1
|
Sagar K, Srimannarayana M, Teegala R, Merja BC, Pradhan TR, Park JK. Difluoroenoxysilane: Expanding Allenamide Hydrodifluoroalkylation for Diverse Carbon Frameworks. Org Lett 2024; 26:5676-5681. [PMID: 38922286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an effective route to access functionalizable fluorinated enamides characterized by their high regiospecificity around the allenamide. Synthetic applications of the resulting difluorocarbonyl-bearing enamide products were pursued through straightforward synthetic transformations to prepare unknown functionalized valuable halogenated O-heterocycles and C5 skeletons. Experimental mechanistic studies showed that hydrodifluoroalkylation occurs via a hidden Brønsted acid activation, thereby establishing a new electrophilic activation mode for allenamide through a conjugated iminium intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadiyala Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Malempati Srimannarayana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
| | - Raju Teegala
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 502329, India
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Bhailal C Merja
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Tapas R Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Joseph E, Smith I, Tunge JA. Cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative difluoroalkylation of nitrophenylacetic acid salts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13902-13907. [PMID: 38075641 PMCID: PMC10699560 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective installation of fluorine-containing groups into biologically relevant molecules has been used as a common strategy for the development of pharmaceutically active molecules. However, the selective incorporation of gem-difluoromethylene groups next to sterically demanding secondary and tertiary alkyl groups remains a challenge. Herein, we report the first cobalt-catalyzed regioselective difluoroalkylation of carboxylic acid salts. The reaction allows for the facile construction of various difluoroalkylated products in good yields tolerating a wide range of functionalities on either reaction partner. The potential of the method is illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of molecules of biological relevance. Mechanistic studies support the in situ formation of a cobalt(i) species and the intermediacy of difluoroalkyl radicals, thus suggesting a Co(i)/Co(ii)/Co(iii) catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebbin Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Jon A Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sorrentino JP, Herrick RM, Abd El-Gaber MK, Abdelazem AZ, Kumar A, Altman RA. General Co-catalytic Hydrothiolation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16676-16690. [PMID: 36469658 PMCID: PMC9772298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes enables convergent late-stage access to fluorinated functional groups, though most functionalization reactions proceed through defluorinative functionalization processes that deliver mono-fluorovinyl products. In contrast, fewer reactions undergo net hydrofunctionalization to generate difluorinated products. Herein, we report a photocatalytic hydrothiolation of gem-difluoroalkenes that enables access to a broad spectrum of α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers. Notably, the reaction successfully couples nonactivated substrates, which expands the scope of accessible molecules relative to previously reported reactions involving organo- or photocatalytic strategies. Further, this reaction successfully couples biologically relevant molecules under aqueous conditions, highlighting potential applications in both late-stage and biorthogonal functionalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ryan M. Herrick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Mohammed K. Abd El-Gaber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Z. Abdelazem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Biotechnology & Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62517, Egypt
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ryan A. Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Senatore R, Malik M, Pace V. Fluoroiodomethane: A CH2F‐Moiety Delivering Agent Suitable for Nucleophilic‐, Electrophilic‐ and Radical‐Harnessed Operations. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Mengmeng G, Zilun Y, Yulan C, Danhua G, Mengtao M, Zhiliang S, Xueqiang C. Difluorinated Silyl Enol Ethers as Fluorine-Containing Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
7
|
Jeyaram RA, Radha CA. Investigation on the Binding Properties of N1 Neuraminidase of H5N1 Influenza Virus in Complex with Fluorinated Sialic Acid Analog Compounds—a Study by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2022; 52:21. [PMCID: PMC8656140 DOI: 10.1007/s13538-021-01009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, only two types of antiviral inhibitors (M2 ion channel protein inhibitor and Neuraminidase inhibitors) are approved to treat the influenza viral infection. But the mutation of amino acid sequence in the viral membrane proteins creates the viral resistance to existing antiviral drugs or inhibitors. So the corresponding antiviral drugs have to be reformulated to match these antigenic variations. Fluorination on the carbon–based molecule significantly enriches its biological properties. Hence this study is motivated to design the fluorinated sialic acid (SIA) analog inhibitors for the neuraminidase of H5N1 influenza A virus by substituting fluorine atom at different hydroxyls (O2, O4, O7, O8, and O9) of sialic acid. 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for each protein–ligand complex system. NAMD pair interaction energy and MM–PBSA binding free energy calculations predict two possible binding modes for N1–SIA_F2, N1–SIA_F4, and N1–SIA_F7 complexes and single binding mode for N1–SIA_F8 and N1–SIA_F9 complexes. RMSD, RMSF, and hydrogen bonding analyses are used to understand the conformational flexibility and structural stability of each complex system. It has been concluded that the fluorinated sialic acid drug candidates SIA_F2 and SIA_F7 have better inhibiting potency against the N1 neuraminidase of H5N1 influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Jeyaram
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - C. Anu Radha
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sorrentino JP, Altman RA. Fluorine-Retentive Strategies for the Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021; 53:3935-3950. [PMID: 34707322 DOI: 10.1055/a-1547-9270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
gem-Difluoroalkenes are readily available fluorinated building blocks, and the fluorine-induced electronic perturbations of the alkenes enables a wide array of selective functionalization reactions. However, many reactions of gem-difluoroalkenes result in a net C─F functionalization to generate monofluorovinyl products or addition of F to generate trifluoromethyl-containing products. In contrast, fluorine-retentive strategies for the functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes remain less generally developed, and is now becoming a rapidly developing area. This review will present the development of fluorine-retentive strategies including electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, and transition metal catalytic strategies with an emphasis on key physical organic and mechanistic aspects that enable reactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Sorrentino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Base-Mediated Claisen Rearrangement of CF 3-Containing Bisallyl Ethers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144365. [PMID: 34299639 PMCID: PMC8304132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously clarified that the strongly electron-withdrawing CF3 group nicely affected the base-mediated proton shift of CF3-containing propargylic or allylic alcohols to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated or saturated ketones, respectively, which was applied this time to the Claisen rearrangement after O-allylation of the allylic alcohols with a CF3 group, followed by isomerization to the corresponding allyl vinyl ethers via the proton shift, enabling the desired rearrangement in a tandem fashion, or in a stepwise manner, the latter of which was proved to have attained an excellent diastereoselectivity with the aid of a palladium catalyst.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kisukuri CM, Fernandes VA, Delgado JAC, Häring AP, Paixão MW, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Installation of CFH 2 -, CF 2 H-, CF 3 -, and Perfluoroalkyl Groups into Small Organic Molecules. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2502-2525. [PMID: 34151507 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis can be considered a powerful and sustainable methodology for the synthesis of small organic molecules. Due to its intrinsic ability to generate highly reactive species under mild conditions by anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction, electrosynthesis is particularly interesting for otherwise challenging transformations. One such challenge is the installation of fluorinated alkyl groups, which has gained significant attention in medicinal chemistry and material science due to their unique physicochemical features. Unsurprisingly, several electrochemical fluoroalkylation methods have been established. In this review, we survey recent developments and established methods in the field of electrochemical mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of small organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Kisukuri
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Vitor A Fernandes
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - José A C Delgado
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Andreas P Häring
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kostromitin VS, Zemtsov AA, Kokorekin VA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Atom-transfer radical addition of fluoroalkyl bromides to alkenes via a photoredox/copper catalytic system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5219-5222. [PMID: 33908970 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for the addition of fluorinated alkyl bromides to alkenes is described. The reaction proceeds under visible light irradiation in the presence of two catalysts: Ir(ppy)3 and N-heterocyclic carbene ligated copper bromide (IMesCuBr). The role of the iridium photocatalyst is to generate the fluoralkyl radical, while the copper promotes formation of the carbon-bromine bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav S Kostromitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Artem A Zemtsov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Kokorekin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao P, Pannecoucke X, Bouillon JP, Couve-Bonnaire S. Wonderful fusion of organofluorine chemistry and decarboxylation strategy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6094-6151. [PMID: 34027960 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylation strategy has been emerging as a powerful tool for the synthesis of fluorine-containing organic compounds that play important roles in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Considerable progress in decarboxylation has been made over the past decade towards the construction of diverse valuable fluorinated fine chemicals for which the fluorinated part can be brought in two ways. The first way is described as the reaction of non-fluorinated carboxylic acids (and their derivatives) with fluorinating reagents, as well as fluorine-containing building blocks. The second way is dedicated to the exploration and the use of fluorine-containing carboxylic acids (and their derivatives) in decarboxylative transformations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the development and applications of decarboxylative radical, nucleophilic and cross-coupling strategies in organofluorine chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xiao
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi Y, Pan BW, He JX, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Yu JS. Construction of gem-Difluoroenol Esters through Catalytic O-Selective Addition of Difluoroenoxysilanes to Ketenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7797-7805. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo-Wen Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun-Xiong He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Highly E-Selective Synthesis of α-Fluoro-β-arylalkenyl Sulfones from gem-Difluoroalkenes with Sodium Sulfinates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6983-6993. [PMID: 33852316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of α-fluoro-β-arylalkenyl sulfones under transition-metal- and base-free conditions has been described, which displays broad functional group compatibility and high stereoselectivity. In particular, the strategy is also applied to the late-stage modification of complex natural products and drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lázaro-Milla C, Yanai H, Almendros P. Metal-Free C-C/C-N/C-C Bond Formation Cascade for the Synthesis of (Trifluoromethyl)sulfonylated Cyclopenta[ b]indolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:2921-2926. [PMID: 33793251 PMCID: PMC8479863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bis(triflyl)ethylation [triflyl = (trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] inserted into a sequential cyclization cascade resulted in the direct formation of gem-bis(triflyl)ated cyclopenta[b]indolines from anilide-derived allenols and alkenols. This catalyst- and irradiation-free sequence facilitated the efficient preparation of functionalized tricyclic indoline cores bearing two contiguous stereocenters. The formed cyclopenta[b]indolines can be easily transformed into a wide variety of triflylated indolines, including the tetracycle ring system found in polyveoline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lázaro-Milla
- Grupo
de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hikaru Yanai
- School
of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy
and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto
de Química Orgánica General, IQOG, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen F, Xu XH, Qing FL. Photoredox-Catalyzed Addition of Dibromofluoromethane to Alkenes: Direct Synthesis of 1-Bromo-1-fluoroalkanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2364-2369. [PMID: 33666440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a direct and efficient route to 1-bromo-1-fluoroalkanes through the reaction of unactivated alkenes with dibromofluoromethane under photoredox catalysis. The key to the success of these addition reactions is the employment of a suitable photoredox catalyst. In particular, hydro- and bromo-bromofluoromethylated products were chemoselectively formed using THF and DMF/H2O as solvents, respectively. Furthermore, the synthetic application of the prepared 1-bromo-1-fluoroalkanes has been demonstrated by their transformation into a variety of fluorine-containing compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Visible-light-promoted E-selective synthesis of α-fluoro-β-arylalkenyl sulfides via the deoxygenation/isomerization process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2152-2155. [PMID: 33523076 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08254f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective synthesis of α-fluoro-β-arylalkenyl sulfides has been established with gem-difluoroalkenes and sodium sulfinates in a transition-metal-free manner. A series of control experiments were executed to demonstrate thiol radicals and anions as the proposed intermediates. Notably, regioselective Z→E isomerization was achieved under green light irradiation in the absence of a photoinitiator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Funabiki K, Gotoh T, Kani R, Inuzuka T, Kubota Y. Highly diastereo- and enantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of trifluoromethylated erythritols based on the in situ generation of unstable trifluoroacetaldehyde. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1296-1304. [PMID: 33315035 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, only a few methods for the asymmetric synthesis of erythritols bearing a trifluoromethyl group have been developed, and these methods present serious disadvantages such as the requirement of multiple steps for the preparation of their starting materials, low stereoselectivity, and the use of highly toxic reagents. Herein, we have developed a highly diastereo- and enantioselective organocatalytic method to synthesise erythritols bearing a trifluoromethyl group using (1) a commercially available organocatalyst to produce unstable trifluoroacetaldehyde in situ from its corresponding hemiacetal, followed by the simultaneous asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction of the organocatalyst with an in situ-generated chiral enamine derived from 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-one to obtain the corresponding aldol product in good yield (65-80%) with high diastereoselectivity (up to 94% de) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >98% ee), (2) the highly diastereoselective reduction of the ketone moiety in the aldol product (up to 98% de), and (3) the deprotection of the acetal moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Ryunosuke Kani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Centre, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sorrentino JP, Orsi DL, Altman RA. Acid-Catalyzed Hydrothiolation of gem-Difluorostyrenes to Access α,α-Difluoroalkylthioethers. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2297-2311. [PMID: 33471529 PMCID: PMC7869866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of hydrogen atoms with fluorine in bioactive molecules can greatly impact physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. However, current synthetic methods cannot readily access many fluorinated motifs, which impedes utilization of these groups. Thus, the development of new methods to introduce fluorinated functional groups is critical for developing the next generation of biological probes and therapeutic agents. The synthesis of one such substructure, the α,α-difluoroalkylthioether, typically requires specialized conditions that necessitate early-stage installation. A late-stage and convergent approach to access α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers could involve nucleophilic addition of thiols across gem-difluorostyrenes. Unfortunately, under basic conditions, nucleophilic addition to gem-difluorostyrenes generates an anionic intermediate that can undergo facile elimination of fluoride to generate α-fluorovinylthioethers. To overcome this decomposition, we herein exploit an acid-based catalyst system to facilitate simultaneous nucleophilic addition and protonation of the unstable intermediate. Ultimately, the optimized mild conditions afford the desired α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers in high selectivity and moderate to excellent yields. These α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers are less nucleophilic and more oxidatively stable relative to nonfluorinated thioethers, suggesting the potential application of this unexplored functional group in biological probes and therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Sorrentino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Douglas L. Orsi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ryan A. Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yuan K, Feoktistova T, Cheong PHY, Altman RA. Arylation of gem-difluoroalkenes using a Pd/Cu Co-catalytic system that avoids β-fluoride elimination. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1363-1367. [PMID: 34163899 PMCID: PMC8179108 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PdII/CuI co-catalyze an arylation reaction of gem-difluoroalkenes using arylsulfonyl chlorides to deliver α,α-difluorobenzyl products. The reaction proceeds through a β,β-difluoroalkyl-Pd intermediate that typically undergoes unimolecular β-F elimination to deliver monofluorinated alkene products in a net C-F functionalization reaction. However to avoid β-F elimination, we offer the β,β-difluoroalkyl-Pd intermediate an alternate low-energy route involving β-H elimination to ultimately deliver difluorinated products in a net arylation/isomerization sequence. Overall, this reaction enables exploration of new reactivities of unstable fluorinated alkyl-metal species, while also providing new opportunities for transforming readily available fluorinated alkenes into more elaborate substructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR USA
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR USA
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Xu X, Qing F. Deoxygenative 1,1‐Bis‐trifluoromethylthiolation of Aromatic Aldehydes to Access Bis(trifluoromethylthio)methylarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin‐Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu‐Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lázaro-Milla C, Busto E, Burgos I, Nieto Faza O, Almendros P. Gold-catalyzed reaction of alkynes with diazonium salts under photoirradiation revisited: New alkoxyarylation variant leading to enol ethers. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Hu XS, He JX, Dong SZ, Zhao QH, Yu JS, Zhou J. Regioselective Markovnikov hydrodifluoroalkylation of alkenes using difluoroenoxysilanes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5500. [PMID: 33127898 PMCID: PMC7599245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkene hydrodifluoroalkylation is a fruitful strategy for synthesizing difluoromethylated compounds that are interesting for developing new medicinal agents, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. Whereas the anti-Markovnikov hydrodifluoroalkylation to linear-type products is developed, employing radical-based processes, the Markovnikov synthesis of branched adducts remains unexplored. Herein, we describe acid-catalyzed processes involving carbocation intermediates as a promising strategy to secure the Markovnikov regioselectivity. Accordingly, the Markovnikov hydrodifluoroalkylation of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted alkenes using difluoroenoxysilanes, catalyzed by Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O, is achieved. This allows the diversity-oriented synthesis of α,α-difluoroketones with a quaternary or tertiary carbon at the β-position that are otherwise difficult to access. The method is applied to the modification of natural products and drug derivatives. The resulting α,α-difluorinated ketones could be converted to the corresponding α,α-difluorinated esters or alcohols, or organofluorine compounds featuring a CF2H or CF2CF2Ph moiety. Mechanistic studies support that Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O functions as a hidden Brønsted acid catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Si Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jun-Xiong He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Su-Zhen Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiu-Hua Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Granados A, Ballesteros A, Vallribera A. Enantioenriched Quaternary α-Pentafluoroethyl Derivatives of Alkyl 1-Indanone-2-Carboxylates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10378-10387. [PMID: 32709202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An electrophilic enantioselective catalytic method for the α-pentafluoroethylation of 3-oxoesters is described. Under the use of La(OTf)3 in combination with a (S,R)-indanyl-pybox ligand, good results in terms of yield and enantioselectivities were achieved (up to 89% ee). The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, leading to the formation of enantioenriched quaternary centers. This methodology uses an hypervalent iodine(III)-CF2CF3 reagent, and mechanistic investigations are consistent with the involvement of a radical pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ballesteros
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Orsi DL, Douglas JT, Sorrentino JP, Altman RA. Cobalt-Catalyzed Selective Unsymmetrical Dioxidation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10451-10465. [PMID: 32697905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
gem-Difluoroalkenes represent valuable synthetic handles for organofluorine chemistry; however, most reactions of this substructure proceed through reactive intermediates prone to eliminate a fluorine atom and generate monofluorinated products. Taking advantage of the distinct reactivity of gem-difluoroalkenes, we present a cobalt-catalyzed regioselective unsymmetrical dioxygenation of gem-difluoroalkenes using phenols and molecular oxygen, which retains both fluorine atoms and provides β-phenoxy-β,β-difluorobenzyl alcohols. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction operates through a radical chain process initiated by Co(II)/O2/phenol and quenched by the Co-based catalyst. This mechanism enables the retention of both fluorine atoms, which contrasts most transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of gem-difluoroalkenes that typically involve defluorination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Orsi
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Justin T Douglas
- Molecular Structures Group, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jacob P Sorrentino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Asymmetric Preparation of α-Quaternary Fluorinated β-keto Esters. Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25143264. [PMID: 32708946 PMCID: PMC7397287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances over the past decade in the preparation of fluorinated stereogenic quaternary centers on β-keto esters compounds are analyzed. Since the incorporation of fluorine and fluorinated groups is of special interest in pharmaceutical chemistry, a range of metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed methods have been developed. Herein, we review the enantioselective fluorination, trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation of 3-oxo esters. The scope, the induction of enantioselectivity and mechanistic investigations are presented.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lázaro‐Milla C, Macicior J, Yanai H, Almendros P. Trifluorosulfonylation Cascade in Allenols: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Bis(triflyl)enones. Chemistry 2020; 26:8983-8989. [PMID: 32369226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lázaro‐Milla
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos BioactivosUnidad Asociada al CSIC, Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de, Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jon Macicior
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos BioactivosUnidad Asociada al CSIC, Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de, Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOGConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Hikaru Yanai
- School of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOGConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cloutier M, Mamone M, Paquin JF. Drastic fluorine effect: complete reversal of the selectivity in the Au-catalyzed hydroalkoxylation reaction of fluorinated haloalkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5969-5972. [PMID: 32347237 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The gold-catalyzed hydration reaction of haloalkynes is highly regioselective producing 2-halomethylketones as the sole products. Herein, we document a drastic fluorine effect where the reaction of 1-halo-3,3-difluoroalkynes as substrates leads to a complete reversal of selectivity and produces 3,3-difluoroesters as the unique products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Cloutier
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sorrentino JP, Ambler BR, Altman RA. Late-Stage Conversion of a Metabolically Labile Aryl Methyl Ether-Containing Natural Product to Fluoroalkyl Analogues. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5416-5427. [PMID: 32191836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the conversion of aryl methyl ethers and phenols into six fluoroalkyl analogues through late-stage functionalization of a natural product-derived FDA-approved therapeutic. This series of short synthetic sequences exploits a combination of both modern and traditional methods and demonstrates that some recently reported methods do not always work as well as desired on a natural product-like scaffold. Nonetheless, reaction optimization can deliver sufficient quantities of each target analogue for medicinal chemistry purposes. In some cases, classical reactions and synthetic sequences still outcompete modern organofluorine transformations, which should encourage the continued search for improved reactions. Overall, the project provides a valuable synthetic roadmap for medicinal chemists to access a range of fluorinated therapeutic candidates with distinct physicochemical properties relative to the original O-based analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Sorrentino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Brett R Ambler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Department of Discovery Chemistry MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ye W, Ni C, Hu J. Stereoselective nucleophilic monofluoromethylation of tert-butanesulfinimines: Dynamic thermodynamic Resolution of racemic α-fluoro carbanions. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
31
|
Senatore R, Malik M, Spreitzer M, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and Chemoselective Electrophilic Monofluoromethylation of Heteroatoms ( O-, S-, N-, P-, Se-) with Fluoroiodomethane. Org Lett 2020; 22:1345-1349. [PMID: 32004004 PMCID: PMC7205393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The commercially available fluoroiodomethane represents a valuable and effective electrophilic source for transferring the CH2F unit to a series of heteroatom-centered nucleophiles under mild basic conditions. The excellent manipulability offered by its liquid physical state (bp 53.4 °C) enables practical and straightforward one-step nucleophilic substitutions to retain the chiral information embodied, thus allowing it to overcome de facto the requirement for fluoromethylating agents with no immediate access. The high-yielding methodology was successfully applied to a variety of nucleophiles including a series of drugs currently in the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Markus Spreitzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Black RE, Kilyanek SM, Reinhart ED, Jordan RF. Olefin Insertion Reactivity of a (Phosphine-arenesulfonate)Palladium(II) Fluoride Complex. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Black
- Department of Chemistry, New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, Florida 34243, United States
| | - Stefan M. Kilyanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Erik D. Reinhart
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Miele M, Citarella A, Micale N, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and Chemoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Difluoroketones via Weinreb Amide Homologation with a CHF 2-Carbene Equivalent. Org Lett 2019; 21:8261-8265. [PMID: 31599599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The homologation of Weinreb amides into difluoromethylketones with a formal nucleophilic CHF2 transfer agent is reported. Activating TMSCHF2 with potassium tert-amylate enables a convenient access to the difluorinated homologation reagent, which adds to the acylating partners. The high chemoselectivity showcased in the presence of variously multifunctionalized Weinreb amides, jointly with uniformly high yields, enables the strategy of general applicability without requiring any stabilization element for the putative carbanion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Andrea Citarella
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,University of Messina , Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- University of Messina , Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mestre J, Castillón S, Boutureira O. “Ligandless” Pentafluoroethylation of Unactivated (Hetero)aryl and Alkenyl Halides Enabled by the Controlled Self-Condensation of TMSCF3-Derived CuCF3. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15087-15097. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mestre
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergio Castillón
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Orsi DL, Yadav MR, Altman RA. Organocatalytic Strategy for Hydrophenolation of Gem-Difluoroalkenes. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:4325-4336. [PMID: 32103843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gem-difluoroalkenes are an easily accessed fluorinated functional group, and a useful intermediate for elaborating into more complex fluorinated compounds. Currently, most functionalization reactions of gem-difluoroalkenes, with or without a transition metal-based catalyst system, involve the addition or removal of a fluorine atom to generate trifluorinated or monofluorinated products, respectively. In contrast, we present a complementary "fluorine-retentive" reaction that exploits an organocatalytic strategy to add phenols across gem-difluoroalkenes to deliver β,β-difluorophenethyl arylethers. The products are produced in good to moderate yields and selectivities, thus providing a range of compounds that are underrepresented in the synthetic and medicinal chemistry literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Orsi
- The University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - M Ramu Yadav
- The University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Ryan A Altman
- The University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS 66045
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Goto T, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Yamazaki T. Ring-Opening Functionalization of Simple gem-Difluorocyclopropanes by Single-Electron Oxidants. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9509-9518. [PMID: 31264871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Goto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen H, Anand D, Zhou L. Photoredox Defluorinative Alkylation of 1‐Trifluoromethyl Alkenes and 1,3‐Butadienes with 1,4‐Dihydropyridines as Alkylation Reagents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoguo Chen
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Devireddy Anand
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mudarra ÁL, Martínez de Salinas S, Pérez-Temprano MH. Beyond the traditional roles of Ag in catalysis: the transmetalating ability of organosilver(i) species in Pd-catalysed reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1655-1667. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of silver salts in Pd-catalysed C–C bond forming transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel L. Mudarra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hu XS, Yu JS, Zhou J. Catalytic selective mono- and difluoroalkylation using fluorinated silyl enol ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13638-13648. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This feature article highlights our recent achievements in catalytic selective mono- and difluoroalkylation using fluorinated silyl enol ethers (FSEEs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Si Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A Chiron approach towards the stereoselective synthesis of polyfluorinated carbohydrates. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4721. [PMID: 30413697 PMCID: PMC6226540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of hydroxyl groups by fluorine atoms on hexopyranose scaffolds may allow access to the discovery of new chemical entities possessing unique physical, chemical and ultimately even biological properties. The prospect of significant effects generated by such multiple and controlled substitutions encouraged us to develop diverse synthetic routes towards the stereoselective synthesis of polyfluorinated hexopyranoses, six of which are unprecedented. Hence, we report the synthesis of heavily fluorinated galactose, glucose, mannose, talose, allose, fucose, and galacturonic acid methyl ester using a Chiron approach from inexpensive levoglucosan. Structural analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffractions and NMR studies confirm the conservation of favored 4C1 conformation for fluorinated carbohydrate analogs, while a slightly distorted conformation due to repulsive 1,3-diaxial F···F interaction is observed for the trifluorinated talose derivative. Finally, the relative stereochemistry of multi-vicinal fluorine atoms has a strong effect on the lipophilicities (logP). Polyfluorinated hexopyranoses display unique physical, chemical and biological properties, however their stereoselective synthesis is highly challenging. Here, the authors report a synthetic approach based on the chemical manipulation of inexpensive levoglucosan to obtain heavily fluorinated monosaccharides stereoselectively.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou L, Zhu C, Bi P, Feng C. Ni-catalyzed migratory fluoro-alkenylation of unactivated alkyl bromides with gem-difluoroalkenes. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1144-1149. [PMID: 30774912 PMCID: PMC6349022 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A migratory fluoro-alkenylation of unactivated alkyl bromides is reported; the reaction is enabled by fluorine effects and involves an alkyl nickel chain-walking mechanism.
We describe a nickel-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective migratory fluoro-alkenylation of unactivated alkyl bromides. A unique catalytic cycle merging alkyl nickel chain-walking and defluorinative coupling enables the introduction of a broad array of fluoroalkenyl moieties into carbon chains. Control experiments with other halogenated alkenes demonstrated the essential role of fluorine atoms in this reaction. Notably, the reaction proceeds under mild conditions and allows for the synthesis of a variety of valuable monofluoroalkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China .
| | - Chuan Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China .
| | - Peijia Bi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China .
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China .
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mohy El Dine T, Sadek O, Gras E, Perrin DM. Expanding the Balz-Schiemann Reaction: Organotrifluoroborates Serve as Competent Sources of Fluoride Ion for Fluoro-Dediazoniation. Chemistry 2018; 24:14933-14937. [PMID: 30006957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Balz-Schiemann reaction endures as a method for the preparation of (hetero)aryl fluorides yet is eschewed due to the need for harsh conditions or high temperatures along with the need to isolate potentially explosive diazonium salts. In a departure from these conditions, we show that various organotrifluoroborates (RBF3 - s) may serve as fluoride ion sources for solution-phase fluoro-dediazoniation in organic solvents under mild conditions. This methodology was successfully extended to a one-pot process obviating aryl diazonium salt isolation. Sterically hindered (hetero)anilines are fluorinated under unprecedentedly mild conditions in good-to-excellent yields. Taken together, this work expands the repertoire of RBF3 - s to act as fluorine ion sources in an update to the classic Balz-Schiemann reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tharwat Mohy El Dine
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Omar Sadek
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077, Toulouse Ce, dex 4, France
| | - Emmanuel Gras
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077, Toulouse Ce, dex 4, France
| | - David M Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu W, Ouyang Y, Xu XH, Qing FL. Visible Light-Induced Methoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Trimethylsilyl Enol Ethers and Allyltrimethylsilanes with FSO2
CF2
CO2
Me. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecules Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecules Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecules Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecules Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dong T, Nie J, Zhang CP. A convenient, transition metal-free synthesis of difluoromethyl selenoethers from organic selenocyanates and TMSCF2H. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kučnirová K, Šimůnek O, Rybáčková M, Kvíčala J. Structural Assignment of Fluorocyclobutenes by 19
F NMR Spectroscopy - Comparison of Calculated 19
F NMR Shielding Constants with Experimental 19
F NMR Shifts. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Kučnirová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šimůnek
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Rybáčková
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kvíčala
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague; Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Martínez de Salinas S, Mudarra ÁL, Benet‐Buchholz J, Parella T, Maseras F, Pérez‐Temprano MH. New Vistas in Transmetalation with Discrete “AgCF
3
” Species: Implications in Pd‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation Reactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:11895-11898. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez de Salinas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Avgda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ángel L. Mudarra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Avgda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Benet‐Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Avgda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de RMNFacultat de CiènciesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Avgda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de QuímicaFacultat de CiènciesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Mónica H. Pérez‐Temprano
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Avgda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alcaide B, Almendros P, Lázaro-Milla C, Delgado-Martínez P. Divergence in Ynone Reactivity: Atypical Cyclization by 3,4-Difunctionalization versus Rare Bis(cyclization). Chemistry 2018; 24:8186-8194. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benito Alcaide
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de, Química Orgánica I, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IQOG-CSIC; Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Lázaro-Milla
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de, Química Orgánica I, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rodil A, Bosisio S, Ayoup MS, Quinn L, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Murphy CD, Michel J, O'Hagan D. Metabolism and hydrophilicity of the polarised 'Janus face' all- cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl ring, a candidate motif for drug discovery. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3023-3028. [PMID: 29732086 PMCID: PMC5916015 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and polarity of the all-cis tetra-fluorocyclohexane motif is explored in the context of its potential as a motif for inclusion in drug discovery programmes. Biotransformations of phenyl all-cis tetra-, tri- and di- fluoro cyclohexanes with the human metabolism model organism Cunninghamella elegans illustrates various hydroxylated products, but limited to benzylic hydroxylation for the phenyl all-cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl ring system. Evaluation of the lipophilicities (log P) indicates a significant and progressive increase in polarity with increasing fluorination on the cyclohexane ring system. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that water associates much more closely with the hydrogen face of these Janus face cyclohexyl rings than the fluorine face owing to enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions with the polarised hydrogens and water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodil
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Stefano Bosisio
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Alexandria University , P.B. 426 Ibrahimia , Egypt
| | - Laura Quinn
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland .
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin , Ireland .
| | - Julien Michel
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - David O'Hagan
- EaStChem School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| |
Collapse
|