1
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Kleybolte MM, Winnacker M. From Forest to Future: Synthesis of Sustainable High Molecular Weight Polyamides Using and Investigating the AROP of β-Pinene Lactam. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300524. [PMID: 37903330 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyamides (PA) are among the most essential and versatile polymers due to their outstanding characteristics, for example, high chemical resistance and temperature stability. Furthermore, nature-derived monomers can introduce hard-to-synthesize structures into the PAs for unique polymer properties. Pinene, as one of the most abundant terpenes in nature and its presumable stability-giving bicyclic structure, is therefore highly promising. This work presents simple anionic ring-opening polymerizations of β-pinene lactam (AROP) in-bulk and in solution. PAs with high molecular weights, suitable for further processing, are produced. Their good mechanical, thermal (Td s up to 440 °C), and transparent appearance render them promising high-performance biomaterials. In the following, the suitability of different initiators is discussed. Thereby, it is found that NaH is the most successful for in-bulk polymerization, with a degree of polymerization (DP) of about 322. For solution-AROP, iPrMgCl·LiCl is successfully used for the first time, achieving DPs up to about 163. The obtained PAs are also hot-pressed, and the dynamic mechanical properties are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Kleybolte
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
| | - Malte Winnacker
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
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2
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Hahn C, Göttker-Schnetmann I, Tzourtzouklis I, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Mecking S, Frey H. Nopadiene: A Pinene-Derived Cyclic Diene as a Styrene Substitute for Fully Biobased Thermoplastic Elastomers. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38048399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The bicyclic 1,2-substituted, 1,3-diene monomer nopadiene (1R,5S)-2-ethenyl-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene was successfully polymerized by anionic and catalytic polymerization. Nopadiene is produced either through a facile one-step synthesis from myrtenal via Wittig-olefination or via a scalable two-step reaction from nopol (10-hydroxymethylene-2-pinene). Both terpenoids originate from the renewable β-pinene. The living anionic polymerization of nopadiene in apolar and polar solvents at 25 °C using organolithium initiators resulted in homopolymers with well-controlled molar masses in the range of 5.6-103.4 kg·mol-1 (SEC, PS calibration) and low dispersities (Đ) between 1.06 and 1.18. By means of catalytic polymerization with Me4CpSi(Me)2NtBuTiCl2 and (Flu)(Pyr)CH2Lu(CH2TMS)2(THF), the 1,4 and 3,4- microstructures of nopadiene are accessible in excellent selectivity. In pronounced contrast to other 1,3-dienes, the rigid polymers of the sterically demanding nopadiene showed an elevated glass temperature, Tg,∞ = 160 °C (in the limit of very high molar mass, Mn). ABA triblock copolymers with a central polymyrcene block and myrcene content of 60-75 mol %, with molar masses of 100-200 kg/mol were prepared by living anionic polymerization of the pinene-derivable monomers nopadiene and myrcene. This diene copolymerization resulted in thermoplastic elastomers displaying nanophase separation at different molar ratios (DSC, SAXS) and an upper service temperature about 30 K higher than that for traditional petroleum-derived styrenic thermoplastic elastomers due to the high glass temperature of polynopadiene. The materials showed good thermal stability at elevated temperatures under nitrogen (TGA), promising tensile strength and ultimate elongation of up to 1600%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max-Planck Graduate Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Inigo Göttker-Schnetmann
- Chair Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Lu D, Zou X, Ye L. The introduction of the disconnection approach into polymer synthesis. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 102299 China
| | - Xudong Zou
- College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 102299 China
| | - Liqin Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 102299 China
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4
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Sustainable Polyamides Enabled by Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of 4-Hydroxyproline-derived Lactams. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Hahn C, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Frey H. MyrDOL, a Protected Dihydroxyfunctional Diene Monomer Derived from β-Myrcene: Functional Polydienes from Renewable Resources via Anionic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Kleybolte MM, Zainer L, Liu JY, Stockmann PN, Winnacker M. (+)‐Limonene‐Lactam: Synthesis of a Sustainable Monomer for Ring‐Opening Polymerization to Novel, Biobased Polyamides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200185. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M. Kleybolte
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Laura Zainer
- Fraunhofer IGB Schulgasse 11a 94315 Straubing Germany
| | - Jin Y. Liu
- WACKER‐Institute for Silicon Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | | | - Malte Winnacker
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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7
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Carter P, Trettin JL, Lee TH, Chalgren NL, Forrester MJ, Shanks BH, Tessonnier JP, Cochran EW. Bioenabled Platform to Access Polyamides with Built-In Target Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9548-9553. [PMID: 35522967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diversification of platform chemicals is key to today's petroleum industry. Likewise, the flourishing of tomorrow's biorefineries will rely on molecules with next-generation properties from biomass. Herein, we explore this opportunity with a novel approach to monomers with custom property enhancements. Cyclic diacids with alkyl and aromatic decorations were synthesized from muconic acid by Diels-Alder cycloaddition, and copolymerized with hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid to yield polyamides with built-in hydrophobicity and flame retardancy. Testing shows a 70% reduction in water uptake and doubling of char production while largely retaining other key properties of the parent Nylon-6,6. The present approach can be generalized to access a wide range of performance-advantaged polyamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Carter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - James L Trettin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ting-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nickolas L Chalgren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Michael J Forrester
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brent H Shanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Tessonnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian P. Woroch
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew W. Lankenau
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew W. Kanan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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9
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Zhong H, Deng J. Preparation and Chiral Applications of Optically Active Polyamides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100341. [PMID: 34347330 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is omnipresent in nature and plays vital roles in living organism, and has become a hot research topic across multidisciplinary fields including chemistry, biology, physics, and material science. Meanwhile, polyamides constitute an important class of polymers and have received significant attention owing to their outstanding properties and wide-ranging applications in many areas. Judiciously introducing chirality into polyamides will undoubtedly obtain attractive chiral polymers, namely, optically active polyamides. This review describes the preparation methods of chiral polyamides, including solution polycondensation, interfacial polycondensation, ring-open polymerization, and others; the newly emerging categories of chiral polyamides, i.e., helical polyamides, chiral polyamide-imides, are also presented. The applications of optically active polyamides in chiral research fields including asymmetric catalysis, membrane separation, and enantioselective crystallization are also summarized. In addition, current challenges in chiral polyamides are further presented and future perspectives in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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10
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Yarolimek MR, Bookbinder HR, Coia BM, Kennemur JG. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of δ-Pinene: Well-Defined Polyolefins from Pine Sap. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:760-766. [PMID: 35549097 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Well-controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of δ-pinene is reported. The monomer is produced through a facile, metal-free, three-step synthesis from highly abundant and sustainable α-pinene. Using Grubbs third-generation catalyst, δ-pinene undergoes ROMP to high conversion (>95%) with molar mass up to 70 kg mol-1 and narrow dispersity (<1.2). A highly regioregular propagation mechanism was concluded by NMR spectroscopic analysis that revealed a head-to-tail (HT, >95%) microstructure and high trans content (>98%). Successful ROMP is corroborated with density functional theory calculations on δ-pinene's ring strain energy (∼35 kJ mol-1). Poly(δ-pinene) has a high glass transition temperature (∼104 °C) and a unique chiral microstructure bearing gem-dimethylcyclobutane rings. Controlled ROMP also allowed the synthesis of block copolymers containing segments of poly(δ-pinene) and polynorbornene which are discussed. Finally, bulk polymerization of δ-pinene is possible, indicating a greener approach to these materials, albeit with some loss of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Yarolimek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Heather R. Bookbinder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Brianna M. Coia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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11
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Kleybolte MM, Winnacker M. β-Pinene-Derived Polyesteramides and Their Blends: Advances in Their Upscaling, Processing, and Characterization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100065. [PMID: 33960575 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Terpene-based polyesteramides (PEAs) are sustainable and have a variety of favorable properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications and for contribution to a much more sustainable polymer industry. This work focuses on the synthesis of the lactam from β-pinene and its copolymerization with ε-caprolactone. An important step in synthesizing β-pinene lactam is the oxidation of β-pinene to nopinone. To make the established oxidative cleavage more sustainable and efficient, the required amounts of Al2 O3 and KMnO4 are significantly reduced by using H2 SO4 as a catalyst. For the Beckmann rearrangement various catalysts and co-reagents are screened. Among these, the reaction with tosyl chloride is found the most favorable. Subsequently, the chain lengths of the β-pinene-based PEAs are remarkably increased from 6000 g mol-1 to more than 25 100 g mol-1 by fine-tuning reaction time, temperature, and decreasing catalyst and initiator concentrations. Also, different catalysts for polymerization are tested. The resulting material shows melting temperatures of ≈55 °C and decomposition temperatures of 354 °C or higher. Processing via melt pressing or casting turned out to be quite difficult due to the polymer's brittleness. Furthermore, regarding biomedical applications, blends of PEA with polyethylene glycol were successfully prepared, yielding a more hydrophilic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maria Kleybolte
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München, 85747, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
| | - Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München, 85747, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
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12
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Stouten J, Wróblewska AA, Grit G, Noordijk J, Gebben B, Meeusen-Wierts MHM, Bernaerts KV. Polyamides containing a biorenewable aromatic monomer based on coumalate esters: from synthesis to evaluation of the thermal and mechanical properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new biobased alternative for terephthalic acid (TPA) in (semi-)aromatic polyamides is proposed, namely 4-carboxybenzene propionic acid (4CBPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Stouten
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- the Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra A. Wróblewska
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- the Netherlands
| | - Glenn Grit
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- the Netherlands
| | - Jurrie Noordijk
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- the Netherlands
| | - Bert Gebben
- Process Technology Department
- Research and Innovation Center
- 6802 ED Arnhem
- the Netherlands
| | | | - Katrien V. Bernaerts
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Maastricht University
- 6167 RD Geleen
- the Netherlands
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13
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Li M, Tao Y. Poly(ε-lysine) and its derivatives via ring-opening polymerization of biorenewable cyclic lysine. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Minireview focused on poly(ε-lysine) and its derivatives via ring-opening polymerization of biorenewable cyclic lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
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14
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Palenzuela M, Sánchez-Roa D, Damián J, Sessini V, Mosquera ME. Polymerization of terpenes and terpenoids using metal catalysts. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Lamparelli DH, Paradiso V, Capacchione C. NEW ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS FROM BIOMASS: STEREOSELECTIVE POLYMERIZATION OF LINEAR TERPENES AND THEIR COPOLYMERIZATION WITH BUTADIENE BY USING A COBALT COMPLEX WITH PHOSPHANE LIGANDS. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.20.79972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The polymerization of bio-renewable terpenes such as β-ocimene (O), β-myrcene (M), and β-farnesene (F) promoted by CoCl2(PCyPh2)2 (1) in combination with modified methylalumoxane at room temperature is reported. Stereoregular polymers of O, M, and F were obtained. 1 also promoted, showing good stereoselectivity, the copolymerization of O and M with butadiene (B) in a wide range of compositions by suitably varying the alimentation feed: up to 67 and 75 mol% of O and M incorporated for poly(ocimene-butadiene) and poly(myrcene-butadiene) copolymers, respectively. These new materials with elastomeric properties (glass transition temperatures observed in the range of −5.7 to −72.5 °C) were fully characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, size exclusion chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C, and two-dimensional experiments).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hermann Lamparelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli,” Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli,” Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli,” Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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16
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Winnacker M, Lamparelli DH, Capacchione C, Güngör HH, Stieglitz L, Rodewald KS, Schmidt M, Gronauer TF. Sustainable Polyesteramides and Copolyamides: Insights into the Copolymerization Behavior of Terpene‐Based Lactams. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Winnacker
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - David H. Lamparelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Universitá degli Studi di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano SA 132 I‐84084 Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Universitá degli Studi di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II Fisciano SA 132 I‐84084 Italy
| | - Hicran H. Güngör
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - Lucas Stieglitz
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - Katia S. Rodewald
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - Thomas F. Gronauer
- Chair of Organic Chemistry IITechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
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17
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Lamparelli DH, Paradiso V, Monica FD, Proto A, Guerra S, Giannini L, Capacchione C. Toward More Sustainable Elastomers: Stereoselective Copolymerization of Linear Terpenes with Butadiene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hermann Lamparelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli″, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Veronica Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli″, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Francesco Della Monica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli″, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli″, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Silvia Guerra
- Pirelli Tyre S.p.A., Viale Piero e Alberto Pirelli, 25-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Giannini
- Pirelli Tyre S.p.A., Viale Piero e Alberto Pirelli, 25-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli″, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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18
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Hayes GC, Becer CR. Levulinic acid: a sustainable platform chemical for novel polymer architectures. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Levulinic acid is a multipurpose platform chemical that is currently used in a wide variety of applications.
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19
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Abstract
The use of renewable terpene-based monomers for the preparation of sustainable functional polymers is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
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20
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Fu Y, Liang K, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Synthesis and Properties of Bio-Based Nonisocyanate Thermoplastic Polyoxamide-Ureas. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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21
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Stadler BM, Wulf C, Werner T, Tin S, de Vries JG. Catalytic Approaches to Monomers for Polymers Based on Renewables. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard M. Stadler
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Wulf
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey Tin
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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22
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Stamm A, Biundo A, Schmidt B, Brücher J, Lundmark S, Olsén P, Fogelström L, Malmström E, Bornscheuer UT, Syrén P. A Retro-biosynthesis-Based Route to Generate Pinene-Derived Polyesters. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1664-1671. [PMID: 30793830 PMCID: PMC6618282 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significantly increased production of biobased polymers is a prerequisite to replace petroleum-based materials towards reaching a circular bioeconomy. However, many renewable building blocks from wood and other plant material are not directly amenable for polymerization, due to their inert backbones and/or lack of functional group compatibility with the desired polymerization type. Based on a retro-biosynthetic analysis of polyesters, a chemoenzymatic route from (-)-α-pinene towards a verbanone-based lactone, which is further used in ring-opening polymerization, is presented. Generated pinene-derived polyesters showed elevated degradation and glass transition temperatures, compared with poly(ϵ-decalactone), which lacks a ring structure in its backbone. Semirational enzyme engineering of the cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus enabled the biosynthesis of the key lactone intermediate for the targeted polyester. As a proof of principle, one enzyme variant identified from screening in a microtiter plate was used in biocatalytic upscaling, which afforded the bicyclic lactone in 39 % conversion in shake flask scale reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Stamm
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
| | - Antonino Biundo
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
| | - Björn Schmidt
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
| | | | - Stefan Lundmark
- Perstorp AB, InnovationPerstorp Industrial Park284 80PerstorpSweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Linda Fogelström
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Per‐Olof Syrén
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Division of Protein TechnologyTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
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23
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Ali MA, Kaneko T. Syntheses of Aromatic/Heterocyclic Derived Bioplastics with High Thermal/Mechanical Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif Ali
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Area, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
- Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Area, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923 1292, Japan
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24
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Winnacker M, Beringer AJG, Gronauer TF, Güngör HH, Reinschlüssel L, Rieger B, Sieber SA. Polyamide/PEG Blends as Biocompatible Biomaterials for the Convenient Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Growth. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900091. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Winnacker
- WACKER‐Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieLichtenbergstraße 4Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Andreas J. G. Beringer
- WACKER‐Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieLichtenbergstraße 4Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
- Department of ChemistryLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München
| | - Thomas F. Gronauer
- WACKER‐Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieLichtenbergstraße 4Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
- Chair of Organic Chemistry IITechnische Universität München
| | - Hicran H. Güngör
- WACKER‐Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieLichtenbergstraße 4Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Leonhard Reinschlüssel
- WACKER‐Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieLichtenbergstraße 4Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER‐Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieLichtenbergstraße 4Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- WACKER‐Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare ChemieLichtenbergstraße 4Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
- Chair of Organic Chemistry IITechnische Universität München
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25
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Dharmaratne NU, Pothupitiya JU, Kiesewetter MK. The mechanistic duality of (thio)urea organocatalysts for ring-opening polymerization. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3305-3313. [PMID: 30834919 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the various catalysts for ROP, H-bonding organocatalysts stand out in the precise level of reaction control they are able to render during ROP. The H-bonding class of organocatalysts are thought to effect ROP via dual activation of both monomer and chain end. (Thio)urea mediated ROP has experienced a renaissance as a new polymerization mechanism - mediated by imidate or thioimidate species - facilitates new modes of reactivity and new synthetic abilities. Indeed, the urea class of H-bond donors has been shown to be more active than their corresponding thioureas. The imidate mechanism remains highly active in polar solvents and exhibits remarkable control - and 'living' behavior - under solvent-free conditions, and a broad range of temperatures is accessible. The advancements in synthetic abilities have all evolved through a greater understanding of reaction mechanism. Through the continued synergistic advances of catalysis and material, the (thio)urea class of catalyst can find use in a host of potential applications, research and industrial environments.
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26
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Stockmann PN, Pastoetter DL, Woelbing M, Falcke C, Winnacker M, Strittmatter H, Sieber V. New Bio-Polyamides from Terpenes: α-Pinene and (+)-3-Carene as Valuable Resources for Lactam Production. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800903. [PMID: 30892749 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and polymerization of two β-lactams and two ε-lactams derived from the terpenes α-pinene and (+)-3-carene are reported. The new biopolymers can be considered as polyamide 2 (PA2) and polyamide 6 (PA6)-types with aliphatic stereoregular side chains, which lead to remarkable new properties. The macromolecules are investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR). The (+)-3-carene-derived PA6-type is of particular interest, since it reaches a molecular weight of over 30 kDa, which is the highest value for lactam-based polyamides derived from terpenes reported to date. Additionally, a glass transition temperature (Tg ) of 120 °C is observed, surpassing the glass transition temperature of PA6 by 60 °C. The absence of a melting point (Tm ) indicates high amorphicity, another novelty for terpene-based polyamides, which might give transparent bio-polyamides access to new fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Stockmann
- Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Dominik L Pastoetter
- Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Marion Woelbing
- Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Claudia Falcke
- Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Harald Strittmatter
- Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Fraunhofer IGB, Straubing Branch Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany.,Chair of Chemistry for Biogenic Resources, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315, Straubing, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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27
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Weems AC, Delle Chiaie KR, Worch JC, Stubbs CJ, Dove AP. Terpene- and terpenoid-based polymeric resins for stereolithography 3D printing. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00950g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiol–ene ‘click’ reactions between terpenes and a four-arm thiol were utilized to produced thermoset 3D printed structures using vat photopolymerisation.
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28
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He W, Tao Y, Wang X. Functional Polyamides: A Sustainable Access via Lysine Cyclization and Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials and, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials and, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials and, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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29
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Wróblewska A, Stevens S, Garsten W, De Wildeman SMA, Bernaerts KV. Solvent-Free Method for the Copolymerization of Labile Sugar-Derived Building Blocks into Polyamides. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2018; 6:13504-13517. [PMID: 30319929 PMCID: PMC6179453 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the preparation of biobased copolyamides containing biacetalized galactaric acid (GalX), namely, 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-galactaric acid (GalXMe) and 2,3:4,5-di-O-methylene-galactaric acid (GalXH), in bulk by melt polycondensation of salt monomers. In order to allow the incorporation of temperature-sensitive sugar-derived building blocks into copolyamides at temperatures below the degradation temperature of the monomers and below their melting temperatures, a clever selection of salt monomers is required, such that the sugar-derived salt monomer dissolves in the other salt monomers. The polymerization was investigated by temperature dependent FT-IR and optical microscopy. The structure of the obtained copolyamides was elucidated by NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) techniques. The positive outcome of this modified polycondensation method depends on the solubility of sugar-derived polyamide salts in polyamide salts of comonomers and the difference between their melting temperatures, however does not depend on the melting temperature of the used sugar-derived monomer. A variety of comonomers was screened in order to establish the underlying mechanisms of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra
A. Wróblewska
- Faculty of Science and Engineering,
Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Stevens
- Faculty of Science and Engineering,
Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wessel Garsten
- Faculty of Science and Engineering,
Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan M. A. De Wildeman
- Faculty of Science and Engineering,
Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien V. Bernaerts
- Faculty of Science and Engineering,
Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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30
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Winnacker M. Pinene: reichlich vorhandene und erneuerbare Bausteine für eine Vielzahl an nachhaltigen Polymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching bei München Deutschland
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Deutschland
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31
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Winnacker M. Pinenes: Abundant and Renewable Building Blocks for a Variety of Sustainable Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14362-14371. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching bei München Germany
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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32
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Olmo C, Casas MT, Martínez JC, Franco L, Puiggalí J. Thermally Induced Structural Transitions of Nylon 4 9 as a New Example of Even⁻Odd Polyamides. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020198. [PMID: 30966234 PMCID: PMC6415186 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline morphology and structure of nylon 4 9 have been studied by means of optical and transmission electron microscopies, and X-ray diffraction. Rhombic crystals were characteristic of crystallization from glycerin dilute solutions, although the final morphology was dependent on the crystallization temperature. In any case, a single electron diffraction pattern was always obtained, being characteristic a 2 mm symmetry and reflections at spacings that were indicative of a projected rectangular unit cell with hydrogen bonds established along two planar directions (i.e., the diagonals of the unit cell), as it was determined from related polyamides. Crystallization from the melt gave rise to negative birefringent spherulites with a morphology (axialitic, speckled or ringed) that was dependent on the crystallization temperature. Kinetic analysis indicated that melt crystallization took place according to two growth mechanisms (Regimes II and III), which reflect distinct secondary nucleation rates. A complex polymorphic behavior on heating and cooling processes was evidenced by real time synchrotron experiments, being determined an intermediate crystalline structure as well as the typical pseudohexagonal arrangement associated to the Brill transition. Polymorphic transitions were highly dependent on the initial crystalline structure, being enhanced the structural transition from the low temperature structure to the intermediate one when traces of the latter were initially present. Calorimetric and infrared studies supported also the detected thermal transitions of nylon 4 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Olmo
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Building I.2, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Teresa Casas
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Building I.2, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Franco
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Building I.2, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Chemical Engineering Department, EEBE, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Building I.2, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Hulnik MI, Vasilenko IV, Radchenko AV, Peruch F, Ganachaud F, Kostjuk SV. Aqueous cationic homo- and co-polymerizations of β-myrcene and styrene: a green route toward terpene-based rubbery polymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and cost-efficient approach for the synthesis of bio-based poly(β-myrcene) and poly(β-myrcene-co-styrene) via emulsion cationic polymerization is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim I. Hulnik
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Alexei V. Radchenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629 CNRS/University of Bordeaux/Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
| | - Frédéric Peruch
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629 CNRS/University of Bordeaux/Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
| | | | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
- INSA-Lyon
- IMP
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