1
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Somprasong S, Castiñeira Reis M, Harutyunyan SR. Grignard Reagent Addition to Pyridinium Salts: A Catalytic Approach to Chiral 1,4-Dihydropyridines. ACS Catal 2024; 14:13030-13039. [PMID: 39263543 PMCID: PMC11385375 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic dearomatization of pyridinium salts is a powerful technique for constructing chiral N-heterocycles, which are crucial in alkaloid natural products and drugs. Despite its potential, progress in metal-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization of pyridinium derivatives has been limited. Here, we present the enantioselective 1,4-dearomatization of pyridinium salts using Grignard reagents and chiral copper catalysis. This approach yields enantioenriched functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines. Experimental kinetic isotope effects and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism, regio- and enantioselectivity, and the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphong Somprasong
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Castiñeira Reis
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/ Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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2
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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Ortiz KG, Hammons JS, Karimov RR. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Functionalization of Quinoxalinium Salts. Org Lett 2023; 25:8987-8991. [PMID: 38060420 PMCID: PMC11032262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric addition of aryl and alkenyl boronic acids to quinoxalinium salts that generates dihydroquinoxalines with high enantioselectivity. Functionalization of the reaction products, dihydroquinoxaline, allows the preparation of tetrahydroquinoxalines with various substitution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey G Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jensen S Hammons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Rashad R Karimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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4
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Huang Y, Qi Z, Li X. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Heteroarenium Salts Enabled by Nucleophilic Cyclization of 2-Alkynylanilines. Org Lett 2023; 25:8439-8444. [PMID: 37985509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed cyclative coupling of 2-alkynylanilines provides a feasible routine for accessing functionalized indoles. Herein, a rhodium-catalyzed highly enantioselective addition of heteroarenium salts is presented, which is enabled by the nucleophilic cyclization of 2-alkynylanilines. It offers feasible protocols to access enantioenriched functionalized indoles tethered to 1,2-dihydropyridine and 1,2-dihydroquinoline motifs with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisong Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China
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5
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Pappoppula M, Olsen KL, Ketelboeter DR, Aponick A. Enantio- and Regioselective Copper-Catalyzed 1,2-Dearomatization of Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312967. [PMID: 37820350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed dearomative alkynylation of pyridines is reported with excellent regio- and enantioselectivities. The synthetically valuable enantioenriched 2-alkynyl-1,2-dihydropyridine products afforded are generated from the readily available feedstock, pyridine, and commercially available terminal alkynes. The three-component reaction between a pyridine, a terminal alkyne, and methyl chloroformate employs copper chloride and StackPhos, a chiral biaryl P,N- ligand, as the catalytic system. Under mild reaction conditions, the desired 1,2-addition products are delivered in up to 99 % yield with regioselectivity ratios up to 25 : 1 and enantioselectivities values of up to 99 % ee. Activated and non-activated terminal alkynes containing a wide range of functional groups are well tolerated. Even acetylene gas delivered mono-alkynylated products in high yield and ee. Application of the methodology in an efficient enantioselective synthesis of the chiral piperidine indolizidine, coniceine, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pappoppula
- Department of Chemistry and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Kathryn L Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Devin R Ketelboeter
- Department of Chemistry and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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6
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Kim K, You E, Hong S. Nucleophilic C4-selective (hetero) arylation of pyridines for facile synthesis of heterobiaryls. Front Chem 2023; 11:1254632. [PMID: 37720719 PMCID: PMC10502421 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1254632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of heterobiaryl compounds holds significant value in organic chemistry due to their extensive range of applications. Herein, we report a highly efficient strategy for conducting C4-selective (hetero) arylation of pyridines using N-aminopyridinium salts. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature in the presence of a base, thus eliminating the requirement for catalysts or oxidants. This method allows for the installation of various electron-rich (hetero) aryl groups on pyridines, resulting in the streamlined synthesis of highly valuable C4-(hetero) aryl pyridine derivatives, which are otherwise challenging to acquire via conventional methods. This simple and straightforward method will facilitate access to a range of heterobiaryl compounds thereby promoting their application in various scientific disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna You
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Comparini LM, Pineschi M. Recent Progresses in the Catalytic Stereoselective Dearomatization of Pyridines. Molecules 2023; 28:6186. [PMID: 37687015 PMCID: PMC10488975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2- and 1,4-dihydropyridines and N-substituted 2-pyridones are very important structural motifs due to their synthetic versatility and vast presence in a variety of alkaloids and bioactive molecules. In this article, we gather and summarize the catalytic and stereoselective synthesis of partially hydrogenated pyridines and pyridones via the dearomative reactions of pyridine derivatives up to mid-2023. The material is fundamentally organized according to the type of reactivity (electrophilic/nucleophilic) of the pyridine nucleus. The material is further sub-divided taking into account the nucleophilic species when dealing with electrophilic pyridines and considering the reactivity manifold of pyridine derivatives behaving as nucleophiles at the nitrogen site. The latter more recent approach allows for an unconventional entry to chiral N-substituted 2- and 4-pyridones in non-racemic form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Pineschi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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8
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Wei J, Xing Y, Ye X, Nguyen B, Wojtas L, Hong X, Shi X. Gold-Catalyzed Amine Cascade Addition to Diyne-Ene: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydropyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305409. [PMID: 37167070 PMCID: PMC10524696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the well-documented chemical and biological applications, piperidine and pyridine are among the most important N-heterocycles, and a new synthetic strategy, especially one with an alternative bond-forming design, is of general interest. Using the gold-catalyzed intermolecular condensation of amine and diyne-ene, we report herein the first example of enantioselective 1,2-dihydropyridine synthesis through a formal [3+2+1] fashion (up to 95 % yield, up to 99 % e.e.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Yangyang Xing
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Bao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, FL 33620, Tampa, USA
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9
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Ortiz KG, Dotson JJ, Robinson DJ, Sigman MS, Karimov RR. Catalyst-Controlled Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Addition of Aryl Boron Nucleophiles to N-Alkyl Nicotinate Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11781-11788. [PMID: 37205733 PMCID: PMC10363019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dihydropyridines are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pyridines, tetrahydropyridines, and piperidines. Addition of nucleophiles to activated pyridinium salts allows synthesis of 1,2-, 1,4-, or 1,6-dihydropyridines; however, this process often leads to a mixture of constitutional isomers. Catalyst-controlled regioselective addition of nucleophiles to pyridiniums has the potential to solve this problem. Herein, we report that the regioselective addition of boron-based nucleophiles to pyridinium salts can be accomplished by the choice of a Rh catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey G Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jordan J Dotson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Donovan J Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rashad R Karimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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10
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Somprasong S, Reis MC, Harutyunyan SR. Catalytic Access to Chiral δ-Lactams via Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217328. [PMID: 36522289 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-bearing rings are common features in the molecular structures of modern drugs, with chiral δ-lactams being an important subclass due to their known pharmacological properties. Catalytic dearomatization of preactivated pyridinium ion derivatives emerged as a powerful method for the rapid construction of chiral N-heterocycles. However, direct catalytic dearomatization of simple pyridine derivatives are scarce and methodologies yielding chiral δ-lactams are yet to be developed. Herein, we describe an enantioselective C4-dearomatization of methoxypyridine derivatives for the preparation of functionalised enantioenriched δ-lactams using chiral copper catalysis. Experimental 13 C kinetic isotope effects and density functional theory calculations shed light on the reaction mechanism and the origin of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphong Somprasong
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Castiñeira Reis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Khandelia T, Ghosh S, Patel BK. Dearomative bis-functionalization of quinoxalines and bis- N-arylation of (benz)imidazoles via Cu(II)-mediated addition of boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2118-2121. [PMID: 36723297 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(OTf)2-mediated regioselective dearomative aryl-hydroxylation across the C(sp2)N bond of 2-aryl quinoxalines and bis-N-arylation of (benz)imidazoles were developed using aryl boronic acids. For the dearomative aryl-hydroxylation, the C-center should be electrophilic (ca. 0.08), the N-center nucleophilic (ca. -0.50), and the C(sp2)N bond polarized (Δe = 0.609).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Khandelia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Assam, India.
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12
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Hu C, Vo C, Merchant RR, Chen SJ, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Qin T. Uncanonical Semireduction of Quinolines and Isoquinolines via Regioselective HAT-Promoted Hydrosilylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25-31. [PMID: 36548026 PMCID: PMC9930105 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles are the backbone of modern medical chemistry and drug development. The derivatization of "an olefin" inside aromatic rings represents an ideal approach to access functionalized saturated heterocycles from abundant aromatic building blocks. Here, we report an operationally simple, efficient, and practical method to selectively access hydrosilylated and reduced N-heterocycles from bicyclic aromatics via a key diradical intermediate. This approach is expected to facilitate complex heterocycle functionalizations that enable access to novel medicinally relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Cuong Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Rohan R. Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan M. E. Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Byron K. Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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13
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Grigolo TA, Smith JM. Regiodivergent Asymmetric Pyridinium Additions: Mechanistic Insight and Synthetic Applications. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202813. [PMID: 36098490 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A practical protocol for the first regiodivergent asymmetric addition of aryl and alkenyl organometallic reagents to substituted N-alkyl pyridinium heterocycles is described. The couplings proceed with high regiochemical and stereochemical selectivities, and provide access to chiral 1,2,3- and 1,3,4-trisubstituted dihydropyridine products, controlled by judicious choice of nitrogen activating agent. To this end, a correlation was found between the parameterized size of the activating group and the C2/C4 regioselectivity in the couplings. The utility of the described chemistry was demonstrated in two concise asymmetric syntheses of (+)-N-methylaspidospermidine and (-)-paroxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Grigolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, 32306 Florida, USA
| | - Joel M Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, 32306 Florida, USA
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14
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Hu F, Chu Y, Cao Z, Li Y, Hui XP. Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines through Iridium-Catalyzed Formal [5+1] Annulation. Org Lett 2022; 24:6945-6950. [PMID: 36129810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient iridium-catalyzed asymmetric formal [5+1] annulation by in situ generation of enamines as N-nucleophiles for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridine derivatives is disclosed. The methodology offers direct access to a wide variety of chiral tetrahydropyridine derivatives in moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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15
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Pareek A, Kalek M. Regioselective Dearomatization of N‐Alkylquinolinium and Pyridinium Salts under Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Wang D, Xu L, Zheng S, Yang X. Transition‐Metal‐Free Regioselective Direct C2, C4 Difunctionalization and C2, C4, C6 Trifunctionalization of Pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shixin Zheng
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology CHINA
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17
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202305. [PMID: 35239987 PMCID: PMC9314030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalyzed nucleophilic allylations of pyridinium and quinolinium ions with various allyl pinacolboronates are reported. The reactions are completely selective with respect to the site of the azinium ion that is attacked, to give various functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines and 1,4-dihydroquinolines. Evidence suggests that the reactions proceed through nucleophilic allylgold(I) intermediates formed by transmetalation from allylboronates. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamJubilee Campus, Triumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamJubilee Campus, Triumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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18
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Robinson DJ, Ortiz KG, O’Hare NP, Karimov RR. Dearomatization of Heteroarenium Salts with ArBpin Reagents. Application to the Total Synthesis of a Nuphar Alkaloid. Org Lett 2022; 24:3445-3449. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donovan J. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Kacey G. Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Nathan P. O’Hare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Rashad R. Karimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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19
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Choi H, Mathi GR, Hong S, Hong S. Enantioselective functionalization at the C4 position of pyridinium salts through NHC catalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1776. [PMID: 35365667 PMCID: PMC8975994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalytic method for the enantioselective and C4-selective functionalization of pyridine derivatives is yet to be developed. Herein, we report an efficient method for the asymmetric β-pyridylations of enals that involve N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis with excellent control over enantioselectivity and pyridyl C4-selectivity. The key strategy for precise stereocontrol involves enhancing interactions between the chiral NHC-bound homoenolate and pyridinium salt in the presence of hexafluorobenzene, which effectively differentiates the two faces of the homoenolate radical. Room temperature is sufficient for this transformation, and reaction efficiency is further accelerated by photo-mediation. This methodology exhibits broad functional group tolerance and enables facile access to a diverse range of enantioenriched β-pyridyl carbonyl compounds under mild and metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyeol Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Gangadhar Rao Mathi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seonghyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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20
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- University of Nottingham School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Hon Wai Lam
- University of Nottingham The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry Jubilee CampusTriumph Road NG7 2TU Nottingham UNITED KINGDOM
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21
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Yang P, Wang Q, Cui BH, Zhang XD, Liu H, Zhang YY, Liu JL, Huang WY, Liang RX, Jia YX. Enantioselective Dearomative [3 + 2] Umpolung Annulation of N-Heteroarenes with Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1087-1093. [PMID: 35007081 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of N-heteroarenes with alkynes has been developed via a cobalt-catalyzed dearomative umpolung strategy in the presence of chiral ligand and reducing reagent. A variety of electron-deficient N-heteroarenes, including quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxaline, and pyridines, and internal or terminal alkynes are employed in this reaction, showing a broad substrate scope and good functionality tolerance. Annulation of electron-rich indoles with alkynes is also developed. This protocol provides a straightforward access to a variety of N-spiroheterocyclic molecules in excellent enantioselectivities (76 examples, up to 99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bing-Hui Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yue-Yuan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jia-Liang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Nallagonda R, Musaev DG, Karimov RR. Light-Promoted Dearomative Cross-Coupling of Heteroarenium Salts and Aryl Iodides via Nickel Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Nallagonda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rashad R. Karimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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23
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Min XL, Zhang XL, Yi W, He Y. Brønsted acid-enhanced copper-catalyzed atroposelective cycloisomerization to axially chiral arylquinolizones via dearomatization of pyridine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:373. [PMID: 35042873 PMCID: PMC8766466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of axially chiral N-heterobiaryls is of great interest as a result of their occurrence in organocatalysts, chiral ligands, natural products, and biologically active molecules. Despite remarkable achievements in this area, strategies for the preparation of new classes of axially chiral N-heterobiaryls remain to be further explored. Herein, we report the enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral arylquinolizones through an intramolecular atroposelective cycloisomerization. The reaction proceeds via the Brønsted acid-enhanced dearomatization of pyridine by a copper catalyst that allows for the formation of the desired products in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The utility of this methodology is illustrated by a synthesis on gram scale production and transformation of the products into chiral thiourea catalysts. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that Brønsted acid plays a significant role in promoting the reactivity of the reaction, while both the steric and electronic effects of aryl substituents in substrate play a role in controlling the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Min
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiu-Lian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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24
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McLaughlin C, Bitai J, Barber LJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines via the addition of C(1)-ammonium enolates to pyridinium salts. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12001-12011. [PMID: 34667566 PMCID: PMC8457386 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03860e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regio- and stereoselective addition of C(1)-ammonium enolates - generated in situ from aryl esters and the isothiourea catalyst (R)-BTM - to pyridinium salts bearing an electron withdrawing substituent in the 3-position allows the synthesis of a range of enantioenriched 1,4-dihydropyridines. This represents the first organocatalytic approach to pyridine dearomatisation using pronucleophiles at the carboxylic acid oxidation level. Optimisation studies revealed a significant solvent dependency upon product enantioselectivity, with only toluene providing significant asymmetric induction. Using DABCO as a base also proved beneficial for product enantioselectivity, while investigations into the nature of the counterion showed that co-ordinating bromide or chloride substrates led to higher product er than the corresponding tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate. The scope and limitations of this process are developed, with enantioselective addition to 3-cyano- or 3-sulfonylpyridinium salts giving the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines (15 examples, up to 95 : 5 dr and 98 : 2 er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Lydia J Barber
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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25
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Hu F, Xia Y, Jia J. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1577-7638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn recent decades, transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of electron-deficient heteroarenes, such as pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines and nitroindoles, has become a powerful method for accessing unsaturated heterocycles. This short review summarizes nucleophilic dearomatizations of electron-deficient heteroarenes with carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles via transition-metal catalysis. A significant number of functionalized heterocycles are obtained via this transformation. Importantly, many of these reactions are carried out in an enantioselective manner by means of asymmetric catalysis, providing a unique method for the construction of enantioenriched heterocycles.1 Introduction2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Heteroarenes via Alkynylation3 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Heteroarenes via Arylation4 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Heteroarenes with Other Nucleophiles5 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization with Nucleophiles Formed In Situ6 Conclusion and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University
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26
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Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M. Diels-Alder reactions of 1-amino-1,3-dienes and related systems. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Guo Y, Castiñeira Reis M, Kootstra J, Harutyunyan SR. Enantioselective Catalytic Dearomative Addition of Grignard Reagents to 4-Methoxypyridinium Ions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8476-8483. [PMID: 34306813 PMCID: PMC8291581 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We describe a general
catalytic methodology for the enantioselective
dearomative alkylation of pyridine derivatives with Grignard reagents,
allowing direct access to nearly enantiopure chiral dihydro-4-pyridones
with yields up to 98%. The methodology involves dearomatization of
in situ-formed N-acylpyridinium salts, employing
alkyl organomagnesium reagents as nucleophiles and a chiral copper
(I) complex as the catalyst. Computational and mechanistic studies
provide insights into the origin of the reactivity and enantioselectivity
of the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Guo
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Castiñeira Reis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Johanan Kootstra
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R. Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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28
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Mu BS, Cui XY, Zeng XP, Yu JS, Zhou J. Modular synthesis of chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines via Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence that internally reuses waste. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2219. [PMID: 33833227 PMCID: PMC8032725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-Dihydropyridines are valuable and reactive synthons, and particularly useful precursors to synthesize piperidines and pyridines that are among the most common structural components of pharmaceuticals. However, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of structurally diverse 1,2-dihydropyridines is limited to enantioselective addition of nucleophiles to activated pyridines. Here, we report a modular organocatalytic Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence as a flexible strategy to access chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines from N-Boc aldimines, aldehydes, and phosphoranes, using a chiral amine catalyst. The key step in this protocol, cycloisomerization of chiral N-Boc δ-amino α,β-unsaturated ketones recycles the waste to improve the yield. Specifically, recycling by-product water from imine formation to gradually release the true catalyst HCl via hydrolysis of SiCl4, whilst maintaining a low concentration of HCl to suppress side reactions, and reusing waste Ph3PO from the Wittig step to modulate the acidity of HCl. This approach allows facile access to enantioenriched 2-substituted, 2,3- or 2,6-cis-disubstituted, and 2,3,6-cis-trisubstituted piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shuai Mu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xing-Ping Zeng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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29
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Zhou S, Sun ZY, Zhu K, Zhao W, Tang X, Guo M, Wang G. Metal-Free Difunctionalization of Pyridines: Selective Construction of N-CF 2H and N-CHO Dihydropyridines. Org Lett 2021; 23:2205-2211. [PMID: 33635677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of N-difluoromethylpyridinium salts is seldom explored because of their instability and low availability. Here we present a novel nucleophilic addition of N-difluoromethylpyridinium salts with nitroalkanes to synthesize N-CF2H-dihydropyridines and N-CHO-dihydropyridines in a highly efficient and regioselective pathway. This protocol exhibits good functional group tolerance and good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Ying Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Testing Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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30
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Mu BS, Zhang ZH, Wu WB, Yu JS, Zhou J. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Dihydropyridines. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Nallagonda R, Karimov RR. Copper-Catalyzed Regio- and Diastereoselective Additions of Boron-Stabilized Carbanions to Heteroarenium Salts: Synthesis of Azaheterocycles Containing Contiguous Stereocenters. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Nallagonda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 378 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849 United States
| | - Rashad R. Karimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 378 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849 United States
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32
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Song X, Yan RJ, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric Dearomative Cascade Multiple Functionalizations of Activated N-Alkylpyridinium and N-Alkylquinolinium Salts. Org Lett 2020; 22:7617-7621. [PMID: 32940478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective cascade reaction of N-alkylpyridinium and -quinolinium salts with o-hydroxybenzylideneacetones to access fused polyheterocycles through cross dienamine-mediated addition followed by trapping of the dearomatized enamine-type intermediates and aminal formation has been developed. A cascade assembly of N-benzyl-4-methylpyridinium salt and cyclic 2,4-dienones is further disclosed to give bridged frameworks via repetitive dearomatization and aromatization activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ru-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
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34
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Dong L, Ma X, Fan Y, Wang D. A One‐Pot Dearomative Approach to C4‐Alkylated Tetrahydropyridines and Tetrahydroquinolines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linru Dong
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
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35
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Gribble MW, Liu RY, Buchwald SL. Evidence for Simultaneous Dearomatization of Two Aromatic Rings under Mild Conditions in Cu(I)-Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Dearomatization of Pyridine. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11252-11269. [PMID: 32453952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bis(phosphine) copper hydride complexes are uniquely able to catalyze direct dearomatization of unactivated pyridines with carbon nucleophiles, but the mechanistic basis for this result has been unclear. Here we show that, contrary to our initial hypotheses, the catalytic mechanism is monometallic and proceeds via dearomative rearrangement of the phenethylcopper nucleophile to a Cpara-metalated form prior to reaction at heterocycle C4. Our studies support an unexpected heterocycle-promoted pathway for this net 1,5-Cu-migration beginning with a doubly dearomative imidoyl-Cu-ene reaction. Kinetics, substituent effects, computational modeling, and spectroscopic studies support the involvement of this unusual process. In this pathway, the CuL2 fragment subsequently mediates a stepwise Cope rearrangement of the doubly dearomatized intermediate to the give the C4-functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridine, lowering a second barrier that would otherwise prohibit efficient asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Wang D, Jiang Y, Dong L, Li G, Sun B, Désaubry L, Yu P. One-Pot Selective Saturation and Functionalization of Heteroaromatics Leading to Dihydropyridines and Dihydroquinolines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5027-5037. [PMID: 32154711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot regioselective two C-C-bond-forming dearomatization of pyridines and quinolines is disclosed. Two 3,4-betaines are identified for the first time as very useful organic synthons in heterocyclic chemistry. Furthermore, the chemical reactivity of the prepared trifluoromethyl ketones, a new type of push-pull enones, has been explored to develop straightforward methods for their functionalization. This protocol represents a breakthrough in the dearomatization of heteroaromatics as both the selective saturation and functionalization of heteroaromatics are achieved in high efficiency by the attachment of two substituents, including the valuable trifluoromethyl ketone group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuanyang Jiang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Linru Dong
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Gaoyu Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Baoying Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cardio-Oncology, FRE2033, CNRS, Institut Le Bel, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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37
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Menichetti A, Berti F, Pineschi M. Nitroso Diels-Alder Cycloadducts Derived From N-Acyl-1,2-dihydropyridines as a New Platform to Molecular Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030563. [PMID: 32012951 PMCID: PMC7038088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses upon the use of nitroso Diels–Alder reactions as a structural complexity generating reaction that has been so far a quite scarcely treated topic, despite its potential. In particular, the use of N-acyl-1,2-dihydropyridines as a non-symmetrical diene component in nitroso Diels–Alder reactions encompasses an initial diversification of pathways giving rise to different cycloadducts (direct and inverse). Selective elaborations of these cycloadducts, basically using a reagent-based approach, deliver a discrete number of structurally diverse compounds, including some original heterobicyclic scaffolds and functionalized heterocycles. This forward synthetic planning allowed the individuation of a new biologically active compound based on a novel oxadiaza-bicyclic-[3.3.1]-nonene scaffold which is still under preclinical evaluation.
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38
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Robinson DJ, Spurlin SP, Gorden JD, Karimov RR. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyridines Containing Quaternary Stereocenters Through Dearomatization of Pyridinium Salts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donovan J. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 378 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Sean P. Spurlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 378 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - John D. Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 378 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Rashad R. Karimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 378 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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39
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Zhou X, Chen A, Du W, Wang Y, Peng Y, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrocarbonylative Cyclization Enabled by Formal Insertion of Aromatic C═N Bonds into Pd–Acyl Bonds. Org Lett 2019; 21:9114-9118. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xibing Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anrong Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Jung S, Lee H, Moon Y, Jung HY, Hong S. Site-Selective C–H Acylation of Pyridinium Derivatives by Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hoi-Yun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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41
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Ramaraju P, Pawar AP, Iype E, Mir NA, Choudhary S, Sharma DK, Kant R, Kumar I. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Two-Pot Synthesis of Isoquinuclidines from Glutaraldehyde and N-Aryl Imines with DFT Calculations. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12408-12419. [PMID: 31486644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A pot-economic method for the enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of a [2.2.2] azabicyclic isoquinuclidine system is developed. This protocol involves the proline-catalyzed direct Mannich reaction-cyclization/IBX-mediated site-selective oxidation/NaBH4-reduction sequence between glutaraldehyde and imines to generate in situ chiral 1,2-DHPs, followed by the diastereoselective Diels-Alder reaction with N-aryl maleimides furnishing isoquinuclidines in overall five steps. A variety of isoquinuclidines having five-contiguous chiral centers, including an all-carbon quaternary, were prepared with high yields (up to 78%) and excellent stereoselectivity (>50:1 dr, and up to >99:1 er). DFT calculations support the observed high stereoselective reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panduga Ramaraju
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology and Science , Pilani 333 031 , Rajasthan , India
| | - Amol Prakash Pawar
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology and Science , Pilani 333 031 , Rajasthan , India
| | - Eldhose Iype
- Department of Chemical Engineering , BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus , Dubai 345055 , UAE
| | - Nisar A Mir
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology and Science , Pilani 333 031 , Rajasthan , India
| | - Sachin Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology and Science , Pilani 333 031 , Rajasthan , India
| | - Devinder Kumar Sharma
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics , University of Jammu , Jammu 180 006 , India
| | - Rajni Kant
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics , University of Jammu , Jammu 180 006 , India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology and Science , Pilani 333 031 , Rajasthan , India
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42
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Srivastava V, Singh PK, Singh PP. Eosin Y catalysed visible-light mediated aerobic oxidation of tertiary amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Kim I, Kang G, Lee K, Park B, Kang D, Jung H, He YT, Baik MH, Hong S. Site-Selective Functionalization of Pyridinium Derivatives via Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis with Quinolinone. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9239-9248. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Gyumin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dahye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yu-Tao He
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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44
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Yedoyan J, Wurzer N, Klimczak U, Ertl T, Reiser O. Regio- und stereoselektive Synthese von funktionalisierten Dihydropyridinen, Pyridinen und 2H
-Pyranen: Heck-Kupplung an monocyclopropanierten Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julietta Yedoyan
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai Wurzer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Urszula Klimczak
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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45
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Yedoyan J, Wurzer N, Klimczak U, Ertl T, Reiser O. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Dihydropyridines, Pyridines, and 2H-Pyrans: Heck Coupling of Monocyclopropanated Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3594-3598. [PMID: 30629786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed coupling between aryl halides and monocyclopropanated pyrroles or furans has been developed, leading to valuable six-membered N- and O-heterocycles. As the key step, a selective cleavage of the non-activated endocyclic C-C bond of the 2-heterobicyclo-[3.1.0]hexane framework is achieved. The developed method offers access to highly functionalized piperidines, pyridines, and pyrans that are challenging to access by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta Yedoyan
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Nikolai Wurzer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Urszula Klimczak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland
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46
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The reductive C3 functionalization of pyridinium and quinolinium salts through iridium-catalysed interrupted transfer hydrogenation. Nat Chem 2018; 11:242-247. [PMID: 30559370 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic rings are ubiquitous in organic chemistry and form the basis of many commercial products. Despite the numerous routes available for the preparation of aromatic compounds, there remain few methods that allow their conversion into synthetically useful partially saturated derivatives and even fewer that allow new C-C bonds to be formed at the same time. Here we set out to address this problem and uncover a unique catalytic partial reduction reaction that forms partially saturated azaheterocycles from aromatic precursors. In this reaction, methanol and formaldehyde are used for the reductive functionalization of pyridines and quinolines using catalytic iridium; thus, inexpensive and renewable feedstocks are utilized in the formation of complex N-heterocycles. By harnessing the formation of a nucleophilic enamine intermediate, the C-C bond-forming process reverses the normal pattern of reactivity and allows access to the C3 position of the arene. Mechanistic investigations using D-labelling experiments reveal the source of hydride added to the ring and show the reversible nature of the iridium-hydride addition.
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47
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Yan RJ, Xiao BX, Ouyang Q, Liang HP, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric Dearomative Formal [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of N,4-Dialkylpyridinium Salts and Enones To Construct Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Frameworks. Org Lett 2018; 20:8000-8003. [PMID: 30525703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric dearomative formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of activated N,4-dialkylpyridinium salts and acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones was developed by the cascade iminium ion-enamine catalysis of a cinchona-derived amine. A spectrum of valuable azaspiro[5.5]undecane architectures was efficiently constructed with high to excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Ben-Xian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Hua-Ping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
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48
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Abstract
Amongst nitrogen heterocycles of different ring sizes and oxidation statuses, dihydropyridines (DHP) occupy a prominent role due to their synthetic versatility and occurrence in medicinally relevant compounds. One of the most straightforward synthetic approaches to polysubstituted DHP derivatives is provided by nucleophilic dearomatization of readily assembled pyridines. In this article, we collect and summarize nucleophilic dearomatization reactions of - pyridines reported in the literature between 2010 and mid-2018, complementing and updating previous reviews published in the early 2010s dedicated to various aspects of pyridine chemistry. Since functionalization of the pyridine nitrogen, rendering a (transient) pyridinium ion, is usually required to render the pyridine nucleus sufficiently electrophilic to suffer the attack of a nucleophile, the material is organized according to the type of N-functionalization. A variety of nucleophilic species (organometallic reagents, enolates, heteroaromatics, umpoled aldehydes) can be productively engaged in pyridine dearomatization reactions, including catalytic asymmetric implementations, providing useful and efficient synthetic platforms to (enantioenriched) DHPs. Conversely, pyridine nitrogen functionalization can also lead to pyridinium ylides. These dipolar species can undergo a variety of dipolar cycloaddition reactions with electron-poor dipolarophiles, affording polycyclic frameworks and embedding a DHP moiety in their structures.
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49
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Berti F, Menichetti A, Favero L, Marchetti F, Pineschi M. Regio- and Stereodivergent Allylic Reductions of Bicyclic Piperidine Enecarbamate Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12221-12228. [PMID: 30212634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The particular nature of tetrahydropyrido[4,3- e]-1,4,2-dioxazines of type 1 allows the regio- and stereoselective obtainment of substituted N-carbamoyl tetrahydropyridines by common reducing agents. A completely novel, biologically active, bicyclic 1,3-diaza-4-oxa-[3.3.1]-nonene scaffold can be generated by the use of lithium triethylborohydride through unprecedented cascade syn-SN2' reduction/carbamate reduction/cyclization reactions. The remarkable regioselectivity switches in the allylic reduction process have been rationalized with the aid of computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Berti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia , Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Andrea Menichetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia , Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Lucilla Favero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia , Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 3 , 56124 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Mauro Pineschi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sede di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia , Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
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50
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Choudhary S, Pawar AP, Yadav J, Sharma DK, Kant R, Kumar I. One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral Tetracyclic Dibenzo[ b, f][1,4]oxazepine-Fused 1,2-Dihydropyridines (DHPs) under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9231-9239. [PMID: 29906390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of new dibenzo[ b, f][1,4]-oxazepine-fused 1,2-dihydropyridines (DHPs) has been described under metal-free conditions. This reaction proceeds through proline-catalyzed direct Mannich/cyclization between seven-membered dibenzo[ b, f][1,4]-oxazepine-imines and aqueous glutaraldehyde, followed by IBX-mediated site-selective dehydrogenative oxidation in one-pot operation with high yields (up to 92%) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology & Science , Pilani 333 031 , India
| | - Amol Prakash Pawar
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology & Science , Pilani 333 031 , India
| | - Jyothi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology & Science , Pilani 333 031 , India
| | - Devinder Kumar Sharma
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics , University of Jammu , Jammu and Kashmir 180 006 , India
| | - Rajni Kant
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics , University of Jammu , Jammu and Kashmir 180 006 , India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Birla Institute of Technology & Science , Pilani 333 031 , India
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