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Gao KX, Peng X, Wang JY, Wang Y, Pei K, Meng XL, Zhang SS, Hu MB, Liu YJ. In vivo absorption, in vitro simulated digestion and fecal fermentation properties of polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine and their effects on human gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131391. [PMID: 38582456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine (PPA) have various biological activities, but their properties after oral administration are not clear. In this study, the absorption, digestion and fermentation properties of PPA were studied using in vivo fluorescence tracking, in vitro simulated digestion and fecal fermentation experiments. The absorption experiment showed that fluorescence was only observed in the gastrointestinal system, indicating that PPA could not be absorbed. Simulated digestion results showed that there were no significant changes in the molecular weight, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum, monosaccharides and reducing sugar of PPA during the digestion process, showing that the overall structure of PPA was not damaged. However, the carbohydrate gel electrophoresis bands of PPA enzymatic hydrolysates after simulated digestion were significantly changed, indicating that simulated digestion might impact the configuration of PPA. In vitro fermentation showed that PPA could be degraded by microorganisms to produce short chain fatty acids, leading to a decrease in pH value. PPA can promote the proliferation of Bacteroideaceae, Megasphaera, Bacteroideaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae, and inhibit the growth of Desulfobacteriota and Enterobacteriaceae. The results indicated that PPA could treat diseases by regulating gut microbiota, providing a scientific basis for the application and development of PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Xu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Ke Pei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Xiang-Long Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Shuo-Sheng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Mei-Bian Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China,.
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030600, PR China,.
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Shan H, Guo Y, Li J, Liu Z, Chen S, Dashnyam B, McClements DJ, Cao C, Xu X, Yuan B. Impact of Whey Protein Corona Formation around TiO 2 Nanoparticles on Their Physiochemical Properties and Gastrointestinal Fate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4958-4976. [PMID: 38381611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we found that whey proteins form biomolecular coronas around titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Here, the gastrointestinal fate of whey protein-coated TiO2 nanoparticles and their interactions with gut microbiota were investigated. The antioxidant activity of protein-coated nanoparticles was enhanced after simulated digestion. The structure of the whey proteins was changed after they adsorbed to the surfaces of the TiO2 nanoparticles, which reduced their hydrolysis under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The presence of protein coronas also regulated the impact of the TiO2 nanoparticles on colonic fermentation, including promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. Bare TiO2 nanoparticles significantly increased the proportion of harmful bacteria and decreased the proportion of beneficial bacteria, but the presence of protein coronas alleviated this effect. In particular, the proportion of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, was enhanced for the coated nanoparticles. Our results suggest that the formation of a whey protein corona around TiO2 nanoparticles may have beneficial effects on their behavior within the colon. This study provides valuable new insights into the potential impact of protein coronas on the gastrointestinal fate of inorganic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Shan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Zimo Liu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Shaoqin Chen
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Badamkhand Dashnyam
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chongjiang Cao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Biao Yuan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
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3
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Ge Q, Hou CL, Rao XH, Zhang AQ, Xiao GM, Wang LY, Jin KN, Sun PL, Chen LC. In vitro fermentation characteristics of polysaccharides from coix seed and its effects on the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129994. [PMID: 38325690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Coix seed polysaccharides had received increasing attention due to their diverse biological activities. In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (CSPW) was extracted and purified from coix seed. Furthermore, the saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation behavior of CSPW were simulated in vitro. The results showed that CSPW was mainly composed of glucose. It cannot be degraded by the simulated salivary and intestinal digestive system, but can be degraded by the simulated gastric digestive system. After fermentation for 24 h, CSPW promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid being the main metabolites. In addition, CSPW could significantly regulate the composition and microbial diversity of gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Limosilicactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Collinsella. Finally, further analysis of functional prediction revealed that amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the most important pathways for CSPW to promote health. In summary, our findings suggested that CSPW could potentially be used as a good source of prebiotics because it can be used by gut microbiota to produce SCFAs and regulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China.
| | - Chen-Long Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Xiu-Hua Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - An-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Guo-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Kai-Ning Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Pei-Long Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Li-Chun Chen
- School of Food Science and Biological engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, PR China
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Zhong L, Hu Q, Zhan Q, Zhao M, Zhao L. Oat protein isolate- Pleurotus ostreatus β-glucan conjugate nanoparticles bound to β-carotene effectively alleviate immunosuppression by regulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:1867-1883. [PMID: 38236028 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with immune disorders cannot establish an adequate defense to pathogens, leading to gut microbiota dysbiosis. β-Carotene can regulate immune response, but its bioavailability in vivo is very low. Herein, we developed a glycosylated oat protein-based nanoparticle to improve the application of β-carotene for mitigating cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and gut microbiota imbalance in mice. The results showed that the nanoparticles facilitated a conversion of β-carotene to retinol or retinyl palmitate into the systemic circulation, leading to an increased bioavailability of β-carotene. The encapsulated β-carotene bolstered humoral immunity by elevating immunoglobulin levels, augmenting splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations, and increasing splenic cytokine concentrations in immunosuppressed mice. This effect was accompanied by the alleviation of pathological features observed in the spleen. In addition, the encapsulated β-carotene restored the abnormal gut microbiota associated with immunosuppression, including Erysipelotrichaceae, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Roseburia. This study suggested that nanoparticles loaded with β-carotene have great potential for therapeutic intervention in human immune disorders by specifically targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Qiping Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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5
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Gauttam VK, Munjal K, Chopra H, Ahmad A, Rana MK, Kamal MA. A Mechanistic Review on Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Pharmacologically Active Molecules for Targeting Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:10-30. [PMID: 38155468 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128274446231220113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy with phytochemicals is an emerging field of study with therapeutic potential. Obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal lipid profiles are all components of metabolic syndrome, which is a major public health concern across the world. New research highlights the promise of phytochemicals found in foods, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, as a sustainable and innovative method of treating this illness. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-sensitizing qualities are just a few of the many positive impacts shown by bioactive substances. Collectively, they alleviate the hallmark symptoms of metabolic syndrome by modulating critical metabolic pathways, boosting insulin sensitivity, decreasing oxidative stress, and calming chronic low-grade inflammation. In addition, phytochemicals provide a multimodal strategy by targeting not only adipose tissue but also the liver, skeletal muscle, and vascular endothelium, all of which have a role in the pathogenesis of MetS. Increasing evidence suggests that these natural chemicals may be useful in controlling metabolic syndrome as a complementary treatment to standard medication or lifestyle changes. This review article emphasizes the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals, illuminating their varied modes of action and their ability to alleviate the interconnected causes of metabolic syndrome. Phytochemical-based interventions show promise as a novel and sustainable approach to combating the rising global burden of metabolic syndrome, with the ultimate goal of bettering public health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Gauttam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Shiva Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Hmachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Munjal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Agriculture, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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6
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Mondal S, Agrawal S, Balasubramanian A, Maji S, Shit S, Biswas P, Ghosh S, Islam SS, Dey S. Structural analysis of a water insoluble polysaccharide from pearl millet and evaluating its prebiotic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126469. [PMID: 37625743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between dietary intake of prebiotics and the risk of chronic diseases. Pearl millet is a potential economic source to develop a new class of prebiotics in the form of its polysaccharide. In the present study, the chemical structure of a water insoluble homopolysaccharide (PMG), and its prebiotic properties were investigated. The structure of PMG was elucidated on the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and 1D/2D NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT-135, HSQC, DQF-COSY, NOESY and ROESY) experiments. The results indicated that PMG was a glucan with an average molecular weight ~ 361 kDa having a backbone of (1 → 3) α-d-glucopyranosyl residues. Hydrolysis of PMG by salivary and pancreatic α amylase was 1.75 % ± 0.34 and 1.99 % ± 0.18 respectively. A positive prebiotic score of PMG with both L. acidophilus and L. brevis (0.446 ± 0.031 & 0.427 ± 0.016) hints towards its prebiotic potential. These observations suggest that PMG might be used as a potential prebiotic component in the food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Shivangi Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Abinaya Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sachin Maji
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sandip Shit
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Paramita Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Satyabrata Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Syed S Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Satyahari Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Midnapore, West Bengal 721302, India.
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7
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Hu S, Gao K, Jiao Y, Yuan Z. Glycolysis characteristics of intracellular polysaccharides from Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) sacc. Chaidam and its effects on intestinal flora from different altitudes of mice in vitro fermentation. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113382. [PMID: 37803720 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycolysis characteristics and effects on intestinal flora of polysaccharides from Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Chaidam (ABIPs) in vitro fermentation by different altitudes of mice feces was examined, including low, medium, and high altitudes groups (LG, MG, and HG). In vitro, fermentation of ABIPs forty-eight hours resulted in a remarkable decrease in total sugar content and improvement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate), which simultaneously induced the composition of monose and uronic acids and SCFAs continuously change. Besides, ABIPs influenced the abundance and composition of the intestinal flora, generally increasing the abundance of probiotic bacteria (such as Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium) and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Phenylobacterium and Streptococcus) in all groups, with the highland biology core genus Blautia significantly enriched in LG and MG groups. It was also found that ABIPs enhanced pathways associated with biosynthesis and metabolism. In addition, correlation analysis speculated that the metabolism of SCFAs by ABIPs may be associated with genera such as Anaerostipes, Roseburia, and Weissella. ABIPs may protect organismal health by regulating hypoxic intestinal flora composition and metabolic function, and more superior fermentation performance was observed in MG compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Hu
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Ke Gao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Yingchun Jiao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810016, China.
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8
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Lin Y, Lv Y, Mao Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Zhu B, Yu Y, Ding Z, Zhou F. Polysaccharides from Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg ameliorated inflammatory bowel disease by rebuilding the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibiting inflammation through the SCFA-GPR41/43 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126167. [PMID: 37558022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the therapeutic effects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide (THP) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its possible mechanisms were investigated based on the IBD mouse model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 cell model. THP significantly alleviated the signs and symptoms of DSS-induced IBD mice, including the reduced weight, shortened colonic length, and increased colitis disease activity index. In vivo, THP significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative damage, promoted intestinal mucus secretion, and restored the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and mucus barrier. Furthermore, THP reversed the changes in the intestinal flora of colonized mice and restored the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by increasing the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria and increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. In addition, THP upregulated the expression of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR41 and GPR43) both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, the current investigation showed that THP effectively protected against intestinal inflammation and impairment in the intestinal barrier in the setting of DSS-induced IBD, possibly by regulating gut microbiota structure and corresponding SCFA metabolites, and the pathway of SCFAs action may be related to SCFA-GPR41/43 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lin
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yishan Lv
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zian Mao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingcan Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Bisht A, Goh KKT, Matia-Merino L. The fate of mamaku gum in the gut: effect on in vitro gastrointestinal function and colon fermentation by human faecal microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:7024-7039. [PMID: 37439088 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01665j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Mamaku is a fern indigenous to the Pacific Islands with a long history of use for therapeutic benefits such as to combat skin conditions and manage gastrointestinal discomfort; however, the scientific understanding is limited. In this study, we examined the effect of mamaku gum, extracted from different age fronds of the New Zealand Black tree fern (Cyathea medullaris, Mamaku) (stage 1: young, stage 2: fully grown and stage 3: old), on gut function using in vitro models of static digestion, enzyme activity and static colonic fermentation. Under simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions, mamaku polysaccharide (MP) was indigestible as there was no decrease in the molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer. Mamaku gum could reduce the activity of digestive enzymes (α-amylase, pepsin and lipase) in a concentration-dependent manner, with the stage 1 sample showing the highest inhibition and stage 3 the lowest. All three mamaku gum samples could also equally bind bile acids during intestinal digestion. During fermentation, human faecal microbiota utilised the mamaku gum and significantly increased the production of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and reduced the pH when compared with the blank. However, changes in SCFAs and pH for mamaku groups were less prominent than for inulin and guar gum control groups, suggesting lower fermentability of mamaku gum compared to the latter two. Furthermore, mamaku gum altered the composition of colonic microbiota, specifically reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Paraprevotella and Parabacteroides genera. No obvious difference between mamaku gum samples from stage 1, 2 and 3 was observed during fermentation. Collectively, these results suggest that mamaku gum may modulate the functionality of the host gut by reducing enzyme activity, binding bile acids, altering the colonic microbial composition and producing SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bisht
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Kelvin K T Goh
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Lara Matia-Merino
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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10
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Effects of pile fermentation on the physicochemical, functional, and biological properties of tea polysaccharides. Food Chem 2023; 410:135353. [PMID: 36608548 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of pile fermentation on the physicochemical, functional, and biological properties of tea polysaccharides (TPS). Results indicated that the extraction yield, uronic acid content, and polyphenol content of TPS greatly increased from 1.8, 13.1 and 6.3 % to 4.1, 27.9, and 7.8 %, respectively, but the molecular weight markedly decreased from 153.7 to 76.0 kDa after pile fermentation. Additionally, the interfacial, emulsion formation, and emulsion stabilization properties of TPS were significantly improved after pile fermentation. For instance, 1.0 wt% TPS isolated from dark tea (D-TPS) can fabricate 8.0 wt% MCT oil-in-water nanoemulsion (d32 ≈ 159 nm) with potent storage stability. Moreover, the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of D-TPS was higher than that of TPS isolated from sun-dried raw tea (R-TPS). Overall, this study indicated that pile fermentation markedly affected the physicochemical and structural characteristics of TPS, thereby improving their functional and biological properties.
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11
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Liu Y, Lei S, Hou R, Li D, Wan X, Cai H, Chen G. Tea polysaccharides from Taiping Houkui may serve as a potential candidate for regulation of lipid metabolism: Roles of gut microbiota and metabolite in vitro. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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12
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Wu G, Gu W, Chen G, Cheng H, Li D, Xie Z. Interactions of tea polysaccharides with gut microbiota and their health-promoting effects to host: Advances and perspectives. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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13
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Bai Y, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Chen Y, Wang F, Zhang M. Gut microbial fermentation promotes the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Chinese yam polysaccharides. Food Chem 2023; 402:134003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Wang Q, Chen H, Yin M, Cheng X, Xia H, Hu H, Zheng J, Zhang Z, Liu H. In vitro digestion and human gut microbiota fermentation of Bletilla striata polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1105335. [PMID: 36816591 PMCID: PMC9929950 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bletilla striata is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. B. striata polysaccharides (BP) and oligosaccharides (BO) are one of the main components of B. striata, which have been proved to have a variety of biological activities. However, the digestion and fermentation characteristics of BP and BO are still unclear. Methods The study evaluated different prebiotic effects of BP and BO by in vitro simulating digestion and gut microbiota fermentation. Results The results show that the simulating saliva partly degraded BP, but had no effect on BO. The molecular weights of BP and BO remained basically unchanged in gastric and intestinal digestion. In addition, BP and BO could be rapidly degraded and utilized by gut microbiota. During in vitro fermentation, the growth rates of the BP and BO groups were higher than that of the Control group and the pH value and total carbohydrate content in BP group and BO group decreased significantly. Although the reducing sugar level in the BO group decreased rapidly, it remained at a low level in the BP group. Both BP and BO improved the composition and structure of gut microbiota, indicative of the upregulated abundances of Streptococcus and Veillonella, and the downregulated populations of Escherichia and Bacteroides. There were differences in the SCFA production by gut microbiota and antioxidant activities between the BP and BO groups. The fermentation broth of the BP group displayed a stronger suppression of O2-, but a higher scavenging effect on DPPH for the BO group. Conclusions BP and BO displayed different digestion and fermentation characteristics in vitro due to their distinct polymerization degrees. The study point towards the potential of BP and BO as prebiotics in the application to human diseases by selectively regulating gut microbiota in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mingzhu Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Hongtao Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Zhang, ; Hongtao Liu,
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15
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Chen C, Li T, Chen G, Chen D, Peng Y, Hu B, Sun Y, Zeng X. Prebiotic effect of sialylated immunoglobulin G on gut microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease by in vitro fermentation. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Liu JP, Wang J, Zhou SX, Huang DC, Qi GH, Chen GT. Ginger polysaccharides enhance intestinal immunity by modulating gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1308-1319. [PMID: 36395935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the immunity-enhancing effect of ginger polysaccharides UGP1 and UGP2 on CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice was evaluated. The results showed that ginger polysaccharide could effectively alleviate the symptoms of weight loss and dietary intake reduction induced by CTX, increase fecal water content, reduce fecal pH, and protect immune organs of immunosuppressed mice. In addition, ginger polysaccharides also stimulated the secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α and immunoglobulin Ig-G in the serum of mice, increased the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1, and restored the level of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine to improve immune deficiency. Furthermore, ginger polysaccharides significantly reduced the relative abundance ratio of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in mice and increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. At the family level, ginger polysaccharides increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae, and decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that ginger polysaccharides could enhance intestinal immunity by modulating gut microbiota associated with immune function. These results indicated that ginger polysaccharides have the potential to be a functional food ingredients or a natural medicine for the treatment of intestinal barrier injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Liu
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Si-Xuan Zhou
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - De-Chun Huang
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guo-Hong Qi
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Gui-Tang Chen
- College of Engineering/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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17
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Sun Y, Tang Z, Hao T, Qiu Z, Zhang B. Simulated Digestion and Fermentation In Vitro by Obese Human Gut Microbiota of Sulforaphane from Broccoli Seeds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244016. [PMID: 36553758 PMCID: PMC9778330 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND sulforaphane is a kind of isothiocyanate, which is obtained by hydrolysis of glucosinolate by the unique myrosinase in plants. It has been proved to prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cancer. OBJECTIVE The impact of SFN on obese human gut flora, however, has not been established. METHODS In this research, SFN was isolated from broccoli seeds and then refined to achieve 95% purity. Next, an investigation was conducted into the digestion and fermentation processes of SFN. RESULTS The stability of the SFN in simulated saliva, gastric fluid, and intestinal juice provides evidence that it can reach the gut and be available for utilization by gut microflora. In vitro fermentation of SFN by gut microbes in obese patients results in alteration in constitution of microbiota and production of short chain fatty acids. As the result of SFN ingestion by human gut bacteria, the content of butyric and valeric acids increased 1.21- and 1.46-fold, respectively. In obese human guts, the relative abundances of the beneficial genera including Lactobacillus, Weissella, Leuconosto, Algiphilus and Faecalibacterium significantly increased, whilst the detrimental genera, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Sutterella, Megamonas and Proteus drastically declined. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings demonstrate that SFN can be used as a nutraceutical ingredient for obese patients and for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology and Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhaocheng Tang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology and Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology and Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zeyu Qiu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology and Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology and Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-0292
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18
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Kan X, Zhou W, Xu W, Dai Z, Yan Y, Mi J, Sun Y, Zeng X, Cao Y, Lu L. Zeaxanthin Dipalmitate-Enriched Emulsion Stabilized with Whey Protein Isolate-Gum Arabic Maillard Conjugate Improves Gut Microbiota and Inflammation of Colitis Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223670. [PMID: 36429262 PMCID: PMC9689712 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, protein-polysaccharide Maillard conjugates were used as novel emulsifiers and bioactive carriers. Effects and potential mechanisms of zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD)-enriched emulsion stabilized with whey protein isolate (WPI)-gum Arabic (GA) conjugate (WPI-GA-ZD) and ZD-free emulsion (WPI-GA) on gut microbiota and inflammation were investigated using a model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. As a result, supplementation with WPI-GA and WPI-GA-ZD improved the serum physiological and biochemical indicators, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related mRNA, as well as increased the tight junction proteins to a certain extent. 16S rDNA sequencing analyses showed that supplementation with WPI-GA and WPI-GA-ZD presented differential modulation of gut microbiota and played regulatory roles in different metabolic pathways to promote health. Compared with WPI-GA, the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus and Clostridium_IV genera were enriched by the intervention of WPI-GA-ZD. Overall, the designed carotenoid-enriched emulsion stabilized with protein-polysaccharide conjugates showed potential roles in promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Kan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhuqing Dai
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-25-84396791 (X.Z.); +86-951-6886783 (L.L.)
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-25-84396791 (X.Z.); +86-951-6886783 (L.L.)
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Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Lu PP, Dai GC, Zhang M, Wang H, Rui YF. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates bone loss in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic function. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:46-60. [PMID: 36196151 PMCID: PMC9520092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in enhanced bone fragility and related fractures. The postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has a relatively high proportion, and numerous studies reveal that estrogen-deficiency is related to the imbalance of gut microbiota (GM), impaired intestinal mucosal barrier function and enhanced inflammatory reactivity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and the existing interventions are also scarce. Methods In this study, we established a mouse model induced by ovariectomy (OVX) and conducted fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by gavage every day for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the bone mass and microarchitecture of mice were evaluated by the micro computed tomography (Micro-CT). The intestinal permeability, pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines expression, osteogenic and osteoclastic activities were detected by the immunohistological analysis, histological examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis accordingly. Additionally, the composition and abundance of GM were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) level was measured by metabolomics. Results Our results demonstrated that FMT inhibited the excessive osteoclastogenesis and prevented the OVX-induced bone loss. Specifically, compared with the OVX group, FMT enhanced the expressions of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and Occludin) and suppressed the release of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)). Furthermore, FMT also optimized the composition and abundance of GM, and increased the fecal SCFAs level (mainly acetic acid and propionic acid). Conclusions Collectively, based on GM-bone axis, FMT prevented the OVX-induced bone loss by correcting the imbalance of GM, improving the SCFAs level, optimizing the intestinal permeability and suppressing the release of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, which may be an alternative option to serve as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of PMOP in the future. The translational potential of this article This study indicates the ingenious involvement of GM-bone axis in PMOP and the role of FMT in reshaping the status of GM and ameliorating the bone loss in OVX-induced mice. FMT might serve as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of PMOP in the future.
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21
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Qiu S, Huang L, Xia N, Teng J, Wei B, Lin X, Khan MR. Two Polysaccharides from Liupao Tea Exert Beneficial Effects in Simulated Digestion and Fermentation Model In Vitro. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192958. [PMID: 36230033 PMCID: PMC9564304 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liupao tea is an important dark tea, but few studies on purified Liupao tea polysaccharide (TPS) are reported in the literature. In this study, two TPSs, named TPS2 and TPS5, with molecular weights of 70.5 and 133.9 kDa, respectively, were purified from Liupao tea. TPS2 contained total sugar content (53.73% ± 1.55%) and uronic acid content (35.18% ± 0.96%), while TPS5 was made up of total sugar (51.71% ± 1.1%), uronic acid (40.95% ± 3.12%), polyphenols (0.43% ± 0.03%), and proteins (0.11% ± 0.07%). TPS2 and TPS5 were composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, and Ara in the molar ratios of 0.12:0.69:0.20:0.088:1.60:0.37 and 0.090:0.36:0.42:0.07:1.10:0.16, respectively. The effects of TPS2 and TPS5 on digestion and regulation of gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats were compared. In simulated digestion, TPS5 was degraded and had good antioxidant effect, whereas TPS2 was not affected. The bile acids binding capacities of TPS2 and TPS5 were 42.79% ± 1.56% and 33.78% ± 0.45%, respectively. During in vitro fermentation, TPS2 could more effectively reduce pH, promote the production of acetic acid and propionic acid, and reduce the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. TPS5 could more effectively promote the production of butyric acid and increase the abundance of genus Bacteroides. Results indicate that polysaccharides without polyphenols and proteins have better antidigestibility and bile acid binding. Meanwhile, polysaccharides with polyphenols and proteins have a better antioxidant property. Both have different effects on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Qiu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Ning Xia
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianwen Teng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baoyao Wei
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Rafiullah Khan
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Department of Food Engineering, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
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22
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Fang C, Chen G, Kan J. Characterization and in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation of Mentha haplocalyx polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:360-372. [PMID: 36150573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An acidic polysaccharide (PMHP-3) obtained from the Mentha haplocalyx was structurally characterized, and in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation were investigated. PMHP-3 was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with molecular weight of 21.82 kDa. After digestion in saliva and simulated gastric juice, the molecular weight, reducing sugar, total sugar and uronic acid contents of PMHP-3 did not change significantly (p > 0.05). After digestion in simulated intestinal juice, the molecular weight and uronic acid content of PMHP-3 did not change significantly, and there was no free monosaccharide production, but the total sugar and reducing sugar contents slightly decreased. During fermentation, the molecular weight, carbohydrate residue and free monosaccharides of PMHP-3 were decreased, suggesting that PMHP-3 could be degraded by microorganism and metabolized into a variety the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic, propionic. Meanwhile, PMHP-3 modulated the gut microbiota by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, and inhibiting harmful bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae and Enterobacteriaceae. These results indicate that PMHP-3 is beneficial to the gut health and can be developed as a potential prebiotic to prevent diseases by improving intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Fang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangjing Chen
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, PR China.
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Li R, Wang Z, Kong KW, Xiang P, He X, Zhang X. Probiotic fermentation improves the bioactivities and bioaccessibility of polyphenols in Dendrobium officinale under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005912. [PMID: 36159468 PMCID: PMC9491275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the research was to investigate and compare the bioactivities and bioaccessibility of the polyphenols (PPs) from Dendrobium officinale (DO) and probiotic fermented Dendrobium officinale (FDO), by using in vitro simulated digestion model under oral, gastric and intestinal phases as well as colonic fermentation. The results indicated that FDO possessed significantly higher total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) than DO, and they were released most in the intestinal digestion phase with 6.96 ± 0.99 mg GAE/g DE and 10.70 ± 1.31 mg RE/g DE, respectively. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a total of six phenolic acids and four flavonoids were detected. In the intestinal phase, syringaldehyde and ferulic acid were major released by DO, whereas they were p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid for FDO. However, apigenin and scutellarin were sustained throughout the digestion whether DO or FDO. As the digestive process progressed, their antioxidant ability, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were increased, and FDO was overall substantially stronger in these activities than that of DO. Both DO and FDO could reduce pH values in the colonic fermentation system, and enhance the contents of short-chain fatty acids, but there were no significantly different between them. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that both DO and FDO could alter intestinal microbial diversity during in vitro colonic fermentation. In particular, after colonic fermentation for 24 h, FDO could significantly improve the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and enrich the abundancy of Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05), which was most likely through the carbohydrate metabolism signal pathway. Taken together, the PPs from DO and FDO had good potential for antioxidant and modulation of gut bacterial flora during the digestive processes, and FDO had better bioactivities and bioaccessibility. This study could provide scientific data and novel insights for Dendrobium officinale to be developed as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rurui Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiahong He
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Xuechun Zhang
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Jin X, Ru Y, Zhang X, Kan H, Xiang P, He X, Sun J, He X, Wang Z. The influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation on the flowers of Juglans regia: Changes in the active compounds and bioactivities. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1014085. [PMID: 36159499 PMCID: PMC9490424 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1014085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the research was to investigate the digestion and fecal fermentation characteristics of the flowers of Juglans regia (FJR), by using in vitro simulated digestion model (oral, gastric, and intestine) as well as colonic fermentation. As a result, the contents of most active substances and functional activities of FJR were decreased as the digestion proceeded, and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in the fecal fermentation phase. In the oral digestion phase, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were released most with the values of 11.43 and 9.41 μg/mg, respectively. While in the gastric digestion phase, the antioxidant abilities, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory abilities were the weakest. By using high-performance liquid chromatography, 13 phenolic acids and 3 flavonoids were detected. Of these, the highest number of identified compounds were found in the undigested and the oral digestion stages, which were mainly salicylic acid, epicatechin, 3,5-dihydroxybenoic acid, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. However, great losses were observed during the gastric and intestinal digestion stages, only epicatechin, salicylic acid, and protocatechuic acid were found. Surprisingly, fecal fermentation released more abundant phenolic substances compared to gastric and intestinal digestion. Additionally, FJR reduced the pH values in the colonic fermentation system, significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids, and regulated the microbe community structure by improving the community richness of beneficial microbiota. This indicated that FJR had the benefit to improve the microorganismal environment in the intestine. Further Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that FJR could suppress the metabolic pathways related to diseases, such as infectious diseases, metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, although the bioactivities of FJR decreased significantly after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation, it still maintained certain antioxidant and hypoglycemic ability in vitro. This study described the detailed changes in the active compounds and bioactivities of FJR during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation, and its effects on microbiota composition and SCFAs levels in feces. Our results revealed the potential health benefits of FJR, and could provide a reference for its further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Jin
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuerong Ru
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Huan Kan
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiahong He
| | - Zhengxing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Zhengxing Wang
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Yin Y, Cai J, Zhou L, Xing L, Zhang W. Dietary oxidized beef protein alters gut microbiota and induces colonic inflammatory damage in C57BL/6 mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:980204. [PMID: 36118776 PMCID: PMC9478438 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.980204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of oxidized beef protein on colon health. C57BL/6 mice were fed diets containing in vitro oxidized beef protein (carbonyl content 5.83/9.02 nmol/mg protein) or normal beef protein (control group, carbonyl content 2.27 nmol/mg protein) for 10 weeks. Histological observations showed that oxidized beef protein diet induced notable inflammatory cell infiltrations in colon. The analysis of high-throughput sequencing indicated oxidized beef protein largely altered the composition of gut microbiota (GM) by increasing proinflammatory bacteria (Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, Enterorhabdus) while reducing beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Akkermansia). In addition, oxidized beef protein remarkably increased protein fermentation in the colon, which was evidenced by the elevated i-butyrate, i-valerate, and ammonia levels in feces. Furthermore, consuming oxidized beef protein destroyed colon barrier functions by decreasing tight junction proteins expression. These changes in colonic ecosystem activated the proinflammatory pathway of lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor kappa B (LPS/TLR-4/NF-κB), eventually leading to colonic inflammatory damage in mice. Taken together, these results imply that consuming oxidized beef protein detrimentally regulates GM and impairs colon health.
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Xu W, Huang Y, Tao S, Zhou W, Peng Y, Dong W, Kan X, Chen G, Zeng X, Liu Z. Effects of long-term administration of theasinensin A on healthy C57BL/6J mice: Enhancing the function of epididymal white adipose tissue and regulating the colonic microenvironment. Food Chem 2022; 403:134477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Jiang S, Ma J, Li Y, Lu B, Du J, Xu J, Qin Z, Ning T, Dong C. A polysaccharide from native Curcuma kwangsiensis and its mechanism of reversing MDSC-induced suppressive function. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sun Y, Zhang C, Zhang P, Ai C, Song S. Digestion characteristics of polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis and its interaction with the human gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:305-316. [PMID: 35654220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The health effects of polysaccharides have attracted lots of attention, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study indicated that polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLPs) tolerated the conditions of mouth, stomach, and small intestine, and it reached the colon integrally, where it increased the production of short chain fatty acids, altered the gut microbiota, and especially increased the level of Bacteroides. To explore the underlying mechanism, hundreds of Bacteroides strains were isolated from the human feces and identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. It showed that Bacteroides species profile was different between individuals, revealing an inherent difference in the human gut microbiota. The use of Bacteroides on GLPs was species-dependent, and various small molecular GLPs fragments can be liberated from growth of Bacteroides species. On the other hand, Bacteroides species that unable to grow with GLPs can live in GLPs-derived fragments, forming a GLPs utilization network. It should be noted that small molecular GLPs fragments can be easier to be metabolized by intestinal microbes and have better effect on cellular response. It suggested that the effect of polysaccharides cannot only be attributed to modulation of the gut microbiota, but also associated with the effect of microbial degradation on GLPs own activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
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Sun W, Xu J, Yin Z, Li H, Li J, Zhu L, Li Z, Zhan X. Fractionation, preliminary structural characterization and prebiotic activity of polysaccharide from the thin stillage of distilled alcoholic beverage. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen D, Bai R, Yong H, Zong S, Jin C, Liu J. Improving the digestive stability and prebiotic effect of carboxymethyl chitosan by grafting with gallic acid: In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:685-696. [PMID: 35779653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a useful polysaccharide with potential applications in food, cosmetic and biomedical industries. Nonetheless, CMCS is unfavorable for maintaining intestinal flora balance. In this study, gallic acid (GA) was grafted with CMCS through ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide initiated graft copolymerization reaction, producing GA grafted CMCS (GA-g-CMCS). The digestive and fermentative behavior of CMCS and GA-g-CMCS were investigated by using in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models. Results showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of CMCS gradually decreased during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion, changing from original sheet-like morphology to porous and rod-like fragments. However, the Mw and morphology of GA-g-CMCS were almost unchanged under saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion. Meanwhile, the grafted GA moiety was not released from GA-g-CMCS during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion. As compared with CMCS fermentation, GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly suppressed the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Paeniclostridium, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, UBA1819 and Butyricimonas, while facilitated the relative abundance of Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium and Lachnospira. In addition, GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids. These findings suggested that the digestive stability and prebiotic effect of CMCS were improved by grafting with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyu Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Fermentation characteristics and probiotic activity of a purified fraction of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Effect of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the antioxidant activity, molecular weight, and microstructure of polysaccharides from Chinese yam. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:873-882. [PMID: 35358578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties and the changes of molecular weight (Mw), antioxidant activity, and microstructure of Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYP-A) during in vitro digestion. Results showed that the scavenging rate of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical of CYP-A was approximately 79% at the concentration of 6 mg/mL. Furthermore, the antioxidant ability positively correlated with the concentration of CYP-A. In addition, the Mw of CYP-A decreased (p < 0.05) after intestinal digestion. Fourier transform infrared showed that the degrees of esterification of CYP-A increased to 39.04% after 6 h of gastric digestion. Moreover, the structure of CYP-A changed after in vitro gastric digestion. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated that the surface morphology of CYP-A turned from smooth and irregular to a layered honeycomb after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Surprisingly, the activity of DPPH radical scavenging significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the intestinal digested samples of CYP-A, which showed a positive correlation with the concentration of CYP-A. However, the reducing power significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after in vitro intestinal digestion.
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Wei Y, Xu J, Miao S, Wei K, Peng L, Wang Y, Wei X. Recent advances in the utilization of tea active ingredients to regulate sleep through neuroendocrine pathway, immune system and intestinal microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7598-7626. [PMID: 35266837 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2048291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders have received widespread attention nowadays, which have been promoted by the accelerated pace of life, unhealthy diets and lack of exercise in modern society. The chemical medications to improve sleep has shown serious side effects and risks with high costs. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient nutraceuticals from natural sources to ensure sleep quality as a sustainable strategy. As the second most consumed beverage worldwide, the health-promoting effects of tea have long been widely recognized. However, the modulatory effect of teas on sleep disorders has received much less attention. Tea contains various natural sleep-modulating active ingredients such as L-theanine (LTA), caffeine, tea polyphenols (TPP), tea pigments, tea polysaccharides (TPS) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This review focuses on the potential influence and main regulating mechanisms of different tea active ingredients on sleep, including being absorbed by the small intestine and then cross the blood-brain barrier to act on neurons in the brain as neurotransmitters, manipulating the immune system and further affect sleep-wake cycle by regulating the levels of cytokines, and controlling the gut microbes to maintain the homeostasis of circadian rhythm. Current research progress and limitations are summarized and several future development directions are also proposed. This review hopes to provide new insights into the future elucidation of the sleep-regulating mechanisms of different teas and their natural active ingredients and the development of tea-based functional foods for alleviating sleep disorders. HighlightsNatural sleep-modulating active ingredients in tea have been summarized.Influences of drinking tea or tea active ingredients on sleep are reviewed.Three main regulating mechanisms of tea active ingredients on sleep are explained.The associations among nervous system, immune system and intestinal microbiota are investigated.The potential of developing delivery carriers for tea active ingredients is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Siwei Miao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Peng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Liu L, Fu Q, Li T, Shao K, Zhu X, Cong Y, Zhao X. Gut microbiota and butyrate contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopause due to estrogen deficiency. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262855. [PMID: 35108315 PMCID: PMC8809533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women has increased significantly. Estrogen plays a very important role in NAFLD, but whether NAFLD in premenopausal women was caused by estrogen deficiency was unknown. Thus, it is of great clinical significance to explore the mechanism of NAFLD in premenopausal women. Gut microbiota and its metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been shown to play important roles in the development of NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the impact of gut microbiota and SCFA in NAFLD patients and mice caused by estrogen deficiency. We showed that premenopause NAFLD patients had much lower estrogen levels. Estrogen deficient mice, due to ovariectomy (OVX), suffered more severe liver steatosis with an elevated body weight, abdominal fat weight, serum triglycerides and deterioration in hepatic steatosis. Altered gut microbiota composition and decreased butyrate content were found in NAFLD patients and in OVX mice. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or supplementing with butyrate alleviated NAFLD in OVX mice. The production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) Reg3ɣ, β-defensins and the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction, including ZO-1 and Occluding-5, were decreased in the OVX mice compared to control mice. Upregulation of PPAR-ɣ and VLDLR, downregulation of PPAR-ɑ indicated that OVX mice suffered from abnormal lipid metabolism. These data indicate that changes in the gut microbiota and SCFA caused by estrogen reduction, together with a disorder in AMP production and lipid metabolism, promote NAFLD, thus provide SCFAs derived from microbiota as new therapeutic targets for the clinical prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Medical Experiment Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsong Fu
- Department of Medical Experiment Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (QF)
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Medical Experiment Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Shao
- Department of Medical Experiment Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Medical Experiment Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Qingdao Key Lab of Mitochondrial Medicine, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (QF)
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35
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Comprehensive analysis of Sparassis crispa polysaccharide characteristics during the in vitro digestion and fermentation model. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Anti-obesity natural products and gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110819. [PMID: 34980371 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The link between gut microbiota and obesity or other metabolic syndromes is growing increasingly clear. Natural products are appreciated for their beneficial health effects in humans. Increasing investigations demonstrated that the anti-obesity bioactivities of many natural products are gut microbiota dependent. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on anti-obesity natural products acting through gut microbiota according to their chemical structures and signaling metabolites. Manipulation of the gut microbiota by natural products may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity.
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37
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Cao Z, Guo Y, Liu Z, Zhang H, Zhou H, Shang H. Ultrasonic enzyme-assisted extraction of comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) polysaccharides and their digestion and fermentation behaviors in vitro. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Pediococcus pentosaceus IM96 Exerts Protective Effects against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection In Vivo. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122945. [PMID: 34945495 PMCID: PMC8700651 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a notorious and prevalent foodborne pathogen which can cause serious intestinal diseases. The antagonistic activity of probiotics against EHEC is promising, but most of the studies concerning this subject have been carried out in vitro. Specifically, the interaction between Pediococcus pentosaceus and EHEC O157:H7 in vivo has not been reported yet. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of P. pentosaceus IM96 on EHEC O157:H7-infected female mice in vivo. The results demonstrated that P. pentosaceus IM96 reduced the level of pro-inflammatory factors and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factors of EHEC O157:H7-infected mice. Furthermore, P. pentosaceus IM96 alleviated intestinal mucosal damage and increased the level of MUC-2, tight junction (TJ) proteins, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The intestinal microbial community structure and the diversity and richness of the microbiota were also changed by P. pentosaceus IM96 treatment. In summary, P. pentosaceus IM96 exerted protective effects against EHEC O157:H7 via alleviating intestinal inflammation, strengthening the intestinal barrier function, and regulating intestinal microbiota, suggesting that P. pentosaceus IM96 might serve as a potential microbial agent to prevent and treat intestinal diseases caused by EHEC O157:H7 infection in the future.
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Zeyneb H, Pei H, Cao X, Wang Y, Win Y, Gong L. In vitro study of the effect of quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides on human gut microbiota. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5735-5745. [PMID: 34646541 PMCID: PMC8498072 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that whole grains and dietary fiber are important for their fermentation characteristics in the large intestine, drawing more and more attention to quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides. In this study, we evaluated the prebiotic effect of quinoa seeds and quinoa polysaccharides after human simulated digestion. The modulatory effect of the quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides (QPs) on the gut microbiota was evaluated by the in vitro fermentation using human fecal microbiota. The yield of polysaccharides extraction was 15.45%. The digestibility of the cooked and uncooked quinoa after simulation of human digestion was 69.04% and 64.09%, respectively. The effect on the microbiota composition and their metabolic products was determined by the assessment of pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and changes in the bacterial population. After 24 hr anaerobic incubation, the total SCFAs of cooked, uncooked quinoa, and quinoa polysaccharides were 82.99, 77.11, and 82.73 mM, respectively with a pH decrease. At the phylum, genus, and class level, it has been found that the quinoa substrates enhance the growth of certain beneficial bacteria such as Prevotella and Bacteroides. Quinoa polysaccharides can be considered prebiotic due to their ability to increase Bifidobacterium and Collinsella. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there was a distinct modulating effect on the fecal microbiota which represents different distribution. Our research suggests that quinoa and quinoa polysaccharides have a prebiotic potential due to their association with the positive shifts in microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids production, which highlights the importance of further studies around this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitache Zeyneb
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hairun Pei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yumon Win
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
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40
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Chen F, Cui D, Wang M. Advances in the
in vitro
digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710054 China
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Mengrao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
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41
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Feng Z, Peng S, Wu Z, Jiao L, Xu S, Wu Y, Liu Z, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang D. Ramulus mori polysaccharide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and their anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:2024-2036. [PMID: 34087293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ramulus mori polysaccharide (RMP) was encapsulated into Poly (lactic-co-glycolicacid) (PLGA) to form PLGA-RMP (PR). The aim of study is to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of PR. The particle size of PR nanoparticles was approximately 205.6 ± 1.86 nm. PR nanoparticles showed significant therapeutic effects on colitis mice model, evidenced by attenuation of the loss of body weight, reduction of the DAI score, and restoration of the colon length. From the histopathological analysis, alleviation of the histopathological damage, less production of IFN-γ and IL-6, and improvement of IL-10 were observed with the treatment of PR. Meanwhile, the treatment of PR not only promoted the expression of ZO-1 and occludin, but also improved the contents of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the colitis colon. Furthermore, PR extenuated the reduction of the diversity and richness of gut microbiota induced by DSS, and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes while increasing the proportion of Clostridium XIVa, Mucispirillum, and Paraprevotella in the gut microbiota. What's more, PR nanoparticles attenuated the metabolic disorders in the colitis colon induced by DSS. These results indicated that PR nanoparticles could serve as a potent nanomedicine to treat IBD and be used as potential prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Feng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Song Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Nanjing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Research Center, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lina Jiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yu Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Gallego-Lobillo P, Ferreira-Lazarte A, Hernández-Hernández O, Villamiel M. In vitro digestion of polysaccharides: InfoGest protocol and use of small intestinal extract from rat. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110054. [PMID: 33648279 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Starch, dextran, pectin and modified citrus pectin were subjected to intestinal digestion following InfoGest protocol and a rat small intestine extract (RSIE) treatment. Gastric stage did not show any modification in the structure of the carbohydrates, except for modified pectin. Regarding intestinal phases, starch was hydrolyzed by different ways, resulting in a complementary behavior between InfoGest and RSIE. Contrarily, digestion of dextran was only observed using RSIE. Similar situation occurred in the case of pectins with RSIE, obtaining a partial hydrolysis, especially in the modified citrus pectin. However, citrus pectin was the less prone to hydrolysis by enzymes. The results demonstrated that InfoGest method underestimates the significance of the carbohydrates hydrolysis at the small intestine, thus indicating that RSIE is a very reliable and useful method for a more realistic study of polysaccharides digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gallego-Lobillo
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Ferreira-Lazarte
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oswaldo Hernández-Hernández
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Cui Y, Zhu L, Li Y, Jiang S, Sun Q, Xie E, Chen H, Zhao Z, Qiao W, Xu J, Dong C. Structure of a laminarin-type β-(1→3)-glucan from brown algae Sargassum henslowianum and its potential on regulating gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117389. [PMID: 33436218 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A homogeneous polysaccharide named SHNP with apparent molecular weight of 8.4 kDa was purified from brown algae Sargassum henslowianum using ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel-filtration column chromatography. Structural analyses reveal that SHNP is completely composed of glucose, and its backbone consists of β-D-(1→3)-Glcp with side chains comprising t-β-D-Glcp attached at the O-6 position. Thus, SHNP is a laminarin-type polysaccharide. In vitro fermentation test results showed that SHNP was digested by gut microbiota; the pH value in the fecal culture of SHNP was significantly decreased; and total short-chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids were significantly increased. Furthermore, SHNP regulated the intestinal microbiota composition by stimulating the growth of species belonging to Enterobacteriaceae while depleting Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Gemmiger formicilis. Taken together, these results indicate that SHNP has the potential for regulating gut microbiota, but its specific role in the regulation requires to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Siliang Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Qili Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Enyi Xie
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Caixia Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Chen G, Hu P, Xu Z, Peng C, Wang Y, Wan X, Cai H. The beneficial or detrimental fluoride to gut microbiota depends on its dosages. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111732. [PMID: 33373928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride, widely presented in drinking water and tea, may be detrimental or beneficial to the human health, depending on its dosages ingested. However, the relationship of different dosages of fluoride and gut microbiota is still unclear. In this work, the fermentation model using fecal samples provided by four volunteers was used to evaluate the effects of different dosages of fluoride (1, 2, 10 and 15 mg/L) on the gut microbiota in vitro. The result showed low dosages of fluoride (1 and 2 mg/L) had limited effect on the structure and functional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the low dosage of fluoride could promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota, including Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus. Whereas, the high dosage of fluoride (10 and 15 mg/L) significantly changed the composition and functional KEGG pathway of gut microbiota. Moreover, the high dosage of fluoride could also reduce the beneficial gut microbiota, including Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium, and increase the harmful bacterium including Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. Both low and high dosages of fluoride showed limited effect on the productions of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Thus, the beneficial or detrimental fluoride to gut microbiota depends on its dosages. The fluoride is expected to serve as a food additive in suitable dosage to improve human health through modulation of the gut microbiota. Moreover, more attention should be paid to toxicity of fluoride with high dosage to gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Ding Y, Chen D, Yan Y, Chen G, Ran L, Mi J, Lu L, Zeng X, Cao Y. Effects of long-term consumption of polysaccharides from the fruit of Lycium barbarum on host's health. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109913. [PMID: 33509480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from the fruit of Lycium barbarum (LBPs) are functional molecules with diverse biological functions in vivo and in vitro. This study investigated the long-term consumption of LBPs on host's health in BALB/c mice. Six-week-old male mice (n = 10 each group) were fed either a normal control (NC) diet or supplemented with 200 mg/kg (body weight)/d of LBPs for 14 weeks. Compared with the NC diet, the LBPs diet enhanced the expression of mucin 2 and Claudin5, improved the intestinal barrier morphologically, moreover, promoted the growth of Lactobacillus and strongly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and IgA (p < 0.05). Feeding LBPs increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in the serum, liver and spleen while decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase and lysozyme in serum and spleen. Besides, the LBPs diet increased the expression of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 and related mRNA but decreased the level of lysozyme. To sum up, chronic intake of LBPs in BALB/c mice improved the oxidation resistance, changed the immune status especially promoted the intestinal immunity. These results may have important implications for LBPs as functional food supplement and for realizing the potential value of LBPs for host's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwu Ran
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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Zhang Y, Xie Q, You L, Cheung PCK, Zhao Z. Behavior of Non-Digestible Polysaccharides in Gastrointestinal Tract: A Mechanistic Review of its Anti-Obesity Effect. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210310.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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47
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A novel inulin-type fructan from Asparagus cochinchinensis and its beneficial impact on human intestinal microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li B, Liu M, Wang Y, Gong S, Yao W, Li W, Gao H, Wei M. Puerarin improves the bone micro-environment to inhibit OVX-induced osteoporosis via modulating SCFAs released by the gut microbiota and repairing intestinal mucosal integrity. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110923. [PMID: 33125971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Half of women over the age of 50 will experience a fracture related osteoporosis in their lifetime. The common treatment is estrogen replacement therapy, which can cause many side effects. Puerarin as a phytoestrogen has been proven to improve postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the mechanisms of anti-osteoporosis remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the anti-osteoporosis effects of puerarin are related to modulations in the gut microbiota and focus on the mechanism of gut / bone axis. METHODS We established ovariectomized (OVX) rats as osteoporosis model. The femur was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) and we measured serum biochemical indices and inflammatory factors. 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition in the fecal samples. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was analyzed by GC. The expression of intestinal inflammatory factors and adhesion proteins was confirmed by western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS Puerarin increased the BMD and improved the intestinal mucosal integrity to reduce the systemic inflammation. The disorder of gut microbiota was improved and its metabolites SCFAs were elevated. Metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, LPS biosynthesis and butyrate metabolism were enriched. CONCLUSION Puerarin treatment modulated the gut microbiota disorder to elicit the anti-osteoporosis effects in OVX rats, by improving the bone micro-environment via regulating the SCFAs levels and repairing the intestinal mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Weifan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wenshuai Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Huang K, Yan Y, Chen D, Zhao Y, Dong W, Zeng X, Cao Y. Ascorbic Acid Derivative 2- O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-Ascorbic Acid from the Fruit of Lycium barbarum Modulates Microbiota in the Small Intestine and Colon and Exerts an Immunomodulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated BALB/c Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11128-11143. [PMID: 32825805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
2-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) is a natural and stable ascorbic acid derivative isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum. In our present study, cyclophosphamide (Cy) was used to make BALB/c mice immunosuppressive and AA-2βG was used to intervene immunosuppressive mice. It was found that Cy treatment resulted in a series of changes on basic immune indexes including a decrease of thymus and spleen indexes and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and destruction of leucocyte proportion balance, accompanied with weight loss, reduction in colon length, and changes of hepatic function markers. However, all these changes were reversed in varying degrees by AA-2βG intervention. Notably, AA-2βG could significantly change both mouse colonic and small-intestinal microbiota. The key responsive taxa found in a mouse colon were Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillibacter, Rikenella, Helicobacter, Negativibacillus, Alistipes, and Roseburia, and the key responsive taxa found in a mouse small intestine were Muribaculaceae, Anaerotruncus, and Paenibacillus. The results demonstrated that AA-2βG could modulate microbiota in the small intestine and colon and exert an immunomodulatory effect. Further studies should focus on the degradation pathways of AA-2βG and the interaction between AA-2βG and Muribaculaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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50
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Dong W, Huang K, Yan Y, Wan P, Peng Y, Zeng X, Cao Y. Long-Term Consumption of 2- O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid from the Fruits of Lycium barbarum Modulates Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8863-8874. [PMID: 32706586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The modulating effect of 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), a natural derivative of ascorbic acid from the fruits of Lycium barbarum, on mice gut microbiota was investigated in the present study. It was found that AA-2βG was able to adjust the structure of mice gut microbiota, elevated the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia, Porphyromonadaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae, and meanwhile reduced the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bdellovibrionaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae, and Peptococcaceae. Through the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, the key microbiota that were found to be significantly changed after long-term consumption of AA-2βG were Ruminococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenellaceae. In addition, AA-2βG could upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote tight junctions between intestinal cells, facilitate the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and upregulate the mRNA expression level of SCFAs receptors, indicating that AA-2βG might promote organism health. The results demonstrated that AA-2βG might maintain organism health by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaiyin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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