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Alfano AI, Lange H, Brindisi M. Amide Bonds Meet Flow Chemistry: A Journey into Methodologies and Sustainable Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102708. [PMID: 35015338 PMCID: PMC9304223 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Formation of amide bonds is of immanent importance in organic and synthetic medicinal chemistry. Its presence in "traditional" small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients, in linear or cyclic oligo- and polypeptidic actives, including pseudopeptides, has led to the development of dedicated synthetic approaches for the formation of amide bonds starting from, if necessary, suitably protected amino acids. While the use of solid supported reagents is common in traditional peptide synthesis, similar approaches targeting amide bond formation in continuous-flow mode took off more significantly, after a first publication in 2006, only a couple of years ago. Most efforts rely upon the transition of traditional approaches in flow mode, or the combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis principles with flow chemistry, and advantages are mainly seen in improving space-time yields. This Review summarizes and compares the various approaches in terms of basic amide formation, peptide synthesis, and pseudopeptide generation, describing the technological approaches and the advantages that were generated by the specific flow approaches. A final discussion highlights potential future needs and perspectives in terms of greener and more sustainable syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ilenia Alfano
- SPOTS-Lab – Sustainable Pharmaceutical and Organic Technology and Synthesis LaboratoryUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II', Department of PharmacyVia Domenico Montesano 4980131NaplesItaly
| | - Heiko Lange
- University of Milano-Bicocca Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesPiazza della Scienza 120126MilanItaly
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- SPOTS-Lab – Sustainable Pharmaceutical and Organic Technology and Synthesis LaboratoryUniversity of Naples ‘Federico II', Department of PharmacyVia Domenico Montesano 4980131NaplesItaly
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2
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Lu B, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Recent Advances in Visible-Light-Mediated Amide Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:517. [PMID: 35056829 PMCID: PMC8781888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has attracted tremendous interest within the synthetic community. As such, the activation mode potentially provides a more sustainable and efficient platform for the activation of organic molecules, enabling the invention of many controlled radical-involved reactions under mild conditions. In this context, amide synthesis via the strategy of photoredox catalysis has received growing interest due to the ubiquitous presence of this structural motif in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals and functionalized materials. Employing this strategy, a wide variety of amides can be prepared effectively from halides, arenes and even alkanes under irradiation of visible light. These methods provide a robust alternative to well-established strategies for amide synthesis that involve condensation between a carboxylic acid and amine mediated by a stoichiometric activating agent. In this review, the representative progresses made on the synthesis of amides through visible light-mediated radical reactions are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (B.L.); (W.-J.X.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang 453007, China
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3
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SINGH JITENDER, Sharma A. Green and Sustainable Visible Light-Mediated Formation of Amide Bonds: An Emerging Niche in Organic Chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02406c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amide bond is one of the most fascinating functional groups in nature due to its stability, conformational diversity, high bond polarity, and abundance in numerous natural products and drug candidates,...
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4
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Mishra AK, Parvari G, Santra SK, Bazylevich A, Dorfman O, Rahamim J, Eichen Y, Szpilman AM. Solar and Visible Light Assisted Peptide Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12406-12412. [PMID: 33621382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid and peptide couplings are widely used in fields related to pharma and materials. Still, current peptide synthesis continues to rely on the use of expensive, water sensitive, and waste-generating coupling reagents, which are often prepared in multi-step sequences and used in excess. Herein is described a peptide coupling reaction design that relies mechanistically on sun-light activation of a 4-dimethylamino-pyridine-alkyl halide charge-transfer complex to generate a novel coupling reagent in situ. The resulting coupling method is rapid, does not require dry solvents or inert atmosphere, and is compatible with all the most common amino acids and protecting groups. Peptide couplings can be run on gram-scale, without the use of special equipment. This method has a significantly reduced environmental and financial footprint compared to standard peptide coupling reactions. Experimental and computational studies support the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel.,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sourav K Santra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Andrii Bazylevich
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ortal Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Jonatan Rahamim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex M Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000, Ariel, Israel
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5
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Mishra AK, Parvari G, Santra SK, Bazylevich A, Dorfman O, Rahamim J, Eichen Y, Szpilman AM. Solar and Visible Light Assisted Peptide Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya K. Mishra
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200008 Haifa Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200008 Haifa Israel
| | - Sourav K. Santra
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Andrii Bazylevich
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Ortal Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Jonatan Rahamim
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 3200008 Haifa Israel
| | - Alex M. Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University 4070000 Ariel Israel
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6
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Santra SK, Szpilman AM. Visible-Spectrum Solar-Light-Mediated Benzylic C-H Oxygenation Using 9,10-Dibromoanthracene As an Initiator. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1164-1171. [PMID: 33236899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a visible-light-mediated benzylic C-H oxygenation reaction. The reaction is initiated by solar light or the blue LED activation of 9,10-dibromoanthracene in a reaction with oxygen and takes place at ambient temperature and air pressure. Secondary benzylic positions are oxygenated to ketones, while tertiary benzylic carbons are oxygenated to give hydroperoxides. Notably, cumene hydroperoxide is produced in a higher yield and at milder conditions than the currently employed industrial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav K Santra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Alex M Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000 Ariel, Israel
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7
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Gaspa S, Farina A, Tilocca M, Porcheddu A, Pisano L, Carraro M, Azzena U, De Luca L. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Amidation of Benzylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11679-11687. [PMID: 32662268 PMCID: PMC8009506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new photocatalyzed route to amides from alcohols and amines mediated by visible light is presented. The reaction is carried out in ethyl acetate as a solvent. Ethyl acetate can be defined a green and bio-based solvent. The starting materials such as the energy source are easily available, stable, and inexpensive. The reaction has shown to be general and high yielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mariella Tilocca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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8
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Massolo E, Pirola M, Benaglia M. Amide Bond Formation Strategies: Latest Advances on a Dateless Transformation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Massolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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9
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Das P, Begam HM, Bhunia SK, Jana R. Photoredox‐Catalyzed Tandem Demethylation of
N
,
N
‐Dimethyl Anilines Followed by Amidation with α‐Keto or Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata- 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata- 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Samir Kumar Bhunia
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata- 700032, West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata- 700032, West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kolkata- 700032 India
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10
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Chen C, Liu W, Liu B, Zhou P, Tan H. Acylation of Arylamines with Triethylamine Derivatives in Combination with
tert
‐Butyl Hydroperoxide. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Chen
- College of ChemistryGuangdong University of Petrochemical Technology 2 Guandu Road Maoming 525000 P. R. China
| | - Weibing. Liu
- College of ChemistryGuangdong University of Petrochemical Technology 2 Guandu Road Maoming 525000 P. R. China
| | - Bifu. Liu
- School of Chemistry and Material EngineeringHuizhou University Huizhou 516007 China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of ChemistryGuangdong University of Petrochemical Technology 2 Guandu Road Maoming 525000 P. R. China
| | - Hua Tan
- College of ChemistryGuangdong University of Petrochemical Technology 2 Guandu Road Maoming 525000 P. R. China
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11
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Gaspa S, Raposo I, Pereira L, Mulas G, Ricci PC, Porcheddu A, De Luca L. Visible light-induced transformation of aldehydes to esters, carboxylic anhydrides and amides. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A transition metal- and organophotocatalyst free synthesis of esters, carboxylic anhydrides and amides from aldehydes induced by visible-light has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Inês Raposo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Leonor Pereira
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Gabriele Mulas
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Cittadella Universitaria
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
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12
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Srivastava V, Singh PK, Singh PP. Visible light photoredox catalysed amidation of carboxylic acids with amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Sharada D, Saha A, Saha BK. Charge transfer complexes as colour changing and disappearing–reappearing colour materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer complexes, made of suitably chosen electron-rich and electron-deficient components, can perform as vanishing colour, disappearing–reappearing colour and colour changing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgam Sharada
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University
- Pondicherry
- India
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University
- Pondicherry
- India
| | - Binoy K. Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University
- Pondicherry
- India
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14
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Mishra AK, Parvari G, Cohen I, Fridman N, Eichen Y, Szpilman AM. Amine-tetrachloromethane charge transfer complexes: a structural and computational study. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1498085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya K. Mishra
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Cohen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex M. Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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15
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Pandey G, Koley S, Talukdar R, Sahani PK. Cross-Dehydrogenating Coupling of Aldehydes with Amines/R-OTBS Ethers by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Synthesis of Amides, Esters, and Ureas. Org Lett 2018; 20:5861-5865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Pandey
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Suvajit Koley
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Ranadeep Talukdar
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sahani
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India
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Zhou N, Cheng Y, Xie J, Zhu C. Harnessing sunlight without a photosensitizer for highly efficient consecutive [3+2]/[4+2] annulation to synthesize fused benzobicyclic skeletons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10707-10710. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A photosensitizer-free, highly efficient sunlight-promoted tandem [3+2]/[4+2] annulation of unsaturated α-bromocarbonyls with o-alkynylanilines was described, and allowed for convenient synthesis of fused benzobicyclic skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
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