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Qiu Q, Fu F, Wu Y, Han C, Pu W, Wen L, Xia Q, Du D. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its anthraquinone derivatives: Potential candidates for pancreatitis treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155708. [PMID: 38733906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatitis is a common exocrine inflammatory disease of the pancreas and lacks specific medication currently. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RR) and its anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) have been successively reported for their pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms in experimental and clinical pancreatitis. However, an overview of the anti-pancreatitis potential of RR and its AQs is limited. PURPOSE To summarize and analyze the pharmacological effects of RR and its AQs on pancreatitis and the underlying mechanisms, and discuss their drug-like properties and future perspectives. METHODS The articles related to RR and its AQs were collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, PubMed, and the Web of Science using relevant keywords from the study's inception until April first, 2024. Studies involving RR or its AQs in cell or animal pancreatitis models as well as structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and clinical trials were included. RESULTS Most experimental studies are based on severe acute pancreatitis rat models and a few on chronic pancreatitis. Several bioactive anthraquinone derivatives of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RRAQs) exert local protective effects on the pancreas by maintaining pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis, inhibiting inflammatory signaling, and anti-fibrosis, and they improve systemic organ function by alleviating intestinal and lung injury. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies have revealed the low bioavailability and wide distribution of RRAQs, as well as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, there is insufficient research on the clinical application of RRAQs in pancreatitis. Furthermore, we propose effective strategies for subsequent improvement in terms of balancing effectiveness and safety. CONCLUSION RRAQs can be developed as either candidate drugs or novel lead structures for pancreatitis treatment. The comprehensive review of RR and its AQs provides references for optimizing drugs, developing therapies, and conducting future studies on pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yaling Wu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Chenxia Han
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomarker Discovery and Validation, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine (PUMCH), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dan Du
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China.
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Shen F, Yang W, Luan G, Peng J, Li Z, Gao J, Hou Y, Bai G. Catalpolaglycone disrupts mitochondrial thermogenesis by specifically binding to a conserved lysine residue of UCP2 on the proton leak tunnel. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155356. [PMID: 38241920 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catalpol (CAT), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside sourced from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, affects mitochondrial metabolic functions. However, the mechanism of action of CAT against pyrexia and its plausible targets remain to be fully elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the specific targets of CAT for blocking mitochondrial thermogenesis and to unveil the unique biological mechanism of action of the orthogonal binding mode between the hemiacetal group and lysine residue on the target protein in vivo. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced fever models were established to evaluate the potential antipyretic effects of CAT. An alkenyl-modified CAT probe was designed to identify and capture potential targets. Binding capacity was tested using in-gel imaging and a cellular thermal shift assay. The underlying antipyretic mechanisms were explored using biochemical and molecular biological methods. Catalpolaglycone (CA) was coupled with protein profile identification and molecular docking analysis to evaluate and identify its binding mode to UCP2. RESULTS After deglycation of CAT in vivo, the hemiacetal group in CA covalently binds to Lys239 of UCP2 in the mitochondria of the liver via an ɛ-amine nucleophilic addition. This irreversible binding affects proton leakage and improves mitochondrial membrane potential and ADP/ATP transformation efficiency, leading to an antipyretic effect. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential role of CA in modulating UCP2 activity or function within the mitochondria and open new avenues for investigating the therapeutic effects of CA on mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Guoqing Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Zhenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
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Mao X, Xu DQ, Yue SJ, Fu RJ, Zhang S, Tang YP. Potential Medicinal Value of Rhein for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:951-960. [PMID: 36607584 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of mortality among diabetic patients. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, it has become a major concern around the world. The therapeutic effect of clinical use of drugs is far from expected, and therapy choices to slow the progression of DKD remain restricted. Therefore, research on new drugs and treatments for DKD has been a hot topic in the medical field. It has been found that rhein has the potential to target the pathogenesis of DKD and has a wide range of pharmacological effects on DKD, such as anti-nephritis, decreasing blood glucose, controlling blood lipids and renal protection. In recent years, the medical value of rhein in the treatment of diabetes, DKD and renal disease has gradually attracted worldwide attention, especially its potential in the treatment of DKD. Currently, DKD can only be treated with medications from a single symptom and are accompanied by adverse effects, while rhein improves DKD with a multi-pathway and multi-target approach. Therefore, this paper reviews the therapeutic effects of rhein on DKD, and proposes solutions to the limitations of rhein itself, in order to provide valuable references for the clinical application of rhein in DKD and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
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Li X, Lin Z, Wang P, Zhou C, Xu J, Lin J, Lin D, Zhang D. Tetramethylpyrazine-Rhein Derivative inhibits the migration of canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma cells by mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis and cadherins downregulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114731. [PMID: 37086510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (CIMC) has a high incidence of metastasis, high lethality, and poor prognosis, which needs novel adjuvant agents. Tetramethylpyrazine-Rhein Derivative (TRD) has been shown to have antitumor activity, which is a potential research direction for CIMC. PURPOSE This study evaluated the efficacy of TRD on CIMC in vitro and in vivo, and provided possibilities for the application of active compounds in traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS In vitro, TRD cytotoxicity was measured with CCK-8. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscope were used to detect the cell cycle, cell death, and changes in mitochondria. Wound-healing assay, cell invasion assay, and scanning electron microscope were used to evaluate the suppression of cell migration and invasion. Expression changes were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. In vivo, the lung metastasis models were randomly divided into control, low-dose TRD, high-dose TRD, and positive groups. Each group was administered orally once a day for 18 days and took in vivo imaging photos. RESULTS The IC50 of TRD in CHMp and MDCK were 42.59 and 79.37 μM, respectively. TRD mediated cell apoptosis by mitochondrial damage and caused S and G2/M phase arrest by downregulating cyclin B1. Moreover, TRD reduced filopodia and inhibited cell migration by downregulating cadherins. In CIMC lung metastasis models, TRD could effectively inhibit tumor growth (P < 0.001) in the lungs without significant toxicity. CONCLUSION TRD showed potential activity to inhibit CIMC lung metastasis with multi-target and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zixiang Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Chaoyu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Degui Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zhang F, Wu R, Liu Y, Dai S, Xue X, Li Y, Gong X. Nephroprotective and nephrotoxic effects of Rhubarb and their molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114297. [PMID: 36716659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb, in the form of a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have demonstrated that Rhubarb possesses a good nephroprotective effect, which primarily protects the kidneys from fibrosis, oxidation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, studies have shown that the long-term inappropriate use of Rhubarb may cause damage to renal function. Therefore, how to correctly understand and scientifically evaluate the pharmacodynamics and toxicity of Rhubarb with regard to CKD is a scientific question that urgently needs to be answered. In this review, we explain and illustrate how Rhubarb exerts its nephroprotective effect against CKD. We also describe the mechanisms of action that may cause its nephrotoxicity. Valuable and practical clinical guidance is proposed with regard to methods for mitigating the nephrotoxicity of Rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Deng T, Du J, Yin Y, Cao B, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Yang M, Han J. Rhein for treating diabetes mellitus: A pharmacological and mechanistic overview. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1106260. [PMID: 36699072 PMCID: PMC9868719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With the extension of life expectancy and changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Rheum palmatum L. a natural botanical medicine, has been used for thousands of years to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus in Eastern countries. Rhein, the main active component of rhubarb, is a 1, 8-dihydroxy anthraquinone derivative. Previous studies have extensively explored the clinical application of rhein. However, a comprehensive review of the antidiabetic effects of rhein has not been conducted. This review summarizes studies published over the past decade on the antidiabetic effects of rhein, covering the biological characteristics of Rheum palmatum L. and the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics of rhein. The review demonstrates that rhein can prevent and treat diabetes mellitus by ameliorating insulin resistance, possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties, and protect islet cells, thus providing a theoretical basis for the application of rhein as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxin Du
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baorui Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Meina Yang, ; Jinxiang Han,
| | - Jinxiang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Meina Yang, ; Jinxiang Han,
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Lv L, Zhai X, Wu G, Qi X, Dong D, Tao X. Research Progress on the Positive and Negative Regulatory Effects of Rhein on the Kidney: A Review of Its Molecular Targets. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196572. [PMID: 36235108 PMCID: PMC9573519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered to be the leading public health problems with gradually increasing incidence rates around the world. Rhein is a monomeric component of anthraquinone isolated from rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine. It has anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-bacterial and other pharmacological activities, as well as a renal protective effects. Rhein exerts its nephroprotective effects mainly through decreasing hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic, playing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects and regulating drug-transporters. However, the latest studies show that rhein also has potential kidney toxicity in case of large dosages and long use times. The present review highlights rhein's molecular targets and its different effects on the kidney based on the available literature and clarifies that rhein regulates the function of the kidney in a positive and negative way. It will be helpful to conduct further studies on how to make full use of rhein in the kidney and to avoid kidney damage so as to make it an effective kidney protection drug.
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Rao J, Peng T, Li N, Wang Y, Yan C, Wang K, Qiu F. Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines - a challenge for clinical application. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:757-778. [PMID: 36815678 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have long been considered safe and effective without serious toxic and side effects. With the continuous use of HMs, more and more attention has been paid to adverse reactions and toxic events, especially the nephrotoxicity caused by natural compounds in HMs. The composition of HMs is complex and various, especially the mechanism of toxic components has been a difficult and hot topic. This review comprehensively summarizes the kidney toxicity characterization and mechanism of nephrotoxic natural compounds (organic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cytotoxic proteins, and minerals) from different sources. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of HMs-induced kidney injury were provided. In vitro and in vivo models for evaluating nephrotoxicity and the latest biomarkers are also included in this investigation. More broadly, this review may provide theoretical basis for safety evaluation and further comprehensive development and utilization of HMs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ting Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Caiqin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Feng C, Anger EE, Zhang X, Su S, Su C, Zhao S, Yu F, Li J. Protective Effects of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 against Aristolochic Acid I-Induced Toxicity in HK-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073674. [PMID: 35409033 PMCID: PMC8998172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AA I) is one of the most abundant and toxic aristolochic acids that is reported to cause Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). This paper was designed to assess whether mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2), which plays an antioxidative and antiapoptotic role, could protect human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells from toxicity induced by AA I. In this study, HK-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of AA I with or without UCP2 inhibitor (genipin). To upregulate the expression of UCP2 in HK-2 cells, UCP2-DNA transfection was performed. The cell viability was evaluated by colorimetric method using MTT. A series of related biological events such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of AA I with genipin group was much higher than that of AA I alone. Genipin dramatically boosted oxidative stress and exacerbated AA I-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the increased expression of UCP2 can reduce the toxicity of AA I on HK-2 cells and upregulation of UCP2 expression can reduce AA I-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. In conclusion, UCP2 might be a potential target for alleviating AA I-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Nandi S, Adhikary A, Acharya K. Anti-cancer effect of astrakurkurol from a folklore tribal mushroom on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via mediating cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis, and migration. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14021. [PMID: 34811765 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Astraeus hygrometricus extensively been utilized by tribal people for long time. A triterpene, astrakurkurol has been isolated from A. hygrometricus but anticancer effect of this novel triterpene has imperceptibly been investigated. Motive of this research was to scrutinize its underlying apoptotic mechanism in HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated a selective effect of astrakurkurol with towering influence in HepG2 than Thle2 cells. The exposure of these triterpene-induced marked apoptotic morphological changes enhanced the rate of cell apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at G0/G1. Furthermore, these results are aided by decline in the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL with an increase in the expression of p53, Bax, Fas, FADD together with the activation of caspase cascade. Astrakurkurol also displayed a remarkable anti-migratory capacity at a lower concentration. Altogether, studies explained anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migratory efficacy of astrakurkurol on HepG2, composing a gripping challenge in the advancement of novel treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mushrooms, the minuscule pharmaceutical factory, bear hundreds of novel elements with incredible biological attributes. Triterpenoids from mushrooms has been proven to bear potentials of curing cancer. This study highlights the cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of novel triterpene in vitro in HepG2 cell, an HCC cell line. Astrakurkurol mediated cell death via both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling. Utilization of astrakurkurol will provide a non-toxic substitute of chemotherapy and also uplift the value of forsaken taxon, Astraeus and boost the rural acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Yang J, Wang S, Zhang T, Sun Y, Han L, Banahene PO, Wang Q. Predicting the potential toxicity of 26 components in Cassiae semen using in silico and in vitro approaches. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:237-245. [PMID: 34345866 PMCID: PMC8320615 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of in silico and in vitro methods was applied. The potential toxicity of 26 components isolated from Cassiae semen is predicted. Six compounds were predicted toxic to liver & ten compounds toxic to kidney. Special anthraquinones and anthraquinone-glucosides are potential toxicants. Specific group of anthraquinones influences hepatic or renal cytotoxicity.
Cassiae semen are dried and ripe seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. or Cassia tora L. (Fabaceae) and have been made into roasted tea or used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. However, it was reported to result in liver and renal toxicity. The components of Cassiae semen that induce hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity remain unknown. In the present study, we evaluate the potential toxicity of 26 newly isolated compounds from Cassiae semen using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods and co-culture of hepatic and renal cell approaches, and we aim to illustrate the relationship between the structural characteristics and cytotoxicity by general linear models (GLMs). Both the QSAR models and co-culture of hepatic and renal cell systems predicted that 6 compounds were potentially hepatotoxic, 10 compounds were potentially nephrotoxic, and specific anthraquinones and anthraquinone-glucosides were potential toxicants in Cassiae semen. Specific groups such as –OH and –OCH3 at the R1, R2, R3, and R7 positions influenced the cytotoxicity.
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Key Words
- AQ, Anthraquinone
- Anthraquinone
- C. semen, Cassiae semen
- CYP, Cytochrome P450
- Cassiae semen
- GLM, General linear models
- IdMOC system
- IdMOC, Integrated discrete multiple organ co-culture
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- QSAR models
- QSAR, Quantitative structure-activity relationship
- TCM, Traditional Chinese medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Prince Osei Banahene
- Iqvia-west Africa, c/o Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Henamayee S, Banik K, Sailo BL, Shabnam B, Harsha C, Srilakshmi S, VGM N, Baek SH, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Therapeutic Emergence of Rhein as a Potential Anticancer Drug: A Review of Its Molecular Targets and Anticancer Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102278. [PMID: 32408623 PMCID: PMC7288145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second-highest cause of mortality in the world, and it kills nearly 9.6 million people annually. Besides the fatality of the disease, poor prognosis, cost of conventional therapies, and associated side-effects add more burden to patients, post-diagnosis. Therefore, the search for alternatives for the treatment of cancer that are safe, multi-targeted, effective, and cost-effective has compelled us to go back to ancient systems of medicine. Natural herbs and plant formulations are laden with a variety of phytochemicals. One such compound is rhein, which is an anthraquinone derived from the roots of Rheum spp. and Polygonum multiflorum. In ethnomedicine, these plants are used for the treatment of inflammation, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and bacterial and helminthic infections. Increasing evidence suggests that this compound can suppress breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Recent studies have reported that this compound modulates different signaling cascades in cancer cells and can prevent angiogenesis and progression of different types of cancers. The present review highlights the cancer-preventing and therapeutic properties of rhein based on the available literature, which will help to extend further research to establish the chemoprotective and therapeutic roles of rhein compared to other conventional drugs. Future pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies could support this compound as an effective anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahu Henamayee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Bethsebie Lalduhsaki Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Bano Shabnam
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Satti Srilakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER, Guwahati), Assam 781125, India; (S.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Naidu VGM
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER, Guwahati), Assam 781125, India; (S.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea;
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.S.A.); or (A.B.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2316 (K.S.A.)
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (S.H.); (K.B.); (B.L.S.); (B.S.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.A.); or (A.B.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2316 (K.S.A.)
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13
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Cockova Z, Ujcikova H, Telensky P, Novotny J. Protein profiling of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: The effect of rhein. J Biosci 2019; 44:88. [PMID: 31502566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (Rhein) has been shown to have various physiological and pharmacological properties including anticancer activity and modulatory effects on bioenergetics. In this study, we explored the impact of rhein on protein profiling of undifferentiated (UC) and differentiated (DC) SH-SY5Y cells. Besides that, the cellular morphology and expression of differentiation markers were investigated to determine the effect of rhein on retinoic acidinduced neuronal cell differentiation. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry we evaluated the changes in the proteome of both UC and DC SH-SY5Y cells after 24 h treatment with rhein. Validation of selected differentially expressed proteins and the assessment of neuronal differentiation markers were performed by western blotting. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in the abundance of 15 proteins linked to specific cellular processes such as cytoskeleton structure and regulation, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, protein synthesis and neuronal plasticity. We also observed that the addition of rhein to the cultured cells during differentiation resulted in a significantly reduced neurite outgrowth and decreased expression of neuronal markers. These results indicate that rhein may strongly interfere with the differentiation process of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and is capable of inducing marked proteomic changes in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Cockova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Cockova Z, Ujcikova H, Telensky P, Novotny J. Protein profiling of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: The effect of rhein. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Zhang H, Chen ZF, Qi Z, Yan SC, Wei WW, Liu G, Cai Z. Analysis of transcriptional response in zebrafish eleutheroembryos exposed to climbazole: Signaling pathways and potential biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:794-805. [PMID: 30614048 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Climbazole is an antifungal active ingredient used in personal care products. After application this chemical reaches the aquatic environment and may pose a risk to fish. In the present study, we measured the transcriptional effects of essential genes related to a wide range of signaling pathways on zebrafish eleutheroembryos exposed to climbazole at environmentally relevant and predicted worst-case environmental concentrations, and explored the potential biomarkers via partial least squares discriminant analysis. Transcription analysis covering up to 73 genes revealed significant down-regulation of circadian rhythm- and steroidogenesis-related genes in zebrafish embryos and larvae after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of climbazole. This topical antifungal agent also modulated the transcripts of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, oocyte maturation, and sexual differentiation at predicted worst-case environmental concentrations. In addition, mprα, igf3, nr1d1, nr1d2b, cyp19a1a, vtg1, il-1β, and il-8 were chosen as potential biomarkers in embryonic zebrafish following exposure to climbazole. These findings can help us understand the remarkable transcriptional response to climbazole in the early life stage of zebrafish. Future research should elucidate whether the transcriptional modulation translates into metabolic phenotypes associated with the corresponding signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:794-805. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Chao Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China
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Sheik Abdul N, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Fusaric acid induces NRF2 as a cytoprotective response to prevent NLRP3 activation in the liver derived HepG2 cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 55:151-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Chang J, Zhang L, Gu X, Liu L, Li Z, Miao G, Liu X, Liu P, Xue H, Liu C, Fu Q. The rhubarb total free anthraquinone oral colon-specific drug delivery granules: Comparative pharmacokinetics study with rhubarb by UPLC-MS/MS after oral administration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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