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Lei Z, Chen H, Huang S, Wayment LJ, Xu Q, Zhang W. New Advances in Covalent Network Polymers via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7829-7906. [PMID: 38829268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent network polymers, as materials composed of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds in a continuous network, are known for their thermal and chemical stability. Over the past two decades, these materials have undergone significant transformations, gaining properties such as malleability, environmental responsiveness, recyclability, crystallinity, and customizable porosity, enabled by the development and integration of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC). In this review, we explore the innovative realm of covalent network polymers by focusing on the recent advances achieved through the application of DCvC. We start by examining the history and fundamental principles of DCvC, detailing its inception and core concepts and noting its key role in reversible covalent bond formation. Then the reprocessability of covalent network polymers enabled by DCvC is thoroughly discussed, starting from the significant milestones that marked the evolution of these polymers and progressing to their current trends and applications. The influence of DCvC on the crystallinity of covalent network polymers is then reviewed, covering their bond diversity, synthesis techniques, and functionalities. In the concluding section, we address the current challenges faced in the field of covalent network polymers and speculates on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lacey J Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qiucheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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2
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Rohringer S, Grasl C, Ehrmann K, Hager P, Hahn C, Specht SJ, Walter I, Schneider KH, Zopf LM, Baudis S, Liska R, Schima H, Podesser BK, Bergmeister H. Biodegradable, Self-Reinforcing Vascular Grafts for In Situ Tissue Engineering Approaches. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300520. [PMID: 37173073 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinically available small-diameter synthetic vascular grafts (SDVGs) have unsatisfactory patency rates due to impaired graft healing. Therefore, autologous implants are still the gold standard for small vessel replacement. Bioresorbable SDVGs may be an alternative, but many polymers have inadequate biomechanical properties that lead to graft failure. To overcome these limitations, a new biodegradable SDVG is developed to ensure safe use until adequate new tissue is formed. SDVGs are electrospun using a polymer blend composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and a new self-reinforcing TP(U-urea) (TPUU). Biocompatibility is tested in vitro by cell seeding and hemocompatibility tests. In vivo performance is evaluated in rats over a period for up to six months. Autologous rat aortic implants serve as a control group. Scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography (µCT), histology, and gene expression analyses are applied. TPU/TPUU grafts show significant improvement of biomechanical properties after water incubation and exhibit excellent cyto- and hemocompatibility. All grafts remain patent, and biomechanical properties are sufficient despite wall thinning. No inflammation, aneurysms, intimal hyperplasia, or thrombus formation are observed. Evaluation of graft healing shows similar gene expression profiles of TPU/TPUU and autologous conduits. These new biodegradable, self-reinforcing SDVGs may be promising candidates for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rohringer
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Grasl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Pia Hager
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Clemens Hahn
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sophie J Specht
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Karl H Schneider
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Heinrich Schima
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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3
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Liu W, Yang S, Huang L, Xu J, Zhao N. Dynamic covalent polymers enabled by reversible isocyanate chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12399-12417. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible isocyanate chemistry containing urethane, thiourethane, and urea bonds is valuable for designing dynamic covalent polymers to achieve promising applications in recycling, self-healing, shape morphing, 3D printing, and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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4
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Shahi S, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Talebi S, Mardani H. Stimuli-responsive destructible polymeric hydrogels based on irreversible covalent bond dissociation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Covalently crosslinked stimuli-destructible hydrogels with the ability of irreversible bond dissociation have attracted great attentions due to their biodegradability, stability against hydrolysis, and controlled solubility upon insertion of desired triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Talebi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mardani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Ma Z, Bao G, Li J. Multifaceted Design and Emerging Applications of Tissue Adhesives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007663. [PMID: 33956371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissue adhesives can form appreciable adhesion with tissues and have found clinical use in a variety of medical settings such as wound closure, surgical sealants, regenerative medicine, and device attachment. The advantages of tissue adhesives include ease of implementation, rapid application, mitigation of tissue damage, and compatibility with minimally invasive procedures. The field of tissue adhesives is rapidly evolving, leading to tissue adhesives with superior mechanical properties and advanced functionality. Such adhesives enable new applications ranging from mobile health to cancer treatment. To provide guidelines for the rational design of tissue adhesives, here, existing strategies for tissue adhesives are synthesized into a multifaceted design, which comprises three design elements: the tissue, the adhesive surface, and the adhesive matrix. The mechanical, chemical, and biological considerations associated with each design element are reviewed. Throughout the report, the limitations of existing tissue adhesives and immediate opportunities for improvement are discussed. The recent progress of tissue adhesives in topical and implantable applications is highlighted, and then future directions toward next-generation tissue adhesives are outlined. The development of tissue adhesives will fuse disciplines and make broad impacts in engineering and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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6
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Yang Y, Ying H, Jia Y, Chen Y, Cheng J. Stabilization of the hindered urea bond through de-tert-butylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3812-3815. [PMID: 33876129 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00715g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of an acid-assisted de-tert-butylation reaction that can instantly "turn off" the dynamicity of hindered urea bonds (HUBs) and thus broaden their applications. The reaction is demonstrated to be widely applicable to different hindered urea substrates, leading to improved chemical stabilities and mechanical properties of HUB-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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7
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Rao B, Chen X, Ma L, Cui C, Zhong Q, Li Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Y. Hindered urea bonds for dynamic polymers: An overview. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Raza F, Zhu Y, Chen L, You X, Zhang J, Khan A, Khan MW, Hasnat M, Zafar H, Wu J, Ge L. Paclitaxel-loaded pH responsive hydrogel based on self-assembled peptides for tumor targeting. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2023-2036. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral delivery of chemotherapeutic agents may permit the localization of drugs in tumors, decrease nonspecific targeting and increase efficacy.
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9
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Raza F, Zafar H, You X, Khan A, Wu J, Ge L. Cancer nanomedicine: focus on recent developments and self-assembled peptide nanocarriers. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7639-7655. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The applications of nanoparticulate drug delivery have received abundant interest in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics
| | - Hajra Zafar
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Xinru You
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong, Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Asifullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong, Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
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10
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Mutlu H, Ceper EB, Li X, Yang J, Dong W, Ozmen MM, Theato P. Sulfur Chemistry in Polymer and Materials Science. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800650. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Mutlu
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ezgi Berfin Ceper
- Department of Bioengineering; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34220 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jingmei Yang
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Science and Frontiers; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 China
| | - Wenyuan Dong
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mehmet Murat Ozmen
- Department of Bioengineering; Yildiz Technical University; Esenler 34220 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Lee JK, Choi IS, Oh TI, Lee E. Cell-Surface Engineering for Advanced Cell Therapy. Chemistry 2018; 24:15725-15743. [PMID: 29791047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells opened great opportunity to overcome diseases that conventional therapy had only limited success. Use of scaffolds made from biomaterials not only helps handling of stem cells for delivery or transplantation but also supports enhanced cell survival. Likewise, cell encapsulation can provide stability for living animal cells even in a state of separateness. Although various chemical reactions were tried to encapsulate stolid microbial cells such as yeasts, a culture environment for the growth of animal cells allows only highly biocompatible reactions. Therefore, the animal cells were mostly encapsulated in hydrogels, which resulted in enhanced cell survival. Interestingly, major findings of chemistry on biological interfaces demonstrate that cell encapsulation in hydrogels have a further a competence for modulating cell characteristics that can go beyond just enhancing the cell survival. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on the chemical reactions applied to hydrogel-based cell encapsulation and their effects on the characteristics and behavior of living animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungkyu K Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Insung S Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Tong In Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - EunAh Lee
- Impedance Imaging Research Center (IIRC), Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
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