of teixobactin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1459:86-105. [PMID: 31792983 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has led to the effective treatment of bacterial infections that were otherwise fatal and has had a transformative effect on modern medicine. Teixobactin is an unusual depsipeptide natural product that was recently discovered from a previously unculturable soil bacterium and found to possess potent antibacterial activity against several Gram positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. One of the key features of teixobactin as an antibiotic lead is that resistance could not be generated in a laboratory setting. This is proposed to be a result of a mechanism of action that involves binding to essential cell wall synthesis building blocks, lipid II and lipid III. Since the initial isolation report in 2015, significant efforts have been made to understand its unique mechanism of action, develop efficient synthetic routes for its production, and thus enable the generation of analogues for structure-activity relationship studies and optimization of its pharmacological properties. Our review provides a comprehensive treatise on the progress in understanding teixobactin chemistry, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms of antibacterial activity. Teixobactin represents an exciting starting point for the development of new antibiotics that can be used to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial ("superbug") infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Karas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena K Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhisen Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew M Giltrap
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Jing X, Jin K. A gold mine for drug discovery: Strategies to develop cyclic peptides into therapies. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:753-810. [PMID: 31599007 DOI: 10.1002/med.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile therapeutic modality, peptides attract much attention because of their great binding affinity, low toxicity, and the capability of targeting traditionally "undruggable" protein surfaces. However, the deficiency of cell permeability and metabolic stability always limits the success of in vitro bioactive peptides as drug candidates. Peptide macrocyclization is one of the most established strategies to overcome these limitations. Over the past decades, more than 40 cyclic peptide drugs have been clinically approved, the vast majority of which are derived from natural products. The de novo discovered cyclic peptides on the basis of rational design and in vitro evolution, have also enabled the binding with targets for which nature provides no solutions. The current review summarizes different classes of cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities, and presents an overview of various approaches to develop cyclic peptide-based drug candidates, drawing upon series of examples to illustrate each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Jing
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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16
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Velkov T, Swarbrick JD, Hussein MH, Schneider-Futschik EK, Hoyer D, Li J, Karas JA. The impact of backbone N-methylation on the structure-activity relationship of Leu 10 -teixobactin. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3206. [PMID: 31389086 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global human health; therefore, new anti-infective therapeutics are required. The cyclic depsi-peptide teixobactin exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive pathogens. To study the natural product's mechanism of action and improve its pharmacological properties, efficient chemical methods for preparing teixobactin analogues are required to expedite structure-activity relationship studies. Described herein is a synthetic route that enables rapid access to analogues. Furthermore, our new N-methylated analogues highlight that hydrogen bonding along the N-terminal tail is likely to be important for antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James D Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maytham H Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena K Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Karas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Matheson E, Jin K, Li X. Establishing the structure-activity relationship of teixobactin. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Zong Y, Fang F, Meyer KJ, Wang L, Ni Z, Gao H, Lewis K, Zhang J, Rao Y. Gram-scale total synthesis of teixobactin promoting binding mode study and discovery of more potent antibiotics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3268. [PMID: 31332172 PMCID: PMC6646333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin represents a new class of antibiotics with novel structure and excellent activity against Gram-positive pathogens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we report a one-pot reaction to conveniently construct the key building block L-allo-Enduracidine in 30-gram scale in just one hour and a convergent strategy (3 + 2 + 6) to accomplish a gram-scale total synthesis of teixobactin. Several analogs are described, with 20 and 26 identified as the most efficacious analogs with 3~8-fold and 2~4-fold greater potency against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus respectively in comparison with teixobactin. In addition, they show high efficiency in Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia mouse model and neutropenic mouse thigh infection model using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We also propose that the antiparallel β-sheet of teixobactin is important for its bioactivity and an antiparallel dimer of teixobactin is the minimal binding unit for lipid II via key amino acids variations and molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Kirsten J Meyer
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Gao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Haidian District, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jingren Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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19
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Abouelhassan Y, Garrison AT, Yang H, Chávez-Riveros A, Burch GM, Huigens RW. Recent Progress in Natural-Product-Inspired Programs Aimed To Address Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7618-7642. [PMID: 30951303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria utilize multiple mechanisms that enable them to gain or acquire resistance to antibiotic therapies during the treatment of infections. In addition, bacteria form biofilms which are surface-attached communities of enriched populations containing persister cells encased within a protective extracellular matrix of biomolecules, leading to chronic and recurring antibiotic-tolerant infections. Antibiotic resistance and tolerance are major global problems that require innovative therapeutic strategies to address the challenges associated with pathogenic bacteria. Historically, natural products have played a critical role in bringing new therapies to the clinic to treat life-threatening bacterial infections. This Perspective provides an overview of antibiotic resistance and tolerance and highlights recent advances (chemistry, biology, drug discovery, and development) from various research programs involved in the discovery of new antibacterial agents inspired by a diverse series of natural product antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Aaron T Garrison
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Alejandra Chávez-Riveros
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Gena M Burch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Robert W Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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20
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Li FF, Brimble MA. Using chemical synthesis to optimise antimicrobial peptides in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the urgent need for novel antibacterial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the host-defence molecules of most living organisms, have shown great promise as potential antibiotic candidates due to their multiple mechanisms of action which result in very low or negligible induction of resistance. However, the development of AMPs for clinical use has been limited by their potential toxicity to animal cells, low metabolic stability and high manufacturing cost. Extensive efforts have therefore been directed towards the development of enhanced variants of natural AMPs to overcome these aforementioned limitations. In this review, we present our efforts focused on development of efficient strategies to prepare several recently discovered AMPs including antitubercular peptides. The design and synthesis of more potent and stable AMP analogues with synthetic modifications made to the natural peptides containing glycosylated residues or disulfide bridges are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda F. Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , 3 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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21
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Öster C, Walkowiak GP, Hughes DE, Spoering AL, Peoples AJ, Catherwood AC, Tod JA, Lloyd AJ, Herrmann T, Lewis K, Dowson CG, Lewandowski JR. Structural studies suggest aggregation as one of the modes of action for teixobactin. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8850-8859. [PMID: 30627403 PMCID: PMC6296168 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin is a new promising antibiotic that targets cell wall biosynthesis by binding to lipid II and has no detectable resistance thanks to its unique but yet not fully understood mechanism of operation. To aid in the structure-based design of teixobactin analogues with improved pharmacological properties, we present a 3D structure of native teixobactin in membrane mimetics and characterise its binding to lipid II through a combination of solution NMR and fast (90 kHz) magic angle spinning solid state NMR. In NMR titrations, we observe a pattern strongly suggesting interactions between the backbone of the C-terminal "cage" and the pyrophosphate moiety in lipid II. We find that the N-terminal part of teixobactin does not only act as a membrane anchor, as previously thought, but is actively involved in binding. Moreover, teixobactin forms a well-structured and specific complex with lipid II, where the N-terminal part of teixobactin assumes a β conformation that is highly prone to aggregation, which likely contributes to the antibiotic's high bactericidal efficiency. Overall, our study provides several new clues to teixobactin's modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Öster
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Grzegorz P Walkowiak
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | | | | | | | - Anita C Catherwood
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Julie A Tod
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Adrian J Lloyd
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Torsten Herrmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , CEA , IBS , F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center , Northeastern University , Department of Biology , Boston , MA 02115 , USA
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22
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Ramchuran EJ, Somboro AM, Abdel Monaim SAH, Amoako DG, Parboosing R, Kumalo HM, Agrawal N, Albericio F, Torre BGDL, Bester LA. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Teixobactin Derivatives on Clinically Relevant Bacterial Isolates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1535. [PMID: 30050518 PMCID: PMC6051056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) are included on the WHO high priority list of pathogens that require urgent intervention. Hence emphasis needs to be placed on developing novel class of molecules to tackle these pathogens. Teixobactin is a new class of antibiotic that has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against common bacteria. Here we examined the antimicrobial properties of three Teixobactin derivatives against clinically relevant bacterial isolates taken from South African patients. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the effect of serum on MICs and the time-kill kinetics studies of our synthesized Teixobactin derivatives (3, 4, and 5) were ascertained following the CLSI 2017 guidelines and using the broth microdilution method. Haemolysis on red blood cells (RBCs) and cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed to determine the safety of these compounds. The MICs of 3, 4, and 5 against reference strains were 4–64 μg/ml, 2–64 μg/ml, and 0.5–64 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs observed for MRSA were (3) 32 μg/ml, (4) 2–4 μg/ml and (5) 2–4 μg/ml whilst those for VRE were (3) 8–16 μg/ml, (4) 4 μg/ml and (5) 2–16 μg/ml, respectively. In the presence of 50% human serum, there was no significant effect on the MICs. The compounds did not exhibit any effect on cell viability at their effective concentrations. Teixobactin derivatives (3, 4, and 5) inhibited bacterial growth in drug-resistant bacteria and hence emerge as potential antimicrobial agents. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested that the most dominant binding mode of Lys10-teixobactin (4) to lipid II is through the amide protons of the cycle, which is identical to data described in the literature for the natural teixobactin hence predicting the possibility of a similar mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle J Ramchuran
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anou M Somboro
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shimaa A H Abdel Monaim
- Peptide Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de La Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Linda A Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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23
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Ng V, Kuehne SA, Chan WC. Rational Design and Synthesis of Modified Teixobactin Analogues: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus
, Propionibacterium acnes
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemistry 2018; 24:9136-9147. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ng
- School of Pharmacy; Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Kuehne
- School of Dentistry; Institute for Microbiology and Infection; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B5 7EG United Kingdom
| | - Weng C. Chan
- School of Pharmacy; Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
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24
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Zong Y, Sun X, Gao H, Meyer KJ, Lewis K, Rao Y. Developing Equipotent Teixobactin Analogues against Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Discovering a Hydrophobic Interaction between Lipid II and Teixobactin. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3409-3421. [PMID: 29629769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Teixobactin, targeting lipid II, represents a new class of antibiotics with novel structures and has excellent activity against Gram-positive pathogens. We developed a new convergent method to synthesize a series of teixobactin analogues and explored structure-activity relationships. We obtained equipotent and simplified teixobactin analogues, replacing the l- allo-enduracididine with lysine, substituting oxygen to nitrogen on threonine, and adding a phenyl group on the d-phenylalanine. On the basis of the antibacterial activities that resulted from corresponding modifications of the d-phenylalanine, we propose a hydrophobic interaction between lipid II and the N-terminal of teixobactin analogues, which we map out with our analogue 35. Finally, a representative analogue from our series showed high efficiency in a mouse model of Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hongying Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Kirsten J Meyer
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
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25
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Girt GC, Mahindra A, Al Jabri ZJH, De Ste Croix M, Oggioni MR, Jamieson AG. Lipopeptidomimetics derived from teixobactin have potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2767-2770. [PMID: 29484340 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of lipopeptidomimetics derived from teixobactin have been prepared that probe the role of residues (1-6) as a membrane anchor and the function of enduracididine. The most active compounds, with a farnesyl tail and End10 to Lys10 or Orn10 substitution have potent activity (MIC 8 μg mL-1) against S. aureus. These results pave the way for the synthesis of simple, cost-effective yet potent lipopeptidomimetic antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina C Girt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Amit Mahindra
- School of Chemistry, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Zaaima J H Al Jabri
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Megan De Ste Croix
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Marco R Oggioni
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrew G Jamieson
- School of Chemistry, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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26
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Yang H, Du Bois DR, Ziller JW, Nowick JS. X-ray crystallographic structure of a teixobactin analogue reveals key interactions of the teixobactin pharmacophore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2772-2775. [PMID: 28217800 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray crystallographic structure of a truncated teixobactin analogue reveals hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions and a cavity that binds a chloride anion. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against Gram-positive bacteria correlate the observed structure with antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - D R Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - J W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
| | - J S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
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27
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Synthesis and antibacterial studies of teixobactin analogues with non-isostere substitution of enduracididine. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1062-1068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Parmar A, Lakshminarayanan R, Iyer A, Mayandi V, Leng Goh ET, Lloyd DG, Chalasani MLS, Verma NK, Prior SH, Beuerman RW, Madder A, Taylor EJ, Singh I. Design and Syntheses of Highly Potent Teixobactin Analogues against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2009-2017. [PMID: 29363971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic depsipeptide, teixobactin, kills a number of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis without detectable resistance. To date, teixobactin is the only molecule in its class that has shown in vivo antibacterial efficacy. In this work, we designed and synthesized 10 new in vivo ready teixobactin analogues. These analogues showed highly potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in vitro. One analogue, d-Arg4-Leu10-teixobactin, 2, was found to be noncytotoxic in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, topical instillation of peptide 2 in a mouse model of S. aureus keratitis decreased the bacterial bioburden (>99.0% reduction) and corneal edema significantly as compared to untreated mouse corneas. Collectively, our results have established the high therapeutic potential of a teixobactin analogue in attenuating bacterial infections and associated severities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
| | - Venkatesh Mayandi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | | | | | - Navin K Verma
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Nanyang Technological University , 636921 Singapore
| | | | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia , Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , 169857 Singapore
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , Ghent B-9000 , Belgium
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29
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Giltrap A. Total Synthesis of Teixobactin. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8806-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Liu L, Wu S, Wang Q, Zhang M, Wang B, He G, Chen G. Total synthesis of teixobactin and its stereoisomers. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00145f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The total syntheses of teixobactin and a series of its stereoisomers at positions 2, 5, 6, 10 and 11 were achieved via a combined strategy of solution and solid phase peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - S. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Q. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - M. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - B. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - G. He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - G. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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31
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Guo C, Mandalapu D, Ji X, Gao J, Zhang Q. Chemistry and Biology of Teixobactin. Chemistry 2017; 24:5406-5422. [PMID: 28991382 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to existing drugs is becoming a serious public health issue, urging extensive search for new antibiotics. Teixobactin, a cyclic depsipeptide discovered in a screen of uncultured bacteria, shows potent activity against all the tested Gram-positive bacteria. Remarkably, no teixobactin-resistant bacterial strain has been obtained despite extensive efforts, highlighting the great potential of teixobactin as a lead compound in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review summarizes recent progresses in the understanding of many aspects of teixobactin, including chemical structure, biological activity, biosynthetic pathway, and mode of action. We also discuss the different synthetic strategies in producing teixobactin and its analogues, and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | | | - Xinjian Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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32
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Chan-Park MB, Mu Y. Binding Modes of Teixobactin to Lipid II: Molecular Dynamics Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17197. [PMID: 29222455 PMCID: PMC5722933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin (TXB) is a newly discovered antibiotic targeting the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II (LII). In the present work, four binding modes of TXB on LII were identified by a contact-map based clustering method. The highly flexible binary complex ensemble was generated by parallel tempering metadynamics simulation in a well-tempered ensemble (PTMetaD-WTE). In agreement with experimental findings, the pyrophosphate group and the attached first sugar subunit of LII are found to be the minimal motif for stable TXB binding. Three of the four binding modes involve the ring structure of TXB and have relatively higher binding affinities, indicating the importance of the ring motif of TXB in LII recognition. TXB-LII complexes with a ratio of 2:1 are also predicted with configurations such that the ring motif of two TXB molecules bound to the pyrophosphate-MurNAc moiety and the glutamic acid residue of one LII, respectively. Our findings disclose that the ring motif of TXB is critical to LII binding and novel antibiotics can be designed based on its mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yaxin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, NTU, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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33
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Chen KH, Le SP, Han X, Frias JM, Nowick JS. Alanine scan reveals modifiable residues in teixobactin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11357-11359. [PMID: 28967925 PMCID: PMC6361391 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03415f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An alanine scan of Lys10-teixobactin reveals that a cationic residue at position 10 is not necessary for antibiotic activity and that position 3 tolerates substitution without loss of activity. An unexpected correlation between poor aqueous solubility and better antibiotic activity of the teixobactin analogues is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
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34
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Parmar A, Iyer A, Prior SH, Lloyd DG, Leng Goh ET, Vincent CS, Palmai-Pallag T, Bachrati CZ, Breukink E, Madder A, Lakshminarayanan R, Taylor EJ, Singh I. Teixobactin analogues reveal enduracididine to be non-essential for highly potent antibacterial activity and lipid II binding. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8183-8192. [PMID: 29568465 PMCID: PMC5855875 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leu10-teixobactin and Ile10-teixobactin have shown comparable activity to natural teixobactin.
Teixobactin is a highly promising antibacterial depsipeptide consisting of four d-amino acids and a rare l-allo-enduracididine amino acid. l-allo-Enduracididine is reported to be important for the highly potent antibacterial activity of teixobactin. However, it is also a key limiting factor in the development of potent teixobactin analogues due to several synthetic challenges such as it is not commercially available, requires a multistep synthesis, long and repetitive couplings (16–30 hours). Due to all these challenges, the total synthesis of teixobactin is laborious and low yielding (3.3%). In this work, we have identified a unique design and developed a rapid synthesis (10 min μwave assisted coupling per amino acid, 30 min cyclisation) of several highly potent analogues of teixobactin with yields of 10–24% by replacing the l-allo-enduracididine with commercially available non-polar residues such as leucine and isoleucine. Most importantly, the Leu10-teixobactin and Ile10-teixobactin analogues have shown highly potent antibacterial activity against a broader panel of MRSA and Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). Furthermore, these synthetic analogues displayed identical antibacterial activity to natural teixobactin (MIC 0.25 μg mL–1) against MRSA ATCC 33591 despite their simpler design and ease of synthesis. We have confirmed lipid II binding and measured the binding affinities of individual amino acid residues of Ala10-teixobactin towards geranyl pyrophosphate by NMR to understand the nature and strength of binding interactions. Contrary to current understanding, we have shown that a cationic amino acid at position 10 is not essential for target (lipid II) binding and potent antibacterial activity of teixobactin. We thus provide strong evidence contrary to the many assumptions made about the mechanism of action of this exciting new antibiotic. Introduction of a non-cationic residue at position 10 allows for tremendous diversification in the design and synthesis of highly potent teixobactin analogues and lays the foundations for the development of teixobactin analogues as new drug-like molecules to target MRSA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Parmar
- School of Pharmacy , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK .
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- School of Pharmacy , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK . .,Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group , Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Stephen H Prior
- School of Chemistry , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Daniel G Lloyd
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , Singapore 169857
| | - Charlotte S Vincent
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Timea Palmai-Pallag
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Csanad Z Bachrati
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics , Institute of Biomembranes , Utrecht University , Padualaan 8 , 3584 CH Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group , Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , Singapore 169857
| | - Edward J Taylor
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- School of Pharmacy , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK .
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35
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Abdel Monaim SAH, Jad YE, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Teixobactin as a scaffold for unlimited new antimicrobial peptides: SAR study. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2788-2796. [PMID: 29029900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It looks that a new era of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) started with the discovery of teixobactin, which is a "head to side-chain" cyclodepsipeptide. It was isolated from a soil gram-negative b-proteobacteria by means of a revolutionary technique. Since there, several groups have developed synthetic strategies for efficient synthesis of this peptide and its analogues as well. Herein, all chemistries reported as well as the biological activity of the analogues are analyzed. Finally, some inputs regarding new trends for the next generation of analogues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A H Abdel Monaim
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Jad
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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36
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Investigation of the N-Terminus Amino Function of Arg 10-Teixobactin. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101632. [PMID: 28956840 PMCID: PMC6151525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Teixobactin is a recently described antimicrobial peptide that shows high activity against gram-positive bacteria as well as mycobacterium tuberculosis. Due to both its structure as a head-to-side chain cyclodepsipeptide and its activity, it has attracted the attention of several research groups. In this regard, a large number of analogs with substitutions in both the cycle and the tail has been described. Here, we report the contribution of the N-terminus residue, N-Me-d-Phe, to the activity of Arg10-teixobactin. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that the N-terminus accepts minimum changes but not the presence of long alkyl chains. The presence of a positive charge is a requirement for the activity of the peptide. Furthermore, acylation of the N-terminus leads to total loss of activity.
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37
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Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of teixobactin analogues via convergent Ser ligation. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4990-4995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Abdel Monaim SAH, Ramchuran EJ, El-Faham A, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Converting Teixobactin into a Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP). J Med Chem 2017; 60:7476-7482. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. H. Abdel Monaim
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Estelle J. Ramchuran
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering,
Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona
Science Park, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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39
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Acosta GA, Royo M, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Facile solid-phase synthesis of head-side chain cyclothiodepsipeptides through a cyclative cleavage from MeDbz-resin. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Parmar A, Iyer A, Lloyd DG, Vincent CS, Prior SH, Madder A, Taylor EJ, Singh I. Syntheses of potent teixobactin analogues against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through the replacement of l-allo-enduracididine with its isosteres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesised 8 simplified, potent teixobactin analogues by replacing l-allo-enduracididine with its isosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Parmar
- School of Pharmacy
- JBL Building
- University of Lincoln
- UK
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- School of Pharmacy
- JBL Building
- University of Lincoln
- UK
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
| | - Daniel G. Lloyd
- School of Life Sciences
- Joseph Bank Laboratories
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln LN6 7DL
- UK
| | - Charlotte S. Vincent
- School of Life Sciences
- Joseph Bank Laboratories
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln LN6 7DL
- UK
| | - Stephen H. Prior
- School of Chemistry JBL Building
- University of Lincoln
- Beevor St. Lincoln
- UK
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic, Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Edward J. Taylor
- School of Chemistry JBL Building
- University of Lincoln
- Beevor St. Lincoln
- UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- School of Pharmacy
- JBL Building
- University of Lincoln
- UK
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