1
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Klementyeva SV, Woern K, Schrenk C, Zhang M, Khusniyarov MM, Schnepf A. [(thf) 5Ln(Ge 9{Si(SiMe 3) 3} 2)] (Ln = Eu, Sm, Yb): Capping Metalloid Germanium Cluster with Lanthanides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5614-5621. [PMID: 36967670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of three neutral complexes with different coordination modes of a di-silylated metalloid germanium cluster to divalent lanthanides [(thf)5Ln(ηn-Ge9(Hyp)2)] (Ln = Yb (1, n = 1); Eu (2, n = 2, 3), Sm (3, n = 2, 3); Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3) by the salt metathesis of LnI2 with K2[Ge9(Hyp)2] in THF. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In thf solution, the formation of contact or solvate-separated ion pairs depending on the concentration is assumed. Compound 2 exhibits a blue luminescence typical for Eu2+. The solid-state magnetic measurements of compounds 2 and 3 confirm the presence of divalent europium and samarium, respectively.
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2
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Kunz T, Şahin O, Schnepf A. Three different ways for the synthesis of the metalloid cluster [Ge
9
(Hyp
t
BuPh2
)
3
]
−. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kunz
- Chemistry Department University Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Orhan Şahin
- Chemistry Department University Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department University Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
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3
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Zhao X, Pei G, Xu S, Kong C, Yang Z, Yang T. Endohedral group-14-element clusters TM@E 9 (TM = Co, Ni, Cu; E = Ge, Sn, Pb) and their low-dimensional nanostructures: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20654-20665. [PMID: 34515270 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral group14-based clusters with the encapsulation of a transition metal, which are termed [TM@Em]n- (TM = transition metal and E = group-14 elements), have lots of potential applications and have been used as interesting building blocks in materials science. Nevertheless, their electronic structures and stability mechanism remain unclear. In this paper, we systematically study the geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of [TM@E9]n- clusters which are the smallest endohedral group-14-based clusters synthesized so far, by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculation results reveal the important role of TMs in affecting the structures and bonding interactions in the [TM@E9]n- cluster. In the presence of a TM, the cluster geometry could change from a monocapped square antiprism (C4v) for empty [E9]4- cages to a tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry (D3h) for [TM@E9]n-. By using the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method, the bonding properties between the endohedral TM and E9 cluster have been thoroughly investigated. It was found that the origin of stability of these clusters is from the large electrostatic attraction with significantly reduced Pauli repulsion. In the case of orbital interactions, the π back-donations from d orbitals of the TM to the cluster make important contributions. More interestingly, the 1D-chain and 2D-sheet nanostructures based on the [Ni@E9] cluster have been theoretically predicted. The band structure and density of states analysis revealed that all of these nanostructures are metallic and their excellent thermodynamic stability has been confirmed by using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gerui Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Song Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chuncai Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhimao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China. .,Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Abstract
The continuously decreasing size of device features in microelectronics draws growing attention to the structuring of silicon at the molecular level with powerful tools provided by synthetic chemistry. Silicon clusters are of particular importance in this regard not only as potential precursors for silicon deposition but also as well-defined model systems for bulk and surfaces of silicon at the nanoscale as well as possible starting points for future construction of molecularly precise device structures. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview about the state of the art in the synthesis of molecular silicon clusters, which are grouped into (1) electron-precise saturated clusters, (2) soluble polyhedral Zintl anions, and (3) unsaturated silicon clusters, the so-called siliconoids. Particular attention is paid to functionalization as it is generally considered a necessary prerequisite for the design and construction of more extended systems. The interrelations between the three different classes of molecular silicon clusters, e.g., arising from the introduction of negatively charged functional groups, are highlighted on grounds of NMR properties and computed electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Heider
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Wallach C, Geitner FS, Fässler TF. FLP-type nitrile activation and cyclic ether ring-opening by halo-borane nonagermanide-cluster Lewis acid-base pairs. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6969-6976. [PMID: 34123324 PMCID: PMC8153081 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though homoatomic nine-atom germanium clusters are known for two decades, their chemical properties are still rarely investigated. We now discovered that Zintl ion main group-element clusters possess a reactive lone pair of electrons, and we show a new pathway to bind ligands with functional groups to the [Ge9] cluster core through Ge-C bond formation. We report on the reactivity of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- (TMS = trimethylsilyl) towards a series of Lewis acidic bromo-boranes. The reaction of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- and DAB o-tol-Br (DAB = 1,3,2-diazaborolidine; o-tol = 2-methylphenyl) resulted, depending on the reaction protocol, either in the formation of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2DAB o-tol]- (1a) with direct Ge-B interactions, or in [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2(CH2)4O-DAB o-tol]- (2a) featuring a ring-opened thf moiety. Ring opening reactions occur for all bulkier DABR-Br [R: o-xyl (2,6-dimethylphenyl), Mes (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), Dipp (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)], DAB(ii)Dipp-Br and acyclic ( i Pr2N)2BBr without Ge-B bond formation as shown for the structural characterization of the ring-opened products of thf (3, 4) and trimethylene oxide (5). In contrast to thf, the activation of CH3CN requires the simultaneous presence of Lewis-acid and Lewis-basic reactants allowing the formation of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2CH3C[double bond, length as m-dash]N-DABMes]- (6a). Within the presented compounds, 3 and 4 show an unusual substitution pattern of the three ligands at the [Ge9] core in the solid state. The [Ge9] cluster/borane systems correspond to intermolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), in which the [Ge9] cluster with several lone pairs represents the Lewis base, and the borane is the Lewis acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallach
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Felix S Geitner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
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6
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Wallach C, Geitner FS, Karttunen AJ, Fässler TF. Boranyl-Functionalized [Ge 9 ] Clusters: Providing the Idea of Intramolecular Ge/B Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2648-2653. [PMID: 33090635 PMCID: PMC7898805 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The unique three-dimensional structure of spherical, homoatomic nine-atom germanium clusters opens various possibilities for the spatial arrangement of functional groups. Ligands comprising lone pairs have recently been introduced in the cluster sphere, and we now report the addition of a boranyl group to the cluster featuring a Ge-B exo-cluster bond. The reaction of the twofold-silylated cluster [Ge9 {Si(TMS)3 }2 ]2- (TMS=trimethylsilyl) with 2-chloro-1,3,2-diazaborolidines DABR -Cl leads to the first boranyl-functionalized [Ge9 ] clusters [Ge9 {Si(TMS)3 }2 DABR ]- (R=methyl (1 a), iso-propyl (2 a), ortho-tolyl (3 a)). The anions 2 a and 3 a were structurally characterized as [NHCDipp Cu]+ complexes (NHCDipp =1,3-di(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidine) through single crystal X-ray structure determination. Quantum-chemical calculations manifest the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) character of the boranyl-functionalized cluster [Ge9 {Si(TMS)3 }2 BCy2 ]- (4 a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallach
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Felix S. Geitner
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University00076AaltoFinland
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747Garching b. MünchenGermany
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7
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Wallach C, Geitner FS, Karttunen AJ, Fässler TF. Boranyl‐Functionalized [Ge
9
] Clusters: Providing the Idea of Intramolecular Ge/B Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallach
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Felix S. Geitner
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
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8
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Townrow OE, Chung C, Macgregor SA, Weller AS, Goicoechea JM. A Neutral Heteroatomic Zintl Cluster for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Cyclic Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18330-18335. [PMID: 33052653 PMCID: PMC7596751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of an alkane-soluble Zintl cluster, [η4-Ge9(Hyp)3]Rh(COD), that can catalytically hydrogenate cyclic alkenes such as 1,5-cyclooctadiene and cis-cyclooctene. This is the first example of a well-defined Zintl-cluster-based homogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
P. E. Townrow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Cheuk Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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9
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Schiegerl LJ, Karttunen AJ, Klein W, Fässler TF. Silicon clusters with six and seven unsubstituted vertices via a two-step reaction from elemental silicon. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9130-9139. [PMID: 31827755 PMCID: PMC6889835 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated silicon clusters with only partial substitution, and thus, "naked" Si atoms are well studied species as they are proposed intermediates in gas-phase deposition processes. Although a remarkable number of stable molecular clusters has been reported, they are typically still obtained by multi-step syntheses. Herein we introduce a newly developed synthetic approach which led to the formation of the anionic species {Si(TMS)3}3Si9 - (1a) and {Si(TMS)3}2Si9 2- (1b), and an extension of this synthetic protocol resulted in the first covalent attachment of ligands through metal atoms to these clusters, (SnCy3)3Si9 - (2a) and (SnCy3)2Si9 2- (2b). The influence of the substituents on the electron localization in the central Si9 unit is analyzed by means of intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analysis and partial atomic charge distribution. The IBO analyses reveal a new type of delocalization including 5-center-6-electron besides 3-center-2-electron bonds. The Raman spectra of 1b and 2b allow an assignment of the Si-Si intra-cluster vibrations by comparison to calculated (DFT-PBE0) spectra. The anions are formed in a one-step synthesis from binary K12Si17 which can easily be obtained by fusing the elements K and Si. The anions are characterized by ESI mass spectrometry and comprehensive NMR studies (1H, 13C, 29Si, 119Sn). Attempts to crystallize 1a and 2a as their (K-222crypt)+ salts yielded after the loss of one of the substituents single crystals containing 1b and 2b. The single crystal X-ray structure analyses reveal the presence of anionic siliconoids with surfaces of seven unsubstituted silicon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz J Schiegerl
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany .
- WACKER Institute of Silicon Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science , Aalto University , 00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany .
- WACKER Institute of Silicon Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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10
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Wallach C, Geitner FS, Klein W, Fässler TF. Enhancing the Variability of [Ge 9 ] Cluster Chemistry through Phosphine Functionalization. Chemistry 2019; 25:12349-12356. [PMID: 31231877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic approach towards molecules that contain Ge atoms with oxidation state 0, and which are exclusively connected to other Ge atoms, is explored by using anionic clusters extracted from binary solids. Besides providing a novel variable method for the introduction of alkenyl moieties to [Ge9 ] cluster compounds, this work expands the spectrum of mixed-functionalized [Ge9 ] cluster anions, which are suitable for the straightforward synthesis of zwitterionic compounds upon coordination to metal cations. In detail, the synthesis of a series of mixed-functionalized [Ge9 ] clusters is reported, including [Ge9 {Si(TMS)3 }3 PRRI ] (R=tBu, RI =(CH2 )3 CH=CH2 ; 2) and [Ge9 {Si(TMS)3 }2 PRRI ]- (R and RI : alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aminoalkyl; 3 a to 11 a, TMS: (trimethyl)silyl). In 2 and 3 a, pentenyl functionalization of the [Ge9 ] clusters was achieved by reaction of the novel chlorophosphine tBu{(CH2 )3 CH=CH2 }PCl (1) with silylated [Ge9 ] clusters. Furthermore, the reactivity of the cluster anions 3 a to 11 a towards NHCDipp MCl (NHCDipp =1,3-di(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidine; M=Cu, Ag) showed a dependency on the steric demand of the phosphine either zwitterions (3-MNHCDipp to 7-MNHCDipp ) featuring P-M interactions are formed, or Ge-M coordination (8-MNHCDipp to 11-MNHCDipp ) occurs. For M=Ag, the formation of zwitterionic complexes was unequivocally proven by NMR investigations showing 1 J(31 P-107 Ag/109 Ag) spin-spin coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallach
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Felix S Geitner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching b. München, Germany.,WACKER Institute for Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching b. München, Germany
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11
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Michenfelder NC, Gienger C, Schnepf A, Unterreiner AN. The influence of the FeCp(CO) 2+ moiety on the dynamics of the metalloid [Ge 9(Si(SiMe 3) 3) 3] - cluster in thf: synthesis and characterization by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15577-15582. [PMID: 31347650 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A neutral tetrasubstituted Ge9 cluster with a covalently bound transition metal substituent was synthesized successfully via a salt metathesis reaction. Photoexcitation of [Ge9(Si(SiMe3)3)3FeCp(CO)2] induces excited state dynamics of the compound that was analysed by extended broadband fs absorption spectroscopy in the UV-Vis-NIR region. After UV or Vis excitation, an electron is detached from the [Ge9(Si(SiMe3)3)3]--entity and localizes within few hundred fs. Recombination of this cluster-electron-pair occurs in about 7-9 ps. Finally, a third component can be attributed to complete ground state recovery within roughly 150 ps. This is much shorter compared to a longer-lived component within Li[Ge9(Si(SiMe3)3)3], whose transient absorption exceeds the ns timescale after UV excitation. This observation emphasizes a strong influence of the Fe moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine C Michenfelder
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christian Gienger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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12
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13
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Kysliak O, Schnepf A. [Ge 9
{Si(SiMe 3
) 3
} 2
{Ge(SiMe 3
) 3
}] -
: The Mixed Substituted Metalloid Germanium Cluster and the Intermetalloid Cluster [ZnGe 18
{Si(SiMe 3
) 3
} 4
{Ge(SiMe 3
) 3
} 2
]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kysliak
- Chemistry Department; University Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department; University Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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14
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Mayer K, Klein W, Fässler TF. Zinc as a versatile connecting atom for zintl cluster oligomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12156-12159. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Homoatomic cluster aggregation is a versatile route to build up atom-precise nano structures. In this work, we present first structures representing building motifs of hypothetical ZnGe9 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mayer
- Department Chemie
- Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4
- 85747 Garching
- Germany
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Department Chemie
- Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4
- 85747 Garching
- Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department Chemie
- Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4
- 85747 Garching
- Germany
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15
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Frischhut S, Kaiser F, Klein W, Drees M, Kühn FE, Fässler TF. Capping nido-Nonagermanide Clusters with M-PPh3 and Dynamics in Solution: Synthesis and Structure of closo-[(Me3Si)3Si]3Et[Ge9M](PPh3) (M = Ni, Pt). Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frischhut
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Kaiser
- Professur für Molekulare Katalyse, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Drees
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Professur für Molekulare Katalyse, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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16
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Challenges in chemical synthesis at the border of solution-based and solid-state chemistry—Synthesis and structure of [CH3CH2Ge9{Si(SiMe3)3}]2−. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Frischhut S, Machado de Carvalho JG, Karttunen AJ, Fässler TF. On the Affinity between Fullerenes and Deltahedral Zintl Ions: A UV/Vis Spectroscopic Investigation. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frischhut
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | | | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science; Aalto University; 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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18
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Frischhut S, Klein W, Drees M, Fässler TF. Acylation of Homoatomic Ge 9 Cages and Subsequent Decarbonylation. Chemistry 2018; 24:9009-9014. [PMID: 29756360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct acylation of Ge9 Zintl clusters by the reaction of K[Ge9 {Si(SiMe3 )3 }3 ] with acyl chlorides in hexane or toluene solutions is presented, leading to the neutral, carbonyl-derivatized products [{Si(SiMe3 )3 }3 Ge9 (CO)R'] (R'=Me, iPr, tBu, Ph, Bz, cyclopropylmethyl, phenethyl, 4-vinylphenyl). This reaction is applicable to a wide range of acyl chlorides and allows for diverse functionalization of Ge9 Zintl clusters. [{Si(SiMe3 )3 }3 Ge9 (CO)tBu] readily releases CO at ambient conditions under formation of [{Si(SiMe3 )3 }3 Ge9 tBu]. This temperature-dependent decarbonylation most likely proceeds via a radical Norrish-type I α-bond cleavage. Except for R'=tBu and Bz all obtained acyl-derivatized Ge9 cluster compounds do not release CO even at elevated temperatures. All compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. [{Si(SiMe3 )3 }3 Ge9 (CO)R'] (R'=tBu, Ph, Me, iPr) as well as [{Si(SiMe3 )3 }3 Ge9 tBu] were further structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frischhut
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Drees
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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Abstract
Unsaturated silicon clusters are key intermediates of silicon deposition processes from the gas phase, which is reflected in the recently introduced term "siliconoids" for silicon rich clusters with at least one hemispheroidally coordinated vertex. Unlike the case of metalloid clusters of heavier Group 14 elements, stable homonuclear derivatives containing silicon have become available just recently. This review summarizes the developments since the first report on a stable unsaturated silicon cluster in 2005. The synthesis, structure and reactivity under retention of the unsaturated vertices (i.e. the functionalization) of stable siliconoids is discussed within the broader context of soluble Zintl anions of silicon and metalloid clusters. A structural parameter is introduced as a quantitative measure to characterize the "hemispheroidality" of an unsubstituted vertex of a siliconoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Liu C, Li LJ, Jin X, McGrady JE, Sun ZM. Reactivity Studies of [Co@Sn9]4– with Transition Metal Reagents: Bottom-Up Synthesis of Ternary Functionalized Zintl Clusters. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Frischhut S, Fässler TF. Synthesis of low-oxidation-state germanium clusters comprising a functional anchor group – synthesis and characterization of [(Ge0)5(Ge-R)3(Ge-(CH2)n-CHCH2)] with R = Si(SiMe3)3. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3223-3226. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The first alkenyl-functionalized, uncharged deltahedral germanium clusters [{Si(SiMe3)3}3Ge9(CH2)nCHCH2] (n = 1 or 3) comprising five Ge0 atoms are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Frischhut
- Technische Universität München
- Department Chemie
- 85747 Garching
- Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Technische Universität München
- Department Chemie
- 85747 Garching
- Germany
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