1
|
Jin Z, Yang Y, He Z, Huang Z, Hu Y, Jin H, Zhou B. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Bromides/Nitriles with Imidazolium Salts Involving Inert C-N Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2024; 26:4520-4525. [PMID: 38752885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We herein present a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides and nitriles with imidazolium salts. A series of 2-arylated imidazoles could be obtained in moderate to good yields through inert C-N bond cleavage. The imidazolium salt in this reaction acts as both a coupling partner and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand precursor. Mechanistic studies reveal that consecutive steps of migratory insertion of the NHC into the aryl C-Ni bond and β-C elimination might be involved in the proposed reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yanhao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhichang He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhengzhe Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Eco-industrial Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inglis CM, Manzano RA, Kirk RM, Sharma M, Stewart MD, Watson LJ, Hill AF. Poly(imidazolyliden-yl)borato Complexes of Tungsten: Mapping Steric vs. Electronic Features of Facially Coordinating Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:7761. [PMID: 38067496 PMCID: PMC10798377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of [HB(HImMe)3](PF6)2 (ImMe = N-methylimidazolyl) is decribed. This salt serves in situ as a precursor to the tris(imidazolylidenyl)borate Li[HB(ImMe)3] pro-ligand upon deprotonation with nBuLi. Reaction with [W(≡CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2(pic)2(Br)] (pic = 4-picoline) affords the carbyne complex [W(≡CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2{HB(ImMe)3}]. Interrogation of experimental and computational data for this compound allow a ranking of familiar tripodal and facially coordinating ligands according to steric (percentage buried volume) and electronic (νCO) properties. The reaction of [W(≡CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2{HB(ImMe)3}] with [AuCl(SMe2)] affords the heterobimetallic semi-bridging carbyne complex [WAu(μ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2(Cl){HB(ImMe)3}].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aysin RR, Galkin KI. Adaptive carbonyl umpolung involving a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate: an alternative mechanism for NHC-mediated organocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8702-8707. [PMID: 37867444 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a novel mechanistic model for NHC-mediated carbonyl umpolung which involves the formation of a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate (CCBI). We have demonstrated theoretically that this reactive intermediate can be formed by inserting an aldehyde into the C4-H position of an N-aryl-substituted imidazolium-derived NHC via the generation of an H-bonded ditopic carbanionic NHC (dcNHC). Our DFT study on benzoin condensation has revealed that the mechanism of polarity inversion proceeding through the CCBI may be more energetically favorable than the classical mechanism of umpolung that uses the C2 carbene position in NHC. The potential existence of the CCBI highlights the dynamic and adaptive nature of NHC-mediated organocatalysis, particularly in relation to carbonyl umpolung. This finding also sheds light on new pathways in organocatalytic transformations employing the ambident reactivity of NHC, which may be particularly attractive for reactions involving furanic aldehydes and sterically encumbered N-aryl-substituted carbenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R Aysin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin I Galkin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya ul., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Leninsky Prospekt, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lainer T, Dange D, Pillinger M, Fischer RC, Kelterer AM, Jones C, Haas M. An NHC-Mediated Metal-Free Approach towards an NHC-Coordinated Endocyclic Disilene. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202100240. [PMID: 35142081 PMCID: PMC8889510 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A convenient metal‐free approach towards an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐coordinated disilene 2 is described. Compound 2, featuring the disilene incorporated in cyclopolysilane framework, was obtained in good yield and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the reaction mechanism provide a rationale for the observed reactivity and give detailed information on the bonding situation of the base‐stabilized disilene. Compound 2 undergoes thermal or light‐ induced (λ=456 nm) NHC loss, and a dimerization process to give a corresponding dimer with a Si10 skeleton. In order to shed light on the dimerization mechanism, DFT calculations were performed. Moreover, the reactivity of 2 was examined with selected examples of transition metal carbonyl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lainer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Australia
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Australia
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Grineva AA, Filippov OA, Canac Y, Sortais JB, Nefedov SE, Lugan N, César V, Valyaev DA. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Electronic Properties of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Dicarbenes through the Rational Synthesis of Their Transition Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4015-4025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Grineva
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Filippov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sergei E. Nefedov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Guddorf BJ, Feldt M, Hepp A, Daniliuc CG, Lips F. Reactivity of an NHC-Coordinated Trisilacyclopropylidene with Transition Metal Carbonyl Compounds. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J. Guddorf
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Milica Feldt
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, D-48149 Münster, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Romain C, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Dagorne S. Recent progress on NHC-stabilized early transition metal (group 3–7) complexes: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
10
|
Sharma MK, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler H, Ghadwal RS. Distannabarrelenes with Three Coordinated Sn II Atoms. Chemistry 2020; 26:11113-11118. [PMID: 32216071 PMCID: PMC7496072 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline 1,4-distannabarrelene compounds [(ADCAr )3 Sn2 ]SnCl3 (3-Ar) (ADCAr ={ArC(NDipp)2 CC}; Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , Ar=Ph or DMP; DMP=4-Me2 NC6 H4 ) derived from anionic dicarbenes Li(ADCAr ) (2-Ar) (Ar=Ph or DMP) have been reported. The cationic moiety of 3-Ar features a barrelene framework with three coordinated SnII atoms at the 1,4-positions, whereas the anionic unit SnCl3 is formally derived from SnCl2 and chloride ion. The all carbon substituted bis-stannylenes 3-Ar have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations reveal that the HOMO of 3-Ph (ϵ=-6.40 eV) is mainly the lone-pair orbital at the SnII atoms of the barrelene unit. 3-Ar readily react with sulfur and selenium to afford the mixed-valence SnII /SnIV compounds [(ADCAr )3 SnSn(E)](SnCl6 )0.5 (E=S 4-Ar, Ar=Ph or DMP; E=Se 5-Ph).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krahfuß MJ, Nitsch J, Bickelhaupt FM, Marder TB, Radius U. N-Heterocyclic Silylenes as Ligands in Transition Metal Carbonyl Chemistry: Nature of Their Bonding and Supposed Innocence. Chemistry 2020; 26:11276-11292. [PMID: 32233000 PMCID: PMC7497151 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A study on the reactivity of the N-heterocyclic silylene Dipp2 NHSi (1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopent-4-en-2-yliden) with the transition metal complexes [Ni(CO)4 ], [M(CO)6 ] (M=Cr, Mo, W), [Mn(CO)5 (Br)] and [(η5 -C5 H5 )Fe(CO)2 (I)] is reported. We demonstrate that N-heterocyclic silylenes, the higher homologues of the now ubiquitous NHC ligands, show a remarkably different behavior in coordination chemistry compared to NHC ligands. Calculations on the electronic features of these ligands revealed significant differences in the frontier orbital region which lead to some peculiarities of the coordination chemistry of silylenes, as demonstrated by the synthesis of the dinuclear, NHSi-bridged complex [{Ni(CO)2 (μ-Dipp2 NHSi)}2 ] (2), complexes [M(CO)5 (Dipp2 NHSi)] (M=Cr 3, Mo 4, W 5), [Mn(CO)3 (Dipp2 NHSi)2 (Br)] (9) and [(η5 -C5 H5 )Fe(CO)2 (Dipp2 NHSi-I)] (10). DFT calculations on several model systems [Ni(L)], [Ni(CO)3 (L)], and [W(CO)5 (L)] (L=NHC, NHSi) reveal that carbenes are typically the much better donor ligands with a larger intrinsic strength of the metal-ligand bond. The decrease going from the carbene to the silylene ligand is mainly caused by favorable electrostatic contributions for the NHC ligand to the total bond strength, whereas the orbital interactions were often found to be higher for the silylene complexes. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the contribution of σ- and π-interaction depends significantly on the system under investigation. The σ-interaction is often much weaker for the NHSi ligand compared to NHC but, interestingly, the π-interaction prevails for many NHSi complexes. For the carbonyl complexes, the NHSi ligand is the better σ-donor ligand, and contributions of π-symmetry play only a minor role for the NHC and NHSi co-ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam J. Krahfuß
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Center for, Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chernyshev VM, Denisova EA, Eremin DB, Ananikov VP. The key role of R-NHC coupling (R = C, H, heteroatom) and M-NHC bond cleavage in the evolution of M/NHC complexes and formation of catalytically active species. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6957-6977. [PMID: 33133486 PMCID: PMC7553045 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of metals with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (M/NHC) are typically considered the systems of choice in homogeneous catalysis due to their stable metal-ligand framework. However, it becomes obvious that even metal species with a strong M-NHC bond can undergo evolution in catalytic systems, and processes of M-NHC bond cleavage are common for different metals and NHC ligands. This review is focused on the main types of the M-NHC bond cleavage reactions and their impact on activity and stability of M/NHC catalytic systems. For the first time, we consider these processes in terms of NHC-connected and NHC-disconnected active species derived from M/NHC precatalysts and classify them as fundamentally different types of catalysts. Problems of rational catalyst design and sustainability issues are discussed in the context of the two different types of M/NHC catalysis mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Denisova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
- The Bridge@USC , University of Southern California , 1002 Childs Way , Los Angeles , California 90089-3502 , USA
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) , Prosveschenya 132 , Novocherkassk , 346428 , Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evans KJ, Mansell SM. Functionalised N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in Bimetallic Architectures. Chemistry 2020; 26:5927-5941. [PMID: 31981386 PMCID: PMC7317719 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become immensely successful ligands in coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis due to their strong terminal σ-donor properties. However, by targeting NHC ligands with additional functionalisation, a new area of NHC coordination chemistry has developed that has enabled NHCs to be used to build up bimetallic and multimetallic architectures. This minireview covers the development of functionalised NHC ligands that incorporate additional donor sites in order to coordinate two or more metal atoms. This can be through the N-atom of the NHC ring, through a donor group attached to the N-atom or the carbon backbone, coordination of the π-bond or an annulated π-donor on the backbone, or through direct metalation of the backbone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Merschel A, Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Quantifying the Electronic and Steric Properties of 1,3-Imidazole-Based Mesoionic Carbenes (iMICs). Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Merschel
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rottschäfer D, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. A crystalline C5-protonated 1,3-imidazol-4-ylidene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2027-2030. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09428h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first C5-protonated 1,3-imidazole-based mesoionic carbene (iMICBp) has been isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Center for Molecular Materials
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Universität Bielefeld
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Center for Molecular Materials
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Universität Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Center for Molecular Materials
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Universität Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Center for Molecular Materials
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Universität Bielefeld
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Center for Molecular Materials
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Universität Bielefeld
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chernysheva AM, Weinhart M, Scheer M, Timoshkin AY. Normal to abnormal ItBu·AlH3 isomerization in solution and in the solid state. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4665-4668. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of solid state normal to abnormal NHC complex isomerization is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Weinhart
- Universität Regensburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Universität Regensburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hackl L, Petrov AR, Bannenberg T, Freytag M, Jones PG, Tamm M. Dimerisation of Dipiperidinoacetylene: Convenient Access to Tetraamino-1,3-Cyclobutadiene and Tetraamino-1,2-Cyclobutadiene Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:16148-16155. [PMID: 31625641 PMCID: PMC6973143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 1,2-dipiperidinoacetylene (1) with 0.5 equivalents of SnCl2 or GeCl2 ⋅dioxane afforded the 1,2,3,4-tetrapiperidino-1,3-cyclobutadiene tin and germanium dichloride complexes 2 a and 2 b, respectively. A competing redox reaction was observed with excess amounts of SnCl2 , which produced a tetrapiperidinocyclobutadiene dication with two trichlorostannate(II) counterions. Heating neat 1 to 110 °C for 16 h cleanly produced the dimer 1,3,4,4-tetrapiperidino-3-buten-1-yne (3); its reaction with stoichiometric amounts of SnCl2 or GeCl2 ⋅dioxane furnished the 1,3,4,4-tetrapiperidino-1,2-cyclobutadiene tin and germanium dichloride complexes 4 a and 4 b, respectively. Transition-metal complexes containing this novel four-membered cyclic bent allene (CBA) ligand were prepared by reaction of 3 with [(tht)AuCl], [RhCl(CO)2 ]2 , and [(Me3 N)W(CO)5 ] to form [(CBA)AuCl] (5), [(CBA)RhCl(CO)2 ] (6), and [(CBA)W(CO)5 ] (7). The molecular structures of all compounds 2-7 were determined by X-ray diffraction analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to rationalise the formation of 3 and 4 a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Hackl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Alex R. Petrov
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Price JS, Emslie DJH. Interconversion and reactivity of manganese silyl, silylene, and silene complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10853-10869. [PMID: 32206252 PMCID: PMC7069235 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interconversions between manganese silylene and silene complexes are reported, including those involving the first spectroscopically observed silene complexes with an SiH substituent, and their involvement in ethylene hydrosilylation is discussed.
Manganese disilyl hydride complexes [(dmpe)2MnH(SiH2R)2] (4Ph: R = Ph, 4Bu: R = nBu) reacted with ethylene to form silene hydride complexes [(dmpe)2MnH(RHSi
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CHMe)] (6Ph,H: R = Ph, 6Bu,H: R = nBu). Compounds 6R,H reacted with a second equivalent of ethylene to generate [(dmpe)2MnH(REtSi
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CHMe)] (6Ph,Et: R = Ph, 6Bu,Et: R = nBu), resulting from apparent ethylene insertion into the silene Si–H bond. Furthermore, in the absence of ethylene, silene complex 6Bu,H slowly isomerized to the silylene hydride complex [(dmpe)2MnH(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
SiEtnBu)] (3Bu,Et). Reactions of 4R with ethylene likely proceed via low-coordinate silyl {[(dmpe)2Mn(SiH2R)] (2Ph: R = Ph, 2Bu: R = nBu)} or silylene hydride {[(dmpe)2MnH(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
SiHR)] (3Ph,H: R = Ph, 3Bu,H: R = nBu)} intermediates accessed from 4R by H3SiR elimination. DFT calculations and high temperature NMR spectra support the accessibility of these intermediates, and reactions of 4R with isonitriles or N-heterocyclic carbenes yielded the silyl isonitrile complexes [(dmpe)2Mn(SiH2R)(CNR′)] (7a–d: R = Ph or nBu; R′ = o-xylyl or tBu), and NHC-stabilized silylene hydride complexes [(dmpe)2MnH{
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
SiHR(NHC)}] (8a–d: R = Ph or nBu; NHC = 1,3-diisopropylimidazolin-2-ylidene or 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolin-2-ylidene), respectively, all of which were crystallographically characterized. Silyl, silylene and silene complexes in this work were accessed via reactions of [(dmpe)2MnH(C2H4)] (1) with hydrosilanes, in some cases followed by ethylene. Therefore, ethylene (C2H4 and C2D4) hydrosilylation was investigated using [(dmpe)2MnH(C2H4)] (1) as a pre-catalyst, resulting in stepwise conversion of primary to secondary to tertiary hydrosilanes. Various catalytically active manganese-containing species were observed during catalysis, including silylene and silene complexes, and a catalytic cycle is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Price
- Department of Chemistry , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada .
| | - David J H Emslie
- Department of Chemistry , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada .
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cabeza JA, García‐Álvarez P, Gómez‐Gallego M, González‐Álvarez L, Merinero AD, Sierra MA. Two Types of σ‐Allenyl Complexes from Reactions of Silylenes and Germylenes with Chromium Fischer Alkynyl(alkoxy)carbenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:8635-8642. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pablo García‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Mar Gómez‐Gallego
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Laura González‐Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alba D. Merinero
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Vivancos Á, Segarra C, Albrecht M. Mesoionic and Related Less Heteroatom-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Other Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9493-9586. [PMID: 30014699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes are a subclass of the family of N-heterocyclic carbenes that generally feature less heteroatom stabilization of the carbenic carbon and hence impart specific donor properties and reactivity schemes when coordinated to a transition metal. Therefore, mesoionic carbenes and their complexes have attracted considerable attention both from a fundamental point of view as well as for application in catalysis and beyond. As a follow-up of an earlier Chemical Reviews overview from 2009, the organometallic chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization is compiled for the 2008-2017 period, including specifically the chemistry of complexes containing 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, 4-imidazolylidenes, and related 5-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteratom stabilization such as (is)oxazolylidenes, pyrrazolylidenes, and thiazolylidenes, as well as pyridylidenes as 6-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization. For each ligand subclass, metalation strategies, electronic and steric properties, and applications, in particular, in metal-mediated catalysis, are compiled. Mesoionic carbenes demonstrate particularly high activity in (water) oxidation, hydrogen transfer reactions, and cyclization reactions. Unique features of these ligands are identified such as their dipolar structure, their specific donor properties, as well as stability aspects of the ligand and the complexes, which provides opportunities for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021 , 30071 Murcia , Spain
| | - Candela Segarra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Instituto de Tecnología Química , Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rottschäfer D, Ho NKT, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nga Kim T. Ho
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rottschäfer D, Ho NKT, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5838-5842. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nga Kim T. Ho
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rottschäfer D, Ebeler F, Strothmann T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mix A, Ghadwal RS. The Viability of C5-Protonated- and C4,C5-Ditopic Carbanionic Abnormal NHCs: A New Dimension in NHC Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:3716-3720. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für, Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Falk Ebeler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für, Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Till Strothmann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für, Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für, Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für, Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für, Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für, Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für, Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liang Q, Salmon A, Kim PJ, Yan L, Song D. Unusual Rearrangement of an N-Donor-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand on Group 8 Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1263-1266. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew Salmon
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Patrick Jinhyung Kim
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Linfan Yan
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Silylene-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Si−NHC). Chemistry 2017; 24:380-387. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. N
-Heterocyclic Vinylidene-Stabilized Phosphorus Biradicaloid. Chemistry 2017; 23:9044-9047. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ho NKT, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Menezes da Silva VH, Watanabe DG, Braga AAC, Ghadwal RS. Nickel-catalysed direct C2-arylation of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12027-12031. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Direct C2-arylation of NHCs to C2-arylated imidazolium salts (III) is achieved using Ni-catalysis. The dinuclear Ni(i) species I undergoes oxidative addition with ArX to give the Ni(ii) intermediate II. Reductive elimination delivers the arylation product III and regenerates the catalyst I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nga Kim T. Ho
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Vitor H. Menezes da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de So Paulo
- São Paulo 05508-000
- Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Watanabe
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de So Paulo
- São Paulo 05508-000
- Brazil
| | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de So Paulo
- São Paulo 05508-000
- Brazil
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| |
Collapse
|