1
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Yoshimura A, Zhdankin VV. Recent Progress in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Chem Rev 2024; 124:11108-11186. [PMID: 39269928 PMCID: PMC11468727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine(III) compounds have found wide application in modern organic chemistry as environmentally friendly reagents and catalysts. Hypervalent iodine reagents are commonly used in synthetically important halogenations, oxidations, aminations, heterocyclizations, and various oxidative functionalizations of organic substrates. Iodonium salts are important arylating reagents, while iodonium ylides and imides are excellent carbene and nitrene precursors. Various derivatives of benziodoxoles, such as azidobenziodoxoles, trifluoromethylbenziodoxoles, alkynylbenziodoxoles, and alkenylbenziodoxoles have found wide application as group transfer reagents in the presence of transition metal catalysts, under metal-free conditions, or using photocatalysts under photoirradiation conditions. Development of hypervalent iodine catalytic systems and discovery of highly enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important recent achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. Chemical transformations promoted by hypervalent iodine in many cases are unique and cannot be performed by using any other common, non-iodine-based reagent. This review covers literature published mainly in the last 7-8 years, between 2016 and 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kobata, Aomori 030-0943, Japan
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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2
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Mondal S, Mandal S, Mondal S, Midya SP, Ghosh P. Photocatalytic decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids and their functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9645-9658. [PMID: 39120531 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Visible light mediated decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids and their derivatives has recently emerged as a novel and powerful toolkit for small molecule activation in diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-hetero bond forming reactions. Naturally abundant highly functionalized bench-stable carboxylic acid analogs have been employed as promising alternatives to non-trivial organometallic reagents for mild and eco-benign synthetic transformation with traceless CO2 by-products. In this highlight article, we focus on the development of various photodecarboxylative functionalization strategies along with intra/inter-molecular cyclization via concerted single electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (ET) pathways. Moreover, widely explored carboxylic acids are systematically classified here into four categories; i.e., α-keto, aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated, and aromatic analogs for a concise overview to the readership. The association of decarboxylative radical species with coupling partners to construct C-C and C-N/O/S/P/X bonds for each analogous acid has been presented in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subal Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Subham Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Soumya Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Siba P Midya
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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3
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Quirós I, Martín M, Pérez-Sánchez C, Rigotti T, Tortosa M. Trityl isocyanide as a general reagent for visible light mediated photoredox-catalyzed cyanations. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04199b. [PMID: 39149220 PMCID: PMC11320021 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A photoredox catalytic strategy has been developed to enable the functionalization of a variety of commercially available, structurally different radical precursors by the use of a bench-stable isonitrile as an efficient cyanating reagent. Specifically, a radical-based reaction has provided a mild and convenient procedure for the cyanation of primary, secondary and tertiary radicals derived from widely accessible sp3-hybridized carboxylic acids, alcohols and halides under visible light irradiation. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and it represents a complementary method for the cyanation of structurally different scaffolds that show diverse native functionalities, expanding the scope of previously reported methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Quirós
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - María Martín
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Carla Pérez-Sánchez
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
- Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
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4
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Wang Y, Yao Y, Fu N. Electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed synthesis of alkylnitriles from simple aliphatic carboxylic acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1497-1503. [PMID: 38978749 PMCID: PMC11228820 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a practical and sustainable electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed protocol for decarboxylative cyanation of simple aliphatic carboxylic acids. This environmentally friendly method features easy availability of substrates, broad functional group compatibility, and directly converts a diverse range of aliphatic carboxylic acids including primary and tertiary alkyl acids into synthetically versatile alkylnitriles without using chemical oxidants or costly cyanating reagents under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Cavalli D, Waser J. Organic Dye Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Lactones and Lactams via a Cyclization-Alkynylation Cascade. Org Lett 2024; 26:4235-4239. [PMID: 38739856 PMCID: PMC11129301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An organic dye photocatalyzed lactonization-alkynylation of easily accessible homoallylic cesium oxalates using ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents has been developed. The reaction gave access to valuable functionalized lactones and lactams in up to 88% yield via the formation of two new C-C bonds. The transformation was carried out on primary, secondary, and tertiary homoallylic alcohols and primary homoallylic amines and could be applied to the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds as well as fused and bridged bicyclic lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic
Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic
Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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6
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Wang H, He YY, Han J, Zhou ZQ, Hu XQ. Metal-Free Cyanation of gem-Difluoroalkenes via Azide-Mediated C-C Double Bond Fragmentation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38787532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Activation and cleavage of C-C double bonds are long-standing challenges in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report an unprecedented azide-mediated C-C double bond fragmentation of gem-difluoroalkenes under mild and metal-free conditions, enabling the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse aromatic nitriles in moderate to good yields. This protocol is also amenable to the cyanation of gem-dichloro and dibromo alkenes. This reaction features simple operation and good functional group compatibility and can be implemented at a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Jiangsu Tetra New Material Technology Co., Ltd, Taixing 225400, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Robb I, Murphy JA. Direct, Selective α-Aryloxyalkyl Radical Cyanation and Allylation of Aryl Alkyl Ethers. Org Lett 2024; 26:2218-2222. [PMID: 38452273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We report the site-selective α-aryloxyalkyl C-H cyanation and allylation of aryl alkyl ethers using an acridinium photocatalyst with phosphate base under LED irradiation (456 nm). Oxidation of the aryl alkyl ether to its corresponding radical cation by the excited stated photocatalyst allowed facile deprotonation of the ArOC(sp3)-H bond to afford an α-aryloxyalkyl radical, which was trapped with sulfone substrates, resulting in expulsion of a sulfonyl radical and formation of allylated or cyanated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Robb
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland
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8
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De Jesus IS, Vélez JAC, Pissinati EF, Correia JTM, Rivera DG, Paixao MW. Recent Advances in Photoinduced Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300322. [PMID: 38279622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of biopolymers like peptides and proteins is a key technology to access vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, the tunable derivatization of individual amino acids is important as they are key building blocks of biomolecules, bioactive natural products, synthetic polymers, and innovative materials. The high diversity of functional groups present in amino acid-based molecules represents a significant challenge for their selective derivatization Recently, visible light-mediated transformations have emerged as a powerful strategy for achieving chemoselective biomolecule modification. This technique offers numerous advantages over other methods, including a higher selectivity, mild reaction conditions and high functional-group tolerance. This review provides an overview of the most recent methods covering the photoinduced modification for single amino acids and site-selective functionalization in peptides and proteins under mild and even biocompatible conditions. Future challenges and perspectives are discussed beyond the diverse types of photocatalytic transformations that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva S De Jesus
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jeimy A C Vélez
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Márcio W Paixao
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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9
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Okumatsu D, Kiyokawa K, Bao Nguyen LT, Abe M, Minakata S. Photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones for alkylamination of styrene derivatives with carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1068-1076. [PMID: 38239691 PMCID: PMC10793594 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06090j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The alkylamination of alkenes using pristine carboxylic acids was achieved by the photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones (DABXs), which serve as both an oxidant and an aminating reagent (an iminyl radical precursor). The developed method is a simple photochemical reaction without the need for external photosensitizers and shows a broad substrate scope for aliphatic carboxylic acids leading to the formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals, thus enabling the facile synthesis of various structurally complex amines. Mechanistic investigations including transient absorption spectroscopy measurements using a laser flash photolysis (LFP) method disclosed the unique photochemical reactivity of DABXs, which undergoes homolysis of their I-N bonds to give an iminyl radical and ortho-iodobenzoyloxy radical, the latter of which participates in the single-electron oxidation of carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Okumatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Linh Tran Bao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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10
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Gupta A, Laha JK. Growing Utilization of Radical Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300207. [PMID: 37565381 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our current unhealthy lifestyle and the exponential surge in the population getting affected by a variety of diseases have made pharmaceuticals or drugs an imperative part of life, making the development of innovative strategies for drug discovery or the introduction of refined, cost-effective and modern technologies for the synthesis of clinically used drugs, a need of the hour. Ever since their discovery, free radicals and radical cations or anions as reactive intermediates have captivated the chemists, resulting in an exceptional utilization of these moieties throughout the field of chemical synthesis, owing to their unprecedented and widespread reactivity. Sticking with the idea of not judging the book by its cover, despite the conventional thought process of radicals being unstable and difficult to control entities, scientists and academicians around the globe have done an appreciable amount of work utilizing both persistent as well as transient radicals for a variety of organic transformations, exemplifying them with the synthesis of significant biologically active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review truly accounts for the organic radical transformations including radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling with metal-complexes and radical cations coupling with nucleophiles, that offers fascinating and unconventional approaches towards the construction of intricate structural frameworks of marketed APIs with high atom- and step-economy; complementing the otherwise employed traditional methods. This tutorial review presents a comprehensive package of diverse methods utilized for radical generation, featuring their reactivity to form critical bonds in pharmaceutical total synthesis or in building key starting materials or intermediates of their synthetic journey, acknowledging their excellence, downsides and underlying mechanisms, which are otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Despite great achievements over the past few decades in this area, many challenges and obstacles are yet to be unraveled to shorten the distance between the academics and the industry, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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11
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Abstract
ConspectusHypervalent iodine reagents find application as selective chemical oxidants in a diverse array of oxidative transformations. The utility of these reagents is often ascribed to (1) the proclivity to engage being selective two-electron redox transformations; (2) facile ligand exchange at the three-centered, four-electron (3c-4e) hypervalent iodine-ligand (I-X) bonds; and (3) the hypernucleofugacity of aryl iodides. One-electron redox and iodine radical chemistry is well-precedented in the context of inorganic hypervalent iodine chemistry─for example, in the iodide-triiodide couple that drives dye-sensitized solar cells. In contrast, organic hypervalent iodine chemistry has historically been dominated by the two-electron I(I)/I(III) and I(III)/I(V) redox couples, which results from intrinsic instability of the intervening odd-electron species. Transient iodanyl radicals (i.e., formally I(II) species), generated by reductive activation of hypervalent I-X bonds, have recently gained attention as potential intermediates in hypervalent iodine chemistry. Importantly, these open-shell intermediates are typically generated by activation of stoichiometric hypervalent iodine reagents, and the role of the iodanyl radical in substrate functionalization and catalysis is largely unknown.Our group has been interested in advancing the chemistry of iodanyl radicals as intermediates in the sustainable synthesis of hypervalent I(III) and I(V) compounds and as novel platforms for substrate activation at open-shell main-group intermediates. In 2018, we disclosed the first example of aerobic hypervalent iodine catalysis by intercepting reactive intermediates in aldehyde autoxidation chemistry. While we initially hypothesized that the observed oxidation was accomplished by aerobically generated peracids via a two-electron I(I)-to-I(III) oxidation reaction, detailed mechanistic studies revealed the critical role of acetate-stabilized iodanyl radical intermediates. We subsequently leveraged these mechanistic insights to develop hypervalent iodine electrocatalysis. Our studies resulted in the identification of new catalyst design principles that give rise to highly efficient organoiodide electrocatalysts that operate at modest applied potentials. These advances addressed classical challenges in hypervalent iodine electrocatalysis related to the need for high applied potentials and high catalyst loadings. In some cases, we were able to isolate the anodically generated iodanyl radical intermediates, which allowed direct interrogation of the elementary chemical reactions characteristic of iodanyl radicals. Both substrate activation via bidirectional proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions at I(II) intermediates and disproportionation reactions of I(II) species to generate I(III) compounds have been experimentally validated.This Account discusses the emerging synthetic and catalytic chemistry of iodanyl radicals. Results from our group have demonstrated that these open-shell species can play a critical role in sustainable synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents and play a heretofore unappreciated role in catalysis. Realization of I(I)/I(II) catalytic cycles as a mechanistic alternative to canonical two-electron iodine redox chemistry promises to open new avenues to application of organoiodides in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Maity
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Brandon L. Frey
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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12
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Li Z, Zhang G, Song Y, Li M, Li Z, Ding W, Wu J. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanation of Benzylic Acids Promoted by Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Org Lett 2023; 25:3023-3028. [PMID: 37129410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric radical cyanation reactions have emerged as a powerful strategy for rapid construction of α-chiral nitriles. However, the directly decarboxylative cyanation reactions of common alkyl carboxylic acids remain largely elusive. Herein, we report a protocol for copper-catalyzed direct and enantioselective decarboxylative cyanation of benzylic acids. The in situ activation of acid substrates by a commercially inexpensive hypervalent iodine(III) reagent promoted the yield of the alkyl radicals under mild reaction conditions without prefunctionalization. The structurally diverse chiral alkyl nitriles were produced in good yields with high enantioselectivities. In addition, the chiral products can be readily converted to other useful chiral compounds via further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Guang'an Zhang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yue Song
- High & New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxian Li
- High & New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Wu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang G, Zhang C, Tian Y, Chen F. Fe-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Nitriles from Carboxylic Acids with Electron-Deficient N-Cyano- N-aryl-arylsulfonamide. Org Lett 2023; 25:917-922. [PMID: 36730786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Established carboxylic acids to nitriles conversion methods suffer from expensive catalysts, tedious steps, high temperatures (>200 °C), high pressure, or a narrow substrate range. Herein, we demonstrate a concise and efficient access to diverse nitrile compounds from ubiquitous carboxylic acids with electron-deficient N-cyano-N-aryl-arylsulfonamide (NCAS) in moderate to excellent yields. This strategy is promoted by an inexpensive iron catalyst and is generally compatible with primary, secondary, tertiary, and aryl carboxylic acids, as well as a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002 Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002 Yangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002 Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002 Yangzhou, China
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14
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Okumatsu D, Kawanaka K, Kainuma S, Kiyokawa K, Minakata S. α-Amination of Carbonyl Compounds by Using Hypervalent Iodine-Based Aminating Reagents Containing a Transferable (Diarylmethylene)amino Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203722. [PMID: 36604401 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine-based aminating reagents containing a transferable (diarylmethylene)amino group can be used for the α-amination of simple carbonyl compounds such as esters, amides, and ketones in the presence of a lithium base. The (diarylmethylene)amino groups of the products can be readily modified, thus providing access to primary amines and diarylmethylamines. The developed method features transition-metal-free conditions and a simple one-pot procedure without the need to prepare enolate equivalents separately, thus offering a general and practical approach to the synthesis of a wide variety of α-amino carbonyl compounds. Experimental mechanistic investigations indicate that this amination proceeds through a unique radical coupling of an α-carbonyl radical with an iminyl radical; they are generated through a single-electron transfer between a lithium enolate and the hypervalent iodine reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Okumatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunpei Kainuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Yang K, Wang Y, Luo S, Fu N. Electrophotochemical Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203962. [PMID: 36638008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the rapid growth of electrophotocatalysis in recent years, enantioselective catalytic reactions powered by this unique methodology remain rare. In this work, we report an electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed protocol for direct asymmetric decarboxylative cyanation of aliphatic carboxylic acids. The synergistic merging of electrophotochemical cerium catalysis and asymmetric electrochemical copper catalysis permits mild reaction conditions for the formation and utilization of the key carbon centered radicals by combining the power of light and electrical energy. Electrophotochemical cerium catalysis enables radical decarboxylation to produce alkyl radicals, which could be effectively intercepted by asymmetric electrochemical copper catalysis for the construction of C-CN bonds in a highly stereoselective fashion. This environmentally benign method smoothly converts a diverse array of arylacetic acids into the corresponding alkyl nitriles in good yields and enantioselectivities without using chemical oxidants or pre-functionalization of the acid substrates and can be readily scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
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16
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Yan X, Yu B, Zhang H, Huang H. Copper-Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement with AIBN and Allylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16918-16927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Yan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Bangkui Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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17
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Cui Y, Zhao Y, Shen J, Zhang G, Ding C. The stable "F-SO 2 +" donor provides a mild and efficient approach to nitriles and amides. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33064-33068. [PMID: 36425170 PMCID: PMC9672908 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this update, we developed a mild, efficient and practical method using fluorosulfuryl imidazolium salt A as an environment friendly promoter for conversion of oximes to nitriles or amides via β-elimination or Beckmann rearrangement in almost quantitative yield in 10 minutes. The target products were generated in gram-scale and could be collected through crystallization without silica gel column purification in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Ecological Environment Low Carbon Development Center Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Zhejiang Kefeng New Material Co. LTD Huzhou 313200 P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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18
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Nguyen TVT, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Substrate-controlled C-H or C-C alkynylation of cyclopropanes: generation of aryl radical cations by direct light activation of hypervalent iodine reagents. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12831-12839. [PMID: 36519037 PMCID: PMC9645386 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first oxidative C-H alkynylation of arylcyclopropanes. Irradiation of ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents with visible light at 440 nm promoted the reaction. By the choice of the aryl group on the cyclopropane, it was possible to completely switch the outcome of the reaction from the alkynylation of the C-H bond to the oxyalkynylation of the C-C bond, which proceeded without the need for a catalyst, in contrast to previous works. The oxyalkynylation could also be extended to aminocyclopropanes as well as styrenes. Computations indicated that the C-H activation became a favoured nearly barrierless process in the presence of two ortho methyl groups on the benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin V T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Ch-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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Qin L, Zhang X, Sun H, Duan X, Liu J, Wu M, Yuan X, Qiu J, Guo K. Visible-light-induced decarboxylative alkynylation of carboxylic acids in batch and continuous flow. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Kumar GS, Shinde PS, Chen H, Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Rueping M. Paired Electrolysis for Decarboxylative Cyanation: 4-CN-Pyridine, a Versatile Nitrile Source. Org Lett 2022; 24:6357-6363. [PMID: 36036921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A decarboxylative cyanation of amino acids under paired electrochemical reaction conditions has been developed. 4-CN-pyridine was found to be a new and effective cyanation reagent under catalyst-free conditions. Mechanistic studies support a nucleophilic reaction pathway, and the cyanation protocol can be applied to diverse substrates including N,N-dialkyl aniline and indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadde Sathish Kumar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant S Shinde
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Xu F, Zhang F, Wang W, Yao M, Lin X, Yang F, Qian Y, Chen Z. Iron(III)-catalyzed α-cyanation and carbonylation with 2-pyridylacetonitrile: divergent synthesis of α-amino nitriles and tetrahydroisoquinolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7031-7035. [PMID: 36018561 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed oxidative synthesis of N-aryl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) toward tetrahydroisoquinoline-based derivatives is reported. A wide range of α-amino nitriles and tetrahydroisoquinolinones are synthesized in moderate to good yields. This approach involves a new organic nitrile source, a cheap iron catalyst under an oxygen atmosphere, and temperature-controlled divergent synthesis and features complete selectivity and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Fanglian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Mingxu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Yiping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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22
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Xu T, Li W, Zhang K, Han Y, Liu L, Huang T, Li C, Tang Z, Chen T. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cyanation of Carboxylic Acids with TMSCN. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11871-11879. [PMID: 35951542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The direct decarbonylative cyanation of benzoic acids with TMSCN was achieved through palladium catalysis. By this strategy, a wide range of nitriles including those with functional groups was synthesized in good to high yields. Moreover, this reaction applied to modifying bioactive molecules such as adapalene, probenecid, telmisartan, and 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid. These results demonstrate that this new reaction has potential synthetic value in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuhui Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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23
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Liu Z, Pan Y, Zou P, Huang H, Chen Y, Chen Y. Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Enable C-H Alkynylation with Iminophenylacetic Acids via Alkoxyl Radicals. Org Lett 2022; 24:5951-5956. [PMID: 35930330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report δ-C-H alkynylation to synthesize various δ-alkynols from iminophenylacetic acids. The hypervalent iodine-coordinated benziodoxole-alkoxyl-iminophenylacetic acid complex was the key intermediate and was characterized by X-ray crystallography for the first time. δ-C-H alkynylation is compatible with sensitive functional groups, including azides, aldehydes, and free alcohols, for the synthesis of δ-alkynols with diversified substituents in excellent regioselectivity. This reaction extends to δ-hydroxylalkene and δ-hydroxylnitrile synthesis, and the δ-alkynol products are easily derivatized to other valuable bifunctional building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanchu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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24
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Morimoto K, Yanase K, Toda K, Takeuchi H, Dohi T, Kita Y. Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine-Induced Oxidative Phenol and Aniline Couplings with Phenothiazines. Org Lett 2022; 24:6088-6092. [PMID: 35921162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-H/N-H bond functionalization for direct intermolecular aryl C-N couplings is a useful synthetic process. In this study, we achieved metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling of phenols and anilines with phenothiazines using hypervalent iodine reagents. This method affords selective amination products under mild conditions. Electron-rich phenols and anilines could be employed, affording moderate-to-high yields of N-arylphenothiazines. Aniline amination proceeded efficiently at 20 °C, a previously unreported phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Morimoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.,Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kana Yanase
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kentaro Toda
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takeuchi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.,Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kita
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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25
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Souilah C, Jannuzzi SAV, Demirbas D, Ivlev S, Swart M, DeBeer S, Casitas A. Synthesis of Fe III and Fe IV Cyanide Complexes Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents as Cyano-Transfer One-Electron Oxidants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201699. [PMID: 35285116 PMCID: PMC9313551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a new reactivity mode for electrophilic cyano λ3 -iodanes as group transfer one-electron oxidants to synthesize FeIII and FeIV cyanide complexes. The inherent thermal instability of high-valent FeIV compounds without π-donor ligands (such as oxido (O2- ), imido (RN2- ) or nitrido (N3- )) makes their isolation and structural characterization a very challenging task. We report the synthesis of an FeIV cyanide complex [(N3 N')FeCN] (4) by two consecutive single electron transfer (SET) processes from FeII precursor [(N3 N')FeLi(THF)] (1) with cyanobenziodoxolone (CBX). The FeIV complex can also be prepared by reaction of [(N3 N')FeIII ] (3) with CBX. In contrast, the oxidation of FeII with 1-cyano-3,3-dimethyl-3-(1H)-1,2-benziodoxole (CDBX) enables the preparation of FeIII cyanide complex [(N3 N')FeIII (CN)(Li)(THF)3 ] (2-LiTHF ). Complexes 4 and 2-LiTHF have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and their electronic structure has been examined by Mössbauer, EPR spectroscopy, and computational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charafa Souilah
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Sergio A. V. Jannuzzi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC)Stiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Derya Demirbas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC)Stiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Sergei Ivlev
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Marcel Swart
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Facultat de CiènciesUniversitat de Gironac/ M.A. Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC)Stiftstraße 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Alicia Casitas
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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26
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Kong X, Chen X, Chen Y, Cao ZY. Scalable Electrocatalytic Intermolecular Acylcyanation and Aminocyanation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7013-7021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Kong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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27
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Rani N, Soni R, Sihag M, Kinger M, Aneja DK. Combined Approach of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Transition Metals in Organic Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Deepak K. Aneja
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
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28
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Souilah C, Jannuzzi SAV, Demirbas D, Ivlev S, Swart M, DeBeer S, Casitas A. Synthesis of Fe
III
and Fe
IV
Cyanide Complexes Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents as Cyano‐Transfer One‐Electron Oxidants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charafa Souilah
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Sergio A. V. Jannuzzi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC) Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Derya Demirbas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC) Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Sergei Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Marcel Swart
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Facultat de Ciències Universitat de Girona c/ M.A. Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC) Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Alicia Casitas
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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29
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Allouche EMD, Grinhagena E, Waser J. Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Late-Stage Peptide and Protein Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112287. [PMID: 34674359 PMCID: PMC9299824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine compounds are powerful reagents for the development of novel transformations. As they exhibit low toxicity, high functional group tolerance, and stability in biocompatible media, they have been used for the functionalization of biomolecules. Herein, we report recent advances up to June 2021 in peptide and protein modification using hypervalent iodine reagents. Their use as group transfer or oxidizing reagents is discussed in this Minireview, including methods targeting polar, aromatic, or aliphatic amino acids and peptide termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M. D. Allouche
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC, LCSO, BCH 14021015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Elija Grinhagena
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC, LCSO, BCH 14021015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC, LCSO, BCH 14021015LausanneSwitzerland
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30
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Allouche EMD, Grinhagena E, Waser J. Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Late‐Stage Peptide and Protein Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M. D. Allouche
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC, LCSO, BCH 1402 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Elija Grinhagena
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC, LCSO, BCH 1402 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC, LCSO, BCH 1402 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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31
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Kwon K, Simons RT, Nandakumar M, Roizen JL. Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2353-2428. [PMID: 34623809 PMCID: PMC8792374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. This review summarizes the recent paradigm shift in access to and application of N-centered radicals enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. This shift broadens and streamlines approaches to many small molecules because visible-light photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention is paid to innovative advances in N-X bonds as radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, and H. For clarity, key mechanistic data is noted, where available. Synthetic applications and limitations are summarized to illuminate the tremendous utility of photocatalytically generated nitrogen-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kwon
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - R Thomas Simons
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
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32
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. S. Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
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33
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Horvat M, Weilch V, Rädisch R, Hecko S, Schiefer A, Rudroff F, Wilding B, Klempier N, Pátek M, Martínková L, Winkler M. Chemoenzymatic one-pot reaction from carboxylic acid to nitrile via oxime. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:62-66. [PMID: 35126993 PMCID: PMC8725990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation. The final step to the nitrile is catalyzed by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd). Full conversions of phenylacetic acid and hexanoic acid were achieved in a two-phase mode. We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation and enzymatic dehydration by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Victoria Weilch
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Rädisch
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic .,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Viničná 5 CZ-12844 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Wilding
- Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Norbert Klempier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria .,Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria
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34
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Zhang L, Wei C, Wu J, Liu D, Yao Y, Chen Z, Liu J, Yao CJ, Li D, Yang R, Xia Z. Photoinduced inverse Sonogashira coupling reaction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7475-7481. [PMID: 35872819 PMCID: PMC9241966 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01933g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A transition-metal and photocatalyst-free, photoinduced inverse Sonogashira coupling reaction was developed. Under visible-light irradiation, the excited state iodoalkyne acted as an “alkynyl radical synthetic equivalent”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cunbo Wei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinchao Yao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dinghua Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Xia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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35
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Hu J, Zhu Z, Xie Z, Le Z. Recent Advances in Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions of α-Amino Acid Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Zhupeng G, Kai X, Xuetao X, Yating Z, Daoyong Z. α-Benzoyloxylation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Involving Cyclic Trivalent Iodine Reagents. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Amos SGE, Cavalli D, Le Vaillant F, Waser J. Direct Photoexcitation of Ethynylbenziodoxolones: An Alternative to Photocatalysis for Alkynylation Reactions**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. E. Amos
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Diana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Franck Le Vaillant
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470 Germany
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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38
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Chen Z, Yuan W. N-Cyanation of Primary and Secondary Amines with Cyanobenzio-doxolone (CBX) Reagent. Chemistry 2021; 27:14836-14840. [PMID: 34390036 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electrophilic N-cyanation of amines with a stable and less-toxic cyanobenziodoxole reagent towards the synthesis of cyanamides is disclosed. This synthetically practicable strategy allows the construction of a wide variety of cyanamides under very mild and simple conditions with a broad functional group compatibility, and showcases a huge potential in late-stage modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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39
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Amos SGE, Cavalli D, Le Vaillant F, Waser J. Direct Photoexcitation of Ethynylbenziodoxolones: An Alternative to Photocatalysis for Alkynylation Reactions*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23827-23834. [PMID: 34403571 PMCID: PMC8596672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) are commonly used as radical traps in photocatalytic alkynylations. Herein, we report that aryl-substituted EBX reagents can be directly activated by visible light irradiation. They act as both oxidants and radical traps, alleviating the need for a photocatalyst in several reported EBX-mediated processes, including decarboxylative and deboronative alkynylations, the oxyalkynylation of enamides and the C-H alkynylation of THF. Furthermore, the method could be applied to the synthesis of alkynylated quaternary centers from tertiary alcohols via stable oxalate salts and from tertiary amines via aryl imines. A photocatalytic process using 4CzIPN as an organic dye was also developed for the deoxyalkynylation of oxalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. E. Amos
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) CatalysisInstitut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiqueEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Diana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) CatalysisInstitut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiqueEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) CatalysisInstitut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiqueEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneCH-1015LausanneSwitzerland
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40
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Sarvi I, Zahedi E. Zinc Oxide/Graphene Oxide as a Robust Active Catalyst for Direct Oxidative Synthesis of Nitriles from Alcohols in Water. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Liu Z, Wu S, Chen Y. Selective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cleavage/Alkynylation of Cycloalkylamides Enables Aminoalkyne Synthesis with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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42
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Le Du E, Duhail T, Wodrich MD, Scopelliti R, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Anselmi E, Magnier E, Waser J. Structure and Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Alkynyl Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Chemistry 2021; 27:10979-10986. [PMID: 33978974 PMCID: PMC8361724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ethynylbenziodoxol(on)e (EBX) cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents have become popular reagents for the alkynylation of radicals and nucleophiles, but only offer limited possibilities for further structure and reactivity fine-tuning. Herein, the synthesis of new N-heterocyclic hypervalent iodine reagents with increased structural flexibility based on amide, amidine and sulfoximine scaffolds is reported. Solid-state structures of the reagents are reported and the analysis of the I-Calkyne bond lengths allowed assessing the trans-effect of the different substituents. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of the reagents, derived from DFT computations, revealed less pronounced σ-hole regions for sulfonamide-based compounds. Most reagents reacted well in the alkynylation of β-ketoesters. The alkynylation of thiols afforded more variable yields, with compounds with a stronger σ-hole reacting better. In metal-mediated transformations, the N-heterocyclic hypervalent iodine reagents gave inferior results when compared to the O-based EBX reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Le Du
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Thibaut Duhail
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 81807800VersaillesFrance
| | - Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC GE, BCH 2111, 1015 LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC GE, BCH 2111, 1015 LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 81807800VersaillesFrance
- Université de ToursFaculté des Sciences et Techniques37200ToursFrance
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Institut Lavoisier de VersaillesUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, UMR 81807800VersaillesFrance
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic SynthesisEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 43061015LausanneSwitzerland
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43
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Chen Z, Zheng S, Wang Z, Liao Z, Yuan W. Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex Enabled Photocyanation of Tertiary Amines with a Stable and User‐Friendly Cyanobenziodoxolone Reagent. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Songlin Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
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44
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Ren X, Shen C, Wang G, Shi Z, Tian X, Dong K. Access to α-Cyano Carbonyls Bearing a Quaternary Carbon Center by Reductive Cyanation. Org Lett 2021; 23:2527-2532. [PMID: 33760622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reductive cyanation of tertiary alkyl bromides using electrophilic cyanating reagent and zinc reductant was developed, providing various α-cyano ketones, esters, and carboxamides containing a nitrile-bearing all-carbon quaternary center in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The corresponding reaction mechanism involving in situ generated organozinc reagent and reactivity distinction was elucidated by density functional theory computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ren
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhu Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhanglin Shi
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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45
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China H, Kageyama N, Yatabe H, Takenaga N, Dohi T. Practical Synthesis of 2-Iodosobenzoic Acid (IBA) without Contamination by Hazardous 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) under Mild Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:1897. [PMID: 33801611 PMCID: PMC8036297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a convenient and practical method for the preparation of nonexplosive cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) oxidants as efficient organocatalysts and reagents for various reactions using Oxone® in aqueous solution under mild conditions at room temperature. The thus obtained 2-iodosobenzoic acids (IBAs) could be used as precursors of other cyclic organoiodine(III) derivatives by the solvolytic derivatization of the hydroxy group under mild conditions of 80 °C or lower temperature. These sequential procedures are highly reliable to selectively afford cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds in excellent yields without contamination by hazardous pentavalent iodine(III) compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyasu China
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266, Tamuracho Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Nami Kageyama
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hotaka Yatabe
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Naoko Takenaga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (N.K.); (H.Y.)
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46
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Li X, Golz C, Alcarazo M. α-Diazo Sulfonium Triflates: Synthesis, Structure, and Application to the Synthesis of 1-(Dialkylamino)-1,2,3-triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6943-6948. [PMID: 33351262 PMCID: PMC8048477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of a series of sulfonium salts containing transferable diazomethyl groups is described, and the structure of these compounds is elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Under photochemical conditions, reaction of these salts with N,N-dialkyl hydrazones affords 1-(dialkylamino)-1,2,3-triazoles via diazomethyl radical addition to the azomethine carbon followed by intramolecular ring closure. The straightforward transformation of the structures thus obtained into mesoionic carbene-metal complexes is also reported and the donor properties of these new ligands characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
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47
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Wen X, Liu X, Yang Z, Xie M, Liu Y, Long L, Chen Z. "On water" nano-Cu 2O-catalyzed CO-free one-pot multicomponent cascade cyanation-annulation-aminolysis reaction toward phthalimides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1738-1743. [PMID: 33543173 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient nano-Cu2O-catalyzed cascade multicomponent reaction of 2-halobenzoic acids and trimethylsilyl cyanide with diverse amines was developed using water as a solvent, affording versatile N-substituted phthalimide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. This novel strategy features carbon monoxide gas-free, environmentally benign, one-pot multistep transformation, commercially available reagents, a cheap catalyst without any additives, wide functional group tolerance, and operational convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Menglan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Lipeng Long
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Li X, Golz C, Alcarazo M. α‐Diazo Sulfonium Triflates: Synthesis, Structure, and Application to the Synthesis of 1‐(Dialkylamino)‐1,2,3‐triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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49
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Radical coupling of arylthiodifluoroacetic acids and ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents to access arylthiodifluoromethylated alkynes. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Le Du E, Garreau M, Waser J. Small peptide diversification through photoredox-catalyzed oxidative C-terminal modification. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2467-2473. [PMID: 34164012 PMCID: PMC8179259 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative coupling of small peptides is reported, giving access to a variety of N,O-acetals. They were used as intermediates for the addition of phenols and indoles, leading to novel peptide scaffolds and bioconjugates. Amino acids with nucleophilic side chains, such as serine, threonine, tyrosine and tryptophan, could also be used as partners to access tri- and tetrapeptide derivatives with non-natural cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Le Du
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Marion Garreau
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
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