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Sarkar S, Debnath T, Das AK. Superalkalis with Hydrogen as Central Electronegative Atom and their Possible Applications: Ab Initio and DFT Study. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304223. [PMID: 38477396 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Superalkalis are unusual species having ionization energies lower than that of the alkali metals. These species with various applications are of great importance in chemistry due to their low ionization energies and strong reducing property. A typical superalkali contains a central electronegative core decorated with excess metal ligands. In the quest for novel superalkalis, we have designed the superalkalis HLi2, HLiNa and HNa2 using hydrogen as central electronegative atom for the first time employing high level ab initio (CCSD(T), MP2) and density functional theory (ωB97X-D) methods. The superalkalis exhibit very low ionization energies, even lower than that of cesium. Stability of these species is verified from binding energy and dissociation energy values. The superalkalis are capable of reducing SO2, NO, CO2, CO and N2 molecules by forming stable ionic complexes and therefore can be used as catalysts for the reduction or activation of systems possessing very low electron affinities. The superalkalis form stable supersalts with tailored properties when interact with a superhalogen. They also show remarkably high non-linear optical responses, hence could have industrial applications. It is hoped that this work will enrich the superalkali family and spur further theoretical and experimental research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Sarkar
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tanay Debnath
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Abhijit K Das
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Sarkar S, Debnath T, Das AK. Designing metal-free organic superalkalis by modifying benzene: a theoretical perspective. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pandey SK, Arunan E, Das R, Roy A, Mishra AK. Recent advances in in silico design and characterization of superalkali-based materials and their potential applications: A review. Front Chem 2022; 10:1019166. [PMID: 36419589 PMCID: PMC9676666 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the advancement of novel materials, chemistry plays a vital role in developing the realm where we survive. Superalkalis are a group of clusters/molecules having lower ionization potentials (IPs) than that of the cesium atom (3.89 eV) and thus, show excellent reducing properties. However, the chemical industry and material science both heavily rely on such reducing substances; an in silico approach-based design and characterization of superalkalis have been the focus of ongoing studies in this area along with their potential applications. However, although superalkalis have been substantially sophisticated materials over the past couple of decades, there is still room for enumeration of the recent progress going on in various interesting species using computational experiments. In this review, the recent developments in designing/modeling and characterization (theoretically) of a variety of superalkali-based materials have been summarized along with their potential applications. Theoretically acquired properties of some novel superalkali cations (Li3 +) and C6Li6 species, etc. for capturing and storing CO2/N2 molecules have been unveiled in this report. Additionally, this report unravels the first-order polarizability-based nonlinear optical (NLO) response features of numerous computationally designed novel superalkali-based materials, for instance, fullerene-like mixed-superalkali-doped B12N12 and B12P12 nanoclusters with good UV transparency and mixed-valent superalkali-based CaN3Ca (a high-sensitivity alkali-earth-based aromatic multi-state NLO molecular switch, and lead-founded halide perovskites designed by incorporating superalkalis, supersalts, and so on) which can indeed be used as a new kind of electronic nanodevice used in designing hi-tech NLO materials. Understanding the mere interactions of alkalides in the gas and liquid phases and the potential to influence how such systems can be extended and applied in the future are also highlighted in this survey. In addition to offering an overview of this research area, it is expected that this review will also provide new insights into the possibility of expanding both the experimental synthesis and the practical use of superalkalis and their related species. Superalkalis present the intriguing possibility of acting as cutting-edge construction blocks of nanomaterials with highly modifiable features that may be utilized for a wide-ranging prospective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Elangannan Arunan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ratnesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atish Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arunesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sun WM, Cheng X, Wang WL, Li XH. Designing Magnetic Superalkalis with Extremely Large Nonlinear Optical Responses. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lu Wang
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hui Li
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People’s Republic of China
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Srivastava H, Srivastava AK. Role of central core and methyl substitutions in XH4-x(CH3)x (X = N, P, As; x = 0–4) superalkalis: an ab initio study. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ye YL, Pan KY, Ni BL, Sun WM. Designing Special Nonmetallic Superalkalis Based on a Cage-like Adamanzane Complexant. Front Chem 2022; 10:853160. [PMID: 35360533 PMCID: PMC8963935 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.853160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to examine the possibility of using cage-like complexants to design nonmetallic superalkalis, a series of X@36adz (X = H, B, C, N, O, F, and Si) complexes have been constructed and investigated by embedding nonmetallic atoms into the 36adamanzane (36adz) complexant. Although X atoms possess very high ionization energies, these resulting X@36adz complexes possess low adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) of 0.78–5.28 eV. In particular, the adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) of X@36adz (X = H, B, C, N, and Si) are even lower than the ionization energy (3.89 eV) of Cs atoms, and thus, can be classified as novel nonmetallic superalkalis. Moreover, due to the existence of diffuse excess electrons in B@36adz, this complex not only possesses pretty low AIE of 2.16 eV but also exhibits a remarkably large first hyperpolarizability (β0) of 1.35 × 106 au, indicating that it can also be considered as a new kind of nonlinear optical molecule. As a result, this study provides an effective approach to achieve new metal-free species with an excellent reducing capability by utilizing the cage-like organic complexants as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Yun Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Ming Sun,
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Sun WM, Cheng X, Ye YL, Li XH, Ni BL. On the Possibility of Using Aza-Cryptands to Design Superalkalis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Ye
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hui Li
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
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Srivastava AK. On the surface interaction of C60 with superalkalis: a computational approach. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1999519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Zhang XL, Ye YL, Zhang L, Li XH, Yu D, Chen JH, Sun WM. Designing an alkali-metal-like superatom Ca 3B for ambient nitrogen reduction to ammonia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18908-18915. [PMID: 34612429 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Converting earth-abundant nitrogen (N2) gas into ammonia (NH3) under mild conditions is one of the most important issues and a long-standing challenge in chemistry. Herein, a new superatom Ca3B was theoretically designed and characterized to reveal its catalytic performance in converting N2 into NH3 by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations. The alkali-metal-like identity of this cluster is verified by its lower vertical ionization energy (VIE, 4.29 eV) than that of potassium (4.34 eV), while its high stability was guaranteed by the large HOMO-LUMO gap and binding energy per atom (Eb). More importantly, this well-designed superatom possesses unique geometric and electronic features, which can fully activate N2via a "double-electron transfer" mechanism, and then convert the activated N2 into NH3 through a distal reaction pathway with a small energy barrier of 0.71 eV. It is optimistically hoped that this work could intrigue more endeavors to design specific superatoms as excellent catalysts for the chemical adsorption and reduction of N2 to NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.
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Sarkar S, Debnath T, Das AK. Reduction of sulfur dioxide using superalkalis: A theoretical perspective. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Meloni G, Giustini A, Park H. CO 2 Activation Within a Superalkali-Doped Fullerene. Front Chem 2021; 9:712960. [PMID: 34336795 PMCID: PMC8317170 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.712960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of finding a suitable synthesizable superalkali species, using the B3LYP/6-31G* density functional level of theory we provide results for the interaction between the buckminsterfullerene C60 and the superalkali Li3F2. We show that this endofullerene is stable and provides a closed environment in which the superalkali can exist and interact with CO2. It is worthwhile to mention that the optimized Li3F2 structure inside C60 is not the most stable C2v isomer found for the "free" superalkali but the D3h geometry. The binding energy at 0 K between C60 and Li3F2 (D3h) is computed to be 119 kJ mol-1. Once CO2 is introduced in the endofullerene, it is activated, and theO C O ^ angle is bent to 132°. This activation does not follow the previously studied CO2 reduction by an electron transfer process from the superalkali, but it is rather an actual reaction where a F (from Li3F2) atom is bonded to the CO2. From a thermodynamic analysis, both CO2 and the encapsulated [Li3F2⋅CO2] are destabilized in C60 with solvation energies at 0 K of 147 and < -965 kJ mol-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi de L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustini
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi de L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Heejune Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Nambiar SR, Jana G, Chattaraj PK. Can superalkalis and superhalogens improve the efficacy of redox reactions? Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Zhang XL, Zhang L, Ye YL, Li XH, Ni BL, Li Y, Sun WM. On the Role of Alkali-Metal-Like Superatom Al 12 P in Reduction and Conversion of Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2020; 27:1039-1045. [PMID: 32969553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts for the conversion of CO2 into fuels and value-added chemicals is of great significance to relieve the growing energy crisis and global warming. With the assistance of DFT calculations, it was found that, different from Al12 X (X=Be, Al, and C), the alkali-metal-like superatom Al12 P prefers to combine with CO2 via a bidentate double oxygen coordination, yielding a stable Al12 P(η2 -O2 C) complex containing an activated radical anion of CO2 (i.e., CO2 .- ). Thereby, this compound could not only participate in the subsequent cycloaddition reaction with propylene oxide but also initiate the radical reaction with hydrogen gas to form high-value chemicals, revealing that Al12 P can play an important role in catalyzing these conversion reactions. Considering that Al12 P has been produced in laboratory and is capable of absorbing visible light to drive the activation and transformation of CO2 , it is anticipated that this work could guide the discovery of additional superatom catalysts for CO2 transformation and open up a new research field of superatom catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hui Li
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Lian Ni
- The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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Kumar R, Kumar A, Srivastava AK, Misra N. Ab initio investigations on the interaction of CO2 and non-metallic superalkalis: structure, stability and electronic properties. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1841311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Neeraj Misra
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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Ab initio investigations on bimetallic mononuclear superalkali clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Srivastava AK. DFT and QTAIM studies on the reduction of carbon monoxide by superalkalis. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 102:107765. [PMID: 33069890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas molecule with no positive electron affinity, which makes it difficult to reduce it into CO¯. In this work, we perform density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) based studies on the interaction of CO molecule with superalkali (SA) clusters. Our findings suggest that this interaction results in SA(CO) complexes, which are stabilized by purely ionic as well as partially covalent bonds although their binding energy decreases with the increase in the size of SA clusters. In these ionic complexes, the electron is transferred from the SA cluster to the CO molecule. This suggests the single-electron reduction of the CO molecule by interacting with superalkalis. This work may offer some novel insights into the detection and reduction of stable CO molecule and related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrish Kumar Srivastava
- Computational Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Srivastava AK, Misra N, Tiwari SN. Superalkali behavior of ammonium (NH4+) and hydronium (OH3+) cations: a computational analysis. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ramondo F, Leonzi I, Meloni G. Reducing Properties of Superalkalis on Pyridinic Graphene Surfaces: a Computational Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3251-3258. [PMID: 31609060 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hyperlithiated species Li k + 1 F k (k=1, 2, 3, and 4) have been studied by quantum mechanical (QM) methods. Different structures have been localized for each molecule by the CBS-QB3 composite method: all the isomers show superalkali properties and strong tendency to donate an electron to carbon dioxide forming stable Li k + 1 F k · · · CO 2 complexes. With the aim to find molecular systems able to stabilize superalkalis, geometries of complexes between superalkalis and pyridine and superalkalis and graphene surfaces doped with a pyridinic vacancy were calculated. The pyridinic graphene sheets were modeled with two finite molecular systems C69 H21 N3 and C117 H27 N3 . The interaction with one pyridine molecule is quite weak and the superalkali maintains its structure and electron properties. The affinity for graphene sheets is instead stronger and the superalkalis tend to deform their geometry to better interact with the graphene surface. However, the superalkalis continue to show the tendency to transfer electrons to carbon dioxide reducing CO2 , as found in graphene absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ramondo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Leonzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
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Sun WM, Wu D. Recent Progress on the Design, Characterization, and Application of Superalkalis. Chemistry 2019; 25:9568-9579. [PMID: 31025432 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Superalkalis are clusters or molecules featuring lower ionization energies (IEs) than that of cesium atoms, and thus exhibit excellent reducing properties. Such special species have great potential to be used in the synthesis of unusual charge-transfer salts and cluster-assembled nanomaterials with tailored properties, in the reduction of carbon dioxide, or as hydrogen storage materials and noble-gas-trapping agents, etc. In this regard, ongoing efforts have been devoted to designing and characterizing superalkalis of new types. The recent progress on the study of superalkalis in terms of theoretical design, characterization, and potential application is summarized in this minireview. We hope this review will not only provide a broad overview of this research field, but also highlight the prospect of further extending the experimental synthesis and practical application of superalkalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Sun
- Department of Basic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
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Srivastava AK. O H2+1+ clusters: A new series of non-metallic superalkali cations by trapping H3O+ into water. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 88:292-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Srivastava AK. Ab initio investigations on non-metallic chain-shaped F H+1+ series of superalkali cations. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sun W, Zhang X, Pan K, Chen J, Wu D, Li C, Li Y, Li Z. On the Possibility of Using the Jellium Model as a Guide To Design Bimetallic Superalkali Cations. Chemistry 2019; 25:4358-4366. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Ming Sun
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Ling Zhang
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Kai‐Yun Pan
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Jing‐Hua Chen
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Chun‐Yan Li
- The School of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Zhi‐Ru Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 P.R. China
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Abstract
A new series of non-metallic superalkali cations, NnH3n+1+ by using ammonium (NH4+) cations, possessing vertical electron affinity (EAv), 4.39 eV for n = 1 to 2.39 eV for n = 5 has been proposed. This series can be continued for obtaining new superalkali cations, for instance N9H28+ with an EAv of 1.84 eV. The EAv of NnH3n+1+ cations is governed by the electron localization on the central N-atom. The EAv of NnH3n+1+ cations decays exponentially with an increase in n.
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Park H, Meloni G. Capturing Volatile Organic Compounds Employing Superalkali Species. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2266-2271. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejune Park
- Department of Chemistry; University of San Francisco; 2130 Fulton St San Francisco, CA 94117
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Department of Chemistry; University of San Francisco; 2130 Fulton St San Francisco, CA 94117
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Liu JY, Li RY, Li Y, Ma HD, Wu D. Superalkali Cations with Trivalent Anion MF63− (M = Al, Ga, Sc) as Central Core. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Park H, Meloni G. Activation of Dinitrogen with a Superalkali Species, Li3
F2. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:256-260. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejune Park
- Department of Chemistry; University of San Francisco; 2130 Fulton St San Francisco CA 94117 USA
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Department of Chemistry; University of San Francisco; 2130 Fulton St San Francisco CA 94117 USA
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