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Majzner K, Deckert-Gaudig T, Baranska M, Deckert V. DOX-DNA Interactions on the Nanoscale: In Situ Studies Using Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8905-8913. [PMID: 38771097 PMCID: PMC11154666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic anthracyclines, like doxorubicin (DOX), are drugs endowed with cytostatic activity and are widely used in antitumor therapy. Their molecular mechanism of action involves the formation of a stable anthracycline-DNA complex, which prevents cell division and results in cell death. It is known that elevated DOX concentrations induce DNA chain loops and overlaps. Here, for the first time, tip-enhanced Raman scattering was used to identify and localize intercalated DOX in isolated double-stranded calf thymus DNA, and the correlated near-field spectroscopic and morphologic experiments locate the DOX molecules in the DNA and provide further information regarding specific DOX-nucleobase interactions. Thus, the study provides a tool specifically for identifying intercalation markers and generally analyzing drug-DNA interactions. The structure of such complexes down to the molecular level provides mechanistic information about cytotoxicity and the development of potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Majzner
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe
Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
- Leibniz
Insti-tute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str.9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Exper-Imental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Volker Deckert
- Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe
Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
- Leibniz
Insti-tute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str.9, Jena 07745, Germany
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2
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Smeliková V, Kopal I, Člupek M, Dendisová M, Švecová M. Unveiling the Crucial Role of Chemical Enhancement in the SERS Analysis of Amphetamine-Metal Interactions on Gold and Silver Surfaces: Importance of Selective Amplification of the Narrow Interval of Vibrational Modes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5416-5427. [PMID: 38450646 PMCID: PMC11007674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The use of addictive substances, including drugs, poses significant health risks and contributes to various social problems, such as increased crime rates associated with substance-induced aggressive behavior. To address these challenges, possession of addictive substances is legally prohibited. However, detecting and analyzing these substances remain a complex task for law enforcement, primarily due to the presence of adulterants or limited sample quantities. In response to the evolving illicit market, continuous development and adaptation of analytical techniques are essential. One approach is the utilization of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, which involves adsorbing the analyte onto nanostructured plasmonic surfaces. This study explores the potential of SERS in detecting amphetamine-based addictive stimulants with a specific focus on the properties of enhancing surfaces chosen. Comparative investigations were performed using silver and gold surfaces, with gold colloidal systems demonstrating a favorable performance. Moreover, to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the measured spectra, extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted, allowing for a deeper understanding of the observed spectral features and molecular interactions with the metal surfaces. This review presents insights into the role of chemical enhancement in SERS analysis of amphetamine-metal interactions, shedding light on the selective amplification of vibrational modes. These findings, supported by DFT calculations, have implications in the fields of spectroscopy, physical chemistry, and drug analysis, providing valuable contributions to forensic applications and a deeper understanding of chemical enhancement phenomena. We present the impact of the secondary resonances of Stokes-scattered photons. This illustrates the significance of recognizing the constraints of the frequently employed "E4" approximation, even in measurements involving multiple molecules rather than single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Smeliková
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Kopal
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Člupek
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dendisová
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Švecová
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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3
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Peng W, Zhou JW, Li ML, Sun L, Zhang YJ, Li JF. Construction of nanoparticle-on-mirror nanocavities and their applications in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2697-2711. [PMID: 38404398 PMCID: PMC10882497 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocavities exhibit exceptional capabilities in visualizing the internal structure of a single molecule at sub-nanometer resolution. Among these, an easily manufacturable nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) nanocavity is a successful and powerful platform for demonstrating various optical phenomena. Exciting advances in surface-enhanced spectroscopy using NPoM nanocavities have been developed and explored, including enhanced Raman, fluorescence, phosphorescence, upconversion, etc. This perspective emphasizes the construction of NPoM nanocavities and their applications in achieving higher enhancement capabilities or spatial resolution in dark-field scattering spectroscopy and plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy. We describe a systematic framework that elucidates how to meet the requirements for studying light-matter interactions through the creation of well-designed NPoM nanocavities. Additionally, it provides an outlook on the challenges, future development directions, and practical applications in the field of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhou
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Mu-Lin Li
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Lan Sun
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhang
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000 China
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4
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Deckert V, Shaik T, Deckert-Gaudig T. The "Other" Nanoscale Spectroscopy - Tip Enhanced Raman Scattering. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:630. [PMID: 37613081 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Deckert
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanveer Shaik
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
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5
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Fiederling K, Abasifard M, Richter M, Deckert V, Kupfer S, Gräfe S. A Full Quantum Mechanical Approach Assessing the Chemical and Electromagnetic Effect in TERS. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37429582 PMCID: PMC10373516 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a valuable method for surface analysis with nanometer to angstrom-scale resolution; however, the accurate simulation of particular TERS signals remains a computational challenge. We approach this challenge by combining the two main contributors to plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and to the high resolution in TERS, in particular, the electromagnetic and the chemical effect, into one quantum mechanical simulation. The electromagnetic effect describes the sample's interaction with the strong, highly localized, and inhomogeneous electric fields associated with the plasmonic tip and is typically the thematic focus for most mechanistic studies. On the other hand, the chemical effect covers the different responses to the extremely close-range and highly position-sensitive chemical interaction between the apex tip atom(s) and the sample, and, as we could show in previous works, plays an often underestimated role. Starting from a (time-dependent) density functional theory description of the chemical model system, comprised of a tin(II) phthalocyanine sample molecule and a single silver atom as the tip, we introduce the electromagnetic effect through a series of static point charges that recreate the electric field in the vicinity of the plasmonic Ag nanoparticle. By scanning the tip over the molecule along a 3D grid, we can investigate the system's Raman response on each position for nonresonant and resonant illumination. Simulating both effects on their own already hints at the achievable signal enhancement and resolution, but the combination of both creates even stronger evidence that TERS is capable of resolving submolecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fiederling
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mostafa Abasifard
- Institute of Applied Physics and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Richter
- DS Deutschland GmbH, Am Kabellager 11-13, 51063 Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
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6
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Meng B, Xie Y, Chen L, Wang H, Li M, Dong Z. Apex-Confined Plasmonic Tip for High Resolution Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Imaging of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16984-16990. [PMID: 36946568 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a handy technical scheme to decorate atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips toward tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) applications. The major attraction of these homemade tips lies in that silver decoration can be confined at the apex of commercial tips by the means of an AFM-controlled electrochemical reaction. The reduction of Ag+ occurs in a highly sealed environment to secure the metal coating efficiency. Key factors include silver nitrate solution to provide Ag+, ambient relative humidity and temperature in a humidity cell, electric potential bias, and tip-surface distance. Subsequently, these silver-coated tips are evaluated for TERS measurement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) so that both morphological and chemical characteristics of CNTs are concurrently obtained. The Raman spectra reveal that our plasmonic tip competently possesses an ∼30-fold local field signal increase and the corresponding TERS image laterally resolves at the single-pixel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Le Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zhuxin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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7
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Yang B, Chen G, Ghafoor A, Zhang YF, Zhang XB, Li H, Dong XR, Wang RP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Dong ZC. Chemical Enhancement and Quenching in Single-Molecule Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218799. [PMID: 36719175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), the influence mechanism of chemical effects on Raman signals remains elusive. Here, we investigate such chemical effects through tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) of a single planar ZnPc molecule with varying but controlled contact environments. TERS signals are found dramatically enhanced upon making a tip-molecule point contact. A combined physico-chemical mechanism is proposed to explain such an enhancement via the generation of a ground-state charge-transfer induced vertical Raman polarizability that is further enhanced by the strong vertical plasmonic field in the nanocavity. In contrast, TERS signals from ZnPc chemisorbed flatly on substrates are found strongly quenched, which is rationalized by the Raman polarizability screening effect induced by interfacial dynamic charge transfer. Our results provide deep insights into the understanding of the chemical effects in TERS/SERS enhancement and quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Atif Ghafoor
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yu-Fan Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xian-Biao Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Dong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Rui-Pu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,School of Physics and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,School of Physics and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Dong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,School of Physics and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
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8
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Su HS, Chang X, Xu B. Surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies in electrocatalysis: Fundamentals, challenges, and perspectives. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Bryche JF, Vega M, Tempez A, Brulé T, Carlier T, Moreau J, Chaigneau M, Charette PG, Canva M. Spatially-Localized Functionalization on Nanostructured Surfaces for Enhanced Plasmonic Sensing Efficacy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3586. [PMID: 36296775 PMCID: PMC9609756 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the enhancement in plasmonic sensing efficacy resulting from spatially-localized functionalization on nanostructured surfaces, whereby probe molecules are concentrated in areas of high field concentration. Comparison between SERS measurements on nanostructured surfaces (arrays of nanodisks 110 and 220 nm in diameter) with homogeneous and spatially-localized functionalization with thiophenol demonstrates that the Raman signal originates mainly from areas with high field concentration. TERS measurements with 10 nm spatial resolution confirm the field distribution profiles predicted by the numerical modeling. Though this enhancement in plasmonic sensing efficacy is demonstrated with SERS, results apply equally well to any type of optical/plasmonic sensing on functionalized surfaces with nanostructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bryche
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Marlo Vega
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry—Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | - Julien Moreau
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry—Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Paul G. Charette
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Michael Canva
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2-IRL 3463)-CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d’Innovation Technologique (3IT), 3000 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
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10
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Zhang XB, Zhang YF, Li H, Cui J, Jiang S, Yang B, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Dong ZC. Fast fabrication and judgement of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-active tips. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2205094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the scanning tip is crucial for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) experiments towards large signal enhancement and high spatial resolution. In this work, we report a controllable fabrication method to prepare TERS-active tips by modifying the tip apex at the atomic scale, and propose two important criteria to in-situ judge the tip's TERS activity for tip-enhanced Raman measurements. One criterion is based on the downshift of the first image potential state to monitor the coupling between the far-field incident laser and near-field plasmon; the other is based on the appearance of the low-wavenumber Raman peaks associated with an atomistic protrusion at the tip apex to judge the coupling efficiency of emissions from the near field to the far field. This work provides an effective method to quickly fabricate and judge TERS-active tips before real TERS experiments on target molecules and other materials, which is believed to be instrumental for the development of TERS and other tip-enhanced spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Biao Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Fan Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Song Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Dong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Li Z, Kurouski D. Can Light Alter the Yield of Plasmon-Driven Reactions on Gold and Gold-Palladium Nanoplates? NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7484-7491. [PMID: 36122388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Noble-metal nanostructures, as well as their bimetallic analogues, catalyze a broad spectrum of plasmon-driven reactions. Catalytic properties of such nanostructures arise from light-generated surface plasmon resonances that decay forming transient hot electrons and holes. Hot carriers with "slower" dissipation rates accumulate on nanostructures generating an electrostatic potential. In this study, we examine whether light intensity can alter the electrostatic potential of mono- and bimetallic nanostructures changing yields of plasmon-driven reactions. Using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), we quantified the yield of plasmon-driven transformations of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) and 3-mercaptobenzoic acid (3-MBA) on gold and gold-palladium nanoplates (AuNPs and Au@PdNPs, respectively). We found that on AuNPs 3-MBA decarboxylated forming thiophenol (TP), whereas 4-NBT was reduced to DMAB. The yield of both TP and DMAB gradually increased with increasing light intensity. On Au@PdNPs, 3-MBA could be reduced to 3-mercaptophenylmethanol (3-MPM), the yield of which was also directly dependent on the light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- The Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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12
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Rahaman M, Zahn DRT. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of two-dimensional semiconductors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:333001. [PMID: 35671747 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have grown fast into an extraordinary research field due to their unique physical properties compared to other semiconducting materials. The class of materials proved extremely fertile for both fundamental studies and a wide range of applications from electronics/spintronics/optoelectronics to photocatalysis and CO2reduction. 2D materials are highly confined in the out-of-plane direction and often possess very good environmental stability. Therefore, they have also become a popular material system for the manipulation of optoelectronic properties via numerous external parameters. Being a versatile characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy is used extensively to study and characterize various physical properties of 2D materials. However, weak signals and low spatial resolution hinder its application in more advanced systems where decoding local information plays an important role in advancing our understanding of these materials for nanotechnology applications. In this regard, plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been introduced in recent time to investigate local heterogeneous information of 2D semiconductors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 2D semiconductors. We discuss the current state-of-art and provide future perspectives on this specific branch of Raman spectroscopy applied to 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfujur Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsilvania, United States of America
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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13
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Pienpinijtham P, Kitahama Y, Ozaki Y. Progress of tip-enhanced Raman scattering for the last two decades and its challenges in very recent years. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5265-5288. [PMID: 35332899 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has recently attracted remarkable attention as a novel nano-spectroscopy technique. TERS, which provides site-specific information, can be performed on any material surface regardless of morphology. Moreover, it can be applied in various environments, such as ambient air, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), solutions, and electrochemical environments. This review reports on one hand progress of TERS for the last two decades, and on the other hand, its challenges in very recent years. Part of the progress of TERS starts with the prehistory and history of TERS, and then, the characteristics and advantages of TERS are described. Significant emphasis is put on the development of TERS instrumentation and equipment such as ultrahigh vacuum TERS, liquid TERS, electrochemical-TERS, and tip-preparations. Applications of TERS, particularly those with nanocarbons, biological materials, and surface and interface analysis, are mentioned in some detail. In the part on challenges, we focus on the very recent advances in TERS; progress in spatial resolution to the angstrom scale is the hottest topic. Recent TERS studies performed under UHV, for example chemical imaging at the angstrom scale and Raman detection of bond breaking and making of a chemisorbed up-standing single molecules at single-bond level, are reviewed. Of course, there is no clear border between the two parts. In the last part the perspective of TERS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Sensor Research Unit (SRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- National Nanotechnology Center of Advanced Structural and Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yasutaka Kitahama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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14
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Foti A, Venkatesan S, Lebental B, Zucchi G, Ossikovski R. Comparing Commercial Metal-Coated AFM Tips and Home-Made Bulk Gold Tips for Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Polymer Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030451. [PMID: 35159798 PMCID: PMC8840094 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the high specificity and sensitivity of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy. TERS has gained a lot of attention from many nanoscience fields, since this technique can provide chemical and structural information of surfaces and interfaces with nanometric spatial resolution. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are very versatile nanostructures that can be dispersed in organic solvents or polymeric matrices, giving rise to new nanocomposite materials, showing improved mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Moreover, MWCNTs can be easily functionalized with polymers in order to be employed as specific chemical sensors. In this context, TERS is strategic, since it can provide useful information on the cooperation of the two components at the nanoscale for the optimization of the macroscopic properties of the hybrid material. Nevertheless, efficient TERS characterization relies on the geometrical features and material composition of the plasmonic tip used. In this work, after comparing the TERS performance of commercial Ag coated nanotips and home-made bulk Au tips on bare MWCNTs, we show how TERS can be exploited for characterizing MWCNTs mixed with conjugated fluorene copolymers, thus contributing to the understanding of the polymer/CNT interaction process at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Foti
- CNR—IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
| | - Suriya Venkatesan
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bérengère Lebental
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- COSYS-LISIS, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Gaël Zucchi
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Razvigor Ossikovski
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
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15
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Shao F, Zheng L, Lan J, Zenobi R. Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Coadsorbed Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1645-1653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liqing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Abstract
Historically, molecular spectroscopists have focused their attention to the right-hand side of the Schrödinger equation. Our major goal had and still has to do with determining a (bio)molecular system's Hamiltonian operator. From a theoretical spectroscopist's perspective, this entails varying the parameters of a model Hamiltonian until the predicted observables agree with their experimental analogues. In this context, less emphasis has been put on the left-hand side of the equation, where the interplay between a system and its immediate local environment is described. The latter is particularly meaningful and informative in modern applications of optical microscopy and spectroscopy that take advantage of surface plasmons to enhance molecular scattering cross-sections and to increase the attainable spatial resolution that is classically limited by diffraction. Indeed, the manipulation of light near the apex of a metallic nanotip has enabled single molecule detection, identification, and imaging. The distinct advantages of the so-called tip-enhanced optical nanospectroscopy/nanoimaging approaches are self-evident: ultrahigh spatial resolution (nanometer or better) and ultimate sensitivity (down to yoctomolar) are both attainable, all while retaining the ability to chemically fingerprint one molecule at a time (e.g., through Raman scattering). An equally interesting aspect of the same approach stems from using the properties of a single molecule to characterize the local environment in which it resides. This concept of single molecule spectroscopy on the left-hand side of the Schrödinger equation is certainly not novel and has been discussed in pioneering single molecule studies that ultimately led to a Nobel prize in chemistry. That said, local environment mapping through ultrasensitive optical spectroscopy acquires a unique flavor when executed using tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). This is the subject of this Account.In a series of recent reports, our group utilized TERS to characterize different properties of nanolocalized and enhanced optical fields. The platforms that were used to this end consist of chemically functionalized plasmonic nanostructures and nanoparticles imaged using visible-light-irradiated gold- or silver-coated probes of an atomic force microscope. Through a detailed analysis of the recorded spectral nanoimages, we found that molecular Raman spectra may be used to track the magnitudes, resonances, spatiotemporal gradients, and even vector components of optical fields with nanometer spatial resolution under ambient conditions. On the other side of the equation, understanding how spatially varying optical fields modulate molecular nano-Raman spectra is of utmost importance to emerging areas of nanophotonics. For instance, tracking plasmon-enhanced chemical transformations via TERS necessitates a deeper fundamental understanding of the optical signatures of molecular reorientation and multipolar Raman scattering, both of which may be driven by local optical field gradients that are operative in TERS. We illustrate these concepts and introduce the readers to the generally less appreciated and equally exciting world of TERS on the left-hand side of the Schrödinger equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z. El-Khoury
- Chemical Physics and Analysis Group, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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17
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Cialla-May D, Krafft C, Rösch P, Deckert-Gaudig T, Frosch T, Jahn IJ, Pahlow S, Stiebing C, Meyer-Zedler T, Bocklitz T, Schie I, Deckert V, Popp J. Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging in Bioanalytics. Anal Chem 2021; 94:86-119. [PMID: 34920669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Izabella J Jahn
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Pahlow
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Iwan Schie
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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18
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Su HS, Feng HS, Wu X, Sun JJ, Ren B. Recent advances in plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for catalytic reactions on bifunctional metallic nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13962-13975. [PMID: 34477677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic performance for diverse chemical reactions and the in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms requires versatile characterization methods. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS), including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), appears as a powerful technique to characterize the Raman fingerprint information of surface species with high chemical sensitivity and spatial resolution. To expand the range of catalytic reactions studied by PERS, catalytically active metals are integrated with plasmonic metals to produce bifunctional metallic nanostructures. In this minireview, we discuss the recent advances in PERS techniques to probe the chemical reactions catalysed by bifunctional metallic nanostructures. First, we introduce different architectures of these dual-functionality nanostructures. We then highlight the recent works using PERS to investigate important catalytic reactions as well as the electronic and catalytic properties of these nanostructures. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future PERS studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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19
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Shao F, Wang W, Yang W, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Lan J, Dieter Schlüter A, Zenobi R. In-situ nanospectroscopic imaging of plasmon-induced two-dimensional [4+4]-cycloaddition polymerization on Au(111). Nat Commun 2021; 12:4557. [PMID: 34315909 PMCID: PMC8316434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmon-induced chemical reactions (PICRs) have recently become promising approaches for highly efficient light-chemical energy conversion. However, an in-depth understanding of their mechanisms at the nanoscale still remains challenging. Here, we present an in-situ investigation by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) imaging of the plasmon-induced [4+4]-cycloaddition polymerization within anthracene-based monomer monolayers physisorbed on Au(111), and complement the experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This two-dimensional (2D) polymerization can be flexibly triggered and manipulated by the hot carriers, and be monitored simultaneously by TERS in real time and space. TERS imaging provides direct evidence for covalent bond formation with ca. 3.7 nm spatial resolution under ambient conditions. Combined with DFT calculations, the TERS results demonstrate that the lateral polymerization on Au(111) occurs by a hot electron tunneling mechanism, and crosslinks form via a self-stimulating growth mechanism. We show that TERS is promising to be plasmon-induced nanolithography for organic 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - A Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials, Polymer Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Wang CF, O'Callahan BT, Krayev A, El-Khoury PZ. Nanoindentation-enhanced tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:241101. [PMID: 34241355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine nanoindentation, herein achieved using atomic force microscopy-based pulsed-force lithography, with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and imaging. Our approach entails indentation and multimodal characterization of otherwise flat Au substrates, followed by chemical functionalization and TERS spectral imaging of the indented nanostructures. We find that the resulting structures, which vary in shape and size depending on the tip used to produce them, may sustain nano-confined and significantly enhanced local fields. We take advantage of the latter and illustrate TERS-based ultrasensitive detection/chemical fingerprinting as well as chemical reaction imaging-all using a single platform for nano-lithography, topographic imaging, hyperspectral dark field optical microscopy, and TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Andrey Krayev
- Horiba Instruments, Inc., 359 Bel Marin Keys Blvd., Suite 18, Novato, California 94949, USA
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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21
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Liu S, Hammud A, Wolf M, Kumagai T. Atomic Point Contact Raman Spectroscopy of a Si(111)-7 × 7 Surface. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4057-4061. [PMID: 33934600 PMCID: PMC8288640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has recently demonstrated the exceptional sensitivity to observe vibrational structures on the atomic scale. However, it strongly relies on electromagnetic enhancement in plasmonic nanogaps. Here, we demonstrate that atomic point contact (APC) formation between a plasmonic tip and the surface of a bulk Si sample can lead to a dramatic enhancement of Raman scattering and consequently the phonons of the reconstructed Si(111)-7 × 7 surface can be detected. Furthermore, we demonstrate the chemical sensitivity of APC-TERS by probing local vibrations resulting from Si-O bonds on the partially oxidized Si(111)-7 × 7 surface. This approach will expand the applicability of ultrasensitive TERS, exceeding the previous measurement strategies that exploit intense gap-mode plasmons, typically requiring a plasmonic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Liu
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Adnan Hammud
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Center
for Mesoscopic Sciences, Institute for Molecular
Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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22
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Zhang J, Ruediger A. In situ evaluation of plasmonic enhancement of gold tips for plasmon-enhanced imaging techniques. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:053004. [PMID: 34243334 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas are at the core of various optical near-field scanning techniques such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy as they provide the amplification and confinement of the electromagnetic field, which ultimately provides sensitivity and spatial resolution. With a cornucopia of different fabrication methods available, the actual performance of a nanoantenna is often only assessed by whether or not near-field imaging is possible, implying the complete alignment and landing procedure of the scanning probe. We present a semi-quantitative approach to assess the plasmonic enhancement of gold tips via localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhancement of intrinsic gold photoluminescence without the need for interaction with the sample. As the intensity of the plasmon at the apex decreases, a significant change in the shape of the tip signal spectrum is observed, reflecting itself as a decrease in the R2 value (fit quality) for numerical fitting with a Lorentzian, which also provides an approximation for the LSPR wavelength. Our findings suggest that the potential of a tip to perform well as an optical near field antenna may already be assessed in an early stage of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université du Québec, 1650, Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Andreas Ruediger
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université du Québec, 1650, Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
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23
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Jo K, Kumar P, Orr J, Anantharaman SB, Miao J, Motala MJ, Bandyopadhyay A, Kisslinger K, Muratore C, Shenoy VB, Stach EA, Glavin NR, Jariwala D. Direct Optoelectronic Imaging of 2D Semiconductor-3D Metal Buried Interfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5618-5630. [PMID: 33683881 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The semiconductor-metal junction is one of the most critical factors for high-performance electronic devices. In two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor devices, minimizing the voltage drop at this junction is particularly challenging and important. Despite numerous studies concerning contact resistance in 2D semiconductors, the exact nature of the buried interface under a three-dimensional (3D) metal remains unclear. Herein, we report the direct measurement of electrical and optical responses of 2D semiconductor-metal buried interfaces using a recently developed metal-assisted transfer technique to expose the buried interface, which is then directly investigated using scanning probe techniques. We characterize the spatially varying electronic and optical properties of this buried interface with <20 nm resolution. To be specific, potential, conductance, and photoluminescence at the buried metal/MoS2 interface are correlated as a function of a variety of metal deposition conditions as well as the type of metal contacts. We observe that direct evaporation of Au on MoS2 induces a large strain of ∼5% in the MoS2 which, coupled with charge transfer, leads to degenerate doping of the MoS2 underneath the contact. These factors lead to improvement of contact resistance to record values of 138 kΩ μm, as measured using local conductance probes. This approach was adopted to characterize MoS2-In/Au alloy interfaces, demonstrating contact resistance as low as 63 kΩ μm. Our results highlight that the MoS2/metal interface is sensitive to device fabrication methods and provide a universal strategy to characterize buried contact interfaces involving 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Jo
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph Orr
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Surendra B Anantharaman
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jinshui Miao
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J Motala
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Arkamita Bandyopadhyay
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Wang RP, Yang B, Fu Q, Zhang Y, Zhu R, Dong XR, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yang JL, Luo Y, Dong ZC, Hou JG. Raman Detection of Bond Breaking and Making of a Chemisorbed Up-Standing Single Molecule at Single-Bond Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1961-1968. [PMID: 33591760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Probing bond breaking and making as well as related structural changes at the single-molecule level is of paramount importance for understanding the mechanism of chemical reactions. In this work, we report in situ tracking of bond breaking and making of an up-standing melamine molecule chemisorbed on Cu(100) by subnanometer resolved tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). We demonstrate a vertical detection depth of about 4 Å with spectral sensitivity at the single chemical-bond level, which allows us not only to justify the up-standing configuration involving a dehydrogenation process at the bottom upon chemisorption, but also to specify the breaking of top N-H bonds and the transformation to its tautomer during photon-induced hydrogen transfer reactions. Our results indicate the chemical and structural sensitivity of TERS for single-molecule recognition beyond flat-lying planar molecules, providing new opportunities for probing the microscopic mechanism of molecular adsorption and surface reactions at the chemical-bond level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Pu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J G Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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25
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Xu J, Zhu X, Tan S, Zhang Y, Li B, Tian Y, Shan H, Cui X, Zhao A, Dong Z, Yang J, Luo Y, Wang B, Hou JG. Determining structural and chemical heterogeneities of surface species at the single-bond limit. Science 2021; 371:818-822. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yunzhe Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huan Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xuefeng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenchao Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J. G. Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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26
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He L, Rahaman M, Madeira TI, Zahn DR. Understanding the Role of Different Substrate Geometries for Achieving Optimum Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensitivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:376. [PMID: 33540743 PMCID: PMC7913005 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has experienced tremendous progress over the last two decades. Despite detecting single molecules and achieving sub-nanometer spatial resolution, attaining high TERS sensitivity is still a challenging task due to low reproducibility of tip fabrication, especially regarding very sharp tip apices. Here, we present an approach for achieving strong TERS sensitivity via a systematic study of the near-field enhancement properties in the so-called gap-mode TERS configurations using the combination of finite element method (FEM) simulations and TERS experiments. In the simulation study, a gold tip apex is fixed at 80 nm of diameter, and the substrate consists of 20 nm high gold nanodiscs with diameter varying from 5 nm to 120 nm placed on a flat extended gold substrate. The local electric field distributions are computed in the spectral range from 500 nm to 800 nm with the tip placed both at the center and the edge of the gold nanostructure. The model is then compared with the typical gap-mode TERS configuration, in which a tip of varying diameter from 2 nm to 160 nm is placed in the proximity of a gold thin film. Our simulations show that the tip-nanodisc combined system provides much improved TERS sensitivity compared to the conventional gap-mode TERS configuration. We find that for the same tip diameter, the spatial resolution achieved in the tip-nanodisc model is much better than that observed in the conventional gap-mode TERS, which requires a very sharp metal tip to achieve the same spatial resolution on an extended metal substrate. Finally, TERS experiments are conducted on gold nanodisc arrays using home-built gold tips to validate our simulation results. Our simulations provide a guide for designing and realization of both high-spatial resolution and strong TERS intensity in future TERS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (L.H.); (T.I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
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27
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Dong ZC. Scanning Raman picoscopy: Ångström-resolved tip-enhanced Raman spectromicroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-chao Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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28
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Fiederling K, Kupfer S, Gräfe S. Are charged tips driving TERS-resolution? A full quantum chemical approach. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:034106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0031763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Fiederling
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S. Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S. Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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29
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Kranz C, Wächtler M. Characterizing photocatalysts for water splitting: from atoms to bulk and from slow to ultrafast processes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1407-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on characterisation techniques for light-driven redox-catalysts highlighting spectroscopic, microscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kranz
- Ulm University
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- Department Functional Interfaces
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
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30
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Geng X, Wu C, Liu S, Han Y, Song L, Zhang Y. Fabrication optimization and application of 3D hybrid SERS substrates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31400-31407. [PMID: 35496872 PMCID: PMC9041343 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04473g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures with nanoparticles that can be tuned have got a lot of attention in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to the unique 3D plasmonic coupling. Here, two nanoparticles, gold nanosphere (AuNS) and gold nanooctahedra (AuNO), were used to construct 3D hybrid SERS substrates to investigate the effect of nanoparticle spatial position on the SERS performance of the 3D nanostructure and to obtain 3D substrates with high SERS activity. And more hybrid combination possibilities were tested to explore the variation trend of hot spots generated when the nanoparticles were near. First, two-dimensional (2D) planar substrates were prepared using the air–liquid interface-assisted self-assembly method, to examine the effect of nanoparticle size on SERS performance. Then, 3D hybrid SERS substrates were further prepared layer by layer to discuss the effect of different combination methods within three layers on SERS performance. The optimized 3D hybrid substrate with the sandwich structure of AuNS/AuNO/AuNS performed the strongest SERS enhancement effect, whose intensity was 4.1 and 1.9 times that of AuNS/AuNS/AuNS and AuNO/AuNO/AuNO, respectively, and had good reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.08%). Furthermore, the thiram molecular result showed that the prepared AuNS/AuNO/AuNS had good linear relationship (R2 of 0.991) and good molecule detection sensitivity (the minimum detection volume of thiram is 100 ppb), which demonstrated the great potential of the 3D hybrid SERS substrates in practical analysis. The SERS effect of 3D hybrid substrate composed of AuNS and AuNO can be adjusted by changing the size and location of nanoparticles in the substrate, and SERS effect of the optimized substrate was better than that prepared by single nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Siying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi 341000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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31
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Capaccio A, Sasso A, Tarallo O, Rusciano G. Coral-like plasmonic probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24376-24384. [PMID: 33179660 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the analysis of system interfaces, enabling access to chemical information with nanometric spatial resolution and sensitivity up to the single molecule level. Such features are due to the presence of proper metallic nanostructures at the TERS probe apex, which, via the excitation of a plasmonic field, confine light to a nanometric region. The nano-sized characteristic of such metallic structures intrinsically renders the fabrication of high performing and reproducible TERS probes still a challenge. In this paper, we present a facile, rapid and effective approach to prepare Ag-based TERS probes. The fabrication process proposed herein is based on spinodal dewetting of Ag-coated AFM-probes through a RF plasma treatment. The obtained probes appear covered with a coral-like silver nanotexture, endowed with an excellent plasmonic activity. Intriguingly, such a texture can be easily tuned by changing some process parameters, such as Ag film thickness and exposure time to the plasma. The as-prepared TERS probes show a high TERS enhancement, reaching 107, and allow a good spatial resolution, down to 10 nm. Finally, we suggest an easy and effective procedure to restore oxidized TERS tips following exposure to ambient air, which can be applied to all types of Ag-based TERS tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Capaccio
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univesitario Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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32
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Milekhin IA, Rahaman M, Anikin KV, Rodyakina EE, Duda TA, Saidzhonov BM, Vasiliev RB, Dzhagan VM, Milekhin AG, Latyshev AV, Zahn DRT. Resonant tip-enhanced Raman scattering by CdSe nanocrystals on plasmonic substrates. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5441-5449. [PMID: 36132045 PMCID: PMC9417628 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has recently emerged as a powerful technique for studying the local properties of low dimensional materials. Being a plasmon driven system, a dramatic enhancement of the TERS sensitivity can be achieved by an appropriate choice of the plasmonic substrate in the so-called gap-mode configuration. Here, we investigate the phonon properties of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) utilizing gap-mode TERS. Using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, we homogeneously deposited submonolayers of colloidal CdSe NCs on two different nanostructured plasmonic substrates. Amplified by resonant gap-mode TERS, the scattering by the optical phonon modes of CdSe NCs is markedly enhanced making it possible to observe up to the third overtone of the LO mode reliably. The home-made plasmonic substrates and TERS tips allow the analysis of the TERS images of CdSe phonon modes with nanometer spatial resolution. The CdSe phonon scattering intensity is strongly correlated with the local electromagnetic field distribution across the plasmonic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Milekhin
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - M Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - K V Anikin
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - E E Rodyakina
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - T A Duda
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - B M Saidzhonov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Material Science, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - R B Vasiliev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Material Science, Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - V M Dzhagan
- V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics UA-03028 Kiev Ukraine
| | - A G Milekhin
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - A V Latyshev
- Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics Novosibirsk Russia
| | - D R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology D-09107 Chemnitz Germany
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33
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Sartin MM, Su HS, Wang X, Ren B. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for nanoscale probing of dynamic chemical systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:170901. [PMID: 33167627 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics are fundamental to all aspects of chemistry and play a central role in the mechanism and product distribution of a chemical reaction. All dynamic processes are influenced by the local environment, so it is of fundamental and practical value to understand the structure of the environment and the dynamics with nanoscale resolution. Most techniques for measuring dynamic processes have microscopic spatial resolution and can only measure the average behavior of a large ensemble of sites within their sampling volumes. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a powerful tool for overcoming this limitation due to its combination of high chemical specificity and spatial resolution that is on the nanometer scale. Adapting it for the study of dynamic systems remains a work in progress, but the increasing sophistication of TERS is making such studies more routine, and there are now growing efforts to use TERS to examine more complex processes. This Perspective aims to promote development in this area of research by highlighting recent progress in using TERS to understand reacting and dynamic systems, ranging from simple model reactions to complex processes with practical applications. We discuss the unique challenges and opportunities that TERS presents for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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34
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Lee J, Tallarida N, Rios L, Ara Apkarian V. The Raman Spectrum of a Single Molecule on an Electrochemically Etched Silver Tip. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1414-1422. [PMID: 32705875 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820949274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We recorded the Raman spectrum of a single azobenzene thiol molecule upon picking it up from an atomically flat gold surface, using an electrochemically etched silver tip, in an ultrahigh vacuum cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope. While suppressed at the junction, the stationary spectrum appeared once the molecule was transferred to the tip, with line intensities that increased by a factor of ∼5 as the tip was retracted from 1 nm to 161 nm. The effect, and the enhanced tensorial Raman spectrum was reproduced using an explicit treatment of the electromagnetic fields to identify a cis-azobenzene thiol molecule, adsorbed on a nanometric asperity removed from the tip apex, lying in the plane normal to the tip z-axis, with enhanced incident and radiative local fields polarized in the same plane. Tips decorated with asperities break the rules and give unique insights on Raman driven by cavity modes of a plasmonic junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Nicholas Tallarida
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Laura Rios
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - V Ara Apkarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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35
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Uemura S, Vantasin S, Kitahama Y, Tanaka YY, Suzuki T, Doujima D, Kaneko T, Ozaki Y. Interactions Between Epitaxial Graphene Grown on the Si- and C-Faces of 4H-SiC Investigated Using Raman Imaging and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1384-1390. [PMID: 32627577 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820944247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between epitaxial graphene grown on Si- and C-faces were investigated using Raman imaging and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). In the TERS spectrum, which has a spatial resolution exceeding the diffraction limit, a D band was observed not from graphene surface, but from the edges of the epitaxial graphene ribbons without a buffer layer, which interacts with SiC on the Si-face. In contrast, for a graphene micro-island on the C-face, the D band disappeared even on the edges where the C atoms were arranged in armchair configurations. The disappearance of the edge chirality via combination between the C atoms and SiC on the C-face is responsible for this phenomenon. The TERS signals from the C-face were weaker than those from the Si-face without the buffer layer. On the Si-face with a buffer layer, the graphene TERS signal was hardly observed. TERS enhancement was suppressed by interactions on the edges or by the buffer layer between the SiC and graphene on the C- or Si-face, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Uemura
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sanpon Vantasin
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitahama
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | | | - Daichi Doujima
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kaneko
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
- 226492Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Japan
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36
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Laser spectroscopic technique for direct identification of a single virus I: FASTER CARS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27820-27824. [PMID: 33093197 PMCID: PMC7668096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013169117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface features of a virus are very important in determining its virility. For example, the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the ACE2 receptor site of the host cell with a much stronger affinity than did the original SARS virus. Thus, it is clearly important to understand the virion surface structure. To that end, the present paper combines the spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy and the spectral resolution of coherent Raman spectroscopy. This combination of tip-enhanced microscopy using femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FAST CARS) with enhanced resolution (FASTER CARS) allows us to map a single virus particle with nanometer resolution and chemical specificity. From the famous 1918 H1N1 influenza to the present COVID-19 pandemic, the need for improved viral detection techniques is all too apparent. The aim of the present paper is to show that identification of individual virus particles in clinical sample materials quickly and reliably is near at hand. First of all, our team has developed techniques for identification of virions based on a modular atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques with enhanced resolution via coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FASTER CARS) using tip-enhanced techniques markedly improves the sensitivity [M. O. Scully, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 10994–11001 (2002)].
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37
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Oliveira BS, Archanjo BS, Valaski R, Achete CA, Cançado LG, Jorio A, Vasconcelos TL. Nanofabrication of plasmon-tunable nanoantennas for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:114201. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0021560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S. Oliveira
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Bráulio S. Archanjo
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Rogério Valaski
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Achete
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Cançado
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Ado Jorio
- Electrical Engineering and Innovation Technology Graduate Programs, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago L. Vasconcelos
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
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38
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Zhang J, Youssef AH, Dörfler A, Kolhatkar G, Merlen A, Ruediger A. Sample induced intensity variations of localized surface plasmon resonance in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:25998-26006. [PMID: 32906877 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced spectroscopy techniques, in particular tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), rely on a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). This LSPR depends on the near field antenna, its material and shape, and the surrounding medium with respect to its relative permittivity and the volume fraction of the optical near field occupied by the sample. Here, we investigate the effects of the surface composition and topography on the change of the LSPR intensity in tip-enhanced spectroscopy on SrTiO3 nanoislands by monitoring the LSPR enhanced luminescence of gold tips. Our experimental results and analytical estimates indicate that by affecting the effective permittivity of the dielectric environment at the tip apex, the material composition as well as topography of the studied sample induce a change in LSPR intensity. This result significantly helps the understanding of the evolution or origin of the LSPR intensity during a typical TERS measurement, which in turn leads to a more accurate assessment of the relative intensity of different Raman modes in TERS.
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39
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Wang CF, O'Callahan BT, Kurouski D, Krayev A, Schultz ZD, El-Khoury PZ. Suppressing Molecular Charging, Nanochemistry, and Optical Rectification in the Tip-Enhanced Raman Geometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5890-5895. [PMID: 32619091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Classical versus quantum plasmons are responsible for the recorded signals in non-contact-mode versus contact-mode tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and lead to distinct observables. Under otherwise identical experimental conditions, we illustrate the concept through tapping- and contact-mode TERS mapping of chemically functionalized silver nanocubes. Whereas molecular charging, chemical transformations, and optical rectification are prominent observables in contact-mode TERS, the same effects are suppressed using tapping-mode feedback. In effect, this work demonstrates that nanoscale physical and chemical processes can be accessed and/or suppressed on demand in the TERS geometry. The advantages of tapping-mode TERS are otherwise highlighted with the latter in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Andrey Krayev
- Horiba Instruments Inc., 359 Bel Marin Keys Boulevard, Suite 18, Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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40
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Darlington TP, Krayev A, Venkatesh V, Saxena R, Kysar JW, Borys NJ, Jariwala D, Schuck PJ. Facile and quantitative estimation of strain in nanobubbles with arbitrary symmetry in 2D semiconductors verified using hyperspectral nano-optical imaging. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:024702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Darlington
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Vishal Venkatesh
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ravindra Saxena
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Borys
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - P. James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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41
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Da Browski M, Dai Y, Petek H. Ultrafast Photoemission Electron Microscopy: Imaging Plasmons in Space and Time. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6247-6287. [PMID: 32530607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a rapidly growing field spanning research and applications across chemistry, physics, optics, energy harvesting, and medicine. Ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has demonstrated unprecedented power in the characterization of surface plasmons and other electronic excitations, as it uniquely combines the requisite spatial and temporal resolution, making it ideally suited for 3D space and time coherent imaging of the dynamical plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale. The ability to visualize plasmonic fields evolving at the local speed of light on subwavelength scale with optical phase resolution illuminates old phenomena and opens new directions for growth of plasmonics research. In this review, we guide the reader thorough experimental description of PEEM as a characterization tool for both surface plasmon polaritons and localized plasmons and summarize the exciting progress it has opened by the ultrafast imaging of plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Da Browski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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42
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Mahapatra S, Li L, Schultz JF, Jiang N. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Chemical analysis with nanoscale to angstrom scale resolution. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:010902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jeremy F. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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43
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Kurouski D, Dazzi A, Zenobi R, Centrone A. Infrared and Raman chemical imaging and spectroscopy at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3315-3347. [PMID: 32424384 PMCID: PMC7675782 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology, and the need to understand the chemical composition at the nanoscale, has stimulated the convergence of IR and Raman spectroscopy with scanning probe methods, resulting in new nanospectroscopy paradigms. Here we review two such methods, namely photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). AFM-IR and TERS fundamentals will be reviewed in detail together with their recent crucial advances. The most recent applications, now spanning across materials science, nanotechnology, biology, medicine, geology, optics, catalysis, art conservation and other fields are also discussed. Even though AFM-IR and TERS have developed independently and have initially targeted different applications, rapid innovation in the last 5 years has pushed the performance of these, in principle spectroscopically complimentary, techniques well beyond initial expectations, thus opening new opportunities for their convergence. Therefore, subtle differences and complementarity will be highlighted together with emerging trends and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurouski
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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44
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Roman M, Wrobel TP, Paluszkiewicz C, Kwiatek WM. Comparison between high definition FT-IR, Raman and AFM-IR for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in prostate cancer cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960094. [PMID: 31999078 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The family of vibrational spectroscopic imaging techniques grows every few years and there is a need to compare and contrast new modalities with the better understood ones, especially in the case of demanding biological samples. Three vibrational spectroscopy techniques (high definition Fourier-transform infrared [FT-IR], Raman and atomic force microscopy infrared [AFM-IR]) were applied for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. The techniques were compared and contrasted in terms of image quality, spectral pattern and chemical information. All tested techniques were found to be useful in chemical imaging of cholesterol derivatives in cancer cells. The results obtained from FT-IR and Raman imaging showed to be comparable, whereas those achieved from AFM-IR study exhibited higher spectral heterogeneity. It confirms AFM-IR method as a powerful tool in local chemical imaging of cells at the nanoscale level. Furthermore, due to polarization effect, p-polarized AFM-IR spectra showed strong enhancement of lipid bands when compared to FT-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Roman
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wrobel
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Czeslawa Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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45
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Wallum A, Nguyen HA, Gruebele M. Excited-State Imaging of Single Particles on the Subnanometer Scale. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2020; 71:415-433. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-071119-040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
At the intersection of spectroscopy and microscopy lie techniques that are capable of providing subnanometer imaging of excited states of individual molecules or nanoparticles. Such approaches are particularly important for imaging macromolecules or nanoparticles large enough to have a high probability of containing a defect. These inevitable defects often control properties and function despite an otherwise ideal structure. We discuss real-space imaging techniques such as using scanning tunneling microscopy tips to enhance optical measurements and electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope, which is based on focused electron beams to obtain high-resolution spatial information on excited states. The outlook for these methods is bright, as they will provide critical information for the characterization and improvement of energy-switching, electron-switching, and energy-harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Wallum
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Huy A. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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46
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Bhattarai A, O'Callahan BT, Wang CF, Wang S, El-Khoury PZ. Spatio-Spectral Characterization of Multipolar Plasmonic Modes of Au Nanorods via Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2870-2874. [PMID: 32208725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman (TER) spectral images of 4-thiobenzonitrile-coated Au nanorods map the spatial profiles and trace the resonances of dipolar and multipolar plasmonic modes that are characteristic of the imaged particles. For any particular rod, we observe sequential transitions between high-order modes at low frequency shifts and lower-order modes at higher frequencies. We also notice that higher-order modes (up to m = 4) are generally observed for long rods as compared to their shorter analogues, where longitudinal dipolar resonances (m = 1) are observable. In effect, this work adds a new dimension to local optical field mapping via TERS, which we have previously explored. Not only can the magnitudes, vector components, local/nonlocal characters of local optical fields be imaged through molecular TERS, but spatially varying local optical resonances are also direct observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bhattarai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - ShanYi Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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47
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Wang CF, Cheng Z, O'Callahan BT, Crampton KT, Jones MR, El-Khoury PZ. Tip-Enhanced Multipolar Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2464-2469. [PMID: 32160470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We record nanoscale chemical images of thiobenzonitrile (TBN)-functionalized plasmonic gold nanocubes via tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). The spatially averaged optical response is dominated by conventional (dipolar) TERS scattering from TBN but also contains weaker spectral signatures in the 1225-1500 cm-1 region. The weak optical signatures dominate several of the recorded single-pixel TERS spectra. We can uniquely assign these Raman-forbidden transitions to multipolar Raman scattering, which implicates spatially varying enhanced electric field gradients at plasmonic tip-sample nanojunctions. Specifically, we can assign observations of tip-enhanced electric dipole-magnetic dipole as well as electric dipole-electric quadrupole driven transitions. Multipolar Raman scattering and local optical field gradients both need to be understood and accounted for in the interpretation of TERS spectral images, particularly in ongoing quests aimed at chemical reaction mapping via TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin T Crampton
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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48
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Fiederling K, Abasifard M, Richter M, Deckert V, Gräfe S, Kupfer S. The chemical effect goes resonant - a full quantum mechanical approach on TERS. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6346-6359. [PMID: 32134418 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09814c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lately, experimental evidence of unexpectedly extremely high spatial resolution of tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) has been demonstrated. Theoretically, two different contributions are discussed: an electromagnetic effect, leading to a spatially confined near field due to plasmonic excitations; and the so-called chemical effect originating from the locally modified electronic structure of the molecule due to the close proximity of the plasmonic system. Most of the theoretical efforts have concentrated on the electromagnetic contribution or the chemical effect in case of non-resonant excitation. In this work, we present a fully quantum mechanical description including non-resonant and resonant chemical contributions as well as charge-transfer phenomena of these molecular-plasmonic hybrid systems at the density functional and the time-dependent density functional level of theory. We consider a surface-immobilized tin(ii) phthalocyanine molecule as the molecular system, which is minutely scanned by a plasmonic tip, modeled by a single silver atom. These different relative positions of the Ag atom to the molecule lead to pronounced alterations of the Raman spectra. These Raman spectra vary substantially, both in peak positions and several orders of magnitude in the intensity patterns under non-resonant and resonant conditions, and also, depending on, which electronic states are addressed. Our computational approach reveals that unique - non-resonant and resonant - chemical interactions among the tip and the molecule significantly alter the TERS spectra and are mainly responsible for the high, possibly sub-Angstrom spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fiederling
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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49
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Richard-Lacroix M, Deckert V. Direct molecular-level near-field plasmon and temperature assessment in a single plasmonic hotspot. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:35. [PMID: 32194949 PMCID: PMC7061098 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is currently widely recognized as an essential but still emergent technique for exploring the nanoscale. However, our lack of comprehension of crucial parameters still limits its potential as a user-friendly analytical tool. The tip's surface plasmon resonance, heating due to near-field temperature rise, and spatial resolution are undoubtedly three challenging experimental parameters to unravel. However, they are also the most fundamentally relevant parameters to explore, because they ultimately influence the state of the investigated molecule and consequently the probed signal. Here we propose a straightforward and purely experimental method to access quantitative information of the plasmon resonance and near-field temperature experienced exclusively by the molecules directly contributing to the TERS signal. The detailed near-field optical response, both at the molecular level and as a function of time, is evaluated using standard TERS experimental equipment by simultaneously probing the Stokes and anti-Stokes spectral intensities. Self-assembled 16-mercaptohexadodecanoic acid monolayers covalently bond to an ultra-flat gold surface were used as a demonstrator. Observation of blinking lines in the spectra also provides crucial information on the lateral resolution and indication of atomic-scale thermally induced morphological changes of the tip during the experiment. This study provides access to unprecedented molecular-level information on physical parameters that crucially affect experiments under TERS conditions. The study thereby improves the usability of TERS in day-to-day operation. The obtained information is of central importance for any experimental plasmonic investigation and for the application of TERS in the field of nanoscale thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Richard-Lacroix
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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50
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Bhattarai A, Cheng Z, Joly AG, Novikova IV, Evans JE, Schultz ZD, Jones MR, El-Khoury PZ. Tip-Enhanced Raman Nanospectroscopy of Smooth Spherical Gold Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1795-1801. [PMID: 32069408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We record nanoscale-resolved chemical images of thiobenzonitrile (TBN)-functionalized smooth gold nanospheres on silicon via tip-enhanced Raman (TER) nanospectroscopy. The recorded images trace the nascence of the familiar doughnut-shaped scattering profile of nanoparticles on silicon at its origin (the particle surface), which appears as a horseshoe-shaped scattering pattern under our experimental conditions. The local optical field maps are in agreement with their simulated finite-difference time-domain analogues. Analysis of the recorded spectra with the aid of ab-initio-molecular-dynamics-based Raman spectral simulations further suggests that optical rectification and molecular charging take place throughout the course of atomic-force-microscopy-based TER nanoscale chemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bhattarai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alan G Joly
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Irina V Novikova
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James E Evans
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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