1
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Gudmundsson TA, Kuppadakkath G, Ghosh D, Ruether M, Seddon A, Ginesi RE, Doutch J, Adams DJ, Gunnlaugsson T, Damodaran KK. Nanoscale assembly of enantiomeric supramolecular gels driven by the nature of solvents. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38591601 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the key parameters that control the self-assembly process is critical to predict self-assembly modes in multi-component systems, which will lead to the development of nanofibrous materials with tuneable properties. Enantiomeric amino acid-based low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) were mixed in polar (polar protic) and aromatic apolar (aromatic) solvents and compared to their individual counterparts to probe the effect of solvent polarity on the self-assembly process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that xerogels of individual components display hollow needles in polar protic solvents, while chiral coils are observed in aromatic solvents. In contrast, the multi-component gel displays hollow needle morphologies in both solvents, indicating similar morphologies in polar protic solvents but an entirely different nanostructure for the individual gel networks in aromatic solvents. PXRD experiments performed on the dried gels showed that the nature of the solvents plays a vital role in the co-assembly process of multi-component gels. The self-assembly modes and the gel state structure of the gels are analysed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) and small-angle neutron diffraction (SANS), which reveals that the mixed gel undergoes different co-assembly modes depending on the nature of the solvent systems. This study shows that different co-assembly modes can be achieved for structurally similar components by varying the solvent polarity, demonstrating the importance of solvent choice in the self-assembly process of multi-component gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tómas A Gudmundsson
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Geethanjali Kuppadakkath
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Dipankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Manuel Ruether
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Annela Seddon
- School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Rebecca E Ginesi
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Krishna K Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
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2
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Tang M, Zhong Z, Ke C. Advanced supramolecular design for direct ink writing of soft materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1614-1649. [PMID: 36779285 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The exciting advancements in 3D-printing of soft materials are changing the landscape of materials development and fabrication. Among various 3D-printers that are designed for soft materials fabrication, the direct ink writing (DIW) system is particularly attractive for chemists and materials scientists due to the mild fabrication conditions, compatibility with a wide range of organic and inorganic materials, and the ease of multi-materials 3D-printing. Inks for DIW need to possess suitable viscoelastic properties to allow for smooth extrusion and be self-supportive after printing, but molecularly facilitating 3D printability to functional materials remains nontrivial. While supramolecular binding motifs have been increasingly used for 3D-printing, these inks are largely optimized empirically for DIW. Hence, this review aims to establish a clear connection between the molecular understanding of the supramolecularly bound motifs and their viscoelastic properties at bulk. Herein, extrudable (but not self-supportive) and 3D-printable (self-supportive) polymeric materials that utilize noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, host-guest inclusion, metal-ligand coordination, micro-crystallization, and van der Waals interaction, have been discussed in detail. In particular, the rheological distinctions between extrudable and 3D-printable inks have been discussed from a supramolecular design perspective. Examples shown in this review also highlight the exciting macroscale functions amplified from the molecular design. Challenges associated with the hierarchical control and characterization of supramolecularly designed DIW inks are also outlined. The perspective of utilizing supramolecular binding motifs in soft materials DIW printing has been discussed. This review serves to connect researchers across disciplines to develop innovative solutions that connect top-down 3D-printing and bottom-up supramolecular design to accelerate the development of 3D-print soft materials for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
| | - Zhuoran Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
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3
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Markiewicz G, Szmulewicz A, Majchrzycki Ł, Smulders MMJ, Stefankiewicz AR. Chiral Supramolecular Polymers Assembled from Conformationally Flexible Amino-Acid-Substituted Biphenyldiimides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200767. [PMID: 36394181 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded polymers are a class of highly dynamic supramolecular aggregates, whose self-assembly may be tuned by very mild external or internal stimuli. However, the rational design of chiral supramolecules remains challenging especially when flexible components are involved. The combination of the inherent weakness and dynamic nature of the intermolecular bonds that hold together such assemblies with unrestricted molecular motions introduces additional factors which may affect the self-assembly process. In this report, the self-assembly of four amino acid-derived chiral biphenyldiimides into open-chain 1D supramolecular polymers is presented. While the primary driving force, COOH···HOOC hydrogen bonding, is responsible for the polymer growth in all cases, the amino acid side chains play an important role in either stabilizing or destabilizing the assemblies obtained, as deduced from studies of the thermodynamics of the self-assembly process. Furthermore, substantial differences in the structural factors governing the polymerization process between dynamic liquid and static solid are found. This work demonstrates the potential of the rather unexplored class of diimide-based organic dyes in the formation of well-organized chiral supramolecular assemblies with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61-614, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Adrianna Szmulewicz
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61-614, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majchrzycki
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61-614, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
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4
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Dimeric capsule vs columnar polymer: Structural factors determining the aggregation behavior of amino acid functionalized benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides in solution and in the solid-state. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Helmers I, Hossain MS, Bäumer N, Wesarg P, Soberats B, Shimizu LS, Fernández G. Anti-cooperative Self-Assembly with Maintained Emission Regulated by Conformational and Steric Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200390. [PMID: 35112463 PMCID: PMC9311066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a strategy to enable a maintained emissive behavior in the self‐assembled state by enforcing an anti‐cooperative self‐assembly involving weak intermolecular dye interactions. To achieve this goal, we designed a conformationally flexible monomer unit 1 with a central 1,3‐substituted (diphenyl)urea hydrogen bonding synthon that is tethered to two BODIPY dyes featuring sterically bulky trialkoxybenzene substituents at the meso‐position. The competition between attractive forces (H‐bonding and aromatic interactions) and destabilizing effects (steric and competing conformational effects) limits the assembly, halting the supramolecular growth at the stage of small oligomers. Given the presence of weak dye–dye interactions, the emission properties of molecularly dissolved 1 are negligibly affected upon aggregation. Our findings contribute to broadening the scope of emissive supramolecular assemblies and controlled supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Muhammad Saddam Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Wesarg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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6
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Kanbayashi N, Kataoka Y, Okamura TA, Onitsuka K. Stability Enhancement of a π-Stacked Helical Structure Using Substituents of an Amino Acid Side Chain: Helix Formation via a Nucleation-Elongation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6080-6090. [PMID: 35325538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular design involving the incorporation of an α-amino acid residue into the side chain or main chain of a polymer is often used to stabilize artificial molecular architectures through intramolecular hydrogen bonding. However, this molecular design strategy rarely considers the importance of interactions between substituents at the α-position of amino acid moieties, as found in nature. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel series of π-stacked helical poly(quinolylene-2,3-methylene) with amino acid derivatives bearing different substituents at the α-position. We found that the thermal stability of π-stacked helical poly(quinolylene-2,3-methylene) is significantly improved by packing the substituents in the empty spaces between the side chains. In particular, when a bulky cyclohexyl alanine derivative was used as the side chain, the π-stacked helical structure maintained its stability even in dimethylsulfoxide, a hydrogen bond competitor. The stabilization of the π-stacked structure by the amino acid substituents resulted in a unique polymerization behavior involving nucleation-elongation steps. In the case of derivatives with leucine and cyclohexyl alanine, which form stable π-stacked helical structures, metastable structures with entangled main chains were formed in the initial polymerization stage. These structures subsequently underwent an irreversible structural change to achieve a thermodynamically stable helical π-stacked conformation as a nucleus for subsequent polymerization. Thereafter, the polymerization reaction proceeded with the elongation of the π-stacked helical structure. Differences in the stability of these systems indicated that the amino acid substituents on the side chains determine the most thermodynamically stable π-stacked helical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kanbayashi
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Okamura
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Onitsuka
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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7
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Helmers I, Hossain MS, Bäumer N, Wesarg P, Soberats B, Shimizu LS, Fernandez G. Anti‐cooperative Self‐Assembly with Maintained Emission Regulated by Conformational and Steric Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | | | - Nils Bäumer
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Paul Wesarg
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Universitat de les Illes Balears Facultat de Ciencies Quimica Organica SPAIN
| | - Linda S. Shimizu
- University of South Carolina Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Gustavo Fernandez
- WWU Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Correnstraße, 4ß 48149 Münster GERMANY
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8
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Knoll K, Kostner T, Lorenz C, Thiele C. Investigations into Supramolecular Lyotropic Liquid Crystals based on 1,3,5‐Benzenetricarboxaramides by NMR‐spectroscopy. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Knoll
- Technische Universität Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Tobias Kostner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Christian Lorenz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Christina Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt Chemistry Alarich Weiss Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt GERMANY
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9
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Aoun P, Hammoud A, Martínez-Aguirre MA, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Asymmetric hydroamination with far fewer chiral species than copper centers achieved by tuning the structure of supramolecular helical catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixing a BTA ligand (in black), a “sergeant” (in blue) and an achiral BTA additive (in orange) affords the amination product in 75% e.e. even though only one “sergeant” for ca. 10 copper centers are present in the supramolecular helical catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paméla Aoun
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ahmad Hammoud
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mayte A. Martínez-Aguirre
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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de Windt LNJ, Fernández Z, Fernández-Míguez M, Freire F, Palmans ARA. Elucidating the Supramolecular Copolymerization of N- and C-Centered Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxamides: The Role of Parallel and Antiparallel Packing of Amide Groups in the Copolymer Microstructure. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103691. [PMID: 34766652 PMCID: PMC9300128 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An in‐depth study of the supramolecular copolymerization behavior of N‐ and C‐centered benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides (N‐ and C‐BTAs) has been conducted in methylcyclohexane and in the solid state. The connectivity of the amide groups in the BTAs differs, and mixing N‐ and C‐BTAs results in supramolecular copolymers with a blocky microstructure in solution. The blocky microstructure results from the formation of weaker and less organized, antiparallel hydrogen bonds between N‐ and C‐BTAs. In methylcyclohexane, the helical threefold hydrogen‐bonding network present in C‐ and N‐BTAs is retained in the mixtures. In the solid state, in contrast, the hydrogen bonds of pure BTAs as well as their mixtures organize in a sheet‐like pattern, and in the mixtures long‐range order is lost. Drop‐casting to kinetically trap the solution microstructures shows that C‐BTAs retain the helical hydrogen bonds, but N‐BTAs immediately adopt the sheet‐like pattern, a direct consequence of the lower stabilization energy of the helical hydrogen bonds. In the copolymers, the stability of the helical aggregates depends on the copolymer composition, and helical aggregates are only preserved when a high amount of C‐BTAs is present. The method outlined here is generally applicable to elucidate the copolymerization behavior of supramolecular monomers both in solution as well as in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lafayette N J de Windt
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zulema Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares and, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Míguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares and, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Félix Freire
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares and, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Vonk KM, Meijer EW, Vantomme G. Depolymerization of supramolecular polymers by a covalent reaction; transforming an intercalator into a sequestrator. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13572-13579. [PMID: 34777777 PMCID: PMC8528007 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the reciprocity between chemical reactivity and supramolecular structure is a topic of great interest in the emergence of molecular complexity. In this work, we investigate the effect of a covalent reaction as a trigger to depolymerize a supramolecular assembly. We focus on the impact of an in situ thiol-ene reaction on the (co)polymerization of three derivatives of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) monomers functionalized with cysteine, hexylcysteine, and alkyl side chains: Cys-BTA, HexCys-BTA, and a-BTA. Long supramolecular polymers of Cys-BTA can be depolymerized into short dimeric aggregates of HexCys-BTA via the in situ thiol-ene reaction. Analysis of the system by time-resolved spectroscopy and light scattering unravels the fast dynamicity of the structures and the mechanism of depolymerization. Moreover, by intercalating the reactive Cys-BTA monomer into an unreactive inert polymer, the in situ thiol-ene reaction transforms the intercalator into a sequestrator and induces the depolymerization of the unreactive polymer. This work shows that the implementation of reactivity into supramolecular assemblies enables temporal control of depolymerization processes, which can bring us one step closer to understanding the interplay between non-covalent and covalent chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper M Vonk
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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12
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Peressotti S, Koehl GE, Goding JA, Green RA. Self-Assembling Hydrogel Structures for Neural Tissue Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4136-4163. [PMID: 33780230 PMCID: PMC8441975 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel materials have been employed as biological scaffolds for tissue regeneration across a wide range of applications. Their versatility and biomimetic properties make them an optimal choice for treating the complex and delicate milieu of neural tissue damage. Aside from finely tailored hydrogel properties, which aim to mimic healthy physiological tissue, a minimally invasive delivery method is essential to prevent off-target and surgery-related complications. The specific class of injectable hydrogels termed self-assembling peptides (SAPs), provide an ideal combination of in situ polymerization combined with versatility for biofunctionlization, tunable physicochemical properties, and high cytocompatibility. This review identifies design criteria for neural scaffolds based upon key cellular interactions with the neural extracellular matrix (ECM), with emphasis on aspects that are reproducible in a biomaterial environment. Examples of the most recent SAPs and modification methods are presented, with a focus on biological, mechanical, and topographical cues. Furthermore, SAP electrical properties and methods to provide appropriate electrical and electrochemical cues are widely discussed, in light of the endogenous electrical activity of neural tissue as well as the clinical effectiveness of stimulation treatments. Recent applications of SAP materials in neural repair and electrical stimulation therapies are highlighted, identifying research gaps in the field of hydrogels for neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Peressotti
- Department
of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW72AS, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian E. Koehl
- Department
of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW72AS, United Kingdom
| | - Josef A. Goding
- Department
of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW72AS, United Kingdom
| | - Rylie A. Green
- Department
of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW72AS, United Kingdom
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13
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Raynal M, Li Y, Troufflard C, Przybylski C, Gontard G, Maistriaux T, Idé J, Lazzaroni R, Bouteiller L, Brocorens P. Experimental and computational diagnosis of the fluxional nature of a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based hydrogen-bonded dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5207-5221. [PMID: 33625418 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise characterization of the hydrogen bond network present in discrete self-assemblies of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide monomers derived from amino-esters (ester BTAs) is crucial for the construction of elaborated functional co-assemblies. For all ester BTA dimeric structures previously reported, ester carbonyls in the side chain acted as hydrogen bond acceptors, yielding well-defined dimers stabilized by six hydrogen bonds. The ester BTA monomer derived from glycine (BTA Gly) shows a markedly different self-assembly behaviour. We report herein a combined experimental and computational investigation aimed at determining the nature of the dimeric species formed by BTA Gly. Two distinct dimeric structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Likewise, a range of spectroscopic and scattering techniques as well as molecular modelling were employed to diagnose the nature of dynamic dimeric structures in toluene. Our results unambiguously establish that both ester and amide carbonyls are involved in the hydrogen bond network of the discrete dimeric species formed by BTA Gly. The participation of roughly 4.5 ester carbonyls and 1.5 amide carbonyls per dimer as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy implies that several conformations coexist in solution. Moreover, NMR analysis and modelling data reveal rapid interconversion between these different conformers leading to a symmetric structure on the NMR timescale. Rapid hydrogen bond shuffling between conformers having three (three), two (four), one (five) and zero (six) amide carbonyl groups (ester carbonyl groups, respectively) as hydrogen bond acceptors is proposed to explain the magnetic equivalence of the amide N-H on the NMR timescale. When compared to other ester BTA derivatives in which only ester carbonyls act as hydrogen bond acceptors, the fluxional behaviour of the hydrogen-bonded dimers of BTA Gly likely originates from a larger range of energetically favorable conformations accessible through rotation of the BTA side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Y Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - C Troufflard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - C Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - G Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - T Maistriaux
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - J Idé
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - R Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - L Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - P Brocorens
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
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14
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Martínez-Aguirre MA, Li Y, Vanthuyne N, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Dissecting the Role of the Sergeants in Supramolecular Helical Catalysts: From Chain Capping to Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4183-4191. [PMID: 33180372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the properties of supramolecular assemblies requires unveiling the specific interactions between their components. In the present work, the catalytic properties and structure of co-assemblies composed of a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) ligand coordinated to copper (the soldier) and seven enantiopure BTAs (the sergeants) have been determined. Whatever the sergeant, the enantioselectivity of the reaction is directly proportional to the optical purity of the supramolecular helices. More strikingly, the role played by the sergeant in the co-assembly process differs significantly: from almost pure intercalator (when it is incorporated in the stacks of the soldier and generates long homochiral helices) to pure chain capper (when it leads to the formation of partly helically biased and short assemblies). The former situation leads to optimal enantioselectivity for the catalytic system under study (58 % ee) while the latter situation leads to very low selectivity (8 % ee). The successful rationalization of this high and unexpected difference is crucial for the development of more efficient catalysts and more elaborate supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte A Martínez-Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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15
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Martínez‐Aguirre MA, Li Y, Vanthuyne N, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Dissecting the Role of the Sergeants in Supramolecular Helical Catalysts: From Chain Capping to Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte A. Martínez‐Aguirre
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université Centrale Marseille CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université CNRS Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire Equipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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16
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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17
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VandenBerg MA, Sahoo JK, Zou L, McCarthy W, Webber MJ. Divergent Self-Assembly Pathways to Hierarchically Organized Networks of Isopeptide-Modified Discotics under Kinetic Control. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5491-5505. [PMID: 32297733 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural proteins traverse complex free energy landscapes to assemble into hierarchically organized structures, often through stimuli-directed kinetic pathways in response to relevant biological cues. Bioinspired strategies have sought to emulate the complexity, dynamicity, and modularity exhibited in these natural processes with synthetic analogues. However, these efforts are limited by many factors that complicate the rational design and predictable assembly of synthetic constructs, especially in aqueous environments. Herein, a model discotic amphiphile gelator is described that undergoes pathway-dependent structural maturation when exposed to varying application rates of a pH stimulus, investigated by electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and X-ray scattering techniques. Under the direction of a slowly changing pH stimulus, complex hierarchical assemblies result, characterized by mesoscale elongated "superstructure" bundles embedded in a percolated mesh of narrow nanofibers. In contrast, the assembly under a rapidly applied pH stimulus is characterized by homogeneous structures that are reminiscent of the superstructures arising from the more deliberate path, except with significantly reduced scale and concomitantly large increases in bulk rheological properties. This synthetic system bears resemblance to the pathway complexity and hierarchical ordering observed for native structures, such as collagen, and points to fundamental design principles that might be applied toward enhanced control of the properties of supramolecular self-assembly across length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A VandenBerg
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William McCarthy
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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18
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Li Y, Hammoud A, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Emergence of Homochiral Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide Helical Assemblies and Catalysts upon Addition of an Achiral Monomer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5676-5688. [PMID: 32115947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chirality amplification refers to the ability of a small chiral bias to fully control the main chain helicity of polymers and assemblies. Further implementation of functional chirally amplified helices as switchable asymmetric catalysts, chiral sensors, and circularly polarized light emitters will require a greater control of the energetics governing these chirality amplification effects. In this work, we report on the counterintuitive ability of an achiral molecule to suppress conformational defects in supramolecular helices, thus leading to the emergence of homochirality in a system containing a very small chiral bias. We focus our investigation on supramolecular helices composed of an achiral benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) ligand, coordinated to copper, and an enantiopure BTA comonomer. Amplification of chirality as probed by varying the amount (sergeants and soldiers effect) or the optical purity (diluted majority-rules effect) of the enantiopure comonomer are modest in this initial system. However, both effects are hugely enhanced upon addition of a second achiral BTA monomer, leading to a perfect control of the helicity either by means of a remarkably low amount of sergeants (0.5%) or a small bias from a racemic mixture of enantiopure comonomers (10% ee). Such an enhancement in the amplification of chirality is only achieved by mixing the three components, i.e. the two achiral and the enantiopure comonomers, highlighting a synergistic effect upon coassembly of the three monomers. Investigation of the role of the achiral additive by multifarious analytical techniques supports its ability to stabilize the helical coassemblies and suppress helix reversals: i.e., conformational defects. Implementation of these helical copper precatalysts in the hydrosilylation of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone confirms that the effect of the achiral BTA additive is also operative under the conditions of the catalytic experiment. A highly enantioenriched product (90% ee) is produced by a supramolecular catalyst operating with ppm levels of chiral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ahmad Hammoud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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19
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Vantomme G, ter Huurne GM, Kulkarni C, ten Eikelder HMM, Markvoort AJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Tuning the Length of Cooperative Supramolecular Polymers under Thermodynamic Control. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18278-18285. [PMID: 31638390 PMCID: PMC6856959 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the field of supramolecular (co)polymerizations, the ability to predict and control the composition and length of the supramolecular (co)polymers is a topic of great interest. In this work, we elucidate the mechanism that controls the polymer length in a two-component cooperative supramolecular polymerization and unveil the role of the second component in the system. We focus on the supramolecular copolymerization between two derivatives of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) monomers: a-BTA and Nle-BTA. As a single component, a-BTA cooperatively polymerizes into long supramolecular polymers, whereas Nle-BTA only forms dimers. By mixing a-BTA and Nle-BTA in different ratios, two-component systems are obtained, which are analyzed in-depth by combining spectroscopy and light-scattering techniques with theoretical modeling. The results show that the length of the supramolecular polymers formed by a-BTA is controlled by competitive sequestration of a-BTA monomers by Nle-BTA, while the obvious alternative Nle-BTA acts as a chain-capper is not operative. This sequestration of a-BTA leads to short, stable species coexisting with long cooperative aggregates. The analysis of the experimental data by theoretical modeling elucidates the thermodynamic parameters of the copolymerization, the distributions of the various species, and the composition and length of the supramolecular polymers at various mixing ratios of a-BTA and Nle-BTA. Moreover, the model was used to generalize our results and to predict the impact of adding a chain-capper or a competitor on the length of the cooperative supramolecular polymers under thermodynamic control. Overall, this work unveils comprehensive guidelines to master the nature of supramolecular (co)polymers and brings the field one step closer to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Vantomme
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs M. ter Huurne
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chidambar Kulkarni
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huub M. M. ten Eikelder
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational
Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. Markvoort
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational
Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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20
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Koch M, Saphiannikova M, Guskova O. Do Columns of Azobenzene Stars Disassemble under Light Illumination? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14659-14669. [PMID: 31627699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The clustering properties of star-shaped molecules comprising three photochromic azobenzene-containing arms are investigated with specific focus on the influence of light on these structures. Previous experimental works report self-assembly of azobenzene stars in aqueous solution into long columnar clusters that are detectable using optical microscopy. These clusters appear to vanish under UV irradiation, which is known to induce trans-to-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups. We have performed MD simulations, density functional theory, and density functional tight binding calculations to determine conformational properties and binding energies of these clusters. Our simulation data suggest that the binding strength of the clusters is large enough to prevent a breaking along their main axis. We conclude that very likely other mechanisms lead to the apparent disappearance of the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Koch
- Institute Theory of Polymers , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Marina Saphiannikova
- Institute Theory of Polymers , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS) , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Olga Guskova
- Institute Theory of Polymers , Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Str. 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS) , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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21
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Catalysts Supported by Homochiral Molecular Helices: A New Concept to Implement Asymmetric Amplification in Catalytic Science. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Dubreucq L, Alvarenga BG, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. N‐Substituted Benzene‐1‐Urea‐3,5‐Biscarboxamide (BUBA): Easily Accessible
C
2
‐Symmetric Monomers for the Construction of Reversible and Chirally Amplified Helical Assemblies. Chemistry 2019; 25:10650-10661. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireEquipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Ludovic Dubreucq
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireEquipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Bruno G. Alvarenga
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireEquipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Department of Physical-ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas–UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireEquipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireEquipe Chimie des Polymères 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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23
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Knoll K, Leyendecker M, Thiele CM. l
‐Valine Derivatised 1,3,5‐Benzene‐Tricarboxamides as Building Blocks for a New Supramolecular Organogel‐Like Alignment Medium. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Knoll
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Clemens‐Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Martin Leyendecker
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Clemens‐Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Clemens‐Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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24
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Basuyaux G, Desmarchelier A, Gontard G, Vanthuyne N, Moussa J, Amouri H, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Extra hydrogen bonding interactions by peripheral indole groups stabilize benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide helical assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8548-8551. [PMID: 31268082 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide monomers derived from alkyl esters of tryptophan (BTA Trp) self-assemble into helices with an inner threefold hydrogen bond network surrounded by a second network involving the indole N-H groups. As a consequence of this extra stabilization of its helical assemblies, BTA Trp forms more viscous solutions than a range of ester and alkyl BTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Basuyaux
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Alaric Desmarchelier
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jamal Moussa
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Hani Amouri
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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25
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Li Y, Caumes X, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Modulation of catalyst enantioselectivity through reversible assembly of supramolecular helices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2162-2165. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselectivity displayed by a supramolecular copper catalyst involved in successive reactions can be modulated through reversible assembly of the helices supporting the catalytic centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Xavier Caumes
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
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26
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Frederix PWJM, Patmanidis I, Marrink SJ. Molecular simulations of self-assembling bio-inspired supramolecular systems and their connection to experiments. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3470-3489. [PMID: 29688238 PMCID: PMC5961611 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In bionanotechnology, the field of creating functional materials consisting of bio-inspired molecules, the function and shape of a nanostructure only appear through the assembly of many small molecules together. The large number of building blocks required to define a nanostructure combined with the many degrees of freedom in packing small molecules has long precluded molecular simulations, but recent advances in computational hardware as well as software have made classical simulations available to this strongly expanding field. Here, we review the state of the art in simulations of self-assembling bio-inspired supramolecular systems. We will first discuss progress in force fields, simulation protocols and enhanced sampling techniques using recent examples. Secondly, we will focus on efforts to enable the comparison of experimentally accessible observables and computational results. Experimental quantities that can be measured by microscopy, spectroscopy and scattering can be linked to simulation output either directly or indirectly, via quantum mechanical or semi-empirical techniques. Overall, we aim to provide an overview of the various computational approaches to understand not only the molecular architecture of nanostructures, but also the mechanism of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim W. J. M. Frederix
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
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27
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Lynes AD, Hawes CS, Byrne K, Schmitt W, Gunnlaugsson T. Coordination chemistry of flexible benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide derived carboxylates; notable structural resilience and vaguely familiar packing motifs. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5259-5268. [PMID: 29565082 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flexible benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs), organic species well-known for their tendencies to form functional soft-materials by virtue of their complementary hydrogen bonding, are explored as structurally reinforcing supramolecular building blocks in porous coordination polymers. We report the synthesis and characterisation of two related, carboxylate-terminated BTA derivatives, and the structure and functionality of their polymeric Cd(ii) complexes. The polycarboxylate ligand benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide tris(phenylacetic acid) H3L1 was prepared, and the analogous trimethyl benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide tris acetate Me3L2 was prepared and its single crystal structure elucidated. On reaction with cadmium nitrate in a DMF/H2O mixture, each BTA compound yielded coordination polymer species with columnar packing motifs comparable to the familiar BTA triple helix seen in purely organic systems. In the case of Me3L2, this transformation was achieved through a convenient in situ ester hydrolysis. Complex 1 is a 2-dimensional layered material containing tubular intralayer pores, in which amide-amide hydrogen bonding is a notable structural feature. In contrast, the structure of 2 contains no amide-amide hydrogen bonding, and instead a columnar arrangement of ligand species is linked by trinuclear Cd(ii) cluster nodes into a densely packed three-dimensional framework. The crystal structures revealed both materials exhibited significant solvent-accessible volume, and this was probed with thermal analysis and CO2 and N2 adsorption experiments; complex 2 showed negligible gas uptake, while compound 1 possesses an unusually high CO2 capacity for a two-dimensional material with intralayer porosity and surprising structural resilience to guest exchange, evacuation and exposure to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Lynes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chris S Hawes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Kevin Byrne
- School of Chemistry & Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- School of Chemistry & Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Korlepara DB, Bejagam KK, Balasubramanian S. Supramolecular Polymerization of N,N′,N″,N‴-tetra-(Tetradecyl)-1,3,6,8-pyrenetetracarboxamide: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11492-11503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya B. Korlepara
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials
Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Karteek K. Bejagam
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials
Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials
Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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30
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Zimbron JM, Caumes X, Li Y, Thomas CM, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Real-Time Control of the Enantioselectivity of a Supramolecular Catalyst Allows Selecting the Configuration of Consecutively Formed Stereogenic Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Zimbron
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS; Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris; 75005 Paris France
| | - Xavier Caumes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS; Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris; 75005 Paris France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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31
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Zimbron JM, Caumes X, Li Y, Thomas CM, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Real-Time Control of the Enantioselectivity of a Supramolecular Catalyst Allows Selecting the Configuration of Consecutively Formed Stereogenic Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14016-14019. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Zimbron
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS; Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris; 75005 Paris France
| | - Xavier Caumes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Yan Li
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS; Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris; 75005 Paris France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères; 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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32
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Frederix PWJM, Idé J, Altay Y, Schaeffer G, Surin M, Beljonne D, Bondarenko AS, Jansen TLC, Otto S, Marrink SJ. Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Assemblies of Self-Replicating Peptide Macrocycles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7858-7868. [PMID: 28723067 PMCID: PMC5616102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-replication at the molecular level is often seen as essential to the early origins of life. Recently a mechanism of self-replication has been discovered in which replicator self-assembly drives the process. We have studied one of the examples of such self-assembling self-replicating molecules to a high level of structural detail using a combination of computational and spectroscopic techniques. Molecular Dynamics simulations of self-assembled stacks of peptide-derived replicators provide insights into the structural characteristics of the system and serve as the basis for semiempirical calculations of the UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD) and infrared (IR) absorption spectra that reflect the chiral organization and peptide secondary structure of the stacks. Two proposed structural models are tested by comparing calculated spectra to experimental data from electron microscopy, CD and IR spectroscopy, resulting in a better insight into the specific supramolecular interactions that lead to self-replication. Specifically, we find a cooperative self-assembly process in which β-sheet formation leads to well-organized structures, while also the aromatic core of the macrocycles plays an important role in the stability of the resulting fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim W. J. M. Frederix
- University
of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University
of Groningen, Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for
Chemistry, Nijenborgh
4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Julien Idé
- Laboratory
of Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons − UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Yigit Altay
- University
of Groningen, Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for
Chemistry, Nijenborgh
4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël Schaeffer
- University
of Groningen, Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for
Chemistry, Nijenborgh
4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory
of Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons − UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
of Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons − UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Anna S. Bondarenko
- University
of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- University
of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- University
of Groningen, Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for
Chemistry, Nijenborgh
4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University
of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- University
of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University
of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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Kulkarni C, Meijer EW, Palmans ARA. Cooperativity Scale: A Structure-Mechanism Correlation in the Self-Assembly of Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1928-1936. [PMID: 28692276 PMCID: PMC5559720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of small and well-defined molecules using noncovalent interactions to generate various nano- and microarchitectures has been extensively studied. Among various architectures, one-dimensional (1-D) nano-objects have garnered significant attention. It has become increasingly evident that a cooperative or nucleation-elongation mechanism of polymerization leads to highly ordered 1-D supramolecular polymers, analogous to shape-persistent biopolymers such as actin. With this in mind, achieving cooperativity in self-assembled structures has been actively pursued with significant success. Only recently, researchers are focusing on the origin of the mechanism at the molecular level in different synthetic systems. Taking a step further, a thorough quantitative structure-mechanism correlation is crucial to control the size, shape, and functions of supramolecular polymers, and this is currently lacking in the literature. Among a plethora of molecules, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs) provide a unique combination of important noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-stacking, and hydrophobic interactions, for self-assembly and synthetic ease. Due to the latter, a diverse range of BTA derivatives with all possible structural mutations have been synthesized and studied during the past decade, mainly from our group. With such a large body of experimental results on BTA self-assembly, it is time to embark on a structure-mechanism correlation in this family of molecules, and a first step toward this will form the main focus of this Account. The origin of the cooperative mechanism of self-assembly in BTAs has been ascribed to 3-fold intermolecular hydrogen bonding (HB) between monomers based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction forms the central premise of this work, in which we evaluate the effect of different moieties such as alkyl chains, and amino acids, attached to the core amides on the strength of intermolecular HB, which consequently governs the extent of cooperativity (quantified by the cooperativity factor, σ). In addition to this, we evaluate the effect of amide connectivity (C- vs N-centered), the role of solvents, amides vs thioamides, and finally the influence of the benzene vs cyclohexane core on the σ. Remarkably, every subtle structural change in the BTA monomer seems to affect the cooperativity factor in a systematic and rationalizable way. The take home message will be that the cooperativity factor (σ) in the BTA family forms a continuous spectrum from 1 (isodesmic) to <10-6 (highly cooperative) and it can be tuned based on the appropriate modification of the BTA monomer. We anticipate that these correlations drawn from the BTA series will be applicable to other systems in which HB is the main driving force for cooperativity. Thus, the understanding gained from such correlations on a prototypical self-assembling motif such as BTA will aid in designing more complex systems with distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambar Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Klein-Hitpaß M, Lynes AD, Hawes CS, Byrne K, Schmitt W, Gunnlaugsson T. A Schiff-base cross-linked supramolecular polymer containing diiminophenol compartments and its interaction with copper(II) ions. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1362108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein-Hitpaß
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amy D. Lynes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kevin Byrne
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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35
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Das A, Vantomme G, Markvoort AJ, ten Eikelder HMM, Garcia-Iglesias M, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Supramolecular Copolymers: Structure and Composition Revealed by Theoretical Modeling. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7036-7044. [PMID: 28485145 PMCID: PMC5445503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular copolymers, non-covalent analogues of synthetic copolymers, constitute a new and promising class of polymers. In contrast to their covalent counterparts, the details of their mechanism of formation, as well as the factors determining their composition and length, are still poorly understood. Here, the supramolecular copolymerization between two slightly structurally different benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) monomers functionalized with either oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMSi) or alkyl side chains is unraveled by combining experimental and theoretical approaches. By applying the "sergeant-and-soldiers" approach using circular dichroism (CD) experiments, we are able to obtain detailed insights into the structure and composition of these supramolecular copolymers. Moreover, we observe an unexpected chiral induction upon mixing two independently CD-silent solutions of the achiral (soldier) and chiral (sergeant) monomers. We find that the subtle differences in the chemical structure of the two monomers impact their homopolymerization mechanism: whereas alkyl-BTAs cooperatively self-assemble, oDMSi-BTAs self-assemble in an isodesmic manner. The effect of these mechanistic differences in the supramolecular copolymerization process is investigated as a function of the composition of the two monomers and explicitly rationalized by mathematical modeling. The results show that, at low fractions of oDMSi-BTA sergeants (<10 mol%), the polymerization process is cooperative and the supramolecular helicity is biased toward the helical preference of the sergeant. However, at higher fractions of oDMSi-BTA sergeant (>25 mol%), the isodesmic assembly of the increasing amounts of sergeant becomes more dominant, and different species start to coexist in the copolymerization process. The analysis of the experimental data with a newly developed theoretical model allows us to quantify the thermodynamic parameters, the distribution of different species, and the compositions and stack lengths of the formed supramolecular copolymers existing at various feed ratios of the two monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. Markvoort
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational
Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huub M. M. ten Eikelder
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational
Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Garcia-Iglesias
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Lynes AD, Hawes CS, Ward EN, Haffner B, Möbius ME, Byrne K, Schmitt W, Pal R, Gunnlaugsson T. Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide n-alkyl ester and carboxylic acid derivatives: tuneable structural, morphological and thermal properties. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Caumes X, Baldi A, Gontard G, Brocorens P, Lazzaroni R, Vanthuyne N, Troufflard C, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Tuning the structure of 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxamide self-assemblies through stereochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13369-13372. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A heterochiral BTA monomer forms long rods in cyclohexane whilst its homochiral analogue assembles into dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caumes
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Arianna Baldi
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Patrick Brocorens
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux
- Université de Mons/Materia Nova
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux
- Université de Mons/Materia Nova
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | | | - Claire Troufflard
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- F-75005 Paris
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