1
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van Vreeswijk SH, Weckhuysen BM. Emerging Analytical Methods to Characterize Zeolite-Based Materials. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac047. [PMID: 36128456 PMCID: PMC9477204 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolites and zeolitic materials are, through their use in numerous conventional and sustainable applications, very important to our daily lives, including to foster the necessary transition to a more circular society. The characterization of zeolite-based materials has a tremendous history and a great number of applications and properties of these materials have been discovered in the past decades. This review focuses on recently developed novel as well as more conventional techniques applied with the aim of better understanding zeolite-based materials. Recently explored analytical methods, e.g. atom probe tomography, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy and photo-induced force microscopy, are discussed on their important contributions to the better understanding of zeolites as they mainly focus on the micro- to nanoscale chemical imaging and the revelation of structure–composition–performance relationships. Some other techniques have a long and established history, e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, neutron scattering, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, and have gone through increasing developments allowing the techniques to discover new and important features in zeolite-based materials. Additional to the increasing application of these methods, multiple techniques are nowadays used to study zeolites under working conditions (i.e. the in situ/operando mode of analysis) providing new insights in reaction and deactivation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H van Vreeswijk
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Veselý M, Valadian R, Lohse LM, Toepperwien M, Spiers K, Garrevoet J, Vogt ETC, Salditt T, Weckhuysen BM, Meirer F. 3‐D X‐ray Nanotomography Reveals Different Carbon Deposition Mechanisms in a Single Catalyst Particle. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Veselý
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Roozbeh Valadian
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Leon Merten Lohse
- Institute for X-ray Physics University of Göttingen Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mareike Toepperwien
- Institute for X-ray Physics University of Göttingen Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Kathryn Spiers
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Eelco T. C. Vogt
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
- Albemarle Catalysts Company BV Research Center Amsterdam PO box 37650 1030 BE Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-ray Physics University of Göttingen Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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3
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Fu D, Lucini Paioni A, Lian C, Heijden O, Baldus M, Weckhuysen BM. Elucidating Zeolite Channel Geometry–Reaction Intermediate Relationships for the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbon Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglong Fu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Lucini Paioni
- NMR Spectroscopy Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Cheng Lian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University Princetonplein 5 3584 CC Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Onno Heijden
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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4
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Fu D, Lucini Paioni A, Lian C, van der Heijden O, Baldus M, Weckhuysen BM. Elucidating Zeolite Channel Geometry-Reaction Intermediate Relationships for the Methanol-to-Hydrocarbon Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20024-20030. [PMID: 32761941 PMCID: PMC7692936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The chemical industry has exploited zeolite shape selectivity for more than 50 years, yet our fundamental understanding remains incomplete. Herein, the zeolite channel geometry-reactive intermediate relationships are studied in detail using anisotropic zeolite ZSM-5 crystals for the methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) process, and advanced magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The utilization of anisotropic ZSM-5 crystals enabled the preferential formation of reaction intermediates in single-orientation zeolite channels, as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and in situ UV/Vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. The ssNMR results show that the slightly more constrained sinusoidal zeolite channels favor the olefin cycle by promoting the homologation of alkanes, whereas the more extended straight zeolite channels facilitate the aromatic cycle with a higher degree of alkylation of aromatics. Dynamic nuclear polarization experiments further indicate the preferential formation of heavy aromatics at the zeolite surface dominated by the sinusoidal channels, providing further insight into catalyst deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglong Fu
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Lucini Paioni
- NMR SpectroscopyBijvoet Centre for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Cheng Lian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht UniversityPrincetonplein 53584 CCUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Onno van der Heijden
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR SpectroscopyBijvoet Centre for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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5
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El Hariri El Nokab M, van der Wel PC. Use of solid-state NMR spectroscopy for investigating polysaccharide-based hydrogels: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Yakimov AV, Mance D, Searles K, Copéret C. A Formulation Protocol with Pyridine to Enable Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy on Reactive Surface Sites: Case Study with Olefin Polymerization and Metathesis Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3401-3407. [PMID: 32271018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy (DNP-SENS) has emerged as a powerful characterization tool in material chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis by dramatically increasing, by up to 2 orders of magnitude, the NMR signals associated with surface sites. DNP-SENS mostly relies on using exogenous polarizing agents (PAs), typically dinitroxyl radicals, to boost the NMR signals. However, the PAs may interact with the surface or even react with surface sites, thus leading to loss or quenching of DNP enhancements. Herein, we describe the development of a DNP-SENS formulation that allows broadening the application of DNP-SENS to samples containing highly reactive surface sites, namely a Ziegler-Natta propylene polymerization catalyst, a sulfated zirconia-supported metallocene, and a silica-supported cationic Mo alkylidene. The protocol consists of adsorbing pyridine prior to the DNP formulation (TEKPol/TCE). The addition of pyridine not only preserves the PAs and thereby restores the DNP enhancement but also allows probing Lewis/Brønsted acid surface sites that are often present on these catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deni Mance
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Keith Searles
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Rodriguez-Gomez A, Chowdhury AD, Caglayan M, Bau JA, Abou-Hamad E, Gascon J. Non-oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane over supported vanadium oxide: nature of the active sites and coke formation. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We combine Raman spectroscopy, EPR, XPS, temperature programmed reduction, XRD, 51V MAS ssNMR, TEM and N2-physisorption to unravel structure–activity relationships during the non-oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane over a V based catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rodriguez-Gomez
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Caglayan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeremy A. Bau
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- Core Labs
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Advanced Catalytic Materials
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955
- Saudi Arabia
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8
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Mance D, Comas-Vives A, Copéret C. Proton-Detected Multidimensional Solid-State NMR Enables Precise Characterization of Vanadium Surface Species at Natural Abundance. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7898-7904. [PMID: 31770488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts fulfill vital roles in industrial processes; however, the nature of the catalytic surfaces, typically either containing a low abundance of active sites or being amorphous in nature, leads to difficulties when attempting to study the structure of the active sites. In this work, we show how making use of fast MAS ssNMR allows one to efficiently detect well-resolved 1H-detected spectra of heterogeneous catalysts. This approach was applied to study the structure of surface species resulting from the grafting of VO(OiPr)3 onto a partially dehydroxylated silica using the surface organometallic chemistry approach. The use of 1H sensitivity enabled detection of various hetero- and homonuclear correlation spectra in order to study the structure of this system and to resolve the structure of the grafted vanadium complex. More specifically, VO(OiPr)3 grafts through both protonolysis and opening of siloxane bridges to generate a bis-grafted species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deni Mance
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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9
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Dutta Chowdhury A, Yarulina I, Abou-Hamad E, Gurinov A, Gascon J. Surface enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR spectroscopy sheds light on Brønsted-Lewis acid synergy during the zeolite catalyzed methanol-to-hydrocarbon process. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8946-8954. [PMID: 32190235 PMCID: PMC7068724 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After a prolonged effort over two decades, the reaction mechanism of the zeolite-catalyzed methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) process is now well-understood: the so-called 'direct mechanism' (via direct coupling of two methanol molecules) is responsible for the formation of the initial carbon-carbon bonds, while the hydrocarbon pool (HCP)-based dual cycle mechanism is responsible for the formation of reaction products. While most of the reaction events occur at zeolite Brønsted acid sites, the addition of Lewis acid sites (i.e., via the introduction of alkaline earth cations like calcium) has been shown to inhibit the formation of deactivating coke species and hence increase the catalyst lifetime. With the aim to have an in-depth mechanistic understanding, herein, we employ magic angle spinning surface-enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR spectroscopy to illustrate that the inclusion of Lewis acidity prevents the formation of carbene/ylide species on the zeolite, directly affecting the equilibrium between arene and olefin cycles of the HCP mechanism and hence regulating the ultimate product selectivity and catalyst lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST Catalysis Center , Advanced Catalytic Materials , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia . ;
| | - Irina Yarulina
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST Catalysis Center , Advanced Catalytic Materials , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia . ;
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST Core Labs , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia .
| | - Andrei Gurinov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST Core Labs , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia .
| | - Jorge Gascon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST Catalysis Center , Advanced Catalytic Materials , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia . ;
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10
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Rankin AGM, Trébosc J, Pourpoint F, Amoureux JP, Lafon O. Recent developments in MAS DNP-NMR of materials. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 101:116-143. [PMID: 31189121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the characterization of the atomic-level structure and dynamics of materials. Nevertheless, the use of this technique is often limited by its lack of sensitivity, which can prevent the observation of surfaces, defects or insensitive isotopes. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) has been shown to improve by one to three orders of magnitude the sensitivity of NMR experiments on materials under Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS), at static magnetic field B0 ≥ 5 T, conditions allowing for the acquisition of high-resolution spectra. The field of DNP-NMR spectroscopy of materials has undergone a rapid development in the last ten years, spurred notably by the availability of commercial DNP-NMR systems. We provide here an in-depth overview of MAS DNP-NMR studies of materials at high B0 field. After a historical perspective of DNP of materials, we describe the DNP transfers under MAS, the transport of polarization by spin diffusion and the various contributions to the overall sensitivity of DNP-NMR experiments. We discuss the design of tailored polarizing agents and the sample preparation in the case of materials. We present the DNP-NMR hardware and the influence of key experimental parameters, such as microwave power, magnetic field, temperature and MAS frequency. We give an overview of the isotopes that have been detected by this technique, and the NMR methods that have been combined with DNP. Finally, we show how MAS DNP-NMR has been applied to gain new insights into the structure of organic, hybrid and inorganic materials with applications in fields, such as health, energy, catalysis, optoelectronics etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G M Rankin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS-FR2638, Fédération Chevreul, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Pourpoint
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Amoureux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France; Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'industrie, F-67166, Wissembourg, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231, Paris, France.
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11
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Svirinovsky-Arbeli A, Rosenberg D, Krotkov D, Damari R, Kundu K, Feintuch A, Houben L, Fleischer S, Leskes M. The effects of sample conductivity on the efficacy of dynamic nuclear polarization for sensitivity enhancement in solid state NMR spectroscopy. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 99:7-14. [PMID: 30826711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has greatly expanded the range of materials systems that can be studied by solid state NMR spectroscopy. To date, the majority of systems studied by DNP were insulating materials including organic and inorganic solids. However, many technologically-relevant materials used in energy conversion and storage systems are electrically conductive to some extent or are employed as composites containing conductive additives. Such materials introduce challenges in their study by DNP-NMR which include microwave absorption and sample heating that were not thoroughly investigated so far. Here we examine several commercial carbon allotropes, commonly employed as electrodes or conductive additives, and consider their effect on the extent of solvent polarization achieved in DNP from nitroxide biradicals. We then address the effect of sample conductivity systematically by studying a series of carbons with increasing electrical conductivity prepared via glucose carbonization. THz spectroscopy measurements are used to determine the extent of μw absorption. Our results show that while the DNP performance significantly drops in samples containing the highly conductive carbons, sufficient signal enhancement can still be achieved with some compromise on conductivity. Furthermore, we show that the deleterious effect of conductive additives on DNP enhancements can be partially overcome through pulse-DNP experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Svirinovsky-Arbeli
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Dina Rosenberg
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry and the Tel-Aviv Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel Krotkov
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry and the Tel-Aviv Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ran Damari
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry and the Tel-Aviv Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Krishnendu Kundu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Akiva Feintuch
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sharly Fleischer
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry and the Tel-Aviv Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal Leskes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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12
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13
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Almas Q, Naeem MA, Baldanza MAS, Solomon J, Kenvin JC, Müller CR, Teixeira da Silva V, Jones CW, Sievers C. Transformations of FCC catalysts and carbonaceous deposits during repeated reaction-regeneration cycles. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transformations of an industrial zeolite-based fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and its coke deposits during regeneration following FCC reactions of a representative refinery stream are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qandeel Almas
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Muhammad Awais Naeem
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica Solomon
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Micromeritics Instrument Corp
| | | | - Christoph R. Müller
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- 8092 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Carsten Sievers
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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14
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Bai P, Etim UJ, Yan Z, Mintova S, Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Gao X. Fluid catalytic cracking technology: current status and recent discoveries on catalyst contamination. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2018.1549011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, PetroChina Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Ubong Jerome Etim
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, PetroChina Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Zifeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, PetroChina Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Svetlana Mintova
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, PetroChina Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Spectrochemistry, ENSICAEN, Normandy University, CNRS, Caen, France
| | - Zhongdong Zhang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, PetroChina Petrochemical Institute, CNPC, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- College of Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, China
| | - Xionghou Gao
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, PetroChina Petrochemical Institute, CNPC, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Solsona M, Nieuwelink A, Meirer F, Abelmann L, Odijk M, Olthuis W, Weckhuysen BM, van den Berg A. Magnetophoretic Sorting of Single Catalyst Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Solsona
- BIOS lab on a chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Eva Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Leon Abelmann
- BIOS lab on a chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede The Netherlands
- KIST Europe Campus E7 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS lab on a chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS lab on a chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS lab on a chip groupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede The Netherlands
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16
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Solsona M, Nieuwelink AE, Meirer F, Abelmann L, Odijk M, Olthuis W, Weckhuysen BM, van den Berg A. Magnetophoretic Sorting of Single Catalyst Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10589-10594. [PMID: 29962102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the deactivation processes taking place within solid catalysts is vital to design better ones. However, since inter-particle heterogeneities are more a rule than an exception, particle sorting is crucial to analyse single catalyst particles in detail. Microfluidics offers new possibilities to sort catalysts at the single particle level. Herein, we report a first-of-its-kind 3D printed magnetophoretic chip able to sort catalyst particles by their magnetic moment. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles were separated based on their Fe content. Magnetophoretic sorting shows that large Fe aggregates exist within 20 % of the FCC particles with the highest Fe content. The availability of Brønsted acid sites decreases with increasing Fe content. This work paves the way towards a high-throughput catalyst diagnostics platform to determine why specific catalyst particles perform better than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Solsona
- BIOS lab on a chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Eva Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Abelmann
- BIOS lab on a chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.,KIST Europe, Campus E7, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS lab on a chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS lab on a chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS lab on a chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
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17
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Kosinov N, Liu C, Hensen EJM, Pidko EA. Engineering of Transition Metal Catalysts Confined in Zeolites. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:3177-3198. [PMID: 29861546 PMCID: PMC5973782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-zeolite composites are versatile catalytic materials for a wide range of industrial and lab-scale processes. Significant advances in fabrication and characterization of well-defined metal centers confined in zeolite matrixes have greatly expanded the library of available materials and, accordingly, their catalytic utility. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the field from the perspective of materials chemistry, focusing on synthesis, postsynthesis modification, (operando) spectroscopy characterization, and computational modeling of transition metal-zeolite catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kosinov
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail: (N.K.)
| | - Chong Liu
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Schuit
Institute of Catalysis, Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- E-mail: (E.J.M.H.)
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- TheoMAT
group, ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
- E-mail: (E.A.P.)
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18
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Optimal sample formulations for DNP SENS: The importance of radical-surface interactions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Li Y, Zhao M, Li C, Ge W. Simulation Study on the Reaction-Diffusion Coupling in Simple Pore Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11804-11816. [PMID: 28930469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most porous media (just like catalyst pellets) have complicated pore structures, and understanding the coupling of the diffusion and reaction processes in these pores is very important for improving their performance. In this work, a diffusion factor (D) and a reaction factor (R) are proposed to quantitatively describe the diffusion and reaction performance in these pores respectively at molecular level. The yield in unit time is used to quantify their productivity and is expressed as the product of D and R. Molecular dynamic simulations with the hard-sphere algorithm are carried out to study the reaction-diffusion coupling in several simple pore structures with the same volume, such as straight, T-shaped, and cross-shaped pores. The reaction formula based on activation energy is given for a simple irreversible reaction process from A to B. In terms of the proposed factors, D and R, analysis on the simulation results shows clearly that the overall productivity of these pore structures depends on the competition of D and R, which are both determined by the size and shape of the pore structures. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulation approach used for evaluating the performance of the simple pore structures for simple reactions and the potential of its application in more complicated and practical cases. It also suggests the effectiveness of the proposed factors, D and R, for charactering the diffusion and reaction processes at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingcan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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