1
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Steinbach P, Bannwarth C. Combining low-cost electronic structure theory and low-cost parallel computing architecture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16567-16578. [PMID: 38829649 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The computational efficiency of low-cost electronic structure methods can be further improved by leveraging heterogenous computing architectures. The software package TeraChem has been developed since 2008 to make use of graphical processing units (GPUs), particularly their strong single-precision performance, for the acceleration of quantum chemical calculations. Here, we present the implementation of three low-cost methods, namely HF-3c, PBEh-3c, and the recently introduced ωB97X-3c. We show that these can benefit in terms of performance when combined with "consumer grade" GPUs by leveraging the mixed precision integral handling in TeraChem. The current limitation of the latter's GPU integral library is that Gaussian integrals only for functions with angular momentum l < 3 can be computed, which generally restricts the achievable accuracy in terms of the one-particle basis set. Particularly, the implementation of the ωB97X-3c method now enables higher accuracy with this setting which, in turn, provides the most efficient implementation accessible with consumer-grade hardware. We furthermore show that the implemented 3c methods can be combined with the hh-TDA formalism. This gives new and efficient low-cost multi-configurational excited states methods, which are benchmarked for the description of lowest vertical excitation energies in this work. All in all, the combination of these efficient electronic structure theory methods with affordable highly parallelized computing hardware provides an optimal computational and monetary cost to accuracy ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Steinbach
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Melatener Str. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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2
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Zarrouk T, Ibragimova R, Bartók AP, Caro MA. Experiment-Driven Atomistic Materials Modeling: A Case Study Combining X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Potentials to Infer the Structure of Oxygen-Rich Amorphous Carbon. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14645-14659. [PMID: 38749497 PMCID: PMC11140750 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
An important yet challenging aspect of atomistic materials modeling is reconciling experimental and computational results. Conventional approaches involve generating numerous configurations through molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo structure optimization and selecting the one with the closest match to experiment. However, this inefficient process is not guaranteed to succeed. We introduce a general method to combine atomistic machine learning (ML) with experimental observables that produces atomistic structures compatible with experiment by design. We use this approach in combination with grand-canonical Monte Carlo within a modified Hamiltonian formalism, to generate configurations that agree with experimental data and are chemically sound (low in energy). We apply our approach to understand the atomistic structure of oxygenated amorphous carbon (a-COx), an intriguing carbon-based material, to answer the question of how much oxygen can be added to carbon before it fully decomposes into CO and CO2. Utilizing an ML-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) model trained from GW and density functional theory (DFT) data, in conjunction with an ML interatomic potential, we identify a-COx structures compliant with experimental XPS predictions that are also energetically favorable with respect to DFT. Employing a network analysis, we accurately deconvolve the XPS spectrum into motif contributions, both revealing the inaccuracies inherent to experimental XPS interpretation and granting us atomistic insight into the structure of a-COx. This method generalizes to multiple experimental observables and allows for the elucidation of the atomistic structure of materials directly from experimental data, thereby enabling experiment-driven materials modeling with a degree of realism previously out of reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigany Zarrouk
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Rina Ibragimova
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Albert P. Bartók
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Centre for Predictive Modelling, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Miguel A. Caro
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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3
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Du K. Enumeration, Nomenclature, and Stability Rules of Carbon Nanobelts. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1261-1276. [PMID: 38327033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
With recent breakthroughs and advances in synthetic chemistry, carbon nanobelts (CNBs) have become an emerging hot topic in chemistry and materials science. Owing to their unique molecular structures, CNBs have intriguing properties with applications in synthetic materials, host-guest chemistry, optoelectronics, and so on. Although a considerable number of CNBs with diverse forms have been synthesized, no systematic nomenclature is available yet for this important family of macrocycles. Moreover, little is known about the detailed isomerism of CNBs, which, in fact, exhibits greater complexity than that of carbon nanotubes. The copious variety of CNB isomers, along with the underlying structure-property relationships, bears fundamental relevance to the ongoing design and synthesis of novel nanobelts. In this paper, we propose an elegant approach to systematically enumerate, classify, and name all possible isomers of CNBs. Besides the simplest, standard CNBs defined by chiral indices (n, m), the nonstandard CNBs (n, m, l) involve an additional winding index l. Based on extensive quantum chemical calculations, we present a comprehensive study of the relative isomer stability of CNBs containing up to 30 rings. A simple Hückel-based model with a high predictive power reveals that the relative stability of standard CNBs is governed by the π stabilization and the strain destabilization induced by the cylindrical carbon framework, and the former effect prevails over the latter. For nonstandard CNBs, a third stability factor, the H···H repulsion in the benzo[c]phenanthrene-like motifs, is also shown to be important and can be incorporated into the simple quantitative model. In general, lower-energy CNB isomers have a larger HOMO-LUMO gap, suggesting that their thermodynamic stability coincides with kinetic stability. The most stable CNB isomers determined can be considered the optimal targets for future synthesis. These results lay an initial foundation and provide a useful theoretical tool for further research on CNBs and related analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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4
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Sabater E, Solà M, Salvador P, Andrada DM. Cage-size effects on the encapsulation of P 2 by fullerenes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:268-277. [PMID: 35546081 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The classic pnictogen dichotomy stands for the great contrast between triply bonding very stable N2 molecules and its heavier congeners, which appear as dimers or oligomers. A banner example involves phosphorus as it occurs in nature as P4 instead of P2 , given its weak π-bonds or strong σ-bonds. The P2 synthetic value has brought Lewis bases and metal coordination stabilization strategies. Herein, we discuss the unrealized encapsulation alternative using the well-known fullerenes' capability to form endohedral and stabilize otherwise unstable molecules. We chose the most stable fullerene structures from Cn (n = 50, 60, 70, 80) and experimentally relevant from Cn (n = 90 and 100) to computationally study the thermodynamics and the geometrical consequences of encapsulating P2 inside the fullerene cages. Given the size differences between P2 and P4 , we show that the fullerenes C70 -C100 are suitable cages to side exclude P4 and host only one molecule of P2 with an intact triple bond. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the process is favorable, overcoming the dimerization energy. Additionally, we have evaluated the host-guest interaction to explain the origins of their stability using energy decomposition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sabater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Mehta N, Martin JML. Reduced-Scaling Double Hybrid Density Functional Theory with Rapid Basis Set Convergence through Localized Pair Natural Orbital F12. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9332-9338. [PMID: 36178852 PMCID: PMC9575149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Following earlier work [Mehta, N.; Martin, J. M. L. J. Chem. Theory Comput.2022, 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00426] that showed how the slow basis set convergence of the double hybrid density functional theory can be obviated by the use of F12 explicit correlation in the GLPT2 step (second order Görling-Levy perturbation theory), we demonstrate here for the very large and chemically diverse GMTKN55 benchmark suite that the CPU time scaling of this step can be reduced (asymptotically linearized) using the localized pair natural orbital (PNO-L) approximation at negligible cost in accuracy.
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6
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Mehta N, Martin JML. Explicitly Correlated Double-Hybrid DFT: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Basis Set Convergence on the GMTKN55 Database. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5978-5991. [PMID: 36099641 PMCID: PMC9558368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Double-hybrid density functional theory (DHDFT) offers
a pathway
to accuracy approaching composite wavefunction approaches such as
G4 theory. However, the Görling–Levy second-order perturbation
theory (GLPT2) term causes them to partially inherit the slow ∝L–3 (with L the maximum
angular momentum) basis set convergence of correlated wavefunction
methods. This could potentially be remedied by introducing F12 explicit
correlation: we investigate the basis set convergence of both DHDFT
and DHDFT-F12 (where GLPT2 is replaced by GLPT2-F12) for the large
and chemically diverse general main-group thermochemistry, kinetics,
and noncovalent interactions (GMTKN55) benchmark suite. The B2GP-PLYP-D3(BJ)
and revDSD-PBEP86-D4 DHDFs are investigated as test cases, together
with orbital basis sets as large as aug-cc-pV5Z and F12 basis sets
as large as cc-pVQZ-F12. We show that F12 greatly accelerates basis
set convergence of DHDFs, to the point that even the modest cc-pVDZ-F12
basis set is closer to the basis set limit than cc-pV(Q+d)Z or def2-QZVPPD
in orbital-based approaches, and in fact comparable in quality to
cc-pV(5+d)Z. Somewhat surprisingly, aug-cc-pVDZ-F12 is not required
even for the anionic subsets. In conclusion, DHDF-F12/VDZ-F12 eliminates
concerns about basis set convergence in both the development and applications
of double-hybrid functionals. Mass storage and I/O bottlenecks for
larger systems can be circumvented by localized pair natural orbital
approximations, which also exhibit much gentler system size scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mehta
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Reḥovot, Israel
| | - Jan M L Martin
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Reḥovot, Israel
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7
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Digitalizing Structure–Symmetry Relations at the Formation of Endofullerenes in Terms of Information Entropy Formalism. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Information entropy indices are widely used for numerical descriptions of chemical structures, though their applications to the processes are scarce. We have applied our original information entropy approach to filling fullerenes with a guest atom. The approach takes into account both the topology and geometry of the fullerene structures. We have studied all possible types of such fillings and found that information entropy (ΔhR) and symmetry changes correlate. ΔhR is negative, positive or zero if symmetry is increased, reduced or does not change, respectively. The ΔhR value and structural reorganization entropy, a contribution to ΔhR, are efficient parameters for the digital classification of the fullerenes involved into the filling process. Based on the calculated values, we have shown that, as the symmetry of the fullerene cage becomes higher, the structural changes due to the filling it with a guest atom become larger. The corresponding analytical expressions and numerical data are discussed.
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8
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Abstract
The computational modeling of fullerenes plays a fundamental role in designing low-dimension carbon nanostructures. Nevertheless, the relative energies of fullerenes larger than C20 and C24 have not been comprehensively examined by means of highly accurate ab initio methods, for example, the CCSD(T) method. Here we report such an investigation for a diverse set of 29 C40 isomers. We calculate the energies of the C40 fullerenes using the G4(MP2) composite ab initio method, which approximates the CCSD(T) energy in conjunction with a triple-ζ-quality basis set (CCSD(T)/TZ). The CCSD(T)/TZ isomerization energies span 43.1-763.3 kJ mol-1. We find a linear correlation (R2 = 0.96) between the CCSD(T)/TZ isomerization energies and the fullerene pentagon signatures (P1 index), which reflect the strain associated with fused pentagon-pentagon rings. Using the reference CCSD(T)/TZ isomerization energies, we examine the relationship between the percentage of exact Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange in hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods and the pentagon-pentagon strain energies. We find that the performance of hybrid DFT methods deteriorates with the pentagon-pentagon strain energy. This deterioration in performance becomes more pronounced with the inclusion of high amounts of HF exchange. For example, for B3LYP (20% HF exchange), the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) relative to G4(MP2) increases from 8.9 kJ mol-1 for the low-strain isomers (P1 = 11) to 18.0 kJ mol-1 for the high-strain isomers (P1 > 13). However, for BH&HLYP (50% HF exchange) the RMSD increases from 23.0 (P1 = 11) to 113.2 (P1 > 13) kJ mol-1. A similar trend is observed for the M06/M06-2X pair of functionals. Namely, for M06 (27% HF exchange) the RMSD increases from 0.8 (P1 = 11) to 21.0 (P1 > 13) kJ mol-1, whereas for M06-2X (54% HF exchange) the RMSD increases from 16.7 (P1 = 11) to 77.7 (P1 > 13) kJ mol-1. Overall, we find that the strain associated with pentagon adjacency is an inherently challenging problem for hybrid DFT methods involving high amounts of HF exchange and that there is an inverse relationship between the optimal percentage of HF exchange and the pentagon-pentagon strain energy. For example, for BLYP the optimal percentages of HF exchange are 13% (P1 = 11), 10% (P1 = 12), 7.5% (P1 = 13), and 6% (P1 > 13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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9
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Otero-de-la-Roza A. Finding critical points and reconstruction of electron densities on grids. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:224116. [PMID: 35705403 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), developed by Bader and co-workers, is one of the most popular ways of extracting chemical insight from the results of quantum mechanical calculations. One of the basic tasks in QTAIM is to locate the critical points of the electron density and calculate various quantities (density, Laplacian, etc.) on them since these have been found to correlate with molecular properties of interest. If the electron density is given analytically, this process is relatively straightforward. However, locating the critical points is more challenging if the density is known only on a three-dimensional uniform grid. A density grid is common in periodic solids because it is the natural expression for the electron density in plane-wave calculations. In this article, we explore the reconstruction of the electron density from a grid and its use in critical point localization. The proposed reconstruction method employs polyharmonic spline interpolation combined with a smoothing function based on the promolecular density. The critical point search based on this reconstruction is accurate, trivially parallelizable, works for periodic and non-periodic systems, does not present directional lattice bias when the grid is non-orthogonal, and locates all critical points of the underlying electron density in all tests studied. The proposed method also provides an accurate reconstruction of the electron density over the space spanned by the grid, which may be useful in other contexts besides critical point localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica and MALTA Consolider Team, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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10
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Abstract
We calculate transformation pathways between fullerene and octahedral carbon clusters and between a buckyball and its bowl-shaped isomer. The energies and gradients are provided by efficient tight-binding potentials, which are interfaced to our Energy Landscape exploration software. From the global energy landscape, we extract the mechanistic and kinetic parameters as a function of temperature, and compare our results to selected density functional theory (DFT) (PBE/cc-pVTZ) benchmarks. Infrared spectra are calculated to provide data for experimental identification of the clusters and differentiation of their isomers. Our results suggest that the formation of buckyballs from a buckybowl will be suppressed at elevated temperatures (above around 5250 K) due to entropic effects, which may provide useful insight into the detection of cosmic fullerenes.
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11
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Correlation between the energetic and thermal properties of C40 fullerene isomers: An accurate machine-learning force field study. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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13
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Han Y, Li M, Zhao X. Effects of orbital angles on the modeling of conjugated systems with curvature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27467-27473. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Models with angle corrections give well predictions of both neutral and charged fullerenes. The integrals of nonparallel orbitals explain why angle features of designed and deep-learning models are necessary to describe conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Han
- Institute of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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14
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Methodological Investigation for Hydrogen Addition to Small Cage Carbon Fullerenes. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenated small fullerenes (Cn, n < 60) are of interest as potential astrochemical species, and as intermediates in hydrogen-catalysed fullerene growth. However, the computational identification of key stable species is difficult due to the vast configurationally space of structures. In this study, we explored routes to predict stable hydrogenated small fullerenes. We showed that neither local fullerene geometry nor local electronic structure analysis was able to correctly predict subsequent low-energy hydrogenation sites, and sequential stable addition searches also sometimes failed to identify most stable hydrogenated fullerene isomers. Of the empirical and semi-empirical methods tested, GFN2-xTB consistently gave highly accurate energy correlations (r > 0.99) to full DFT-LDA calculations at a fraction of the computational cost. This allowed identification of the most stable hydrogenated fullerenes up to 4H for four fullerenes, namely two isomers of C28 and C40, via “brute force” systematic testing of all symmetry-inequivalent combinations. The approach shows promise for wider systematic studies of smaller hydrogenated fullerenes.
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15
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Covalently Bonded Fullerene Nano-Aggregates (C60)n: Digitalizing Their Energy–Topology–Symmetry. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerene dimers and oligomers are attractive molecular objects with an intermediate position between the molecules and nanostructures. Due to the size, computationally assessing their structures and molecular properties is challenging, as it currently requires high-cost quantum chemical techniques. In this work, we have jointly studied energies, topological (Wiener indices and roundness), and information theoretic (information entropy) descriptors, and have obtained regularities in triad ‘energy–topology–symmetry’. We have found that the topological indices are convenient to indicating the most and least reactive atoms of the fullerene dimer structures, whereas information entropy is more suitable to evaluate odd–even effects on the symmetry of (C60)n. Quantum chemically assessed stabilities of selected C120 structures, as well as linear and zigzag (C60)n, are discussed.
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16
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Can force fields developed for carbon nanomaterials describe the isomerization energies of fullerenes? Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Waite SL, Karton A, Chan B, Page AJ. Thermochemical stabilities of giant fullerenes using density functional tight binding theory and isodesmic-type reactions. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:222-230. [PMID: 33219554 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a systematic assessment of the density functional tight binding (DFTB) method for calculating heats of formation of fullerenes with isodesmic-type reaction schemes. We show that DFTB3-D/3ob can accurately predict Δf H values of the 1812 structural isomers of C60 , reproduce subtle trends in Δf H values for 24 isolated pentagon rule (IPR) isomers of C84 , and predict Δf H values of giant fullerenes that are in effectively exact agreement with benchmark DSD-PBEP86/def2-QZVPP calculations. For fullerenes up to C320 , DFTB Δf H values are within 1.0 kJ mol-1 of DSD-PBEP86/def2-QZVPP values per carbon atom, and on a per carbon atom basis DFTB3-D/3ob yields exactly the same numerical trend of (Δf H [per carbon] = 722n-0.72 + 5.2 kJ mol-1 ). DFTB3-D/3ob is therefore an accurate replacement for high-level DHDFT and composite thermochemical methods in predicting of thermochemical stabilities of giant fullerenes and analogous nanocarbon architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Waite
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Alister J Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Mehta N, Goerigk L. Assessing the Applicability of the Geometric Counterpoise Correction in B2PLYP/Double-ζ Calculations for Thermochemistry, Kinetics, and Noncovalent Interactions. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a proof-of-concept study of the suitability of Kruse and Grimme’s geometric counterpoise correction (gCP) for basis set superposition errors (BSSEs) in double-hybrid density functional calculations with a double-ζ basis set. The gCP approach only requires geometrical information as an input and no orbital/density information is needed. Therefore, this correction is practically free of any additional cost. gCP is trained against the Boys and Bernardi counterpoise correction across a set of 528 noncovalently bound dimers. We investigate the suitability of the approach for the B2PLYP/def2-SVP level of theory, and reveal error compensation effects—missing London dispersion and the BSSE—associated with B2PLYP/def2-SVP calculations, and present B2PLYP-gCP-D3(BJ)/def2-SVP with the reparametrised DFT-D3(BJ) and gCP corrections as a more balanced alternative. Benchmarking results on the S66x8 benchmark set for noncovalent interactions and the GMTKN55 database for main-group thermochemistry, kinetics, and noncovalent interactions show a statistical improvement of the B2PLYP-gCP-D3(BJ) scheme over plain B2PLYP and B2PLYP-D3(BJ). B2PLYP-D3(BJ) shows significant overestimation of interaction energies, barrier heights with larger deviations from the reference values, and wrong relative stabilities in conformers, all of which can be associated with BSSE. We find that the gCP-corrected method represents a significant improvement over B2PLYP-D3(BJ), particularly for intramolecular noncovalent interactions. These findings encourage future developments of efficient double-hybrid DFT strategies that can be applied when double-hybrid calculations with large basis sets are not feasible due to system size.
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19
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Semidalas E, Martin JML. Canonical and DLPNO-Based Composite Wavefunction Methods Parametrized against Large and Chemically Diverse Training Sets. 2: Correlation-Consistent Basis Sets, Core-Valence Correlation, and F12 Alternatives. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7507-7524. [PMID: 33200931 PMCID: PMC7735707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A hierarchy
of wavefunction composite methods (cWFT), based on
G4-type cWFT methods available for elements H through Rn, was recently
reported by the present authors [J. Chem. Theor. Comput.2020, 16, 4238]. We extend this hierarchy
by considering the inner-shell correlation energy in the second-order
Møller–Plesset correction and replacing the Weigend–Ahlrichs
def2-mZVPP(D) basis sets used with complete basis
set extrapolation from augmented correlation-consistent core–valence
triple-ζ, aug-cc-pwCVTZ(-PP), and quadruple-ζ, aug-cc-pwCVQZ(-PP),
basis sets, thus creating cc-G4-type methods. For the large and chemically
diverse GMTKN55 benchmark suite, they represent a substantial further
improvement and bring WTMAD2 (weighted mean absolute deviation) down
below 1 kcal/mol. Intriguingly, the lion’s share of the improvement
comes from better capture of valence correlation; the inclusion of
core–valence correlation is almost an order of magnitude less
important. These robust correlation-consistent cWFT methods approach
the CCSD(T) complete basis limit with just one or a few fitted parameters.
Particularly, the DLPNO variants such as cc-G4-T-DLPNO are applicable
to fairly large molecules at a modest computational cost, as is (for
a reduced range of elements) a different variant using MP2-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12
for the MP2 component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Semidalas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jan M L Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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20
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Sologubov SS, Markin AV, Ogurtsov TG, Smirnova NN, Markin GV, Ketkov SY, Cherkasov VK. Calorimetric Study of Bis(η6-Diphenyl)chromium Fulleride [(η6-Ph2)2Cr]$$^{{ \bullet + }}$$[C70]$$^{{ \bullet - }}$$. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420130245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Egorov AA, Vesnin AY. On correlation of hyperbolic volumes of fullerenes with their properties. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL BIOPHYSICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/cmb-2020-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We observe that fullerene graphs are one-skeletons of polyhedra, which can be realized with all dihedral angles equal to π /2 in a hyperbolic 3-dimensional space. One of the most important invariants of such a polyhedron is its volume. We are referring this volume as a hyperbolic volume of a fullerene. It is known that some topological indices of graphs of chemical compounds serve as strong descriptors and correlate with chemical properties. We demonstrate that hyperbolic volume of fullerenes correlates with few important topological indices and so, hyperbolic volume can serve as a chemical descriptor too. The correlation between hyperbolic volume of fullerene and its Wiener index suggested few conjectures on volumes of hyperbolic polyhedra. These conjectures are confirmed for the initial list of fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Yu. Vesnin
- Tomsk State University and Sobolev Institute of Mathematics , Russia
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22
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Abstract
A compilation of ZZ polynomials (aka Zhang–Zhang polynomials or Clar covering polynomials) for all isomers of small (5,6)-fullerenes Cn with n = 20–50 is presented. The ZZ polynomials concisely summarize the most important topological invariants of the fullerene isomers: the number of Kekulé structures K, the Clar number Cl, the first Herndon number h1, the total number of Clar covers C, and the number of Clar structures. The presented results should be useful as benchmark data for designing algorithms and computer programs aiming at topological analysis of fullerenes and at generation of resonance structures for valence-bond quantum-chemical calculations.
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23
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Chan B. Fullerene Thermochemical Stability: Accurate Heats of Formation for Small Fullerenes, the Importance of Structural Deformation on Reactivity, and the Special Stability of C 60. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6688-6698. [PMID: 32786665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used quantum chemistry computations, in conjunction with isodesmic-type reactions, to obtain accurate heats of formation (HoFs) for the small fullerenes C20 (2358.2 ± 8.0 kJ mol-1), C24 (2566.2 ± 7.6), and the lowest-energy isomers of C32 (2461.1 ± 15.4), C42 (2629.0 ± 20.5), and C54 (2686.2 ± 25.3). As part of this endeavor, we have also obtained accurate HoFs for several medium-sized molecules, namely 216.6 ± 1.4 for fulvene, 375.5 ± 1.5 for pentalene, 670.8 ± 2.9 for acepentalene, and 262.7 ± 2.5 for acenaphthylene. We combine the energies of the small fullerenes and previously obtained energies for larger fullerenes (from C60 to C6000) into a full picture of fullerene thermochemical stability. In general, the per-carbon energies can be reasonably approximated by the "R+D" model that we have previously developed [Chan et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 1255-1264], which takes into account Resonance and structural Deformation factors. In a case study on C54, we find that most of the high-deformation-energy atoms correspond to the sites of the C-Cl bond in the experimentally captured C54Cl8. In another case study, we find that C60 has the lowest value for the maximum local-deformation energy when compared with similar-sized fullerenes, which is consistent with its "special stability". These results are indicative of structural deformation playing an important role in the reactivity of fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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24
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Förster A, Visscher L. Double hybrid DFT calculations with Slater type orbitals. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1660-1684. [PMID: 32297682 PMCID: PMC7317772 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On a comprehensive database with 1,644 datapoints, covering several aspects of main-group as well as of transition metal chemistry, we assess the performance of 60 density functional approximations (DFA), among them 36 double hybrids (DH). All calculations are performed using a Slater type orbital (STO) basis set of triple-ζ (TZ) quality and the highly efficient pair atomic resolution of the identity approach for the exchange- and Coulomb-term of the KS matrix (PARI-K and PARI-J, respectively) and for the evaluation of the MP2 energy correction (PARI-MP2). Employing the quadratic scaling SOS-AO-PARI-MP2 algorithm, DHs based on the spin-opposite-scaled (SOS) MP2 approximation are benchmarked against a database of large molecules. We evaluate the accuracy of STO/PARI calculations for B3LYP as well as for the DH B2GP-PLYP and show that the combined basis set and PARI-error is comparable to the one obtained using the well-known def2-TZVPP Gaussian-type basis set in conjunction with global density fitting. While quadruple-ζ (QZ) calculations are currently not feasible for PARI-MP2 due to numerical issues, we show that, on the TZ level, Jacob's ladder for classifying DFAs is reproduced. However, while the best DHs are more accurate than the best hybrids, the improvements are less pronounced than the ones commonly found on the QZ level. For conformers of organic molecules and noncovalent interactions where very high accuracy is required for qualitatively correct results, DHs provide only small improvements over hybrids, while they still excel in thermochemistry, kinetics, transition metal chemistry and the description of strained organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Förster
- Theoretical ChemistryVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Theoretical ChemistryVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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25
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Skeletal Rearrangements of the C240 Fullerene: Efficient Topological Descriptors for Monitoring Stone–Wales Transformations. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stone–Wales rearrangements of the fullerene surface are an uncharted field in theoretical chemistry. Here, we study them on the example of the giant icosahedral fullerene C240 to demonstrate the complex chemical mechanisms emerging on its carbon skeleton. The Stone–Wales transformations of C240 can produce the defected isomers containing heptagons, extra pentagons and other unordinary rings. Their formations have been described in terms of (i) quantum-chemically calculated energetic, molecular, and geometric parameters; and (ii) topological indices. We have found the correlations between the quantities from the two sets that point out the role of long-range topological defects in governing the formation and the chemical reactivity of fullerene molecules.
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26
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Semidalas E, Martin JML. Canonical and DLPNO-Based G4(MP2)XK-Inspired Composite Wave Function Methods Parametrized against Large and Chemically Diverse Training Sets: Are They More Accurate and/or Robust than Double-Hybrid DFT? J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4238-4255. [PMID: 32456427 PMCID: PMC7366511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
large and chemically diverse GMTKN55 benchmark was used as
a training set for parametrizing composite wave function thermochemistry
protocols akin to G4(MP2)XK theory (Chan, B.; Karton, A.; Raghavachari,
K. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 4478–4484). On account of their availability
for elements H through Rn, Karlsruhe def2 basis sets were employed.
Even after reparametrization, the GMTKN55 WTMAD2 (weighted mean absolute
deviation, type 2) for G4(MP2)-XK is actually inferior to that of
the best rung-4 DFT functional, ωB97M-V. By increasing the basis
set for the MP2 part to def2-QZVPPD, we were able to substantially
improve performance at modest cost (if an RI-MP2 approximation is
made), with WTMAD2 for this G4(MP2)-XK-D method now comparable to
the better rung-5 functionals (albeit at greater cost). A three-tier
approach with a scaled MP3/def2-TZVPP intermediate step, however,
leads to a G4(MP3)-D method that is markedly superior to even the
best double hybrids ωB97M(2) and revDSD-PBEP86-D4. Evaluating
the CCSD(T) component with a triple-ζ, rather than split-valence,
basis set yields only a modest further improvement that is incommensurate
with the drastic increase in computational cost. G4(MP3)-D and G4(MP2)-XK-D
have about 40% better WTMAD2, at similar or lower computational cost,
than their counterparts G4 and G4(MP2), respectively: detailed comparison
reveals that the difference lies in larger molecules due to basis
set incompleteness error. An E2/{T,Q} extrapolation and a CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP
step provided the G4-T method of high accuracy and with just three
fitted parameters. Using KS orbitals in MP2 leads to the G4(MP3|KS)-D
method, which entirely eliminates the CCSD(T) step and has no steps
costlier than scaled MP3; this shows a path forward to further improvements
in double-hybrid density functional methods. None of our final selections
require an empirical HLC correction; this cuts the number of empirical
parameters in half and avoids discontinuities on potential energy
surfaces. G4-T-DLPNO, a variant in which post-MP2 corrections are
evaluated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T) level, achieves nearly the accuracy
of G4-T but is applicable to much larger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Semidalas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Reḩovot, Israel
| | - Jan M L Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Reḩovot, Israel
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Parker
- School of Computer Sciences & Electronic Eng.University of Essex, Colchester, England
| | - Chris Jeynes
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, Guildford England
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Parker
- School of Computer Sciences & Electronic Eng.University of Essex, Colchester, England
| | - Chris Jeynes
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, Guildford England
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29
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Warczinski L, Franke R, Staemmler V. ESCAPE: A novel approach for a fast estimation of dynamic correlation energies: Application to large organic molecules. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2491-2501. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Warczinski
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH Paul‐Baumann‐Straße 1, Marl Germany
| | - Volker Staemmler
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
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30
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Brémond É, Ciofini I, Sancho-García JC, Adamo C. Double-Hybrid Functionals and Tailored Basis Set: Fullerene (C60) Dimer and Isomers as Test Cases. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10040-10046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Brémond
- ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086, Université de Paris, 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Carlo Adamo
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, F-75005 Paris, France
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31
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Arutyunyan RV, Osadchii AV. Volume-Localized Quantum Levels in Charged Fullerenes. ATOM ENERGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10512-019-00547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Chan B, Kawashima Y, Dawson W, Katouda M, Nakajima T, Hirao K. A Simple Model for Relative Energies of All Fullerenes Reveals the Interplay between Intrinsic Resonance and Structural Deformation Effects in Medium-Sized Fullerenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1255-1264. [PMID: 30701966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are sheets of sp2 carbon atoms wrapped around to form spheres. With this simple consideration, we have in the present study devised and (with over 3600 DFT data points) successfully validated a simple model, termed R+D, for estimating the relative energies of fullerenes. This model contains a resonance component to account for the intrinsic differences between the π-energies of different fullerenes, and a deformation component for treating the distortions from planarity. Notably, we find that both terms (and they alone) are required to obtain good relative energies, which lends support to the formulation of the R+D model. An interesting finding is that for some medium-sized IPR fullerenes, their isomers show similar variations in the two components. We deduce that these fullerenes may represent a good opportunity for tuning molecular properties for practical applications. We hope that the promising results of the present study will encourage further investigations into fullerenes from a fundamental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University , Bunkyo 1-14 , Nagasaki-shi , Nagasaki 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Yukio Kawashima
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - William Dawson
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Michio Katouda
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Kimihiko Hirao
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science , 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
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33
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Zhao D, Liu S, Rong C, Zhong A, Liu S. Toward Understanding the Isomeric Stability of Fullerenes with Density Functional Theory and the Information-Theoretic Approach. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17986-17990. [PMID: 31458389 PMCID: PMC6643390 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For a given size of one fullerene molecule, there could exist many different isomers and their energy landscape is remarkably complex. To have a better understanding of the nature and origin of their isomeric stability, as a continuation of our previous endeavors, we systematically dissect the molecular stability of four fullerene systems, C44, C48, C52, and C60, with a total of 2547 structures, using density functional theory and the information-theoretic approach. The total energy decomposition analysis is beneficial to understand the origin and nature of isomeric stability. Our results showcase that the electrostatic potential is the dominant factor contributing to the isomeric stability of these fullerenes, and other contributions such as steric and quantum effects play minor but indispensable roles. This study also finds that the origin of the isomeric stability of these species is due to the spatial delocalization of the electron density. Our work should provide novel insights into the isomeric stability of fullerene molecules, which have found tremendous applications in solar-energy studies and nanomaterial sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Zhao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan
Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Chunying Rong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan
Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Linhai 318000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research
Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420, United States
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34
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Morgante P, Peverati R. ACCDB: A collection of chemistry databases for broad computational purposes. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:839-848. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Morgante
- Chemistry Program; Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd.; Melbourne Florida, 32901
| | - Roberto Peverati
- Chemistry Program; Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd.; Melbourne Florida, 32901
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35
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Karton A, Waite SL, Page AJ. Performance of DFT for C 60 Isomerization Energies: A Noticeable Exception to Jacob's Ladder. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:257-266. [PMID: 30521343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately calculate relative energies of fullerenes is important in many areas of computational nanotechnology. Because of the large size of fullerenes, their relative energies cannot normally be calculated by means of high-level ab initio procedures, and therefore, density functional theory (DFT) represents a cost-effective alternative. In an extensive benchmark study, we calculate the electronic energies of eight C60 isomers by means of the high-level G4(MP2) composite procedure. G4(MP2) isomerization energies span a wide range between 307.5 and 1074.0 kJ mol-1. We use these benchmark data to assess the performance of DFT, double-hybrid DFT (DHDFT), and MP2-based ab initio methods. Surprisingly, functionals from the second and third rungs of Jacob's Ladder (i.e., GGA and meta-GGA functionals) significantly and systematically outperform hybrid and hybrid-meta-GGA functionals, which occupy higher rungs of Jacob's Ladder. In addition, DHDFT functionals do not offer a substantial improvement over meta-GGA functionals, with respect to isomerization energies. Overall, the best performing functionals with mean absolute deviations (MADs) below 15.0 kJ mol-1 are (MADs given in parentheses) the GGA N12 (14.7); meta-GGAs M06-L (10.6), M11-L (10.8), MN15-L (11.9), and TPSS-D3BJ (12.8); and the DHDFT functionals B2T-PLYP (9.3), mPW2-PLYP (9.8), B2K-PLYP (12.1), and B2GP-PLYP (12.3 kJ mol-1). In light of these results, we recommend the use of meta-GGA functionals for the calculation of fullerene isomerization energies. Finally, we show that inclusion of very small percentages of exact Hartree-Fock exchange (3-5%) slightly improves the performance of the GGA and meta-GGA functionals. However, their performance rapidly deteriorates with the inclusion of larger percentages of exact Hartree-Fock exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Western Australia 6009 , Australia
| | - Simone L Waite
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
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36
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Sanchís J, Milačič R, Zuliani T, Vidmar J, Abad E, Farré M, Barceló D. Occurrence of C 60 and related fullerenes in the Sava River under different hydrologic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1108-1116. [PMID: 30189528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nanomaterials in the environment has caught the attention of the scientific because of the uncertainties in their fate, mobility and potential toxic effects. However, few studies have determined experimentally their concentration levels in aquatic systems up to date, which complicates the development of an adequate risk assessment. In the present study, the occurrence of ten fullerenes has been assessed in the Sava River (Southeastern Europe): 27 freshwater samples and 12 sediment samples from 12 sampling points have been analysed during two sampling campaigns. C60 was the most ubiquitous fullerene, with concentrations of 8 pg/l-59 ng/l and 108-895 pg/gdw in water and sediments, respectively. Statistically significant differences existed between the levels in 2014 and 2015, which has been attributed to the extreme hydrologic conditions (severe floods and drought, respectively). C70 fullerene has been detected in most of the samples and the fullerene derivatives [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester and N‑methyl fulleropyrrolidine have been detected eventually, which highlights that nanotechnology research and development activities are responsible for emitting these emerging contaminants to the environment. The role of diverse potential anthropogenic sources (including oil refinery, general industrial activity, river navigation, urban emissions and nanotechnology) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Sanchís
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Vidmar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Esteban Abad
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marinella Farré
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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37
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Najibi A, Goerigk L. The Nonlocal Kernel in van der Waals Density Functionals as an Additive Correction: An Extensive Analysis with Special Emphasis on the B97M-V and ωB97M-V Approaches. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5725-5738. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Najibi
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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38
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Mehta N, Casanova-Páez M, Goerigk L. Semi-empirical or non-empirical double-hybrid density functionals: which are more robust? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23175-23194. [PMID: 30062343 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-empirical double-hybrid density functionals (DHDFs) is a very active research area with the number of approaches in this field having increased rapidly. At the same time, there is a lack of published work that provides a fair assessment and comparison between non-empirical and semi-empirical DHDFs on an equal footing. Herein, we close this gap and present a thorough analysis of both classes of DHDFs on the large GMTKN55 benchmark database for general main-group thermochemistry, kinetics, and noncovalent interactions [Goerigk et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 32184-32215]. In total, 115 variations of dispersion-corrected and -uncorrected DHDFs are tested, which will be condensed to an in-depth assessment of 31 methods: 19 non-empirical and 12 semi-empirical DHDFs. As such, our study represents the largest DHDF study ever conducted and can serve as an important benchmark informing method developers and users alike. Our results show that semi-empirical DHDFs are the most robust density functional approximations and more reliable and accurate than non-empirical ones. In fact, some non-empirical approaches are even outperformed by hybrid approaches or even dispersion-corrected and -uncorrected MP2 and SCS-MP2. SOS0-PBE0-2-D3(BJ) is the only exception and the only non-empirical DHDF that we can safely recommend for general applicability. However, it is still outperformed by six semi-empirical DHDFs, of which we would like to particularly recommend the following five: ωB97X-2-D3(BJ), DSD-BLYP-D3(BJ), DSD-PBEP86-D3(BJ), B2NC-PLYP-D3(BJ), and B2GPPLYP-D3(BJ). Our findings seriously question current trends in the field and they highlight that novel strategies have to be found in order to outperform the currently best density functional theory methods on the market. We hope that our study can function as an important cornerstone inspiring such a change of direction in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mehta
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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39
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Lao KU, Herbert JM. A Simple Correction for Nonadditive Dispersion within Extended Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (XSAPT). J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5128-5142. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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40
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Gould T. ‘Diet GMTKN55’ offers accelerated benchmarking through a representative subset approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27735-27739. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The GMTKN55 benchmarking protocol allows comprehensive analysis and ranking of density functional approximations with diverse chemical behaviours. This work reports diet versions of GMTKN55 which reproduce key properties of the full protocol at substantially reduced numerical cost. ‘Diet GMTKN55’ can thus be used for benchmarking expensive methods, or in combination with solid state benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gould
- Qld Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University
- Nathan
- Australia
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41
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Pracht P, Bauer CA, Grimme S. Automated and efficient quantum chemical determination and energetic ranking of molecular protonation sites. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2618-2631. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Pracht
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4; 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Alexander Bauer
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4; 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4; 53115 Bonn Germany
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42
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Goerigk L, Hansen A, Bauer C, Ehrlich S, Najibi A, Grimme S. A look at the density functional theory zoo with the advanced GMTKN55 database for general main group thermochemistry, kinetics and noncovalent interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32184-32215. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04913g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present the updated and extended GMTKN55 benchmark database for more accurate and extensive energetic evaluation of density functionals and other electronic structure methods with detailed guidelines for method users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Universität Bonn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Bonn
- Germany
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Universität Bonn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Bonn
- Germany
| | - Stephan Ehrlich
- Universität Bonn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Bonn
- Germany
| | - Asim Najibi
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Universität Bonn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Bonn
- Germany
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