1
|
Prasetyanto EA, Wasisto HS, Septiadi D. Cellular lasers for cell imaging and biosensing. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:39-51. [PMID: 35314365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to produce laser action involving biomaterials, in particular (single) biological cells, has fostered the development of cellular lasers as a novel approach in biophotonics. In this respect, cells that are engineered to carry gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes or proteins) are placed inside an optical cavity (i.e., typically a sandwich of highly reflective mirrors), allowing the generation of stimulated emission upon sufficient optical pumping. In another scenario, micron-sized optical resonators supporting whispering-gallery mode (WGM) or semiconductor-based laser probes can be internalized by the cells and support light amplification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fields of biolasers and cellular lasers, and most importantly, highlights their potential applications in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging and analysis. They include biosensing (e.g., in vitro detection of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration), cancer cell imaging, laser-emission-based microscope, cell tracking, cell distinction study, and tissue contraction monitoring in zebrafish. Lastly, several fundamental issues in developing cellular lasers including laser probe fabrication, biocompatibility of the system, and alteration of local refractive index of optical cavities due to protein absorption or probe aggregation are described. Cellular lasers are foreseen as a promising tool to study numerous biological and biophysical phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biolasers are generation of laser involving biological materials. Biomaterials, including single cells, can be engineered to incorporate laser probes or fluorescent proteins or fluorophores, and the resulting light emission can be coupled to optical resonator, allowing generation of cellular laser emission upon optical pumping. Unlike fluorescence, this stimulated emission is very sensitive and is capable of detecting small alterations in the optical property of the cells and their environment. In this review, recent development and applications of cellular lasers in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging, cell tracking, biosensing, and cell/tissue analysis are highlighted. Several challenges in developing cellular lasers including probe fabrication and biocompatibility as well as alteration of cellular environment are explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | | | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong C, Qiao Z, Zhu S, Wang W, Chen YC. Self-Assembled Biophotonic Lasing Network Driven by Amyloid Fibrils in Microcavities. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15007-15016. [PMID: 34533023 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled biological structures have played a significant role in many living systems for its functionality and distinctiveness. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the random dynamic behavior of strong light-matter interactions in complex biological structures can provide hidden information on optical coupling in a network. The concept of biophotonic lasing network is therefore introduced, where a self-assembled human amyloid fibril network was confined in a Fabry-Perot optical cavity. Distinctive lasing patterns were discovered from self-assembled amyloids with different structural dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) confined in a microcavity. Network laser emission exhibiting evidence of light coupling at different wavelengths and locations was spectrally resolved. Dynamic changes of lasing patterns can therefore be interpreted into a graph to reveal the optical correlation in biophotonic networks. Our findings indicate that each graph represents the highly unclonable features of a self-assembled network which can sensitively respond to environmental stimulus. This study offers the potential for studying dynamic biological networks through amplified interactions, shedding light on the development of biologically controlled photonic devices, biosensing, and information encryption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang C, Gong C, Zhang Y, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Gong Y, Chang GE, Tu WC, Chen YC. Programmable Rainbow-Colored Optofluidic Fiber Laser Encoded with Topologically Structured Chiral Droplets. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11126-11136. [PMID: 34137585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic lasers are emerging building blocks with immense potential in the development of miniaturized light sources, integrated photonics, and sensors. The capability of on-demand lasing output with programmable and continuous wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range enables key functionalities in wavelength-division multiplexing and manipulation of light-matter interactions. However, the ability to control multicolor lasing characteristics within a small mode volume with high reconfigurability remains challenging. The color gamut is also restricted by the number of dyes and emission wavelength of existing materials. In this study, we introduce a fully programmable multicolor laser by encapsulating organic-dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal microdroplet lasers in an optofluidic fiber. A mechanism for tuning laser emission wavelengths was proposed by manipulating the topologically induced nanoshell structures in microdroplets with different chiral dopant concentrations. Precision control of distinctive lasing wavelengths and colors covering the entire visible spectra was achieved, including monochromatic lasing, dual-color lasing, tri-color lasing, and white colored lasing with tunable color temperatures. Our findings revealed a CIE color map with 145% more perceptible colors than the standard RGB space, shedding light on the development of programmable lasers, multiplexed encoding, and biomedical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong X, Feng S, Qiao Z, Chen YC. Imaging-Based Optofluidic Biolaser Array Encapsulated with Dynamic Living Organisms. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5823-5830. [PMID: 33734676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic biolasers have emerged as promising tools for biomedical analysis due to their strong light-matter interactions and miniaturized size. Recent developments in optofluidic lasers have opened a new Frontier in monitoring biological processes. However, most biolasers require precise recording of the lasing spectrum at the single cavity level, which limits its application in high-throughput applications. Herein, a microdroplet laser array encapsulated with living Escherichia coli was printed on highly reflective mirrors, where laser emission images were employed to reflect the dynamic changes in living organisms. The concept of image-based lasing analysis was proposed by quantifying the integrated pixel intensity of the lasing image from whispering-gallery modes. Finally, dynamic interactions between E. coli and antibiotic drugs were compared under fluorescence and laser emission images. The amplification that occurred during laser generation enabled the quantification of tiny biological changes in the gain medium. Laser imaging presented a significant increase in integrated pixel intensity by 2 orders of magnitude. Our findings demonstrate that image-based lasing analysis is more sensitive to dynamic changes than fluorescence analysis, paving the way for high-throughput on-chip laser analysis of living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., 639798, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr., 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi H, He J, Guo H, Liu X, Wang Z, Liu YG. Single-resonator, stable dual-longitudinal-mode optofluidic microcavity laser based on a hollow-core microstructured optical fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:10077-10088. [PMID: 33820142 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A single-resonator, stable dual-longitudinal-mode optofluidic microcavity laser based on a hollow-core microstructured optical fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The resonator and microfluidic channel are integrated in the hollow-core region of the fiber, inside which a hexagonal silica ring is used as the only resonator of the laser. Experimental results show that with mixing a small amount of Rhodamine B into a 1 mM Rhodamine 6G solution to form a dual-dye solution as a gain medium, the laser obtained by the method of lateral pumping can operate at dual longitudinal modes, with a threshold of 90 nJ/mm2. By adjusting the concentration of Rhodamine B, the lasing wavelength of the laser and the power ratio of the two wavelengths can be controlled. And because the laser emission is co-excited by different kinds of dye molecules, the mode competition is diminished, enabling the simultaneously efficient optical gain and therefore lasing at dual longitudinal modes stably with a maximum lasing intensity fluctuation of 3.2% within 30 minutes even if the dual longitudinal modes have the same linear polarization states. This work can open up promising opportunities for diverse applications in biosensing and medical diagnosis with high sensitivity and integrated photonics with compact structure.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi Y, Liang L, Zuo Y, Zhu X, Yang Y, Xin H, Li B. Amplitude Holographic Interference-Based Microfluidic Colorimetry at the Micrometer Scale. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4747-4754. [PMID: 32407119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative molecular analysis is usually based on spectrophotometric methods using colorimetric assay. Conventional methods, however, rely on the direct uniform absorption of the sample under test, and the detection sensitivity is strictly limited by the length of the absorption cell at the millimeter scale. Here, we report a new methodology for colorimetric assay based on the amplitude holographic interference (AHI) caused by nonuniform absorption of light, with detection sensitivity at the micrometer scale. In our method, the curved surface of the microfluidics results in a phase profile with a high diffraction efficiency, and the nonuniform absorption of samples exactly matches with the amplitude modulation in the holographic interference. The signal intensity is affected by not only direct sample absorption but also the sequential optical interference behind the liquid level. Both single- and multiple-wavelength colorimetric analyses of the Griess-Saltzman dye (GSD) were carried out using this method, and we found that the sensitivity can be improved by approximately 2-fold in comparison to the conventional method. This interference-based method would be a useful tool for the colorimetric assay of chemical samples in highly integrated systems with better performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Li Liang
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunfeng Zuo
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- Research Institute of Union Optech (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Physics & Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Luo Y, Liu Y, Gong C, Wang Y, Rao YJ, Peng GD, Gong Y. Mass production of thin-walled hollow optical fibers enables disposable optofluidic laser immunosensors. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:923-930. [PMID: 32022063 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disposable biosensors are of great importance in disease diagnosis due to their inherent merits of no cross-contamination and ease of use. Optofluidic laser (OFL) sensors are a new category of sensitive biosensors; however, it is challenging to cost-effectively mass-produce them to achieve disposability. Here, we report a disposable optofluidic laser immunosensor based on thin-walled hollow optical fibers (HOFs). Using a fiber draw tower, the fabrication parameters, including drawing speed and gas flow rate, are explored, and the HOF geometry is precisely controlled, which allows identical laser microring resonators to be distributed along the fibers. The disposable OFL immunosensor detects the protein concentration in the HOF through a wash-free immunoassay. Enabled by the disposable sensors, the statistical characteristics of 80 tests for each concentration greatly reduces the bioassay uncertainty. A low coefficient of variation (CV) of 3.3% confirms the high reproducibility of the disposable HOF-OFL sensors, and the mean of the normal distribution of the logarithmic OFL intensity serves as the sensing output. A limit of detection of 11 nM within a short assay time of 15 min is achieved. These disposable immunosensors possess the advantages of low cost, high reproducibility, fast assay, and low-volume consumption of sample and reagents. We believe that this work will inspire disposable optofluidics through the mass production of multifunctional microstructured optical fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yanhua Luo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China. and School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Gang-Ding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Ma X, Song Q, Feng H. Facile microfluidic fabrication of monodispersed self-coupling microcavity with fine tunability. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:1418-1424. [PMID: 31797398 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have received extensive attention because of their nonlinear optical application in lasers and sensors. Optical microcavities are excellent candidates for constructing powerful microlasers and label-free biosensors, owing to their low optical losses and small size. However, most of these microcavity syntheses rely on sophisticated fabrication methods and cannot be manipulated easily. To achieve facile and versatile microcavity fabrication, we present a robust microfluidics method for monodispersed self-coupling optical microcavity fabrication with a fine tunability. The microcavity polydispersity was less than 3%. The optical microcavity size could be varied from 10 to 30 µm with a steady quality factor (Q) of approximately 1000. The lowest laser threshold that we obtained was 0.82 µJ with a microcavity size of 20 µm. The doped fluorescent dye concentration can be tuned precisely from 0.001 to 0.05 wt% to explore an optimized fluorescent background. The experimental results and theoretical simulation match well in terms of Q and the electrometric resonance field intensity. Compared with previous precise and practical fabrication methods, we have demonstrated a facile approach for versatile optical microcavity fabrication. This method can vary the microcavity materials, size, doped fluorescent dye concentration, WGM resonance spectrum, Q factor, and laser threshold easily to adapt to various circumstances and specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Integrated Nanoscience Lab, School of Electric and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Integrated Nanoscience Lab, School of Electric and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soares MCP, Gomes MK, Schenkel EA, Rodrigues MDS, Suzuki CK, Torre LGDL, Fujiwara E. EVALUATION OF SILICA NANOPARTICLE COLLOIDAL STABILITY WITH A FIBER OPTIC QUASI-ELASTIC LIGHT SCATTERING SENSOR. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190364s20190042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang C, Xu B, Gong C, Luo J, Zhang Q, Gong Y. Fiber Optofluidic Technology Based on Optical Force and Photothermal Effects. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E499. [PMID: 31357458 PMCID: PMC6722967 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidics is an exciting new area of study resulting from the fusion of microfluidics and photonics. It broadens the application and extends the functionality of microfluidics and has been extensively investigated in biocontrol, molecular diagnosis, material synthesis, and drug delivery. When light interacts with a microfluidic system, optical force and/or photothermal effects may occur due to the strong interaction between light and liquid. Such opto-physical effects can be used for optical manipulation and sensing due to their unique advantages over conventional microfluidics and photonics, including their simple fabrication process, flexible manipulation capability, compact configuration, and low cost. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in fiber optofluidic (FOF) technology based on optical force and photothermal effects in manipulation and sensing applications. Optical force can be used for optofluidic manipulation and sensing in two categories: stable single optical traps and stable combined optical traps. The photothermal effect can be applied to optofluidics based on two major structures: optical microfibers and optical fiber tips. The advantages and disadvantages of each FOF technology are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Zhang
- Science and Technology on Security Communication Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bingjie Xu
- Science and Technology on Security Communication Laboratory, Institute of Southwestern Communication, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jingtang Luo
- State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quanming Zhang
- State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soares MCP, Vit FF, Suzuki CK, de la Torre LG, Fujiwara E. Perfusion Microfermentor Integrated into a Fiber Optic Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering Sensor for Fast Screening of Microbial Growth Parameters. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112493. [PMID: 31159228 PMCID: PMC6603560 DOI: 10.3390/s19112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research presents a microfermentor integrated into an optical fiber sensor based on quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) to monitor and swiftly identify cellular growth kinetic parameters. The system uses a 1310 nm laser light that is guided through single-mode silica optical fibers to the interior of perfusion chambers, which are separated by polycarbonate membranes (470 nm pores) from microchannels, where a culture medium flows in a constant concentration. The system contains four layers, a superior and an inferior layer made of glass, and two intermediate poly(dimethylsiloxane) layers that contain the microchannels and the perfusion chambers, forming a reversible microfluidic device that requires only the sealing of the fibers to the inferior glass cover. The QELS autocorrelation decay rates of the optical signals were correlated to the cells counting in a microscope, and the application of this microsystem to the monitoring of alcoholic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in the kinetic parameters of KM = 4.1 g/L and μm = 0.49 h−1. These results agree with both the data reported in the literature and with the control batch test, showing that it is a reliable and efficient biological monitoring system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco César Prado Soares
- Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-860, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Flores Vit
- Laboratory of Advanced Development of Nano and Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Kenichi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-860, Brazil.
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
- Laboratory of Advanced Development of Nano and Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil.
| | - Eric Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-860, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang X, Shu W, Wang Y, Gong Y, Gong C, Chen Q, Tan X, Peng GD, Fan X, Rao YJ. Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay revisited to enhance its sensitivity via an optofluidic laser. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 131:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang Z, Yao N, Pan J, Zhang L, Fang W, Tong L. A new route for fabricating polymer optical microcavities. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5203-5208. [PMID: 30865203 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By using a self-assembly method, SU-8 whispering gallery mode optical microcavities with an ultra-smooth surface (σ < 0.6 nm) and high-Q factors (∼104) are fabricated. As an application of the microcavities, we demonstrate a polydimethylsiloxane packaged temperature sensor with high sensitivity (120 pm per °C) and long-term stability (over one year). These results illustrate broad application potential in ultrasensitive sensors and microlasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cao Z, Yao B, Qin C, Yang R, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Bi L, Chen Y, Xie Z, Peng G, Huang SW, Wong CW, Rao Y. Biochemical sensing in graphene-enhanced microfiber resonators with individual molecule sensitivity and selectivity. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:107. [PMID: 31798846 PMCID: PMC6874577 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photonic sensors that are able to detect and track biochemical molecules offer powerful tools for information acquisition in applications ranging from environmental analysis to medical diagnosis. The ultimate aim of biochemical sensing is to achieve both quantitative sensitivity and selectivity. As atomically thick films with remarkable optoelectronic tunability, graphene and its derived materials have shown unique potential as a chemically tunable platform for sensing, thus enabling significant performance enhancement, versatile functionalization and flexible device integration. Here, we demonstrate a partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO) inner-coated and fiber-calibrated Fabry-Perot dye resonator for biochemical detection. Versatile functionalization in the prGO film enables the intracavity fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) to be chemically selective in the visible band. Moreover, by measuring the intermode interference via noise canceled beat notes and locked-in heterodyne detection with Hz-level precision, we achieved individual molecule sensitivity for dopamine, nicotine and single-strand DNA detection. This work combines atomic-layer nanoscience and high-resolution optoelectronics, providing a way toward high-performance biochemical sensors and systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Chenye Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Run Yang
- State Key Lab of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Lei Bi
- State Key Lab of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yuanfu Chen
- State Key Lab of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Gangding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Chee Wei Wong
- Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yunjiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- Ubiquitous Sensing Center, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo B, Lu H, Shi S, Lu J, Zhao M, Wu S, Li L, Wang X, Wang Y. Immunosensing platform with large detection range using an excessively tilted fiber grating coated with graphene oxide. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:8805-8810. [PMID: 30461859 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.008805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report an immunosensing platform with a large detection range using an excessively tilted fiber grating (ExTFG) coated with graphene oxide (GO). ExTFG was inscribed in standard single-mode fiber; GO film was coated on the fiber surface through hydrogen bond. The effectiveness and uniformity of GO deposited on the ExTFG surface were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used as biometric units to link the GO film through a covalent bond for the specific detection of BSA, so as to evaluate the performances of the proposed biosensor. The whole dynamic immobilization process of BSA MAbs and BSA detection were observed by the spectral evolution of the sensor. Experimental results show that the fabricated GO-coated ExTFG biosensor has a large detection range from 1.5 nM-75 nM and fast response for BSA antigen; the limit of detection is ∼0.88 nM by using an optical spectrum analyzer with a resolution of 0.03 nm, and the dissociation constant KD and the affinity constant KA are calculated to be ∼6.66×10-9 M and ∼1.5×108 M-1, respectively. The proposed GO-coated ExTFG immunosensing platform could lay a foundation for the specific detection of other biomolecules.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi Y, Liu HL, Zhu XQ, Zhu JM, Zuo YF, Yang Y, Jiang FH, Sun CJ, Zhao WH, Han XT. Optofluidic differential colorimetry for rapid nitrite determination. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2994-3002. [PMID: 30128458 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite detection plays a very important role in environmental monitoring and for industrial purposes. The commonly used colorimetric analysis requires the measurement of a system's calibration curve by asynchronously preparing and detecting a dozen standard samples, leading to time-consuming, slow and cumbersome procedures. Here, we present a differential colorimetry method that determines the nitrite level based on the paired chromaticity gradient, formed by coupling the colour reaction into the microfluidic network. The two gradients reshape each other and contain enough information for the quantitative analysis of the sample being tested, without the need for a calibration curve. The independence of the two gradients of the absorbance change caused by the detecting system and water quality results in a high stability and anti-interference performance, with the assistance of its self-correcting ability. This differential colorimetry method requires little time and energy consumption as only one sample is needed. Standard nitrite solutions of 0.50 mM and 0.33 mM have been determined with an error of 1.16% and 0.50%, respectively. These measurements are advantageous in terms of greater stability by up to 10 times and accuracy by 6 times, compared with the calibration curve approaches. It is foreseeable that this differential colorimetry method will find a wide range of applications in the field of chemical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gong C, Gong Y, Zhao X, Luo Y, Chen Q, Tan X, Wu Y, Fan X, Peng GD, Rao YJ. Distributed fibre optofluidic laser for chip-scale arrayed biochemical sensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2741-2748. [PMID: 30094434 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic lasers (OFLs) are an emerging technological platform for biochemical sensing, and their good performance especially high sensitivity has been demonstrated. However, high-throughput detection with an OFL remains a major challenge due to the lack of reproducible optical microcavities. Here, we introduce the concept of a distributed fibre optofluidic laser (DFOFL) and demonstrate its potential for high-throughput sensing applications. Due to the precise fibre geometry control via fibre drawing, a series of identical optical microcavities uniformly distributed along a hollow optical fibre (HOF) can be achieved to obtain a one-dimensional (1D) DFOFL. An enzymatic reaction catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be monitored over time, and the HRP concentration is detected by DFOFL-based arrayed colorimetric detection. Experimentally, five-channel detection in parallel with imaging has been demonstrated. Theoretically, spatial multiplexing of hundreds of channels is achievable with DFOFL-based detection. The DFOFL wavelength is tuned over hundreds of nanometers by optimizing the dye concentration or reconfiguring the liquid gain materials. Extending this concept to a two-dimensional (2D) chip through wavelength multiplexing can further enhance its multi-functionality, including multi-sample detection and spectral analysis. This work opens the door to high-throughput biochemical sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|