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Xie C, Xu J, Wang X, Jiang S, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Jia Z, Jia Z, Lu X. Smart Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300339. [PMID: 37848181 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in the portion of the aging population has led to a consequent increase in demand for biomedical hydrogels, together with an assortment of challenges that need to be overcome in this field. Smart hydrogels can autonomously sense and respond to the physiological/pathological changes of the tissue microenvironment and continuously adapt the response according to the dynamic spatiotemporal shifts in conditions. This along with other favorable properties, make smart hydrogels excellent materials for employing toward improving the precision of treatment for age-related diseases. The key factor during the smart hydrogel design is on accurately identifying the characteristics of natural tissues and faithfully replicating the composition, structure, and biological functions of these tissues at the molecular level. Such hydrogels can accurately sense distinct physiological and external factors such as temperature and biologically active molecules, so they may in turn actively and promptly adjust their response, by regulating their own biological effects, thereby promoting damaged tissue repair. This review summarizes the design strategies employed in the creation of smart hydrogels, their response mechanisms, as well as their applications in field of tissue engineering; and concludes by briefly discussing the relevant challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Shengxi Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zexin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zhuo Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zhanrong Jia
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
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Taqieddin A, Sarrouf S, Ehsan MF, Alshawabkeh AN. New Insights on Designing the Next-Generation Materials for Electrochemical Synthesis of Reactive Oxidative Species Towards Efficient and Scalable Water Treatment: A Review and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:111384. [PMID: 38186676 PMCID: PMC10769459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical water remediation technologies offer several advantages and flexibility for water treatment and degradation of contaminants. These technologies generate reactive oxidative species (ROS) that degrade pollutants. For the implementation of these technologies at an industrial scale, efficient, scalable, and cost-effective in-situ ROS synthesis is necessary to degrade complex pollutant mixtures, treat large amount of contaminated water, and clean water in a reasonable amount of time and cost. These targets are directly dependent on the materials used to generate the ROS, such as electrodes and catalysts. Here, we review the key design aspects of electrocatalytic materials for efficient in-situ ROS generation. We present a mechanistic understanding of ROS generation, including their reaction pathways, and integrate this with the key design considerations of the materials and the overall electrochemical reactor/cell. This involves tunning the interfacial interactions between the electrolyte and electrode which can enhance the ROS generation rate up to ~ 40% as discussed in this review. We also summarized the current and emerging materials for water remediation cells and created a structured dataset of about 500 electrodes and 130 catalysts used for ROS generation and water treatment. A perspective on accelerating the discovery and designing of the next generation electrocatalytic materials is discussed through the application of integrated experimental and computational workflows. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive review and perspectives on designing and discovering materials for ROS synthesis, which are critical not only for successful implementation of electrochemical water remediation technologies but also for other electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stephanie Sarrouf
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Muhammad Fahad Ehsan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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Pescosolido F, Montaina L, Carcione R, Politi S, Matassa R, Carotenuto F, Nottola SA, Nardo PD, Tamburri E. A New Strong-Acid Free Route to Produce Xanthan Gum-PANI Composite Scaffold Supporting Bioelectricity. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300132. [PMID: 37399840 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hybrid xanthan gum (XG)-polyaniline (PANI) biocomposites forming 3D structures able to mimic electrical biological functions are synthesized by a strong-acid free medium. In situ aniline oxidative chemical polymerizations are performed in XG water dispersions to produce stable XG-PANI pseudoplastic fluids. XG-PANI composites with 3D architectures are obtained by subsequent freeze-drying processes. The morphological investigation highlights the formation of porous structures; UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy characterizations assess the chemical structure of the produced composites. I-V measurements evidence electrical conductivity of the samples, while electrochemical analyses point out their capability to respond to electric stimuli with electron and ion exchanges in physiological-like environment. Trial tests on prostate cancer cells evaluate biocompatibility of the XG-PANI composite. Obtained results demonstrate that a strong acid-free route produces an electrically conductive and electrochemically active XG-PANI polymer composite. The investigation of charge transport and transfer, as well as of biocompatibility properties of composite materials produced in aqueous environments, brings new perspective for exploitation of such materials in biomedical applications. In particular, the developed strategy can be used to realize biomaterials working as scaffolds that require electrical stimulations for inducing cell growth and communication or for biosignals monitoring and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pescosolido
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Montaina
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Rocco Carcione
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Sara Politi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Roberto Matassa
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Stefania Annarita Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tamburri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
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del Valle MA, Gacitúa MA, Hernández F, Luengo M, Hernández LA. Nanostructured Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Energy Storage Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061450. [PMID: 36987228 PMCID: PMC10054839 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the energy requirements for various human activities, and the need for a substantial change in the energy matrix, it is important to research and design new materials that allow the availability of appropriate technologies. In this sense, together with proposals that advocate a reduction in the conversion, storage, and feeding of clean energies, such as fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors energy consumption, there is an approach that is based on the development of better applications for and batteries. An alternative to commonly used inorganic materials is conducting polymers (CP). Strategies based on the formation of composite materials and nanostructures allow outstanding performances in electrochemical energy storage devices such as those mentioned. Particularly, the nanostructuring of CP stands out because, in the last two decades, there has been an important evolution in the design of various types of nanostructures, with a strong focus on their synergistic combination with other types of materials. This bibliographic compilation reviews state of the art in this area, with a special focus on how nanostructured CP would contribute to the search for new materials for the development of energy storage devices, based mainly on the morphology they present and on their versatility to be combined with other materials, which allows notable improvements in aspects such as reduction in ionic diffusion trajectories and electronic transport, optimization of spaces for ion penetration, a greater number of electrochemically active sites and better stability in charge/discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. del Valle
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica de Polímeros, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. V. Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.A.d.V.); (L.A.H.)
| | - M. A. Gacitúa
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército 441, Santiago 8370191, Chile
| | - F. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - M. Luengo
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - L. A. Hernández
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.A.d.V.); (L.A.H.)
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Hong S, Ho Yoon J, Jeong S, Kim YR, Tae Kim I. Electropolymerization of thiazole derivatives bearing thiophene and selenophene and the potential application in capacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Li Y, Wei L, Lan L, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Dawit H, Mao J, Guo L, Shen L, Wang L. Conductive biomaterials for cardiac repair: A review. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:157-178. [PMID: 33887448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the fatal diseases in humans. Its incidence is constantly increasing annually all over the world. The problem is accompanied by the limited regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes, yielding fibrous scar tissue formation. The propagation of electrical impulses in such tissue is severely hampered, negatively influencing the normal heart pumping function. Thus, reconstruction of the internal cardiac electrical connection is currently a major concern of myocardial repair. Conductive biomaterials with or without cell loading were extensively investigated to address this problem. This article introduces a detailed overview of the recent progress in conductive biomaterials and fabrication methods of conductive scaffolds for cardiac repair. After that, the advances in myocardial tissue construction in vitro by the restoration of intercellular communication and simulation of the dynamic electrophysiological environment are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the latest trend in the study of cardiac repair in vivo using various conductive patches is summarized. Finally, we discuss the achievements and shortcomings of the existing conductive biomaterials and the properties of an ideal conductive patch for myocardial repair. We hope this review will help readers understand the importance and usefulness of conductive biomaterials in cardiac repair and inspire researchers to design and develop new conductive patches to meet the clinical requirements. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: After myocardial infarction, the infarcted myocardial area is gradually replaced by heterogeneous fibrous tissue with inferior conduction properties, resulting in arrhythmia and heart remodeling. Conductive biomaterials have been extensively adopted to solve the problem. Summarizing the relevant literature, this review presents an overview of the types and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials, and focally discusses the recent advances in myocardial tissue construction in vitro and myocardial repair in vivo, which is rarely covered in previous reviews. As well, the deficiencies of the existing conductive patches and their construction strategies for myocardial repair are discussed as well as the improving directions. Confidently, the readers of this review would appreciate advantages and current limitations of conductive biomaterials/patches in cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Leqian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lizhen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yaya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hewan Dawit
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jifu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Lamei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Effect of Electrosynthesis Potential on Nucleation, Growth, Adhesion, and Electronic Properties of Polypyrrole Thin Films on Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide (FTO). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152419. [PMID: 34372020 PMCID: PMC8347362 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most attractive conducting polymers for thin film applications due to its good electrical conductivity, stability, optical properties, and biocompatibility. Among the technologies in which PPy has gained prominence are optoelectronics and solar energy conversion, where transparent electrodes such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO) are frequently used. However, FTO substrates have the notable advantage that their components are widely available in nature, unlike those of ITO. Recognizing the importance that the FTO/polypyrrole system has gained in various applications, here, we studied for the first time the nucleation and growth mechanism of electro-synthesized PPy on FTO. Additionally, the effect of the synthesis potential (0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) on the homogeneity, adhesion, conductivity, and HOMO energy levels of PPy films was determined. From current–time transients and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that films synthesized at 0.9 and 1.0 V exhibit 3D growth with progressive nucleation (as well as lower homogeneity and higher adhesion to FTO). In contrast, films synthesized at 1.1 and 1.2 V follow 2D growth with instantaneous nucleation. It was also evident that increasing the polymerization potential leads to polymers with lower conductivity and more negative HOMO levels (versus vacuum). These findings are relevant to encourage the use of electro-synthesized PPy in thin film applications that require a high control of material properties.
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Otero TF. Electroactive macromolecular motors as model materials of ectotherm muscles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21489-21506. [PMID: 35478837 PMCID: PMC9034182 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical reaction in liquid electrolytes of conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, among other materials, replicates the active components (macromolecular electro-chemical motors, ions and solvent) and volume variation of the sarcomere in any natural muscles during actuation, allowing the development of electro-chemo-mechanical artificial muscles. Materials, reactions and artificial muscles have been used as model materials, model reactions and model devices of the muscles from ectotherm animals. We present in this perspective the experimental results and a quantitative description of the thermal influence on the reaction extension and energetic achievements of those muscular models using different experimental methodologies. By raising the temperature for 40 °C keeping the extension of the muscular movement the cooperative actuation of the macromolecular motors harvest, saving chemical energy, up to 60% of the reaction energy from the thermal environment. The synergic thermal influence on either, the reaction rate (Arrhenius), the conformational movement rates of the motors (ESCR model) and the diffusion coefficients of ions across polymer matrix (WLF equation) can support the physical chemical foundations for the selection by nature of ectotherm muscles. Macromolecular motors act, simultaneously, as electro-chemo-mechanical and thermo-mechanical transducers. Technological and biological perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toribio Fernández Otero
- Technical University of Cartagena, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Campus Alfonso XIII 30203 Cartagena Spain
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Yoon J, Cho HY, Shin M, Choi HK, Lee T, Choi JW. Flexible electrochemical biosensors for healthcare monitoring. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:7303-7318. [PMID: 32647855 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the interest in wearable devices has increased recently, increasing biosensor flexibility has begun to attract considerable attention. Among the various types of biosensors, electrochemical biosensors are uniquely suited for the development of such flexible biosensors due to their many advantages, including their fast response, inherent miniaturization, convenient operation, and portability. Therefore, many studies on flexible electrochemical biosensors have been conducted in recent years to achieve non-invasive and real-time monitoring of body fluids such as tears, sweat, and saliva. To achieve this, various substrates, novel nanomaterials, and detection techniques have been utilized to develop conductive flexible platforms that can be applied to create flexible electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we discussed recently reported flexible electrochemical biosensors and divided them into specific categories including materials for flexible substrate, fabrication techniques for flexible biosensor development, and recently developed flexible electrochemical biosensors to externally monitor target molecules, thereby providing a means to noninvasively examine cells and body fluid samples. In conclusion, this review will discuss the materials, methods, recent studies, and perspectives on flexible electrochemical biosensors for healthcare monitoring and wearable biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Otero TF. Towards artificial proprioception from artificial muscles constituted by self-sensing multi-step electrochemical macromolecular motors. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Synthesis of Manganese Dioxide by Mn2+ Complexation and Electro-Oxidation in Polypyrrole Benzoic Acid Films. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Choi KS, Han JW, Kim MH, Yoon M, Kim YR, Kim IT. Electropolymerization of thiazole derivative bearing thiophene and its application in capacitors and electrochromic devices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Melling D, Martinez JG, Jager EWH. Conjugated Polymer Actuators and Devices: Progress and Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808210. [PMID: 30907471 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs), as exemplified by polypyrrole, are intrinsically conducting polymers with potential for development as soft actuators or "artificial muscles" for numerous applications. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of these materials and the actuation mechanisms, aided by the development of physical and electrochemical models. Current research is focused on developing applications utilizing the advantages that CP actuators have (e.g., low driving potential and easy to miniaturize) over other actuating materials and on developing ways of overcoming their inherent limitations. CP actuators are available as films, filaments/yarns, and textiles, operating in liquids as well as in air, ready for use by engineers. Here, the milestones made in understanding these unique materials and their development as actuators are highlighted. The primary focus is on the recent progress, developments, applications, and future opportunities for improvement and exploitation of these materials, which possess a wealth of multifunctional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Melling
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jose G Martinez
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Edwin W H Jager
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
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Martinez JG, Otero TF. Three electrochemical tools (motor-sensor-battery) with energy recovery work simultaneously in a trilayer artificial muscle. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Otero TF, Beaumont S. The Energy Consumed by Electrochemical Molecular Machines as Self-Sensor of the Reaction Conditions: Origin of Sensing Nervous Pulses and Asymmetry in Biological Functions. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toribio F. Otero
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry Intelligent Materials and Devices; Technical University of Cartagena ETSII; Campus Alfonso XIII 30203 Cartagena Spain
| | - Samuel Beaumont
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry Intelligent Materials and Devices; Technical University of Cartagena ETSII; Campus Alfonso XIII 30203 Cartagena Spain
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Puiggalí-Jou A, Cejudo A, del Valle LJ, Alemán C. Smart Drug Delivery from Electrospun Fibers through Electroresponsive Polymeric Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1594-1605. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Cejudo
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ravichandran R, Martinez JG, Jager EWH, Phopase J, Turner APF. Type I Collagen-Derived Injectable Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds as Glucose Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16244-16249. [PMID: 29701457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of home blood glucose monitoring revolutionized diabetes management, and the recent introduction of both wearable devices and closed-loop continuous systems has enormously impacted the lives of people with diabetes. We describe the first fully injectable soft electrochemical glucose sensor for in situ monitoring. Collagen, the main component of a native extracellular matrix in humans and animals, was used to fabricate an in situ gellable self-supporting electroconductive hydrogel that can be injected onto an electrode surface or into porcine meat to detect glucose amperometrically. The study provides a proof-of-principle of an injectable electrochemical sensor suitable for monitoring tissue glucose levels that may, with further development, prove clinically useful in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Ravichandran
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) , Linköping University , SE-58183 , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Jose G Martinez
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) , Linköping University , SE-58183 , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Edwin W H Jager
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) , Linköping University , SE-58183 , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Jaywant Phopase
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) , Linköping University , SE-58183 , Linköping , Sweden
- Department of Science and Technology, Organic Electronics , Linköping University , Norrkoping SE-60174 , Sweden
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) , Linköping University , SE-58183 , Linköping , Sweden
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18
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Ibanez JG, Rincón ME, Gutierrez-Granados S, Chahma M, Jaramillo-Quintero OA, Frontana-Uribe BA. Conducting Polymers in the Fields of Energy, Environmental Remediation, and Chemical–Chiral Sensors. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4731-4816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. Ibanez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, 01219 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marina. E. Rincón
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580, Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gutierrez-Granados
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito
de Rocha, 36080 Guanajuato, GTO Mexico
| | - M’hamed Chahma
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Oscar A. Jaramillo-Quintero
- CONACYT-Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580 Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca 50200, Estado de México Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
exterior Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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19
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Molina BG, Cianga L, Bendrea AD, Cianga I, del Valle LJ, Estrany F, Alemán C, Armelin E. Amphiphilic polypyrrole-poly(Schiff base) copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) side chains: synthesis, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted random intrinsically conducting copolymers which combine three different functionalities have been engineered, prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda G. Molina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Luminita Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | | | - Ioan Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Francesc Estrany
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
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20
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Otero TF. Structural and Conformational Chemistry from Electrochemical Molecular Machines. Replicating Biological Functions. A Review. CHEM REC 2017; 18:788-806. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toribio F. Otero
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry; Intelligent Materials and Devices; Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; Campus Alfonso XIII 30203 Cartagena Spain
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21
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Otero TF, Beaumont S. The cooperative actuation of multistep electrochemical molecular machines in polypyrrole films senses the imposed energetic conditions: Influence of the potential scan rate. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Liu Y, Li J, Tschirhart T, Terrell JL, Kim E, Tsao C, Kelly DL, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Connecting Biology to Electronics: Molecular Communication via Redox Modality. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 29045017 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biology and electronics are both expert at for accessing, analyzing, and responding to information. Biology uses ions, small molecules, and macromolecules to receive, analyze, store, and transmit information, whereas electronic devices receive input in the form of electromagnetic radiation, process the information using electrons, and then transmit output as electromagnetic waves. Generating the capabilities to connect biology-electronic modalities offers exciting opportunities to shape the future of biosensors, point-of-care medicine, and wearable/implantable devices. Redox reactions offer unique opportunities for bio-device communication that spans the molecular modalities of biology and electrical modality of devices. Here, an approach to search for redox information through an interactive electrochemical probing that is analogous to sonar is adopted. The capabilities of this approach to access global chemical information as well as information of specific redox-active chemical entities are illustrated using recent examples. An example of the use of synthetic biology to recognize external molecular information, process this information through intracellular signal transduction pathways, and generate output responses that can be detected by electrical modalities is also provided. Finally, exciting results in the use of redox reactions to actuate biology are provided to illustrate that synthetic biology offers the potential to guide biological response through electrical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Tanya Tschirhart
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jessica L. Terrell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Chen‐Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Deanna L. Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21228 USA
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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23
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Otero TF, Valero L, Martinez JG. Polypyrrole-amphiphile blend electrodes: new reaction-driven structural processes with possible formation of vesicles. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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25
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Martinez JG, Ayán-Varela M, Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Aznar-Cervantes SD, Otero TF. Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Flavin Mononucleotide-Exfoliated Pristine Graphene/Polypyrrole Composites. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose G. Martinez
- Group for Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials & Devices (GEMDI); Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; C/Carlos III, s/n 30203 Murcia Spain
| | - Miguel Ayán-Varela
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC; Apartado 73 33080 Oviedo Spain
| | - Juan I. Paredes
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC; Apartado 73 33080 Oviedo Spain
| | | | - Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes
- Department of Biotechnology; Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA); La Alberca (Murcia) E-30150 Spain
| | - Toribio F. Otero
- Group for Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials & Devices (GEMDI); Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena; C/Carlos III, s/n 30203 Murcia Spain
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26
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Sapurina I, Li Y, Alekseeva E, Bober P, Trchová M, Morávková Z, Stejskal J. Polypyrrole nanotubes: The tuning of morphology and conductivity. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Kiefer R, Kesküla A, Martinez JG, Anbarjafari G, Torop J, Otero TF. Interpenetrated triple polymeric layer as electrochemomechanical actuator: Solvent influence and diffusion coefficient of counterions. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Otero TF, Martinez‐Soria LX, Schumacher J, Valero L, Pascual VH. Self-Supported Polypyrrole/Polyvinylsulfate Films: Electrochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Sensing Properties of Their Redox Reactions. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:25-32. [PMID: 28168147 PMCID: PMC5288749 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thick films of polypyrrole/polyvinylsulfate (PPy/PVS) blends were electrogenerated on stainless-steel electrodes under potentiostatic conditions from aqueous solution. The best electropolymerization potential window was determined by cyclic voltammetry. After removing the film from the back metal, self-supported electrodes were obtained. Voltammetric, coulovoltammetric, and chronoamperometric responses from a LiClO4 aqueous solution indicated the formation of an energetically stable structure beyond a reduction threshold of the material. Its subsequent oxidation required higher anodic voltammetric overpotentials or longer chronoamperometric oxidation times. This structure was attributed to the formation of lamellar or vacuolar structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the films under different oxidations states revealed that the electrochemical reactions drive the reversible exchange of cations between the film and the electrolyte. The electrical energy and the charge consumed by the reversible reaction of the film under voltammetric conditions between the constant potential limits are a function of the potential scan rate, that is, they sense the working electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toribio F. Otero
- Centre for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI)Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)Aulario II30203CartagenaSpain
| | - Lluis X. Martinez‐Soria
- Centre for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI)Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)Aulario II30203CartagenaSpain
| | - Johanna Schumacher
- Arquimea Ingeniería S.L.U.Calle Margarita Salas, 10 (Pol Ind Leganec)28918LeganésMadridSpain
| | - Laura Valero
- Centre for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI)Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)Aulario II30203CartagenaSpain
- Engineering SchoolUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MéxicoToluca50000Mexico
| | - Victor H. Pascual
- Centre for Electrochemistry and Intelligent Materials (CEMI)Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)Aulario II30203CartagenaSpain
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29
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Flores JJ, Payne CK, Morris JD. Heme protein-mediated synthesis of PEDOT:PSS: enhancing conductivity by inhibiting heme degradation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS synthesized with hemoglobin is enhanced if heme degradation is inhibited during synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Flores
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
| | - C. K. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
| | - J. D. Morris
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
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30
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Sen S, Kim SY, Palmore LR, Jin S, Jadhav N, Chason E, Palmore GTR. In Situ Measurement of Voltage-Induced Stress in Conducting Polymers with Redox-Active Dopants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24168-24176. [PMID: 27579593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Minimization of stress-induced mechanical rupture and delamination of conducting polymer (CP) films is desirable to prevent failure of devices based on these materials. Thus, precise in situ measurement of voltage-induced stress within these films should provide insight into the cause of these failure mechanisms. The evolution of stress in films of polypyrrole (pPy), doped with indigo carmine (IC), was measured in different electrochemical environments using the multibeam optical stress sensor (MOSS) technique. The stress in these films gradually increases to a constant value during voltage cycling, revealing an initial break-in period for CP films. The nature of the ions involved in charge compensation of pPy[IC] during voltage cycling was determined from electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) data. The magnitude of the voltage-induced stress within pPy[IC] at neutral pH correlated with the radius of the hydrated mobile ion in the order Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+). At acidic pH, the IC dopant in pPy[IC] undergoes reversible oxidation and reduction within the range of potentials investigated, providing a secondary contribution to the observed voltage-induced stress. We report on the novel stress response of these polymers due to the presence of pH-dependent redox-active dopants and how it can affect material performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujat Sen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Sung Yeol Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lia R Palmore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Shenghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Nitin Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Eric Chason
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - G Tayhas R Palmore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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31
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32
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Coulovoltammetric and Dynamovoltammetric Responses from Conducting Polymers and Bilayer Muscles as Tools to Identify Reaction-driven Structural Changes. A review. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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Echazú MIA, Tuttolomondo MV, Foglia ML, Mebert AM, Alvarez GS, Desimone MF. Advances in collagen, chitosan and silica biomaterials for oral tissue regeneration: from basics to clinical trials. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6913-6929. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Different materials have distinct surface and bulk characteristics; each of them potentially useful for the treatment of a particular wound or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inés Alvarez Echazú
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Maria Victoria Tuttolomondo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Maria Lucia Foglia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Andrea Mathilde Mebert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Gisela Solange Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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34
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Wang F, Jeon JH, Kim SJ, Park JO, Park S. An eco-friendly ultra-high performance ionic artificial muscle based on poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) and carboxylated bacterial cellulose. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5015-5024. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly ultra-high performance ionic artificial muscle based on carboxylated bacterial cellulose and PAMPS was fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 500-757
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Jeon
- Robert Bosch (SEA) Pte Ltd
- Research and Technology Center
- Asia Pacific (CR/RTC1-AP)
- Singapore 573943
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 500-757
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 500-757
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sukho Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 500-757
- Republic of Korea
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