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Gîfu IC, Ianchiș R, Nistor CL, Petcu C, Fierascu I, Fierascu RC. Polyelectrolyte Coatings-A Viable Approach for Cultural Heritage Protection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2873. [PMID: 37049167 PMCID: PMC10096418 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The continuous degradation of cultural heritage artifacts (due to different factors, including the rising air pollution, climate change or excessive biological activity, among others) requires the continuous development of protection strategies, technologies and materials. In this regard, polyelectrolytes have offered effective ways to fight against degradation but also to conserve the cultural heritage objects. In this review, we highlight the key developments in the creation and use of polyelectrolytes for the preservation, consolidation and cleaning of the cultural heritage artifacts (with particular focus on stone, metal and artifacts of organic nature, such as paper, leather, wood or textile). The state of the art in this area is presented, as well as future development perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cătălina Gîfu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM–Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.N.); (C.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Raluca Ianchiș
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM–Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.N.); (C.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Cristina Lavinia Nistor
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM–Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.N.); (C.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Cristian Petcu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM–Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.N.); (C.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM–Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.N.); (C.P.); (I.F.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM–Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.N.); (C.P.); (I.F.)
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Surface Properties of Graffiti Coatings on Sensitive Surfaces Concerning Their Removal with Formulations Based on the Amino-Acid-Type Surfactants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041986. [PMID: 36838974 PMCID: PMC9958821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-in-oil (w/o) nanoemulsions stabilized with amino acid surfactants (AAS) are one example of nanotechnology detergents of the "brush on, wipe off"-type for removing graffiti coatings from different sensitive surfaces. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) process was used to obtain the nanostructured fluids (NSFs), including the non-toxic and eco-friendly components such as AAS, esterified vegetable oils, and ethyl lactate. The most effective NSF detergent was determined by response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. Afterwards, several surface properties, i.e., topography, wettability, surface free energy, and the work of water adhesion to surfaces before and after their coverage with the black graffiti paint, as well as after the removal of the paint layers by the eco-remover, were determined. It was found that the removal of graffiti with the use of the NSF detergent is more dependent on the energetic properties and microporous structure of the paint coatings than on the properties of the substrates on which the layers were deposited. The use of NSFs and knowledge of the surface properties could enable the development of versatile detergents that would remove unwanted contamination from various surfaces easily and in a controlled way.
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Graffiti coating eco-remover developed for sensitive surfaces by using an optimized high-pressure homogenization process. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cryogels loaded with nanostructured fluids studied by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Baglioni M, Sekine FH, Ogura T, Chen SH, Baglioni P. Nanostructured fluids for polymeric coatings removal: Surfactants affect the polymer glass transition temperature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 606:124-134. [PMID: 34390987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nanostructured fluids (NSFs) based on water, organic solvents and surfactants are a valid alternative to the use of neat unconfined organic solvents for polymer coatings removal in art conservation. The physico-chemical processes underpinning their cleaning effectiveness in terms of swelling/dewetting of polymer films were identified as key in this context. The role of surfactants on polymers' dewetting was considered to be mainly restricted to the lowering of interfacial tensions. However, recent experiments evidenced that surfactants have an important role in swelling polymer films. EXPERIMENTS Five different amphiphiles were selected, namely: sodium dodecylsulfate, dimethyldodecyl amine oxide, hexaoxyethylene decyl ether (C9-11E6), pentadecaoxyethylene dodecyl ether (C12E15), and methyoxypentadecaoxyethylene dodecanoate (C11COE15CH3). They were combined with a carefully selected organic solvents' mixture (1-butanol/butanone/dimethyl carbonate) to formulate new NSFs, differing for the surfactant only, and used to perform cleaning tests on surfaces coated with Paraloid B72® and Primal AC33®. Here for the first time, polymer swelling induced by surfactants was quantified and correlated with the glass transition temperature of the two polymers by differential scanning calorimetry, before and after the exposure to the fluids. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering provided additional insights on the interaction mechanism. FINDINGS Nonionics were proven more efficient than zwitterionic/ionic amphiphiles in the polymer swelling, and, overall, methyoxy pentadecaoxyethylene dodecanoate resulted the most effective among the selected surfactants. A direct relation between the effect of surfactants on the polymers' glass transition temperature and cleaning capacity was established. This finding, fundamental to understand the interaction mechanism between NSFs and polymer coatings or paint layers, is key to achieve a selective, effective and complete removal of polymer coatings, as recently shown in the removal of vandalism and over-paintings from street art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Felipe Hidetomo Sekine
- NIKKOL GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd, 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
| | - Taku Ogura
- NIKKOL GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd, 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan; NIKKOL GROUP Cosmos Technical Center Co., Ltd, 3-24-3 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-0046, Japan; Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Noda-shi, Chiba, Yamazaki 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sow-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 24-107, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy; Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 24-107, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Baglioni M, Poggi G, Chelazzi D, Baglioni P. Advanced Materials in Cultural Heritage Conservation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133967. [PMID: 34209620 PMCID: PMC8271397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural Heritage is a crucial socioeconomic resource; yet, recurring degradation processes endanger its preservation. Serendipitous approaches in restoration practice need to be replaced by systematically addressing conservation issues through the development of advanced materials for the preservation of the artifacts. In the last few decades, materials and colloid science have provided valid solutions to counteract degradation, and we report here the main highlights in the formulation and application of materials and methodologies for the cleaning, protection and consolidation of works of art. Several types of artifacts are addressed, from murals to canvas paintings, metal objects, and paper artworks, comprising both classic and modern/contemporary art. Systems, such as nanoparticles, gels, nanostructured cleaning fluids, composites, and other functional materials, are reviewed. Future perspectives are also commented, outlining open issues and trends in this challenging and exciting field.
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Baglioni M, Poggi G, Giorgi R, Rivella P, Ogura T, Baglioni P. Selective removal of over-paintings from "Street Art" using an environmentally friendly nanostructured fluid loaded in highly retentive hydrogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 595:187-201. [PMID: 33827010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The removal of over-paintings or graffiti is a priority for conservators and restorers. This operation is complex, especially when over-paintings lay on painted surfaces that must be preserved, as in the case of vandalism on street art, where the layers are usually chemically similar. Traditional methodologies often do not provide satisfactory results and pose health and eco-compatibility concerns. An alternative methodological approach based on an environmentally friendly nanostructured fluid loaded in a retentive hydrogel is here proposed. EXPERIMENTS Six paints (based on vinyl, acrylic and alkyd polymers) were selected and studied by means of attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The phase behavior of four alkyl carbonates (green, low-toxicity organic solvents) and a biodegradable nonionic surfactant in water was investigated with Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in order to formulate a novel nanostructured cleaning system. The developed system, which also includes 2-butanol and an alkyl glycoside hydrotrope, was loaded in highly retentive hydrogels and tested in the selective removal of over-paintings from laboratory mockups and from real pieces of street art. FINDINGS The selective and controlled removal of modern paints from substrates with similar chemical composition has been achieved using a specifically tailored NSF embedded in a retentive hydrogel. The proposed methodology and cleaning system provided excellent cleaning results, representing a new tool for the conservation of contemporary and, in particular, street art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Giovanna Poggi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Paola Rivella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Taku Ogura
- NIKKOL GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, 103-0002, Tokyo, Japan; NIKKOL GROUP Cosmos Technical Center Co., Ltd., 3-24-3 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, 174-0046, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Piero Baglioni
- CSGI, Center for Colloids and Surface Science, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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Baglioni M, Guaragnone T, Mastrangelo R, Sekine FH, Ogura T, Baglioni P. Nonionic Surfactants for the Cleaning of Works of Art: Insights on Acrylic Polymer Films Dewetting and Artificial Soil Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26704-26716. [PMID: 32394706 PMCID: PMC8007071 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanostructured fluids (NSFs), that is, micellar solutions and microemulsions, in art conservation is often associated with cleaning purposes as the removal of polymeric coatings and/or soil from artistic surfaces. In both cases, the use of NSFs grants significant improvements over the use of traditional cleaning techniques that employ neat unconfined organic solvents, water, or aqueous solutions. The study of the nature and properties of surfactants present in NSF formulations is important to boost the effectiveness of these systems in applicative contexts and in the search of innovative and highly performing amphiphiles. This work reports on the methoxy-pentadeca(oxyethylene) dodecanoate (MPD) surfactant in two different NSFs, whose utilization in conservation of cultural heritage is new. Its effectiveness is compared to the conventional nonionic amphiphiles used in conservation practice, as pentadeca(oxyethylene) dodecyl ether, for the cleaning of poly(ethyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate) 70:30, p(EMA/MA), and artificially soiled surfaces. The mechanism, through which NSFs interact with polymeric coatings or soiled surfaces, was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, photographic observation, contact angle, surface tension measurements, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The results highlighted the superior MPD's performance, both in inducing polymer removal and in detaching the soil from coated surfaces. At the microscale, the cleaning involves dewetting-like processes, where the polymer or the soil oily phase is detached from the surface and coalesce into separated droplets. This can be accounted by considering the different surface tensions and the different adsorption mechanisms of MPD with respect to ordinary nonionic surfactants (likely due to the methyl capping of the polar head chain and to the presence of the ester group between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the MPD surfactant molecule), showing how a tiny change in the surfactant architecture can lead to important differences in the cleaning capacity. Overall, this paper provides a detailed description of the mechanism and the kinetics involved in the NSFs cleaning process, opening new perspectives on simple formulations that are able to target at a specific substance to be removed. This is of utmost importance in the conservation of irreplaceable works of art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Teresa Guaragnone
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosangela Mastrangelo
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Felipe Hidetomo Sekine
- NIKKOL
GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, 103-0002 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Ogura
- NIKKOL
GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, 103-0002 Tokyo, Japan
- NIKKOL
GROUP Cosmos Technical Center Co., Ltd., 3-24-3 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, 174-0046 Tokyo, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department
of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Chelazzi D, Bordes R, Giorgi R, Holmberg K, Baglioni P. The use of surfactants in the cleaning of works of art. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Montis C, Koynov K, Best A, Baglioni M, Butt HJ, Berti D, Baglioni P. Surfactants Mediate the Dewetting of Acrylic Polymer Films Commonly Applied to Works of Art. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27288-27296. [PMID: 31179685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The removal of hydrophobic polymer coatings from artistic surfaces is a ubiquitous challenge in art restoration. Over the years, nanostructured fluids (NSFs), aqueous surfactant solutions containing a good solvent for the polymer, have been successfully applied in polymer removal interventions; however, the precise role of the surfactant in promoting polymer film dewetting is not fully understood. This contribution addresses the interaction of a NSF of water/propylene carbonate containing a nonionic surfactant with an acrylic polymer film commonly used in art conservation. Combining confocal microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we monitored the penetration of the fluid into the polymer film, defining its compositional changes and following the polymer swelling. The ensemble of results highlights that the surfactant role is twofold: (i) at the polymer-support interface, it promotes the detachment of the polymer film from the underlying support; (ii) inside the polymer film, it accelerates polymer swelling by increasing the chains' mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence and CSGI , Via della Lastruccia 3 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Andreas Best
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence and CSGI , Via della Lastruccia 3 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence and CSGI , Via della Lastruccia 3 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence and CSGI , Via della Lastruccia 3 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
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Samyn P, Biesalski M, Prucker O, Rühe J. Confining acrylate-benzophenone copolymers into adhesive micropads by photochemical crosslinking. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mallikarjunaiah KJ, Kinnun JJ, Petrache HI, Brown MF. Flexible lipid nanomaterials studied by NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18422-18457. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy inform the emergence of material properties from atomistic-level interactions in membrane lipid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Mallikarjunaiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Arizona
- Tucson
- USA
- Department of Physics
| | - Jacob J. Kinnun
- Department of Physics
- Indiana University-Purdue University
- Indianapolis
- USA
| | - Horia I. Petrache
- Department of Physics
- Indiana University-Purdue University
- Indianapolis
- USA
| | - Michael F. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Arizona
- Tucson
- USA
- Department of Physics
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13
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Application of polymer coatings and nanoparticles in consolidation and hydrophobic treatment of stone monuments. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Baglioni M, Poggi G, Ciolli G, Fratini E, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071144. [PMID: 29976905 PMCID: PMC6073445 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The removal of hydrophobic materials from a porous support, such as wax stains on wall paintings, is particularly challenging. In this context, traditional methods display several drawbacks. The limitations of these methods can be overcome by amphiphile-based aqueous nanostructured fluids, such as micellar solutions and microemulsions. In this study, a microemulsion for the removal of wax spots from artistic surfaces was formulated. The nanostructured fluid includes a non-ionic surfactant, i.e., Triton X-100, and two apolar solvents, namely p-xylene and n-nonane. The solvents were selected on the basis of solubility tests of three waxes in several organic solvents. The nanostructured fluid was characterized by means of small-angle X-rays scattering (SAXS) and the information about micelle structure was used to understand the interaction between the microemulsion and the selected waxes. The microemulsion was then tested during the restoration of the frescoes in the Major Chapel of the Santa Croce Basilica in Florence, Italy. After some preliminary tests on fresco mockups reproduced in the laboratory, the nanostructured fluid was successfully used to clean some wax deposits from the real paintings, hardly removable with traditional physico-mechanical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Giovanna Poggi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Giulia Ciolli
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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15
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Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. Mikroemulsionen, Micellen und funktionelle Gele: Erhaltung von Kunstwerken mit Kolloiden und weicher Materie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence and CSGI-Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florenz Italien
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence and CSGI-Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florenz Italien
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence and CSGI-Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florenz Italien
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Restoration of paper artworks with microemulsions confined in hydrogels for safe and efficient removal of adhesive tapes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5932-5937. [PMID: 29784806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801962115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pressure-sensitive tapes (PSTs) on paper artworks, either fortuitous or specifically applied for conservation purposes, is one of the most frequent and difficult issues encountered during restoration. Aged PSTs can damage or disfigure artworks, compromising structural integrity, readability, and enjoyment. Current procedures are often inherently hazardous for artistic media and paper support. Challenged by the necessity to remove PSTs from a contemporary and an ancient drawing (20th century, by artists da Silva and Hayter, and a 16th-century drawing of one figure from the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo), we addressed this issue from a physicochemical perspective, leveraging colloid and interface science. After a characterization of the specific PSTs present on the artifact, we selected a highly water-retentive hydrogel as the host of 23% wt/wt of "green" organic solvents uniformly dispersed within the gel in the form of nanosized droplets. The double confinement of the organic solvent in the nanodroplets and into the gel network promotes a tailored, controlled removal of PSTs of different natures, with virtually no interaction with the solvent-sensitive artwork. This noninvasive procedure allows complete retrieval of artwork readability. For instance, in the ancient drawing, the PST totally concealed the inscription, "di mano di Michelangelo" ("from Michelangelo's hand"), a possibly false attribution hidden by a collector, which is now perfectly visible and whose origin is currently under investigation. Remarkably, the same methodology was successful for the removal of aged PST adhesive penetrated inside paper fibers of a drawing from the celebrated artist Lucio Fontana.
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Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. Microemulsions, Micelles, and Functional Gels: How Colloids and Soft Matter Preserve Works of Art. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7296-7303. [PMID: 29214696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Colloid science provides fundamental knowledge to fields such as the pharmaceutical, detergency, paint, and food industry. An exciting application is art conservation, which poses a challenge owing to the complex range of interfacial interactions involved in restoring artefacts. Currently, the majority of the most performing and environmentally safe cleaning and consolidation agents for artworks belong to soft matter and colloids. The development and application of increasingly complex systems, from microemulsions to semi-interpenetrating hydrogels containing such fluids, is presented. These systems have been used on diverse artefacts, from Renaissance frescos to works by Picasso and Pollock. Chemical design can be implemented to meet the requirements of curators, and knowledge of the colloid structure and dynamics can overcome serendipitous approaches of traditional conservation practice. Future perspectives for soft matter and colloid science in the field of cultural heritage preservation are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI-Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI-Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI-Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Baglioni M, Montis C, Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Berti D, Baglioni P. Polymer Film Dewetting by Water/Surfactant/Good-Solvent Mixtures: A Mechanistic Insight and Its Implications for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI; University of Florence; via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Florence Italy
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19
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Baglioni M, Montis C, Chelazzi D, Giorgi R, Berti D, Baglioni P. Polymer Film Dewetting by Water/Surfactant/Good-Solvent Mixtures: A Mechanistic Insight and Its Implications for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7355-7359. [PMID: 29215783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous nanostructured fluids (NSFs) have been proposed to remove polymer coatings from the surface of works of art; this process usually involves film dewetting. The NSF cleaning mechanism was studied using several techniques that were employed to obtain mechanistic insight on the interaction of a methacrylic/acrylic copolymer (Paraloid B72) film laid on glass surfaces and several NSFs, based on two solvents and two surfactants. The experimental results provide a detailed picture of the dewetting process. The gyration radius and the reduction of the Tg of Paraloid B72 fully swollen in the two solvents is larger for propylene carbonate than for methyl ethyl ketone, suggesting higher mobility of polymer chains for the former, while a nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant was more effective than sodium dodecylsulfate in favoring the dewetting process. FTIR 2D imaging showed that the dewetting patterns observed on model samples are also present on polymer-coated mortar tiles when exposed to NSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Florence, Italy
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