1
|
Liu H, Wang YP, Wang H, Ren K, Liu L, Dang L, Wang CQ, Feng C. Photocatalytic Multisite Functionalization of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes by Merging Polar Cycloaddition and Radical Ring-Opening Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407928. [PMID: 39022842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Although highly appealing for rapid access of molecular complexity, multi-functionalization of alkenes that allows incorporation of more than two functional groups remains a prominent challenge. Herein, we report a novel strategy that merges dipolar cycloaddition with photoredox promoted radical ring-opening remote C(sp3)-H functionalization, thus enabling a smooth 1,2,5-trifunctionalization of unactivated alkenes. A highly regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition anchors a reaction trigger onto alkene substrates. The subsequent halogen atom transfer (XAT) selectively initiates ring-opening process, which is followed by a series of 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT) and intermolecular fluorine atom transfer (FAT) events. With this method, site-selective introduction of three different functional groups is accomplished and a broad spectrum of valuable β-hydroxyl-ϵ-fluoro-nitrile products are synthesized from readily available terminal alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Luzhen Dang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Zhao D, Huang JB, Shi G, Hao EJ, Ni S, Sun K. Photo-Induced Difluoromethylation-Cyclization and Domino Amination-Defluorination to 4-(Aminomethyl)-3-fluoro-quinolinones. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39348475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible light-induced difluoromethylation cyclization and subsequent amination-defluorination reaction. This protocol allows efficient to valuable 3-fluoro-quinolinones in moderate to excellent yields. A sequential difluoromethylation-cyclization-amination-defluorination mechanism was proposed based on a mechanism study. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the base K2HPO4 could lower the energy due to the C═O···K+ electrostatic interaction to assist the elimination process, while the six-membered transition state located in situ was essential for the cleavage of N-H and C-F bonds during this SN2'-type process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bo Huang
- College Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Gangqing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Er-Jun Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- College Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vincent É, Brioche J. Silver-Catalyzed Carbofluorination of Olefins and α-Fluoroolefins with Carbamoyl Radicals. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401419. [PMID: 38712694 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of carbamoyl radicals, generated in situ from sodium oxamate salts, has been investigated in the context of radical carbofluorination reactions of olefins and α-fluoroolefins, respectively. Both transformations are catalyzed by silver salts and required the presence of potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and SelectfluorTM as a radicophilic fluorine source. The reported methods provide a direct access to β-fluoroamides and β,β-difluoroamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Vincent
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Julien Brioche
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodgers LVH, Nguyen ST, Cox JH, Zervas K, Yuan Z, Sangtawesin S, Stacey A, Jaye C, Weiland C, Pershin A, Gali A, Thomsen L, Meynell SA, Hughes LB, Jayich ACB, Gui X, Cava RJ, Knowles RR, de Leon NP. Diamond surface functionalization via visible light-driven C-H activation for nanoscale quantum sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316032121. [PMID: 38451945 PMCID: PMC10945787 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316032121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a promising platform for nanoscale NMR sensing. Despite significant progress toward using NV centers to detect and localize nuclear spins down to the single spin level, NV-based spectroscopy of individual, intact, arbitrary target molecules remains elusive. Such sensing requires that target molecules are immobilized within nanometers of NV centers with long spin coherence. The inert nature of diamond typically requires harsh functionalization techniques such as thermal annealing or plasma processing, limiting the scope of functional groups that can be attached to the surface. Solution-phase chemical methods can be readily generalized to install diverse functional groups, but they have not been widely explored for single-crystal diamond surfaces. Moreover, realizing shallow NV centers with long spin coherence times requires highly ordered single-crystal surfaces, and solution-phase functionalization has not yet been shown with such demanding conditions. In this work, we report a versatile strategy to directly functionalize C-H bonds on single-crystal diamond surfaces under ambient conditions using visible light, forming C-F, C-Cl, C-S, and C-N bonds at the surface. This method is compatible with NV centers within 10 nm of the surface with spin coherence times comparable to the state of the art. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we use shallow ensembles of NV centers to detect nuclear spins from surface-bound functional groups. Our approach to surface functionalization opens the door to deploying NV centers as a tool for chemical sensing and single-molecule spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lila V. H. Rodgers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Kalliope Zervas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Zhiyang Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Sorawis Sangtawesin
- School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima30000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Functional Materials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima30000, Thailand
| | - Alastair Stacey
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3010, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Cherno Jaye
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD20899
| | - Conan Weiland
- Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD20899
| | - Anton Pershin
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
- MTA-WFK Lendület “Momentum” Semiconductor Nanostructures Research Group, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
| | - Adam Gali
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
- MTA-WFK Lendület “Momentum” Semiconductor Nanostructures Research Group, BudapestH-1525, Hungary
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, BudapestH-1111, Hungary
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Clayton, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Simon A. Meynell
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Lillian B. Hughes
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | | | - Xin Gui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Robert J. Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | | | - Nathalie P. de Leon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen CL, Wang HY, Weng ZZ, Long LS, Zheng LS, Kong XJ. Uranyl Polyoxotungstate Cluster for Visible-Light-Driven Heterogeneous C-H Selective Fluorination. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17041-17045. [PMID: 37819767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The selective fluorination of C-H bonds at room temperature using heterogeneous visible-light catalysts is both interesting and challenging. Herein, we present the heterogeneous sandwich-type structure uranyl-polyoxotungstate cluster Na17{Na@[(SbW9O33)2(UO2)6(PO3OH)6]}·46H2O (denoted as U6P6) to regulate the selective fluorination of the C-H bond under visible light and room temperature. This is the first report in which uranyl participates in the fluorination reaction in the form of an insoluble substance. U6P6 is capable of the effective selective fluorination of cycloalkanes and the recyclability of the photocatalyst due to the synergistic effect of multiple uranyl (UO2)2+ and the insolubility of organic reagents of polyoxotungstate. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy captured the generation of cycloalkane radicals during the photoreaction, confirming the mechanism of direct hydrogen atom transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Long Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Zhen-Zhang Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Zhang X, Xue L, Wang Q, You F, Dai L, Wu J, Kramer S, Lian Z. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides by Using Ball Milling and a Piezoelectric Material as the Redox Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307054. [PMID: 37523257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Aryl fluorides are important structural motifs in many pharmaceuticals. Although the Balz-Schiemann reaction provides an entry to aryl fluorides from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, it suffers from drawbacks such as long reaction time, high temperature, toxic solvent, toxic gas release, and low functional group tolerance. Here, we describe a general method for the synthesis of aryl fluorides from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates using a piezoelectric material as redox catalyst under ball milling conditions in the presence of Selectfluor. This approach effectively addresses the aforementioned limitations. Furthermore, the piezoelectric material can be recycled multiple times. Mechanistic investigations indicate that this fluorination reaction may proceed via a radical pathway, and Selectfluor plays a dual role as both a source of fluorine and a terminal reductant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fengzhi You
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiagang Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Søren Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koike T. Fluoroalkyl Sulfoximines for Versatile Photocatalytic Radical Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300032. [PMID: 36942940 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkyl sulfoximines, which serve as electron-accepting fluoroalkyl radical sources, are easy-to-handle, solid, and bench-stable chemicals. Fluoroalkyl radicals can be generated from sulfoximine reagents using strong one-electron injectors, such as a highly reducing photoredox catalyst in the excited state. Our group has developed photocatalytic radical di- and mono-fluoromethylation and α-monofluoroalkylation of olefins with the corresponding fluoroalkyl sulfoximines. In this personal account, appropriate combinations of fluoroalkyl sulfoximines and photoredox catalysts, leading to successful radical fluoroalkylation, have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koike
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Engineering Nippon Institute of Technology E24-315, 4-1 Gakuendai, Miyashiro-Machi, Minamisaitama-gun, Saitama, 345-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu D, Xi C, Xu J. Demethyl oxidative halogenation of diacyl dimethylsulfonium methylides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3991-3996. [PMID: 37114954 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Halo-α-methylthio-β-ketosulfones containing a quaternary halocarbon stereocenter were prepared via selective demethyl oxidative halogenations of diacyl dimethylsulfonium methylides in moderate to excellent yields (39 examples; up to 98%). The current protocols directly and efficiently introduce a halogen atom into organic compounds with high functional group tolerance under metal-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changmeng Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramkumar N, Baumane L, Zacs D, Veliks J. Merging Copper(I) Photoredox Catalysis and Iodine(III) Chemistry for the Oxy-monofluoromethylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219027. [PMID: 36692216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple process for the oxy-monofluoromethylation of alkenes is described. In combination with visible-light copper(I) photoredox catalysis, an easily accessible iodine(III) reagent containing monofluoroacetoxy ligands serves as a powerful source of a monofluoromethyl (CH2 F) radical, enabling the step economical synthesis of γ-fluoro-acetates from a broad range of olefinic substrates under mild conditions. Applications to late-stage diversification of alkenes derived from complex molecules, amino acids and the synthesis of fluoromethylated heterocycles are also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Ramkumar
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Larisa Baumane
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shinde GH, Sundén H. Boron-Mediated Regioselective Aromatic C-H Functionalization via an Aryl BF 2 Complex. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203505. [PMID: 36383388 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient regioselective functionalization of 2-aryl-heteroarenes and aryl aldehydes via an azaaryl BF2 complex has been developed. Mechanistically the reaction comprises fluoride to bromide ligand exchange on an aryl boron species and consecutive C-B bond cleavage to deliver a broad range of functionalized products. The reaction is high yielding, has a broad substrate scope where several different heteroarenes can be functionalized with chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxyl, amine and BF2 in a highly regioselective fashion. The method can be applied for late-stage functionalization or for rapid skeleton remodeling with for instance cross-couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh H Shinde
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Liu W. Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides and Fluorinated Unnatural Amino Acids via Photochemical Decarboxylation of α-Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:483-487. [PMID: 36652608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging α-fluoroalkyl or fluorobenzyl radicals to introduce fluorinated motifs allows for the rapid preparation of fluorine-containing building blocks. Herein, we report the generation of α-fluoroalkyl or fluorobenzyl radicals from readily available α-fluorocarboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions and their utilization in the Giese-type addition on Michael acceptors and dehydroamino acids, resulting in the preparation of mono- and difluorinated Michael addition adducts and unnatural fluorinated amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lombardi L, Cerveri A, Giovanelli R, Castiñeira Reis M, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Synthesis of α-Aryl-α-Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Nickel Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211732. [PMID: 36161744 PMCID: PMC9828748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling between the redox-active N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl C-centered radical for the Csp2 -Csp3 bond forming process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tagami K, Ofuji Y, Kanbara T, Yajima T. Metal-free visible-light-induced hydroxy-perfluoroalkylation of conjugated olefins using enamine catalyst. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32790-32795. [PMID: 36425182 PMCID: PMC9667149 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06679c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a simple and sustainable method for the hydroxy-perfluoroalkylation of electron-deficient conjugated olefins and styrenes. In this protcol, in situ generated enamine forms electron-donor-accepter (EDA) complexes with perfluoroalkyl iodide, and reaction proceed with visible-light irradiation. Tertiary amine also interacts with perfluoroalkyl iodide via halogen-bonding, promoting the perfluoroalkyl radical generation. This reaction does not require any transition-metal or photoredox catalyst, and gaseous oxygen is used as the green hydroxy source. Moreover, various commercially available substrates and perfluoroalkyl iodides were tolerated, affording the desired hydroxy-perfluoroalkylated products in good to moderate yields (>50 examples, up to 90%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koto Tagami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8610 Japan
| | - Yu Ofuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8610 Japan
| | - Tadashi Kanbara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8610 Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8610 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang W, Sun M, You K, Pang Y, Ma B. Metal-free aminofluorination of α-diazo 2 H-benzopyran-4-one: convenient access to β-fluoramides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7027-7030. [PMID: 36017814 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a convenient synthesis of a series of β-fluoramides in 65% yield. The process involved a tandem fluorination/Ritter reaction to synthesize β-fluoramides using α-diazo 2H-benzopyran-4-one compounds. Selectfluor was used as the electrophilic fluoride source in acetonitrile to build the β-fluorinated quaternary carbon center and amide derivatives of 2H-benzopyran-4-one in one step. The products N-(2-(2-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzofuran-2-yl)propan-2-yl)acetamides were a series of bifunctional compounds with a 2-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-oxobenzofuran motif and amide groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Minghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Kejia You
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yunfei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Baochun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Madani A, Anghileri L, Heydenreich M, Möller HM, Pieber B. Benzylic Fluorination Induced by a Charge-Transfer Complex with a Solvent-Dependent Selectivity Switch. Org Lett 2022; 24:5376-5380. [PMID: 35848228 PMCID: PMC9344467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We present a divergent strategy for the fluorination
of phenylacetic
acid derivatives that is induced by a charge-transfer complex between
Selectfluor and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. A comprehensive investigation
of the conditions revealed a critical role of the solvent on the reaction
outcome. In the presence of water, decarboxylative fluorination through
a single-electron oxidation is dominant. Non-aqueous conditions result
in the clean formation of α-fluoro-α-arylcarboxylic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amiera Madani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Anghileri
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institute of Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heiko M Möller
- Institute of Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ivanov R, Zharkov M, Zlotin SG. UV‐induced C‐H functionalization of alkanes with NO2 in supercritical carbon dioxide medium. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ivanov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Nazarov laboratory of fine organic synthesis RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Mikhail Zharkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Nazarov laboratory of fine organic synthesis RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sergei G. Zlotin
- N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Laboratory of fine organic synthesis Leninsky prosp.House 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pal S, Chandra G, Patel S, Singh S. Fluorinated Nucleosides: Synthesis, Modulation in Conformation and Therapeutic Application. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100335. [PMID: 35253973 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, fluorination on nucleoside has established itself as the most promising tool to use to get biologically active compounds that could sustain the clinical trial by affecting the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to fluorine's inherent unique properties and its judicious introduction into the molecule, makes the corresponding nucleoside metabolically very stable, lipophilic, and opens a new site of intermolecular binding. Fluorination on various nucleosides has been extensively studied as a result, a series of fluorinated nucleosides come up for different therapeutic uses which are either approved by the FDA or under the advanced stage of the clinical trial. Here in this review, we are summarizing the latest development in the chemistry of fluorination on nucleoside that led to varieties of new analogs like carbocyclic, acyclic, and conformationally biased nucleoside and their biological properties, the influence of fluorine on conformation, oligonucleotide stability, and their use in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pal
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar Argul, Odisha, India, 752050
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar, India, 824236
| | - Samridhi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar, India, 824236
| | - Sakshi Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar Argul, Odisha, India, 752050
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tetramethylammonium Fluoride: Fundamental Properties and Applications in C-F Bond-Forming Reactions and as a Base. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophilic ionic sources of fluoride are essential reagents in the synthetic toolbox to access high added-value fluorinated building blocks unattainable by other means. In this review, we provide a concise description and rationale of the outstanding features of one of these reagents, tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), as well as disclosing the different methods for its preparation, and how its physicochemical properties and solvation effects in different solvents are intimately associated with its reactivity. Furthermore, herein we also comprehensively describe its historic and recent utilization, up to December 2021, in C-F bond-forming reactions with special emphasis on nucleophilic aromatic substitution fluorinations with a potential sustainable application in industrial settings, as well as its use as a base capable of rendering unprecedented transformations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsumoto A, Yamamoto M, Maruoka K. Cationic DABCO-Based Catalyst for Site-Selective C–H Alkylation via Photoinduced Hydrogen-Atom Transfer. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Candish L, Collins KD, Cook GC, Douglas JJ, Gómez-Suárez A, Jolit A, Keess S. Photocatalysis in the Life Science Industry. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2907-2980. [PMID: 34558888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, chemists in the life science industry require access to mild and robust synthetic methodologies to systematically modify chemical structures, explore novel chemical space, and enable efficient synthesis. In this context, photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful technology for the synthesis of complex and often highly functionalized molecules. This Review aims to summarize the published contributions to the field from the life science industry, including research from industrial-academic partnerships. An overview of the synthetic methodologies developed and strategic applications in chemical synthesis, including peptide functionalization, isotope labeling, and both DNA-encoded and traditional library synthesis, is provided, along with a summary of the state-of-the-art in photoreactor technology and the effective upscaling of photocatalytic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Candish
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karl D Collins
- Bayer Foundation, Public Affairs, Science and Sustainability, Bayer AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Gemma C Cook
- Discovery High-Throughput Chemistry, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James J Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qian H, Chen J, Zhang B, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Visible-Light-Driven Photoredox-Catalyzed Three-Component Radical Cyanoalkylfluorination of Alkenes with Oxime Esters and a Fluoride Ion. Org Lett 2021; 23:6987-6992. [PMID: 34432474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, photoredox-catalyzed three-component cyanoalkylfluorination of alkenes under mild and redox-neutral conditions is reported. This protocol features use of readily available alkenes, oxime esters, and cost-effective nucleophilic fluoride reagents, giving diverse cyanoalkylfluorinated products with generally good yields. Excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions also render this protocol suitable for cyanoalkylfluorination of pharmaceutically relevant molecule-derived alkene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qian
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Feng SX, Yang S, Tu FH, Lin PP, Huang LL, Wang H, Huang ZS, Li Q. Iodine(III)-Mediated Fluorination/Semipinacol Rearrangement Cascade of 2-Alkylidenecyclobutanol Derivatives: Access to β-Monofluorinated Cyclopropanecarbaldehydes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6800-6812. [PMID: 33899472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated ring-contractive fluorination reaction of 2-alkylidenecyclobutanol derivatives is presented. The protocol allows the facile synthesis of β-monofluorinated cyclopropanecarbaldehydes via a fluorination/semipinacol rearrangement cascade using nucleophilic Py·HF as the fluorine source. For challenging electron-rich arene substrates, the installation of a protecting group on the free alcohol is pivotal for maintaining the reaction efficiency. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by the scalability of this reaction and further transformations of the products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xin Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Hai Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Long-Ling Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vincent É, Brioche J. Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides by Silver‐Catalyzed Radical Decarboxylative Fluorination of Cesium Oxalates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Vincent
- INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) Normandie University 76000 Rouen France
| | - Julien Brioche
- INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) Normandie University 76000 Rouen France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mizuta S, Kitamura K, Kitagawa A, Yamaguchi T, Ishikawa T. Silver-Promoted Fluorination Reactions of α-Bromoamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:5930-5935. [PMID: 33274783 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver-promoted C-F bond formation in α-bromoamides by using AgF under mild conditions is reported. This simple method enables access to tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl fluorides involving biomolecular scaffolds. This transformation is applicable to primary and secondary amides and shows broad functional-group tolerance. Kinetics experiments revealed that the reaction rate increased in the order of 3°>2°>1° α-carbon atom. In addition, it was found that the acidic amide proton plays an important role in accelerating the reaction. Mechanistic studies suggested generation of an aziridinone intermediate that undergoes subsequent nucleophilic addition to form the C-F bond with stereospecificity (i.e., retention of configuration). The synthesis of sterically hindered alcohols and ethers by using AgI is also demonstrated. Examples of reactions of α-bromoamides with O nucleophiles are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kanami Kitamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ayako Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zheng Y, Xie ZZ, He XC, Chen YS, Cheng WS, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Phosphonium Ylide-Mediated Programmable Fluorination to Access Mono- and Difluoromethylarenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2538-2542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Shan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Shuo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rozatian N, Hodgson DRW. Reactivities of electrophilic N-F fluorinating reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:683-712. [PMID: 33367354 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic fluorination represents one of the most direct and useful methods available for the selective introduction of fluorine into organic compounds. Electrophilic fluorinating reagents of the N-F class have revolutionised the incorporation of fluorine atoms into both pharmaceutically- and agrochemically-important substrates. Since the earliest N-F reagents were commercialised in the 1990s, their reactivities have been investigated using qualitative and, more recently, quantitative methods. This review discusses the different experimental approaches employed to determine reactivities of N-F reagents, focussing on the kinetics studies reported in recent years. We make critical evaluations of the experimental approaches against each other, theoretical approaches, and their applicability towards practical problems. The opportunities for achieving more efficient synthetic electrophilic fluorination processes through kinetic understanding are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neshat Rozatian
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - David R W Hodgson
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Lei J, Liu Y, Ye Y, Li J, Sun K. Fluorination and fluoroalkylation of alkenes/alkynes to construct fluoro-containing heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01629b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarize the established strategies through fluorination and fluoroalkylation of alkenes/alkynes for constructing fluoro-containing heterocycles. Reaction scopes, mechanisms and some shortcomings are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- YanTai University
- Yantai
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Lei
- School of Pharmacy
- Harbin University of Commerce
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Harbin University of Commerce
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Ye
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- YanTai University
- Yantai
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- YanTai University
- Yantai
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiao Y, Chun YK, Cheng SC, Ng CO, Tse MK, Lei NY, Liu R, Ko CC. Photocatalytic amidation and esterification with perfluoroalkyl iodide. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effect of excited-state properties and mechanistic study on visible-light induced photocatalytic amidation and esterification with perfluoroalkyl halides under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Yuen-Kiu Chun
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chi-On Ng
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Ngai-Yu Lei
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nakada A, Koike T, Matsumoto T, Chang HC. Excited-state hydrogen detachment from a tris-(o-phenylenediamine) iron(ii) complex in THF at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15414-15417. [PMID: 33284915 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a tris-(o-phenylenediamine) iron(ii) complex promotes photochemical H2 generation and C-H carboxylation of o-phenylenediamine without any additives under N2 and CO2 atmospheres, respectively, in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. Herein, the key mechanistic process, namely, excited-state hydrogen detachment from the o-phenylendiamine moiety, is demonstrated under an N2 atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Talukdar R. Tracking down the brominated single electron oxidants in recent organic red-ox transformations: photolysis and photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8294-8345. [PMID: 33020775 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of organic and inorganic brominated compounds including molecular bromine have been extensively used as oxidants in many organic photo-redox transformations in recent years, an area of ever growing interest because of greener and milder approaches. The oxidation power of these compounds is utilized through both mechanistic pathways (by hydrogen atom transfer or HAT in the absence of a photocatalyst and a combination of single electron transfer or SET and/or HAT in the presence of a photocatalyst). Not only as terminal oxidants for regeneration of photocatalysts, but brominated reactants have also contributed to the oxidation of the reaction intermediate(s) to carry on the radical chain process in several reactions. Here in this review mainly the non-brominative oxidative product formations are discussed, carried out since the last two decades, skipping the instances where they acted as terminal oxidants only to regenerate photocatalysts. The reactions are used to generate natural products, pharmaceuticals and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yakubov S, Barham JP. Photosensitized direct C-H fluorination and trifluoromethylation in organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2151-2192. [PMID: 32952732 PMCID: PMC7476599 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fluorinated products in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry has necessitated the development of synthetic fluorination methods, of which direct C-H fluorination is among the most powerful. Despite the challenges and limitations associated with the direct fluorination of unactivated C-H bonds, appreciable advancements in manipulating the selectivity and reactivity have been made, especially via transition metal catalysis and photochemistry. Where transition metal catalysis provides one strategy for C-H bond activation, transition-metal-free photochemical C-H fluorination can provide a complementary selectivity via a radical mechanism that proceeds under milder conditions than thermal radical activation methods. One exciting development in C-F bond formation is the use of small-molecule photosensitizers, allowing the reactions i) to proceed under mild conditions, ii) to be user-friendly, iii) to be cost-effective and iv) to be more amenable to scalability than typical photoredox-catalyzed methods. In this review, we highlight photosensitized C-H fluorination as a recent strategy for the direct and remote activation of C-H (especially C(sp3)-H) bonds. To guide the readers, we present the developing mechanistic understandings of these reactions and exemplify concepts to assist the future planning of reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
In spite of only a few naturally occurring products having one or more fluorine atoms, organofluorine compounds have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and functional material science fields due to the characteristic properties of the fluorine atom. Therefore, the development of new methods for the introduction of fluorine-containing functional groups has been a long-standing research topic. This article discusses our contributions to this area. The first topic is on the trifluoromethylations of C-C multiple bonds using Togni reagent based on our working hypothesis that hypervalent iodine could be activated by coordination of the carbonyl moiety to the Lewis acid catalyst. The second topic relates to asymmetric fluorofunctionalization of alkenes. A newly designed phase-transfer catalyst consisting of a carboxylate anion functioning as a phase-transfer agent and a primary hydroxyl group as a site that captures the anionic substrate was revealed to be an effective catalyst for asymmetric fluorolactonization. Inspired by the mechanistic studies of fluorolactonization, we produced a linked binaphthyl dicarboxylate catalyst, which catalyzes the 6-endo-fluorocyclization and the deprotonative fluorination of allylic amides in a highly enantioselective manner. The third topic is on C-H fluorofunctionalizations using either catalysis or photoactivation. Benzylic trifluoromethylation, which is still a rare reaction, using Togni reagent and aromatic C-H trifluoromethylation using Umemoto reagent under simple photoirradiation conditions were achieved. In addition, the Csp3-H fluorination of alkyl phthalimide derivatives is demonstrated.
Collapse
|
34
|
Aguilar Troyano FJ, Merkens K, Gómez‐Suárez A. Selectfluor® Radical Dication (TEDA
2+.
) – A Versatile Species in Modern Synthetic Organic Chemistry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay Merkens
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Adrián Gómez‐Suárez
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Diem Ferreira Xavier MC, Andia Sandagorda EM, Santos Neto JS, Schumacher RF, Silva MS. Synthesis of 3-selanylbenzo[ b]furans promoted by SelectFluor®. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13975-13983. [PMID: 35498450 PMCID: PMC9051628 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and practical protocol for the synthesis of 3-selanyl-benzo[b]furans mediated by the SelectFluor® reagent was developed. This novel methodology provided a greener alternative to generate 3-substituted-benzo[b]furans via a metal-free procedure under mild conditions. The intramolecular cyclization reaction was carried out employing an electrophilic selenium species generated in situ through the reaction between SelectFluor® and organic diselenides. The formation of this electrophilic selenium species (RSe-F) was confirmed by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, and its reactivity was explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Carpe Diem Ferreira Xavier
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Capão do Leão RS Brazil
| | - Eduardo Martarelo Andia Sandagorda
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Capão do Leão RS Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Frederico Schumacher
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Capão do Leão RS Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Márcio Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Capão do Leão RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhong T, Pang MK, Chen ZD, Zhang B, Weng J, Lu G. Copper-free Sandmeyer-type Reaction for the Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides. Org Lett 2020; 22:3072-3078. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ke Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Da Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Koike T. Frontiers in Radical Fluoromethylation by Visible‐Light Organic Photocatalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koike
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology R1-27, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aguilar Troyano FJ, Ballaschk F, Jaschinski M, Özkaya Y, Gómez‐Suárez A. Light-Mediated Formal Radical Deoxyfluorination of Tertiary Alcohols through Selective Single-Electron Oxidation with TEDA 2+.. Chemistry 2019; 25:14054-14058. [PMID: 31452265 PMCID: PMC6899844 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of tertiary alkyl fluorides through a formal radical deoxyfluorination process is described herein. This light-mediated, catalyst-free methodology is fast and broadly applicable allowing for the preparation of C-F bonds from (hetero)benzylic, propargylic, and non-activated tertiary alcohol derivatives. Preliminary mechanistic studies support that the key step of the reaction is the single-electron oxidation of cesium oxalates-which are readily available from the corresponding tertiary alcohols-with in situ generated TEDA2+. (TEDA: N-(chloromethyl)triethylenediamine), a radical cation derived from Selectfluor®.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederic Ballaschk
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Marcel Jaschinski
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Yasemin Özkaya
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Adrián Gómez‐Suárez
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tang L, Yang Z, Jiao J, Cui Y, Zou G, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Rao W, Ma X. Chemoselective Mono- and Difluorination of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10449-10458. [PMID: 31335142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By altering the amount of Selectfluor, the highly selective mono- and difluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been achieved, affording a variety of 2-fluoro- and 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields. The reaction can be readily performed in aqueous media without any catalyst and base, which features practical and convenient fluorination. Importantly, a gram-scale reaction, transformation of 2-fluoro-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione to 4-fluoro-1,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrazole, and chlorination and bromination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are realized to further exhibit its synthetic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the Sourth of Henan , Xinyang 464000 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Phae-nok S, Pohmakotr M, Kuhakarn C, Reutrakul V, Soorukram D. Site-Specific Synthesis of β-Fluorinated γ-Butyrolactams via Decarboxylative Fluorination of β-Carboxyl-γ-Butyrolactams. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Supasorn Phae-nok
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Manat Pohmakotr
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Takahira Y, Chen M, Kawamata Y, Mykhailiuk P, Nakamura H, Peters BK, Reisberg SH, Li C, Chen L, Hoshikawa T, Shibuguchi T, Baran PS. Electrochemical C(sp 3)-H Fluorination. Synlett 2019; 30:1178-1182. [PMID: 33767531 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple and robust method for electrochemical alkyl C-H fluorination is presented. Using a simple nitrate additive, a widely available fluorine source (Selectfluor), and carbon-based electrodes, a wide variety of activated and unactivated C-H bonds were converted to their C-F congeners. The scalability of the reaction was also demonstrated with a 100 gram preparation of fluorovaline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahira
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Pavel Mykhailiuk
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv (Ukraine) and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Chemistry Department; Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv (Ukraine)
| | - Hugh Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Byron K Peters
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Solomon H Reisberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Longrui Chen
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin), Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tamaki Hoshikawa
- Discovery. Medicine Creation. Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd. 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibuguchi
- Discovery. Medicine Creation. Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd. 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pirzer AS, Alvarez E, Friedrich H, Heinrich MR. Radical Carbofluorination of Alkenes with Arylhydrazines and Selectfluor: Additives, Mechanistic Pathways, and Polar Effects. Chemistry 2019; 25:2786-2792. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Pirzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Eva‐Maria Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Heike Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Senkai Han
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wu
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ran Duan
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brioche J. One-pot synthesis of tertiary alkyl fluorides from methyl oxalates by radical deoxyfluorination under photoredox catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Meyer D, Jangra H, Walther F, Zipse H, Renaud P. A third generation of radical fluorinating agents based on N-fluoro-N-arylsulfonamides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4888. [PMID: 30459353 PMCID: PMC6244228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical fluorination has been known for a long time, but synthetic applications were severely limited by the hazardous nature of the first generation of reagents such as F2 and the strongly electrophilic nature of the second generation of reagents such as N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) and Selecfluor®. Here, we report the preparation, use and properties of N-fluoro-N-arylsulfonamides (NFASs), a class of fluorinating reagents suitable for radical fluorination under mild conditions. Their N–F bond dissociation energies (BDE) are 30–45 kJ mol−1 lower than the N–F BDE of the reagents of the second generation. This favors clean radical fluorination processes over undesired side reactions. The utility of NFASs is demonstrated by a metal-free radical hydrofluorination of alkenes including an efficient remote C–H fluorination via a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer. NFASs have the potential to become the reagents of choice in many radical fluorination processes. Common radical fluorination reagents, such as Selectofluor®, are penalized by the need for metal catalysts and possible oxidation side reactions. Here, the authors reported the synthesis and application of N-fluoro-N-arylsulfonamides (NFASs) as third generation of radical fluorinating reagents to overcome those limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department of Chemistry, LMU München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Fabian Walther
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, LMU München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany.
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jud W, Kappe CO, Cantillo D. Catalyst-Free Oxytrifluoromethylation of Alkenes through Paired Electrolysis in Organic-Aqueous Media. Chemistry 2018; 24:17234-17238. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jud
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW); Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tarantino G, Hammond C. Catalytic Formation of C(sp3)–F Bonds via Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tarantino
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ceri Hammond
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fan X, Wang Q, Wei Y, Shi M. Catalyst-free geminal aminofluorination of ortho-sulfonamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes via a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10503-10506. [PMID: 30160273 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free intramolecular geminal aminofluorination of ortho-sulfonamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes has been developed. The reaction proceeded through two SET processes with Selectfluor to give a fluorinated cyclopropylcarbinyl cation and a further Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement to generate a cyclobutyl carbocation, which undergoes intramolecular nucleophilic capture by amide to forge fluorinated cyclobuta[b]indoline derivatives. A polycyclic multi-fluorinated byproduct was also formed through a Ritter-type reaction in some cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|