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Alimohammadvand S, Kaveh Zenjanab M, Mashinchian M, Shayegh J, Jahanban-Esfahlan R. Recent advances in biomimetic cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116951. [PMID: 38901207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging strategy of biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) via cellular membrane camouflage holds great promise in cancer therapy. This scholarly review explores the utilization of cellular membranes derived from diverse cellular entities; blood cells, immune cells, cancer cells, stem cells, and bacterial cells as examples of NP coatings. The camouflaging strategy endows NPs with nuanced tumor-targeting abilities such as self-recognition, homotypic targeting, and long-lasting circulation, thus also improving tumor therapy efficacy overall. The comprehensive examination encompasses a variety of cell membrane camouflaged NPs (CMCNPs), elucidating their underlying targeted therapy mechanisms and delineating diverse strategies for anti-cancer applications. Furthermore, the review systematically presents the synthesis of source materials and methodologies employed in order to construct and characterize these CMCNPs, with a specific emphasis on their use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Alimohammadvand
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kaveh Zenjanab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Mashinchian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Shayegh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar branch, Shabestar, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Ijaz M, Aslam B, Hasan I, Ullah Z, Roy S, Guo B. Cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanomedicines: productive cancer theranostic tools. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:863-895. [PMID: 38230669 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
As the second-leading cause of human death, cancer has drawn attention in the area of biomedical research and therapy from all around the world. Certainly, the development of nanotechnology has made it possible for nanoparticles (NPs) to be used as a carrier for delivery systems in the treatment of tumors. This is a biomimetic approach established to craft remedial strategies comprising NPs cloaked with membrane obtained from various natural cells like blood cells, bacterial cells, cancer cells, etc. Here we conduct an in-depth exploration of cell membrane-coated NPs (CMNPs) and their extensive array of applications including drug delivery, vaccination, phototherapy, immunotherapy, MRI imaging, PET imaging, multimodal imaging, gene therapy and a combination of photothermal and chemotherapy. This review article provides a thorough summary of the most recent developments in the use of CMNPs for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It critically assesses the state of research while recognizing significant accomplishments and innovations. Additionally, it indicates ongoing problems in clinical translation and associated queries that warrant deeper research. By doing so, this study encourages creative thinking for future projects in the field of tumor therapy using CMNPs while also educating academics on the present status of CMNP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ijaz
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Hasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zia Ullah
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen-518055, China.
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3
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Chen L, Zhang S, Duan Y, Song X, Chang M, Feng W, Chen Y. Silicon-containing nanomedicine and biomaterials: materials chemistry, multi-dimensional design, and biomedical application. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1167-1315. [PMID: 38168612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The invention of silica-based bioactive glass in the late 1960s has sparked significant interest in exploring a wide range of silicon-containing biomaterials from the macroscale to the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, these biomaterials have been extensively explored for their potential in diverse biomedical applications, considering their remarkable bioactivity, excellent biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, controllable synthesis, etc. However, to expedite the clinical translation and the unexpected utilization of silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials, it is highly desirable to achieve a thorough comprehension of their characteristics and biological effects from an overall perspective. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art progress of silicon-composed biomaterials, including their classification, characteristics, fabrication methods, and versatile biomedical applications. Additionally, we highlight the multi-dimensional design of both pure and hybrid silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials and their intrinsic biological effects and interactions with biological systems. Their extensive biomedical applications span from drug delivery and bioimaging to therapeutic interventions and regenerative medicine, showcasing the significance of their rational design and fabrication to meet specific requirements and optimize their theranostic performance. Additionally, we offer insights into the future prospects and potential challenges regarding silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials. By shedding light on these exciting research advances, we aspire to foster further progress in the biomedical field and drive the development of innovative silicon-composed nanomedicine and biomaterials with transformative applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Duan
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Xinran Song
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Meiqi Chang
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
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4
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Guo L, Yang J, Wang H, Yi Y. Multistage Self-Assembled Nanomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2023; 28:7750. [PMID: 38067480 PMCID: PMC10707962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have brought innovations to cancer therapy. Nanoparticle-based anticancer drugs have achieved great success from bench to bedside. However, insufficient therapy efficacy due to various physiological barriers in the body remains a key challenge. To overcome these biological barriers and improve the therapeutic efficacy of cancers, multistage self-assembled nanomaterials with advantages of stimuli-responsiveness, programmable delivery, and immune modulations provide great opportunities. In this review, we describe the typical biological barriers for nanomedicines, discuss the recent achievements of multistage self-assembled nanomaterials for stimuli-responsive drug delivery, highlighting the programmable delivery nanomaterials, in situ transformable self-assembled nanomaterials, and immune-reprogramming nanomaterials. Ultimately, we perspective the future opportunities and challenges of multistage self-assembled nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.G.); (J.Y.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.G.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Yu Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China;
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5
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Ghodasara A, Raza A, Wolfram J, Salomon C, Popat A. Clinical Translation of Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301010. [PMID: 37421185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) occur in a variety of bodily fluids and have gained recent attraction as natural materials due to their bioactive surfaces, internal cargo, and role in intercellular communication. EVs contain various biomolecules, including surface and cytoplasmic proteins; and nucleic acids that are often representative of the originating cells. EVs can transfer content to other cells, a process that is thought to be important for several biological processes, including immune responses, oncogenesis, and angiogenesis. An increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EV biogenesis, composition, and function has led to an exponential increase in preclinical and clinical assessment of EVs for biomedical applications, such as diagnostics and drug delivery. Bacterium-derived EV vaccines have been in clinical use for decades and a few EV-based diagnostic assays regulated under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments have been approved for use in single laboratories. Though, EV-based products are yet to receive widespread clinical approval from national regulatory agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA), many are in late-stage clinical trials. This perspective sheds light on the unique characteristics of EVs, highlighting current clinical trends, emerging applications, challenges and future perspectives of EVs in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Ghodasara
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Department of Research, Postgraduate and Further Education (DIPEC), Falcuty of Health Sciences, University of Alba, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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6
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Amruta A, Iannotta D, Cheetham SW, Lammers T, Wolfram J. Vasculature organotropism in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115054. [PMID: 37591370 PMCID: PMC10693934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand to deliver RNA and protein-based therapeutics. Organ-specific vasculature provides a promising intermediary for site-specific delivery of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles to interstitial cells. Endothelial cells express organ-specific surface marker repertoires that can be used for targeted delivery. This article highlights organ-specific vasculature properties, nanodelivery strategies that exploit vasculature organotropism, and overlooked challenges and opportunities in targeting and simultaneously overcoming the endothelial barrier. Impediments in the clinical translation of vasculature organotropism in drug delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amruta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Manisekaran R, Chettiar ADR, Kandasamy G, Garcia-Contreras R, Acosta-Torres LS. State-of-the-art: MXene structures in nano-oncology. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213354. [PMID: 36842245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine has been investigated widely and boomed in the last two decades, resulting in designing nanostructures with biofunctionalization, giving rise to an "All-in-One" multifunctional platform. The development of rational design technology with extended functionalities brought interdisciplinary researchers to work continuously, aiming to find a prevent or effectively treat the deadly disease of the century. Thus, it led to some Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approving nano-based formulations for cancer treatment and opening a vast area of promising discoveries by exploiting different nanomaterials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently gained tremendous interest among scientists because of their outstanding structural, optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical characteristics. Among various 2D nanomaterials, MXenes are a widely studied nanosystem because of their close similarity to graphene analogs. So, it is synthesized using multiple approaches and exploits their inherited properties. But in most cases, surface functionalization techniques are carried out for targeting, site-specific drug clearance, renal clearance, and biocompatible with healthy cells. Thus, fabricating a multimodal agent for mono or combined therapies is also an image-guided diagnostic agent. This review will explain the recent and emerging advancements of MXenes-based composites as a multifunctional theragnostic agent and discuss the possibilities of transferring laboratory research to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Manisekaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Aruna-Devi Rasu Chettiar
- Facultad de Química, Materiales-Energía, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ganeshlenin Kandasamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rene Garcia-Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37684 León, Mexico
| | - Laura Susana Acosta-Torres
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37684 León, Mexico
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8
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Bruno MC, Cristiano MC, Celia C, d'Avanzo N, Mancuso A, Paolino D, Wolfram J, Fresta M. Injectable Drug Delivery Systems for Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19665-19690. [PMID: 36512378 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide. The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which require chronic treatment focused on symptomatic relief. Conventional drugs administered through systemic or intra-articular routes have low accumulation and/or retention in articular cartilage, causing dose-limiting toxicities and reduced efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop improved strategies for drug delivery, in particular, the use of micro- and nanotechnology-based methods. Encapsulation of therapeutic agents in delivery systems reduces drug efflux from the joint and protects against rapid cellular and enzymatic clearance following intra-articular injection. Consequently, the use of drug delivery systems decreases side effects and increases therapeutic efficacy due to enhanced drug retention in the intra-articular space. Additionally, the frequency of intra-articular administration is reduced, as delivery systems enable sustained drug release. This review summarizes various advanced drug delivery systems, such as nano- and microcarriers, developed for articular cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, I-66100, Italy
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti, I-66100, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceuticals, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto-Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy
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Bahmani L, Ullah M. Different Sourced Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential Applications in Clinical Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131989. [PMID: 35805074 PMCID: PMC9265969 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a heterogeneous group of natural cell-derived nanostructures that are increasingly regarded as promising biotherapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles in human medicine. Desirable intrinsic properties of EVs including the ability to bypass natural membranous barriers and to deliver their unique biomolecular cargo to specific cell populations position them as fiercely competitive alternatives for currently available cell therapies and artificial drug delivery platforms. EVs with distinct characteristics can be released from various cell types into the extracellular environment as a means of transmitting bioactive components and altering the status of the target cell. Despite the existence of a large number of preclinical studies confirming the therapeutic efficacy of different originated EVs for treating several pathological conditions, in this review, we first provide a brief overview of EV biophysical properties with an emphasis on their intrinsic therapeutic benefits over cell-based therapies and synthetic delivery systems. Next, we describe in detail different EVs derived from distinct cell sources, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and recapitulate their therapeutic effects on various human disorders to highlight the progress made in harnessing EVs for clinical applications. Finally, knowledge gaps and concrete hurdles that currently hinder the clinical translation of EV therapies are debated with a futuristic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bahmani
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Kashkooli FM, Rezaeian M, Soltani M. Drug delivery through nanoparticles in solid tumors: a mechanistic understanding. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:695-716. [PMID: 35451315 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, the main goal was to apply a multi-scale computational model in evaluating nano-sized drug-delivery systems, following extracellular drug release, into solid tumors in order to predict treatment efficacy. Methods: The impact of several parameters related to tumor (size, shape, vessel-wall pore size, and necrotic core size) and therapeutic agents (size of nanoparticles, binding affinity of drug, drug release rate from nanoparticles) are examined in detail. Results: This study illustrates that achieving a higher treatment efficacy requires smaller nanoparticles (NPs) or a low binding affinity and drug release rate. Long-term analysis finds that a slow release rate in extracellular space does not always improve treatment efficacy compared with a rapid release rate; NP size as well as binding affinity of drug are also highly influential. Conclusions: The presented methodology can be used as a step forward towards optimization of patient-specific nanomedicine plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Centre for Biotechnology & Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Zhang LY, Yang X, Wang SB, Chen H, Pan HY, Hu ZM. Membrane Derived Vesicles as Biomimetic Carriers for Targeted Drug Delivery System. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2472-2492. [PMID: 32962615 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200922113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles (MVs) playing important roles in various cellular and molecular functions in cell-to-cell signaling and transmitting molecular signals to adjacent as well as distant cells. The preserved cell membrane characteristics in MVs derived from live cells, give them great potential in biological applications. EVs are nanoscale particulates secreted from living cells and play crucial roles in several important cellular functions both in physiological and pathological states. EVs are the main elements in intercellular communication in which they serve as carriers for various endogenous cargo molecules, such as RNAs, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. High tissue tropism capacity that can be conveniently mediated by surface molecules, such as integrins and glycans, is a unique feature of EVs that makes them interesting candidates for targeted drug delivery systems. The cell-derived giant MVs have been exploited as vehicles for delivery of various anticancer agents and imaging probes and for implementing combinational phototherapy for targeted cancer treatment. Giant MVs can efficiently encapsulate therapeutic drugs and deliver them to target cells through the membrane fusion process to synergize photodynamic/photothermal treatment under light exposure. EVs can load diagnostic or therapeutic agents using different encapsulation or conjugation methods. Moreover, to prolong the blood circulation and enhance the targeting of the loaded agents, a variety of modification strategies can be exploited. This paper reviews the EVs-based drug delivery strategies in cancer therapy. Biological, pharmacokinetics and physicochemical characteristics, isolation techniques, engineering, and drug loading strategies of EVs are discussed. The recent preclinical and clinical progresses in applications of EVs and oncolytic virus therapy based on EVs, the clinical challenges and perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun’an
Branch), Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong-Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China,Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
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12
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Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:4251-4303. [PMID: 33934527 PMCID: PMC9542079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens". Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Musa Ozil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Juan Reina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Li J, Zhang W, Gao Y, Tong H, Chen Z, Shi J, Santos HA, Xia B. Near-infrared light and magnetic field dual-responsive porous silicon-based nanocarriers to overcome multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells with enhanced efficiency. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:546-557. [PMID: 31854435 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02340b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug delivery systems based on external stimuli-responsive nanocarriers is important to overcome multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. Herein, iron oxide/gold (Fe3O4/Au) nanoparticles were first fabricated via a simple hydrothermal reaction, and subsequently loaded into porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs) via electrostatic interactions to construct PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocomposites. The as-prepared PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocomposites exhibited excellent super-paramagnetism, photothermal effect, and T2-weight magnetic resonance imaging capability. In particular, with the help of a magnetic field, the cellular uptake of PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocomposites was significantly enhanced in drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Moreover, PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocomposites as carriers showed a high loading and NIR light-triggered release of anticancer drugs. Based on the synergistic effect of magnetic field-enhanced cellular uptake and NIR light-triggered intracellular release, the amount of anticancer drug carried by PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocarriers into the nuclei of drug-resistant breast cancer cells sharply increased, accompanied by improved chemo-photothermal therapeutic efficacy. Finally, PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocomposites under the combined conditions of magnetic field attraction and NIR light irradiation also showed improved anticancer drug penetration and accumulation in three-dimensional multicellular spheroids composed of drug-resistant breast cancer cells, leading to a better growth inhibition effect. Overall, the fabricated PSiNPs@(Fe3O4/Au) nanocomposites demonstrated great potential for the therapy of multidrug-resistant breast cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
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14
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Busatto S, Walker SA, Grayson W, Pham A, Tian M, Nesto N, Barklund J, Wolfram J. Lipoprotein-based drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:377-390. [PMID: 32791075 PMCID: PMC7747060 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins (LPs) are circulating heterogeneous nanoparticles produced by the liver and intestines. LPs play a major role in the transport of dietary and endogenous lipids to target cells through cell membrane receptors or cell surface-bound lipoprotein lipase. The stability, biocompatibility, and selective transport of LPs make them promising delivery vehicles for various therapeutic and imaging agents. This review discusses isolation, manufacturing, and drug loading techniques used for LP-based drug delivery, as well as recent applications for diagnosis and treatment of cancer, atherosclerosis, and other life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busatto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Sierra A Walker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Whisper Grayson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicole Nesto
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jacqueline Barklund
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Xu Q, Fang M, Zhu J, Dong H, Cao J, Yan L, Leonard F, Oppel F, Sudhoff H, Kaufmann AM, Albers AE, Qian X. Insights into Nanomedicine for Immunotherapeutics in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the head and neck. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2506-2517. [PMID: 32792853 PMCID: PMC7415431 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade benefit only a portion of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The multidisciplinary field of nanomedicine is emerging as a promising strategy to achieve maximal anti-tumor effect in cancer immunotherapy and to turn non-responders into responders. Various methods have been developed to deliver therapeutic agents that can overcome bio-barriers, improve therapeutic delivery into the tumor and lymphoid tissues and reduce adverse effects in normal tissues. Additional modification strategies also have been employed to improve targeting and boost cytotoxic T cell-based immune responses. Here, we review the state-of-the-art use of nanotechnologies in the laboratory, in advanced preclinical phases as well as those running through clinical trials assessing their advantages and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haoru Dong
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fransisca Leonard
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, USA
| | - Felix Oppel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas M Kaufmann
- Clinic for Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas E Albers
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hangzhou, P.R. China
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16
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Parra-Nieto J, Del Cid MAG, de Cárcer IA, Baeza A. Inorganic Porous Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Antitumoral Therapy. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000150. [PMID: 32476279 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles in oncology to deliver chemotherapeutic agents has received considerable attention in the last decades due to their tendency to be passively accumulated in solid tumors. Besides this remarkable property, the surface of these nanocarriers can be decorated with targeting moieties capable to recognize malignant cells which lead to selective nanoparticle uptake mainly in the diseased cells, without affecting the healthy ones. Among the different nanocarriers which have been developed with this purpose, inorganic porous nanomaterials constitute some of the most interesting due to their unique properties such as excellent cargo capacity, high biocompatibility and chemical, thermal and mechanical robustness, among others. Additionally, these materials can be engineered to present an exquisite control in the drug release behavior placing stimuli-responsive pore-blockers or sensitive hybrid coats on their surface. Herein, the recent advances developed in the use of porous inorganic nanomedicines will be described in order to provide an overview of their huge potential in the look out of an efficient and safe therapy against this complex disease. Porous inorganic nanoparticles have been designed to be accumulated in tumoral tissues; once there to recognize the target cell and finally, to release their payload in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Parra-Nieto
- Dpto. Materiales y Producción Aeroespacial, ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María Amor García Del Cid
- Dpto. Materiales y Producción Aeroespacial, ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Iñigo Aguirre de Cárcer
- Dpto. Materiales y Producción Aeroespacial, ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Alejandro Baeza
- Dpto. Materiales y Producción Aeroespacial, ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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17
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Cevenini A, Celia C, Orrù S, Sarnataro D, Raia M, Mollo V, Locatelli M, Imperlini E, Peluso N, Peltrini R, De Rosa E, Parodi A, Del Vecchio L, Di Marzio L, Fresta M, Netti PA, Shen H, Liu X, Tasciotti E, Salvatore F. Liposome-Embedding Silicon Microparticle for Oxaliplatin Delivery in Tumor Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060559. [PMID: 32560359 PMCID: PMC7355455 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silicon microparticles (MSMPs) can incorporate drug-carrying nanoparticles (NPs) into their pores. An NP-loaded MSMP is a multistage vector (MSV) that forms a Matryoshka-like structure that protects the therapeutic cargo from degradation and prevents its dilution in the circulation during delivery to tumor cells. We developed an MSV constituted by 1 µm discoidal MSMPs embedded with PEGylated liposomes containing oxaliplatin (oxa) which is a therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer (CRC). To obtain extra-small liposomes able to fit the 60 nm pores of MSMP, we tested several liposomal formulations, and identified two optimal compositions, with a prevalence of the rigid lipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]. To improve the MSV assembly, we optimized the liposome-loading inside the MSMP and achieved a five-fold increase of the payload using an innovative lyophilization approach. This procedure also increased the load and limited dimensional changes of the liposomes released from the MSV in vitro. Lastly, we found that the cytotoxic efficacy of oxa-loaded liposomes and-oxa-liposome-MSV in CRC cell culture was similar to that of free oxa. This study increases knowledge about extra-small liposomes and their loading into porous materials and provides useful hints about alternative strategies for designing drug-encapsulating NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Cevenini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annuzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.D.M.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Stefania Orrù
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, 80143 Napoli, Italy; (E.I.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Sarnataro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Italian Institute of Technology@CRIB Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annuzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.D.M.)
| | | | - Nicoletta Peluso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Rosa Peltrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- IRCCS SDN, 80143 Napoli, Italy; (E.I.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annuzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Italian Institute of Technology@CRIB Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (P.A.N.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.D.R.); (H.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.); (N.P.); (R.P.); (L.D.V.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.O.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (F.S.)
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18
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Russell LM, Liu CH, Grodzinski P. Nanomaterials innovation as an enabler for effective cancer interventions. Biomaterials 2020; 242:119926. [PMID: 32169771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines have been developing very rapidly and have started to play a significant role in several cancer therapeutic modalities. Early on, the nanomedicine field focused on optimizing pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and/or biodistribution of an agent through nanoparticle formulation. In other cases, where materials science is employed more decisively, nanomedicine can include the creation of new agents that take advantage of nanoscale materials properties to enhance treatment efficacy through unique mode of action, molecular targeting, or controlled drug release. Both current and future nanomedicines will seek to contribute to the therapeutic and diagnostic landscape through creative leveraging of mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, and biological nanomaterial properties. In this work, we discuss how by modulating these material properties, one can design more diverse and more effective cancer interventions. We focus on six areas in cancer management, including in vitro diagnostics, clinical imaging, theranostics, combination therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Russell
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina H Liu
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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19
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Wirthl B, Kremheller J, Schrefler BA, Wall WA. Extension of a multiphase tumour growth model to study nanoparticle delivery to solid tumours. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228443. [PMID: 32023318 PMCID: PMC7001947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in increasing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics is the fact that they do not reach cancerous cells at a sufficiently high dosage. In order to remedy this deficiency, nanoparticle-based drugs have evolved as a promising novel approach to more specific tumour targeting. Nevertheless, several biophysical phenomena prevent the sufficient penetration of nanoparticles in order to target the entire tumour. We therefore extend our vascular multiphase tumour growth model, enabling it to investigate the influence of different biophysical factors on the distribution of nanoparticles in the tumour microenvironment. The novel model permits the examination of the interplay between the size of vessel-wall pores, the permeability of the blood-vessel endothelium and the lymphatic drainage on the delivery of particles of different sizes. Solid tumours develop a non-perfused core and increased interstitial pressure. Our model confirms that those two typical features of solid tumours limit nanoparticle delivery. Only in case of small nanoparticles is the transport dominated by diffusion, and particles can reach the entire tumour. The size of the vessel-wall pores and the permeability of the blood-vessel endothelium have a major impact on the amount of delivered nanoparticles. This extended in-silico tumour growth model permits the examination of the characteristics and of the limitations of nanoparticle delivery to solid tumours, which currently complicate the translation of nanoparticle therapy to a clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wirthl
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Johannes Kremheller
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Bernhard A. Schrefler
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching b. München, Germany
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Wolfgang A. Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching b. München, Germany
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20
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Silkina EF, Molotilin TY, Maduar SR, Vinogradova OI. Ionic equilibria and swelling of soft permeable particles in electrolyte solutions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:929-938. [PMID: 31815270 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01602c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We discuss osmotic equilibria between soft permeable particles, of radius R and volume charge density ρ, and bulk electrolyte solutions of inverse Debye length κ. Existing models are based on a simplified assumption of weakly charged particles. Here we derive analytical approximations for the distribution of potentials, ions and pressure in a system, suitable even when ρ is quite large. Our theory is valid not only for "large" particles (κR≫ 1), where the central part is fully screened, but also for weakly screened "small" particles (κR≤ 1) with overlapping inner diffuse layers. Besides, we present novel coarse-grained simulations to validate the analysis and illustrate the variation of potential/ion profiles in response to changes in κR and ρ. Our simulations also allow us to argue that swelling of both "large" and "small" particles is uniform, although their inner non-uniform local pressure profiles are essentially and qualitatively different. These results are directly relevant for a variety of permeable charged objects, from polymer micro- and nanogels to more rigid porous colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Silkina
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Taras Y Molotilin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Salim R Maduar
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga I Vinogradova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia. and Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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21
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Le NT, Akkaraju GR, Coffer JL. Formation of Platinum Nanocrystals on Silicon Nanotubes and Corresponding Anti-Cancer Activity in Vitro. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:208-216. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T. Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Giridhar R. Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Jeffery L. Coffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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Zhang D, Wu HJ, Zhou X, Qi R, Xu L, Guo Y, Liu X. Enhanced thermal effect of plasmonic nanostructures confined in discoidal porous silicon particles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30840-30847. [PMID: 35516029 PMCID: PMC9056356 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03379k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of plasmonic nanostructures could have many exciting applications since it enhances or provides valuable control over efficient energy conversion. A three-dimensional (3D) space is a realistic hotspot matrix harvesting a wide conversion that has been shown in zero-dimensional nanoparticles, one-dimensional linear structures, or two-dimensional films. A novel 3D plasmonic nanostructure platform consisting of plasmonic metal nanoparticles in discoidal porous silicon particles is used in this study. Plasmonic gold nanoparticles are anchored inside the discoidal porous silicon (DPS) particles by in situ reduction synthesis. The novel plasmonic nanostructures can tailor the plasmon band and overcome the instability of photothermal materials. The “trapping well” for the anchored nanoparticles in 3D space can result in a huge change of plasmonic band of metal nanoparticles to the near-IR region in a novel 3D geometry. A multifunctional scaffold, Au–DPS particle, composed of doxorubicin conjugated to poly-(l-glutamic acid) (pDOX), was developed for combinatorial chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. The therapeutic efficacy was examined in treatment of the A549 cell line under near-IR laser irradiation. The highly efficient photothermal conversion can also be demonstrated in the laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection analysis. The limit of detection was obviously improved in the detection of angiotensin II, P14R, and ACTH fragments 18-39 peptides. Overall, we envision that Au–DPS particles may be used in ultrasensitive theranostics in the future. A 3D plasmonic nanostructure with a tunable plasmon resonance band to the near IR region enabled ultrasensitive theranostics for enhanced thermal effect.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- The Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Hung-jen Wu
- Department of Nanomedicine
- Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Houston
- USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Nanomedicine
- Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Houston
- USA
| | - Ruogu Qi
- Department of Nanomedicine
- Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Houston
- USA
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- The Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering
- The Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine
- Houston Methodist Research Institute
- Houston
- USA
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Walker S, Busatto S, Pham A, Tian M, Suh A, Carson K, Quintero A, Lafrence M, Malik H, Santana MX, Wolfram J. Extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Theranostics 2019; 9:8001-8017. [PMID: 31754377 PMCID: PMC6857056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring cell-secreted nanoparticles that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. EVs enable intercellular communication by serving as delivery vehicles for a wide range of endogenous cargo molecules, such as RNAs, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. EVs have also been found to display tissue tropism mediated by surface molecules, such as integrins and glycans, making them promising for drug delivery applications. Various methods can be used to load therapeutic agents into EVs, and additional modification strategies have been employed to prolong circulation and improve targeting. This review gives an overview of EV-based drug delivery strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Walker
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Annie Suh
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Kelsey Carson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Astrid Quintero
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Maria Lafrence
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hanna Malik
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Moises X. Santana
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Nizzero S, Li F, Zhang G, Venuta A, Borsoi C, Mai J, Shen H, Wolfram J, Li Z, Blanco E, Ferrari M. Systematic comparison of methods for determining the in vivo biodistribution of porous nanostructured injectable inorganic particles. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:501-512. [PMID: 31386927 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With a wide variety of biodistribution measurement techniques reported in the literature, it is important to perform side-by-side comparisons of results obtained with different methods on the same particle platform, to determine differences across methods, highlight advantages and disadvantages, and inform methods selection according to specific applications. Inorganic nanostructured particles (INPs) have gained a central role in the development of injectable delivery vectors thanks to their controllable design, biocompatibility, and favorable degradation kinetic. Thus, accurate determination of in vivo biodistribution of INPs is a key aspect of developing and optimizing this class of delivery vectors. In this study, a systematic comparison of spectroscopy (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy), fluorescence (in vivo imaging system, confocal microscopy, and plate reader), and radiolabeling (gamma counter)-based techniques is performed to assess the accuracy and sensitivity of biodistribution measurements in mice. Each method is evaluated on porous silicon particles, an established and versatile injectable delivery platform. Biodistribution is evaluated in all major organs and compared in terms of absolute results (%ID/g and %ID/organ when possible) and sensitivity (σ%). Finally, we discuss how these results can be extended to inform method selection for other platforms and specific applications, with an outlook to potential benefit for pre-clinical and clinical studies. Overall, this study presents a new practical guide for selection of in vivo biodistribution methods that yield quantitative results. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of this work lies in the use of a single platform to test performances of different biodistribution methods in vivo, with a strict quantitative metric. These results, united with the qualitative comparison of advantages and disadvantages of each technique, are aimed at supporting the rational choice of each different method according to the specific application, to improve the quantitative description of biodistribution results that will be published by others in the future.
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Abstract
Most clinically approved drugs (primarily small molecules or antibodies) are rapidly cleared from circulation and distribute throughout the body. As a consequence, only a small portion of the dose accumulates at the target site, leading to low efficacy and adverse side effects. Therefore, new delivery strategies are necessary to increase organ and tissue-specific delivery of therapeutic agents. Nanoparticles provide a promising approach for prolonging the circulation time and improving the biodistribution of drugs. However, nanoparticles display several limitations, such as clearance by the immune systems and impaired diffusion in the tissue microenvironment. To overcome common nanoparticle limitations various functionalization and targeting strategies have been proposed. This review will discuss synthetic nanoparticle and extracellular vesicle delivery strategies that exploit organ-specific features to enhance drug accumulation at the target site.
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Paolini MS, Fenton OS, Bhattacharya C, Andresen JL, Langer R. Polymers for extended-release administration. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Nanotechnology offers new solutions for the development of cancer therapeutics that display improved efficacy and safety. Although several nanotherapeutics have received clinical approval, the most promising nanotechnology applications for patients still lie ahead. Nanoparticles display unique transport, biological, optical, magnetic, electronic, and thermal properties that are not apparent on the molecular or macroscale, and can be utilized for therapeutic purposes. These characteristics arise because nanoparticles are in the same size range as the wavelength of light and display large surface area to volume ratios. The large size of nanoparticles compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents or biological macromolecule drugs also enables incorporation of several supportive components in addition to active pharmaceutical ingredients. These components can facilitate solubilization, protection from degradation, sustained release, immunoevasion, tissue penetration, imaging, targeting, and triggered activation. Nanoparticles are also processed differently in the body compared to conventional drugs. Specifically, nanoparticles display unique hemodynamic properties and biodistribution profiles. Notably, the interactions that occur at the bio-nano interface can be exploited for improved drug delivery. This review discusses successful clinically approved cancer nanodrugs as well as promising candidates in the pipeline. These nanotherapeutics are categorized according to whether they predominantly exploit multifunctionality, unique electromagnetic properties, or distinct transport characteristics in the body. Moreover, future directions in nanomedicine such as companion diagnostics, strategies for modifying the microenvironment, spatiotemporal nanoparticle transitions, and the use of extracellular vesicles for drug delivery are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
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28
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Xia B, Zhang W, Tong H, Li J, Chen Z, Shi J. Multifunctional Chitosan/Porous Silicon@Au Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Long-Term and Repeatedly Localized Combinatorial Therapy of Cancer via a Single Injection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1857-1867. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Haibei Tong
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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29
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Li K, Xiao G, Richardson JJ, Tardy BL, Ejima H, Huang W, Guo J, Liao X, Shi B. Targeted Therapy against Metastatic Melanoma Based on Self-Assembled Metal-Phenolic Nanocomplexes Comprised of Green Tea Catechin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801688. [PMID: 30886799 PMCID: PMC6402403 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The targeted therapy of metastatic melanoma is an important yet challenging goal that has received only limited attention to date. Herein, green tea polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and lanthanide metal ions (Sm3+) are used as building blocks to engineer self-assembled SmIII-EGCG nanocomplexes with synergistically enhanced tumor inhibitory properties. These nanocomplexes have negligible systemic toxic effects on healthy cells but cause a significant reduction in the viability of melanoma cells by efficiently regulating their metabolic pathways. Moreover, the wound-induced migration of melanoma cells can be efficiently inhibited by SmIII-EGCG, which is a key criterion for metastatic melanoma therapy. In a mouse melanoma tumor model, SmIII-EGCG is directly compared with a clinical anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil and shows remarkable tumor inhibition. Moreover, the targeted therapy of SmIII-EGCG is shown to prevent metastatic lung melanoma from spreading to main organs with no adverse side effects on the body weight or organs. These in vivo results demonstrate significant advantages of SmIII-EGCG over its clinical counterpart. The results suggest that these green tea-based, self-assembled nanocomplexes possess all of the key traits of a clinically promising candidate to address the challenges associated with the treatment of advanced stage metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
- Laboratory of EthnopharmacologyRegenerative Medicine Research CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Gao Xiao
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringCollege of Environment and ResourcesFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Joseph J. Richardson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsSchool of Chemical EngineeringAalto UniversityP. O. Box 1630000076Finland
| | - Hirotaka Ejima
- Department of Materials EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of EthnopharmacologyRegenerative Medicine Research CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Junling Guo
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather ManufactureSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
| | - Xuepin Liao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather ManufactureSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
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Pelt J, Busatto S, Ferrari M, Thompson EA, Mody K, Wolfram J. Chloroquine and nanoparticle drug delivery: A promising combination. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:43-49. [PMID: 29932886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinically approved cancer therapies include small molecules, antibodies, and nanoparticles. There has been major progress in the treatment of several cancer types over recent decades. However, many challenges remain for optimal use of conventional and nanoparticle-based therapies in oncology including poor drug delivery, rapid clearance, and drug resistance. The antimalarial agent chloroquine has been found to mitigate some of these challenges by modulating cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment. Particularly, chloroquine was recently found to reduce immunological clearance of nanoparticles by resident macrophages in the liver, leading to increased tumor accumulation of nanodrugs. Additionally, chloroquine has been shown to improve drug delivery and efficacy through normalization of tumor vasculature and suppression of several oncogenic and stress-tolerance pathways, such as autophagy, that protect cancer cells from cytotoxic agents. This review will discuss the use of chloroquine as combination therapy to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Pelt
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25133, Italy.
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - E Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Li W, Liu Z, Fontana F, Ding Y, Liu D, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Tailoring Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications: From Drug Delivery to Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703740. [PMID: 29534311 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, porous silicon (PSi) has attracted increasing attention for its potential biomedical applications. With its controllable geometry, tunable nanoporous structure, large pore volume/high specific surface area, and versatile surface chemistry, PSi shows significant advantages over conventional drug carriers. Here, an overview of recent progress in the use of PSi in drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy is presented. First, an overview of the fabrication of PSi with various geometric structures is provided, with particular focus on how the unique geometry of PSi facilitates its biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. Second, surface chemistry and modification of PSi are discussed in relation to the strengthening of its performance in drug delivery and bioimaging. Emerging technologies for engineering PSi-based composites are then summarized. Emerging PSi advances in the context of cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. Overall, very promising research results encourage further exploration of PSi for biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy, and future translation of PSi into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yaping Ding
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dongfei Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni T Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Lai Y, Thompson JR, Dasog M. Metallothermic Reduction of Silica Nanoparticles to Porous Silicon for Drug Delivery Using New and Existing Reductants. Chemistry 2018; 24:7913-7920. [PMID: 29569356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of metals (Mg, Al, and Ca) and reaction conditions (time, temperature, and metal grain size) on the metallothermic reduction of Stöber silica nanoparticles (NPs) to form porous Si has been explored. Mg metal was found to be an effective reducing agent even at temperatures below its melting point; however, it also induced a high degree of structural damage and morphology change. Al was effective in reducing silica NPs only at its melting point or above, but the resulting particles retained a higher degree of structural morphology as compared to those reduced using Mg. Ca was found to be ineffective in reducing silica. A new reductant, a mixture of 70 % Mg and 30 % Al, was found to induce the least amount of morphology change, and the reactions proceeded at a temperature (450 °C) lower than those required with Mg or Al individually. Furthermore, porous Si NPs obtained using Mg, Al, and the mixture of 70 % Mg and 30 % Al as reductants have been investigated as carriers for ibuprofen loading and release. Porous Si obtained from reductions with Mg and the Mg/Al mixture showed higher drug loading and a sustained drug release profile, whereas porous Si obtained from Al reduction had lower loading and showed a conventional release profile over 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Thompson
- Division of Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mita Dasog
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, Canada
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De Marco ML, Semlali S, Korgel BA, Barois P, Drisko GL, Aymonier C. Herausforderungen bei der Synthese siliciumbasierter dielektrischer Metamaterialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanaa Semlali
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026 33600 Pessac Frankreich
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Philippe Barois
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031 33600 Pessac Frankreich
| | - Glenna L. Drisko
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026 33600 Pessac Frankreich
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026 33600 Pessac Frankreich
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Co-loading of photothermal agents and anticancer drugs into porous silicon nanoparticles with enhanced chemo-photothermal therapeutic efficacy to kill multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:291-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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35
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De Marco ML, Semlali S, Korgel BA, Barois P, Drisko GL, Aymonier C. Silicon‐Based Dielectric Metamaterials: Focus on the Current Synthetic Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4478-4498. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanaa Semlali
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026 33600 Pessac France
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Philippe Barois
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Glenna L. Drisko
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026 33600 Pessac France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026 33600 Pessac France
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Wolfram J, Nizzero S, Liu H, Li F, Zhang G, Li Z, Shen H, Blanco E, Ferrari M. A chloroquine-induced macrophage-preconditioning strategy for improved nanodelivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13738. [PMID: 29062065 PMCID: PMC5653759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific localization is critical for improving the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for localized drug delivery. However, over 90% of systemically injected nanocarriers typically accumulate in the liver and spleen due to resident macrophages that form the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this study, the clinically approved antimalarial agent chloroquine was shown to reduce nanoparticle uptake in macrophages by suppressing endocytosis. Pretreatment of mice with a clinically relevant dose of chloroquine substantially decreased the accumulation of liposomes and silicon particles in the mononuclear phagocyte system and improved tumoritropic and organotropic delivery. The novel use of chloroquine as a macrophage-preconditioning agent presents a straightforward approach for addressing a major barrier in nanomedicine. Moreover, this priming strategy has broad applicability for improving the biodistribution and performance of particulate delivery systems. Ultimately, this study defines a paradigm for the combined use of macrophage-modulating agents with nanotherapeutics for improved site-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Sara Nizzero
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Mu S, Li G, Liang Y, Wu T, Ma D. Hyperbranched polyglycerol-modified graphene oxide as an efficient drug carrier with good biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:639-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhai Y, Su J, Ran W, Zhang P, Yin Q, Zhang Z, Yu H, Li Y. Preparation and Application of Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Theranostics 2017; 7:2575-2592. [PMID: 28819448 PMCID: PMC5558554 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Many treatments have been developed so far, although effective, suffer from severe side effects due to low selectivity. Nanoparticles can improve the therapeutic index of their delivered drugs by specifically transporting them to tumors. However, their exogenous nature usually leads to fast clearance by mononuclear phagocytic system. Recently, cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles have been investigated for cancer therapy, taking advantages of excellent biocompatibility and versatile functionality of cell membranes. In this review, we summarized source materials and procedures that have been used for constructing and characterizing biomimetic nanoparticles with a focus on their application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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