1
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Kang NW, Jang K, Song E, Han U, Seo YA, Chen F, Wungcharoen T, Heilshorn SC, Myung D. In Situ-Forming, Bioorthogonally Cross-linked, Nanocluster-Reinforced Hydrogel for the Regeneration of Corneal Defects. ACS NANO 2024; 18:21925-21938. [PMID: 39106436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Corneal defects can lead to stromal scarring and vision loss, which is currently only treatable with a cadaveric corneal transplant. Although in situ-forming hydrogels have been shown to foster regeneration of the cornea in the setting of stromal defects, the cross-linking, biomechanical, and compositional parameters that optimize healing have not yet been established. This, Corneal defects are also almost universally inflamed, and their rapid closure without fibrosis are critical to preserving vision. Here, an in situ forming, bioorthogonally cross-linked, nanocluster (NC)-reinforced collagen and hyaluronic acid hydrogel (NCColHA hydrogel) with enhanced structural integrity and both pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects was developed and tested within a corneal defect model in vivo. The NCs serve as bioorthogonal nanocross-linkers, providing higher cross-linking density than polymer-based alternatives. The NCs also serve as delivery vehicles for prednisolone (PRD) and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). NCColHA hydrogels rapidly gel within a few minutes upon administration and exhibit robust rheological properties, excellent transparency, and negligible swelling/deswelling behavior. The hydrogel's biocompatibility and capacity to support cell growth were assessed using primary human corneal epithelial cells. Re-epithelialization on the NCColHA hydrogel was clearly observed in rabbit eyes, both ex vivo and in vivo, with expression of normal epithelial biomarkers, including CD44, CK12, CK14, α-SMA, Tuj-1, and ZO-1, and stratified, multilayered morphology. The applied hydrogel maintained its structural integrity for at least 14 days and remodeled into a transparent stroma by 56 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae-Won Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Kyeongwoo Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Euisun Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Uiyoung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Youngyoon Amy Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Thitima Wungcharoen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Myung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- VA Palo Alto HealthCare System, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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2
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Qiao E, Baek J, Fulmore C, Song M, Kim TS, Kumar S, Schaffer DV. Spectrin mediates 3D-specific matrix stress-relaxation response in neural stem cell lineage commitment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk8232. [PMID: 39093963 PMCID: PMC11296331 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
While extracellular matrix (ECM) stress relaxation is increasingly appreciated to regulate stem cell fate commitment and other behaviors, much remains unknown about how cells process stress-relaxation cues in tissue-like three-dimensional (3D) geometries versus traditional 2D cell culture. Here, we develop an oligonucleotide-crosslinked hyaluronic acid-based ECM platform with tunable stress relaxation properties capable of use in either 2D or 3D. Strikingly, stress relaxation favors neural stem cell (NSC) neurogenesis in 3D but suppresses it in 2D. RNA sequencing and functional studies implicate the membrane-associated protein spectrin as a key 3D-specific transducer of stress-relaxation cues. Confining stress drives spectrin's recruitment to the F-actin cytoskeleton, where it mechanically reinforces the cortex and potentiates mechanotransductive signaling. Increased spectrin expression is also accompanied by increased expression of the transcription factor EGR1, which we previously showed mediates NSC stiffness-dependent lineage commitment in 3D. Our work highlights spectrin as an important molecular sensor and transducer of 3D stress-relaxation cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jieung Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Camille Fulmore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Myoung Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Kalairaj MS, Pradhan R, Saleem W, Smith MM, Gaharwar AK. Intra-Articular Injectable Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303794. [PMID: 38324655 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage deterioration and subsequent inflammatory changes in the underlying bone. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising approach for controlled drug delivery in cartilage therapies. This review focuses on the latest developments in utilizing injectable hydrogels as vehicles for targeted drug delivery to promote cartilage repair and regeneration. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease progression. Subsequently, the various types of injectable hydrogels used for intra-articular delivery are discussed. Specifically, physically and chemically crosslinked injectable hydrogels are critically analyzed, with an emphasis on their fabrication strategies and their capacity to encapsulate and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the potential of incorporating growth factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and cells within these injectable hydrogels are discussed. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive guide to navigating the landscape of hydrogel-based therapeutics in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ridhi Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Waqas Saleem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Morgan M Smith
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Interdisciplinary Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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4
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Conzatti G, Nadal C, Berthelot J, Vachoud L, Labour MN, Tourrette A, Belamie E. Chitosan-PNIPAM Thermogel Associated with Hydrogel Microspheres as a Smart Formulation for MSC Injection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3033-3040. [PMID: 38587908 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine based on cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various medical conditions. However, the success of cell therapy heavily relies on the development of suitable injectable hydrogels that can encapsulate cells and provide a conducive environment for their survival, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Herein, we address the medical need for cyto- and biocompatible injectable hydrogels by reporting on the synthesis of a hydrogel-forming thermosensitive copolymer. The copolymer was synthesized by grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-carboxymethyl acrylate) (PNIPAM-COOH) onto chitosan through amide coupling. This chemical modification resulted in the formation of hydrogels that exhibit a sol-gel transition with an onset at approximately 27 °C, making them ideal for use in injectable applications. The hydrogels supported the survival and proliferation of cells for several days, which is critical for cell encapsulation. Furthermore, the study evaluates the addition of collagen/chitosan hybrid microspheres to support the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells within the hydrogels. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of the PNIPAM-chitosan thermogel for cell encapsulation and its possible applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Conzatti
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34293, France
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INP Toulouse, Toulouse 31062, France
- INSERM/University of Strasbourg (Faculty of Pharmacy), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clémence Nadal
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INP Toulouse, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Jade Berthelot
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34293, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Vachoud
- UMR QualiSud, UMR Cirad 95, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, B.P. 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Labour
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34293, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Tourrette
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INP Toulouse, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Emmanuel Belamie
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34293, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
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5
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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Metal-Free Click-Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Fabricating Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:433-452. [PMID: 38516745 PMCID: PMC11036366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the utilization of hydrogels in various areas of biomedical sciences ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to tissue engineering has necessitated the synthesis of these materials using efficient and benign chemical transformations. In this regard, the advent of "click" chemistry revolutionized the design of hydrogels and a range of efficient reactions was utilized to obtain hydrogels with increased control over their physicochemical properties. The ability to apply the "click" chemistry paradigm to both synthetic and natural polymers as hydrogel precursors further expanded the utility of this chemistry in network formation. In particular, the ability to integrate clickable handles at predetermined locations in polymeric components enables the formation of well-defined networks. Although, in the early years of "click" chemistry, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was widely employed, recent years have focused on the use of metal-free "click" transformations, since residual metal impurities may interfere with or compromise the biological function of such materials. Furthermore, many of the non-metal-catalyzed "click" transformations enable the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, as well as the fabrication of microstructured gels using spatial and temporal control. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of hydrogels using various metal-free "click" reactions and highlights the applications of thus obtained materials. One could envision that the use of these versatile metal-free "click" reactions would continue to revolutionize the design of functional hydrogels geared to address unmet needs in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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6
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Shim HE, Kim YJ, Park KH, Park H, Huh KM, Kang SW. Enhancing cartilage regeneration through spheroid culture and hyaluronic acid microparticles: A promising approach for tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121734. [PMID: 38220328 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cell therapy using chondrocytes has shown promise for cartilage regeneration, but maintaining functional characteristics during in vitro culture and ensuring survival after transplantation are challenges. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods, such as spheroid culture, and hydrogels can improve cell survival and functionality. In this study, a new method of culturing spheroids using hyaluronic acid (HA) microparticles was developed. The spheroids mixed with HA microparticles effectively maintained the functional characteristics of chondrocytes during in vitro culture, resulting in improved cell survival and successful cartilage formation in vivo following transplantation. This new method has the potential to improve cell therapy production for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Shim
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Hwan Park
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghyun Park
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramics Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mehak, Singh G, Singh R, Singh G, Stanzin J, Singh H, Kaur G, Singh J. Clicking in harmony: exploring the bio-orthogonal overlap in click chemistry. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7383-7413. [PMID: 38433942 PMCID: PMC10906366 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to scrutinize and modify biological systems, the global research community has continued to explore bio-orthogonal click reactions, a set of reactions exclusively targeting non-native molecules within biological systems. These methodologies have brought about a paradigm shift, demonstrating the feasibility of artificial chemical reactions occurring on cellular surfaces, in the cell cytosol, or within the body - an accomplishment challenging to achieve with the majority of conventional chemical reactions. This review delves into the principles of bio-orthogonal click chemistry, contrasting metal-catalyzed and metal-free reactions of bio-orthogonal nature. It comprehensively explores mechanistic details and applications, highlighting the versatility and potential of this methodology in diverse scientific contexts, from cell labelling to biosensing and polymer synthesis. Researchers globally continue to advance this powerful tool for precise and selective manipulation of biomolecules in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurleen Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Riddima Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Jigmat Stanzin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Harminder Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana-141001 Punjab India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
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8
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Zhang K, Zhou Y, Moreno S, Schwarz S, Boye S, Voit B, Appelhans D. Reversible crowdedness of pH-responsive and host-guest active polymersomes: Mimicking µm-sized cell structures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:1469-1482. [PMID: 37858368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The structure-function characteristics of isolated artificial organelles (AOs) in protocells are mainly known, but there are few reports on clustered or aggregated AOs. To imitate µm-sized complex and heterogeneous cell structures, approaches are needed that enable reversible changes in the aggregation state of colloidal structures in response to chemical, biological, and external stimuli. To construct adaptive organelle-like or cell-like reorganization characteristics, we present an advanced crosslinking strategy to fabricate clustered polymersomes as a platform based on host-guest interactions between azobenzene-containing polymersomes (Azo-Psomes) and a β-cyclodextrin-modified polymer (β-CD polymer) as a crosslinker. First, the reversible (dis)assembly of clustered Azo-Psomes is carried out by the alternating input of crosslinker and adamantane-PEG3000 as a decrosslinker. Moreover, cluster size dependence is demonstrated by environmental pH. These offer the controlled fabrication of various homogeneous and heterogeneous Azo-Psomes structures, including the size regulation and visualization of clustered AOs through a fluorescent enzymatic cascade reaction. Finally, a temperature-sensitive crosslinking agent with β-CD units can promote the coaggregation of Azo-Psomes mediated by temperature changes. Overall, these (co-)clustered Azo-Psomes and their successful transformation in AOs may provide new features for modelling biological systems for eukaryotic cells and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehu Zhang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany; Chair of Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Yang Zhou
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany; Chair of Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany; Chair of Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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9
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Kim H, Roh H, Kim SH, Lee K, Im M, Oh SJ. Effective protection of photoreceptors using an inflammation-responsive hydrogel to attenuate outer retinal degeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 38097595 PMCID: PMC10721838 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an outer retinal degenerative disease that can lead to photoreceptor cell death and profound vision loss. Although effective regulation of intraretinal inflammation can slow down the progression of the disease, an efficient anti-inflammatory treatment strategy is still lacking. This study reports the fabrication of a hyaluronic acid-based inflammation-responsive hydrogel (IRH) and its epigenetic regulation effects on retinal degeneration. The injectable IRH was designed to respond to cathepsin overexpression in an inflammatory environment. The epigenetic drug, the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors, was loaded into the hydrogel to attenuate inflammatory factors. On-demand anti-inflammatory effects of microglia cells via the drug-loaded IRH were verified in vitro and in vivo retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice model. Therefore, our IRH not only reduced intraretinal inflammation but also protected photoreceptors morphologically and functionally. Our results suggest the IRH reported here can be used to considerably delay vision loss caused by RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Kim
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeonhee Roh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, KIST, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Maesoon Im
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
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10
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Selvam A, Majood M, Chaurasia R, Rupesh, Singh A, Dey T, Agrawal O, Verma YK, Mukherjee M. Injectable organo-hydrogels influenced by click chemistry as a paramount stratagem in the conveyor belt of pharmaceutical revolution. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10761-10777. [PMID: 37807713 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of injectable hydrogels has demonstrated a paramount headway in the myriad of biomedical applications and paved a path toward clinical advancements. The innate superiority of hydrogels emerging from organic constitution has exhibited dominance in overcoming the bottlenecks associated with inorganic-based hydrogels in the biological milieu. Inorganic hydrogels demonstrate various disadvantages, including limited biocompatibility, degradability, a cumbersome synthesis process, high cost, and ecotoxicity. The excellent biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and manufacturing convenience of organo-hydrogels have demonstrated to be promising in therapizing biomedical complexities with low toxicity and augmented bioavailability. This report manifests the realization of biomimetic organo-hydrogels with the development of bioresponsive and self-healing injectable organo-hydrogels in the emerging pharmaceutical revolution. Furthermore, the influence of click chemistry in this regime as a backbone in the pharmaceutical conveyor belt has been suggested to scale up production. Moreover, we propose an avant-garde design stratagem of developing a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based injectable organo-hydrogel via click chemistry to be realized for its pharmaceutical edge. Ultimately, injectable organo-hydrogels that materialize from academia or industry are required to follow the standard set of rules established by global governing bodies, which has been delineated to comprehend their marketability. Thence, this perspective narrates the development of injectable organo-hydrogels via click chemistry as a prospective elixir to have in the arsenal of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Radhika Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Rupesh
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Tapan Dey
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Stem Cell & Tissue Engineering Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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11
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Taheri S, Ghazali HS, Ghazali ZS, Bhattacharyya A, Noh I. Progress in biomechanical stimuli on the cell-encapsulated hydrogels for cartilage tissue regeneration. Biomater Res 2023; 27:22. [PMID: 36935512 PMCID: PMC10026525 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, many people suffer from knee injuries and articular cartilage damage every year, which causes pain and reduces productivity, life quality, and daily routines. Medication is currently primarily used to relieve symptoms and not to ameliorate cartilage degeneration. As the natural healing capacity of cartilage damage is limited due to a lack of vascularization, common surgical methods are used to repair cartilage tissue, but they cannot prevent massive damage followed by injury. MAIN BODY Functional tissue engineering has recently attracted attention for the repair of cartilage damage using a combination of cells, scaffolds (constructs), biochemical factors, and biomechanical stimuli. As cyclic biomechanical loading is the key factor in maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype, many studies have evaluated the effect of biomechanical stimulation on chondrogenesis. The characteristics of hydrogels, such as their mechanical properties, water content, and cell encapsulation, make them ideal for tissue-engineered scaffolds. Induced cell signaling (biochemical and biomechanical factors) and encapsulation of cells in hydrogels as a construct are discussed for biomechanical stimulation-based tissue regeneration, and several notable studies on the effect of biomechanical stimulation on encapsulated cells within hydrogels are discussed for cartilage regeneration. CONCLUSION Induction of biochemical and biomechanical signaling on the encapsulated cells in hydrogels are important factors for biomechanical stimulation-based cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Taheri
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanieh Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 158754413, Iran
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
- Functional, Innovative, and Smart Textiles, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Insup Noh
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Liu W, Xu B, Zhao S, Han S, Quan R, Liu W, Ji C, Chen B, Xiao Z, Yin M, Yin Y, Dai J, Zhao Y. Spinal cord tissue engineering via covalent interaction between biomaterials and cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8829. [PMID: 36753555 PMCID: PMC9908024 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions between cells and environmental cues have been recognized as fundamental physiological interactions that regulate cell behavior. However, the effects of the covalent interactions between cells and biomaterials on cell behavior have not been examined. Here, we demonstrate a combined strategy based on covalent conjugation between biomaterials (collagen fibers/lipid nanoparticles) and various cells (exogenous neural progenitor cells/astrocytes/endogenous tissue-resident cells) to promote neural regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). We found that metabolic azido-labeled human neural progenitor cells conjugated on dibenzocyclooctyne-modified collagen fibers significantly promoted cell adhesion, spreading, and differentiation compared with noncovalent adhesion. In addition, dibenzocyclooctyne-modified lipid nanoparticles containing edaravone, a well-known ROS scavenger, could target azide-labeled spinal cord tissues or transplanted azide-modified astrocytes to improve the SCI microenvironment. The combined application of these covalent conjugation strategies in a rat SCI model boosted neural regeneration, suggesting that the covalent interactions between cells and biomaterials have great potential for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shuaijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chunnan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Man Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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13
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Lagneau N, Tournier P, Halgand B, Loll F, Maugars Y, Guicheux J, Le Visage C, Delplace V. Click and bioorthogonal hyaluronic acid hydrogels as an ultra-tunable platform for the investigation of cell-material interactions. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:438-449. [PMID: 36632500 PMCID: PMC9826943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment plays a major role in the biological functions of cells. Thus, biomaterials, especially hydrogels, which can be design to mimic the cellular microenvironment, are being increasingly used for cell encapsulation, delivery, and 3D culture, with the hope of controlling cell functions. Yet, much remains to be understood about the effects of cell-material interactions, and advanced synthetic strategies need to be developed to independently control the mechanical and biochemical properties of hydrogels. To address this challenge, we designed a new hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel platform using a click and bioorthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction. This approach facilitates the synthesis of hydrogels that are easy to synthesize and sterilize, have minimal swelling, are stable long term, and are cytocompatible. It provides bioorthogonal HA gels over an uncommonly large range of stiffness (0.5-45 kPa), all forming within 1-15 min. More importantly, our approach offers a versatile one-pot procedure to independently tune the hydrogel composition (e.g., polymer and adhesive peptides). Using this platform, we investigate the independent effects of polymer type, stiffness, and adhesion on the secretory properties of human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) and demonstrate that HA can enhance the secretion of immunomodulatory factors by hASCs.
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14
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Sacramento MMA, Borges J, Correia FJS, Calado R, Rodrigues JMM, Patrício SG, Mano JF. Green approaches for extraction, chemical modification and processing of marine polysaccharides for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1041102. [PMID: 36568299 PMCID: PMC9773402 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, natural-origin polysaccharides have received increasing attention across different fields of application, including biomedicine and biotechnology, because of their specific physicochemical and biological properties that have afforded the fabrication of a plethora of multifunctional devices for healthcare applications. More recently, marine raw materials from fisheries and aquaculture have emerged as a highly sustainable approach to convert marine biomass into added-value polysaccharides for human benefit. Nowadays, significant efforts have been made to combine such circular bio-based approach with cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technologies that enable the isolation of marine-origin polysaccharides up to the final construction of a biomedical device, thus developing an entirely sustainable pipeline. In this regard, the present review intends to provide an up-to-date outlook on the current green extraction methodologies of marine-origin polysaccharides and their molecular engineering toolbox for designing a multitude of biomaterial platforms for healthcare. Furthermore, we discuss how to foster circular bio-based approaches to pursue the further development of added-value biomedical devices, while preserving the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Borges
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. S. Correia
- Laboratory of Scientific Illustration, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João M. M. Rodrigues
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,*Correspondence: João M. M. Rodrigues, ; Sónia G. Patrício, ; João F. Mano,
| | - Sónia G. Patrício
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,*Correspondence: João M. M. Rodrigues, ; Sónia G. Patrício, ; João F. Mano,
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal,*Correspondence: João M. M. Rodrigues, ; Sónia G. Patrício, ; João F. Mano,
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15
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Yang X, Wang B, Peng D, Nie X, Wang J, Yu CY, Wei H. Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Injectable Hydrogels for Wound Dressing and Localized Tumor Therapy: A Review. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Dongdong Peng
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Xiaobo Nie
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Hua Wei
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School University of South China Hengyang 421001 China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
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16
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Yazdi MK, Sajadi SM, Seidi F, Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Rabiee M, Dominic C.D. M, Zarrintaj P, Formela K, Saeb MR, Bencherif SA. Clickable Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Prog Polym Sci 2022; 133:101590. [PMID: 37779922 PMCID: PMC10540641 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in materials science and engineering highlight the importance of designing sophisticated biomaterials with well-defined architectures and tunable properties for emerging biomedical applications. Click chemistry, a powerful method allowing specific and controllable bioorthogonal reactions, has revolutionized our ability to make complex molecular structures with a high level of specificity, selectivity, and yield under mild conditions. These features combined with minimal byproduct formation have enabled the design of a wide range of macromolecular architectures from quick and versatile click reactions. Furthermore, copper-free click chemistry has resulted in a change of paradigm, allowing researchers to perform highly selective chemical reactions in biological environments to further understand the structure and function of cells. In living systems, introducing clickable groups into biomolecules such as polysaccharides (PSA) has been explored as a general approach to conduct medicinal chemistry and potentially help solve healthcare needs. De novo biosynthetic pathways for chemical synthesis have also been exploited and optimized to perform PSA-based bioconjugation inside living cells without interfering with their native processes or functions. This strategy obviates the need for laborious and costly chemical reactions which normally require extensive and time-consuming purification steps. Using these approaches, various PSA-based macromolecules have been manufactured as building blocks for the design of novel biomaterials. Clickable PSA provides a powerful and versatile toolbox for biomaterials scientists and will increasingly play a crucial role in the biomedical field. Specifically, bioclick reactions with PSA have been leveraged for the design of advanced drug delivery systems and minimally invasive injectable hydrogels. In this review article, we have outlined the key aspects and breadth of PSA-derived bioclick reactions as a powerful and versatile toolbox to design advanced polymeric biomaterials for biomedical applications such as molecular imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Additionally, we have also discussed the past achievements, present developments, and recent trends of clickable PSA-based biomaterials such as 3D printing, as well as their challenges, clinical translatability, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - S. Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 625, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, 624, KRG, Iraq
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co–Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Midhun Dominic C.D.
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Kochi, Kerala Pin-682013, India
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Sorbonne University, UTC CNRS UMR 7338, Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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17
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Kim DE, Lee YB, Shim HE, Song JJ, Han JS, Moon KS, Huh KM, Kang SW. Application of Hexanoyl Glycol Chitosan as a Non-cell Adhesive Polymer in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18471-18480. [PMID: 35694497 PMCID: PMC9178711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture technology has evolved into three-dimensional (3D) artificial tissue models for better reproduction of human native tissues. However, there are some unresolved limitations that arise due to the adhesive properties of cells. In this study, we developed a hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC) as a non-cell adhesive polymer for scaffold-based and -free 3D culture. The uniform cell distribution in a porous scaffold was well maintained during the long culutre period on the HGC-coated substrate by preventing ectopic adhesion and migration of cells on the substrate. In addition, when culturing many spheroids in one dish, supplementation of the culture medium with HGC prevented the aggregation of spheroids and maintained the shape and size of spheroids for a long culture duration. Collectively, the use of HGC in 3D culture systems is expected to contribute greatly to creating excellent regenerative therapeutics and screening models of bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Kim
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department
of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute
of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Shim
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jung Song
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department
of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department
of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute
of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam
National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Research
Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Human
and Environmental Toxicology Program, University
of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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18
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Jeong JE, Han SS, Shim HE, Kim W, Lee BS, Kim YJ, Kang SW. Hyaluronic microparticle-based biomimetic artificial neighbors of cells for three-dimensional cell culture. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Ashammakhi N, GhavamiNejad A, Tutar R, Fricker A, Roy I, Chatzistavrou X, Hoque Apu E, Nguyen KL, Ahsan T, Pountos I, Caterson EJ. Highlights on Advancing Frontiers in Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:633-664. [PMID: 34210148 PMCID: PMC9242713 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering continues to advance, sometimes in exponential leaps forward, but also sometimes at a rate that does not fulfill the promise that the field imagined a few decades ago. This review is in part a catalog of success in an effort to inform the process of innovation. Tissue engineering has recruited new technologies and developed new methods for engineering tissue constructs that can be used to mitigate or model disease states for study. Key to this antecedent statement is that the scientific effort must be anchored in the needs of a disease state and be working toward a functional product in regenerative medicine. It is this focus on the wildly important ideas coupled with partnered research efforts within both academia and industry that have shown most translational potential. The field continues to thrive and among the most important recent developments are the use of three-dimensional bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip, and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies that warrant special attention. Developments in the aforementioned areas as well as future directions are highlighted in this article. Although several early efforts have not come to fruition, there are good examples of commercial profitability that merit continued investment in tissue engineering. Impact statement Tissue engineering led to the development of new methods for regenerative medicine and disease models. Among the most important recent developments in tissue engineering are the use of three-dimensional bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip, and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies. These technologies and an understanding of them will have impact on the success of tissue engineering and its translation to regenerative medicine. Continued investment in tissue engineering will yield products and therapeutics, with both commercial importance and simultaneous disease mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annabelle Fricker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Taby Ahsan
- RoosterBio, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Caterson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. du Pont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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20
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KhaliliJafarabad N, Behnamghader A, Khorasani MT, Mozafari M. Synthesis and characterization of an engineered dual crosslinked hydrogel system based on hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and carboxymethyl chitosan with platelet‐rich plasma. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadieh KhaliliJafarabad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Aliasghar Behnamghader
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Materials and Energy Research Center Tehran Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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21
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Yoon HY, Lee D, Lim DK, Koo H, Kim K. Copper-Free Click Chemistry: Applications in Drug Delivery, Cell Tracking, and Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107192. [PMID: 34752658 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, organic chemical reactions require organic solvents, toxic catalysts, heat, or high pressure. However, copper-free click chemistry has been shown to have favorable reaction rates and orthogonality in water, buffer solutions, and physiological conditions without toxic catalysts. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions are representative of copper-free click chemistry. Artificial chemical reactions via click chemistry can also be used outside of the laboratory in a controllable manner on live cell surfaces, in the cytosol, and in living bodies. Consequently, copper-free click chemistry has many features that are of interest in biomedical research, and various new materials and strategies for its use have been proposed. Herein, recent remarkable trials that have used copper-free click chemistry are described, focusing on their applications in molecular imaging and therapy. The research is categorized as nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging agents for cell tracking, and hydrogels for tissue engineering, which are rapidly advancing fields based on click chemistry. The content is based primarily on the experience with click chemistry-based biomaterials over the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Battigelli A, Almeida B, Shukla A. Recent Advances in Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:263-271. [PMID: 35107252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal click chemistry, first introduced in the early 2000s, has become one of the most widely used approaches for designing advanced biomaterials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to the selectivity and biocompatibility of the associated reactants and reaction conditions. In this review, we present recent advances in utilizing bioorthogonal click chemistry for the development of three-dimensional, biocompatible scaffolds and cell-encapsulated biomaterials. Additionally, we highlight recent examples using these approaches for biomedical applications including drug delivery, imaging, and cell therapy and discuss their potential as next generation biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany Almeida
- School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Anita Shukla
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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23
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Øvrebø Ø, Perale G, Wojciechowski JP, Echalier C, Jeffers JRT, Stevens MM, Haugen HJ, Rossi F. Design and clinical application of injectable hydrogels for musculoskeletal therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10295. [PMID: 35600661 PMCID: PMC9115710 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal defects are an enormous healthcare burden and source of pain and disability for individuals. With an aging population, the proportion of individuals living with these medical indications will increase. Simultaneously, there is pressure on healthcare providers to source efficient solutions, which are cheaper and less invasive than conventional technology. This has led to an increased research focus on hydrogels as highly biocompatible biomaterials that can be delivered through minimally invasive procedures. This review will discuss how hydrogels can be designed for clinical translation, particularly in the context of the new European Medical Device Regulation (MDR). We will then do a deep dive into the clinically used hydrogel solutions that have been commercially approved or have undergone clinical trials in Europe or the United States. We will discuss the therapeutic mechanism and limitations of these products. Due to the vast application areas of hydrogels, this work focuses only on treatments of cartilage, bone, and the nucleus pulposus. Lastly, the main steps toward clinical translation of hydrogels as medical devices are outlined. We suggest a framework for how academics can assist small and medium MedTech enterprises conducting the initial clinical investigation and post‐market clinical follow‐up required in the MDR. It is evident that the successful translation of hydrogels is governed by acquiring high‐quality pre‐clinical and clinical data confirming the device mechanism of action and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Øvrebø
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Material Biomimetic ASOslo Science ParkOsloNorway
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SAMezzovico‐ViraSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Southern SwitzerlandLuganoSwitzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
| | - Jonathan P. Wojciechowski
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cécile Echalier
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Centre of ExcellenceInstitute of Basic Medical Science, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Håvard J. Haugen
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Material Biomimetic ASOslo Science ParkOsloNorway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
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24
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Mueller E, Poulin I, Bodnaryk WJ, Hoare T. Click Chemistry Hydrogels for Extrusion Bioprinting: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:619-640. [PMID: 34989569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of 3D bioprinting has allowed a variety of hydrogel-based "bioinks" to be printed in the presence of cells to create precisely defined cell-loaded 3D scaffolds in a single step for advancing tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine. While existing bioinks based primarily on ionic cross-linking, photo-cross-linking, or thermogelation have significantly advanced the field, they offer technical limitations in terms of the mechanics, degradation rates, and the cell viabilities achievable with the printed scaffolds, particularly in terms of aiming to match the wide range of mechanics and cellular microenvironments. Click chemistry offers an appealing solution to this challenge given that proper selection of the chemistry can enable precise tuning of both the gelation rate and the degradation rate, both key to successful tissue regeneration; simultaneously, the often bio-orthogonal nature of click chemistry is beneficial to maintain high cell viabilities within the scaffolds. However, to date, relatively few examples of 3D-printed click chemistry hydrogels have been reported, mostly due to the technical challenges of controlling mixing during the printing process to generate high-fidelity prints without clogging the printer. This review aims to showcase existing cross-linking modalities, characterize the advantages and disadvantages of different click chemistries reported, highlight current examples of click chemistry hydrogel bioinks, and discuss the design of mixing strategies to enable effective 3D extrusion bioprinting of click hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mueller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Poulin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - William James Bodnaryk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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25
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Sirkkunan D, Pingguan-Murphy B, Muhamad F. Directing Axonal Growth: A Review on the Fabrication of Fibrous Scaffolds That Promotes the Orientation of Axons. Gels 2021; 8:gels8010025. [PMID: 35049560 PMCID: PMC8775123 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues are commonly defined as groups of cells that have similar structure and uniformly perform a specialized function. A lesser-known fact is that the placement of these cells within these tissues plays an important role in executing its functions, especially for neuronal cells. Hence, the design of a functional neural scaffold has to mirror these cell organizations, which are brought about by the configuration of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins. In this review, we will briefly discuss the various characteristics considered when making neural scaffolds. We will then focus on the cellular orientation and axonal alignment of neural cells within their ECM and elaborate on the mechanisms involved in this process. A better understanding of these mechanisms could shed more light onto the rationale of fabricating the scaffolds for this specific functionality. Finally, we will discuss the scaffolds used in neural tissue engineering (NTE) and the methods used to fabricate these well-defined constructs.
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26
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Nguyen TPT, Li F, Shrestha S, Tuan RS, Thissen H, Forsythe JS, Frith JE. Cell-laden injectable microgels: Current status and future prospects for cartilage regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121214. [PMID: 34736147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have been employed extensively as versatile materials for cartilage regeneration due to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable structure, and ability to accommodate bioactive factors, as well as their ability to be locally delivered via minimally invasive injection to fill irregular defects. More recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that processing these materials to produce cell-laden microgels can enhance cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and boost nutrient and metabolite exchange. Moreover, these studies have demonstrated gene expression profiles and matrix regeneration that are superior compared to conventional injectable bulk hydrogels. As cell-laden microgels and their application in cartilage repair are moving closer to clinical translation, this review aims to present an overview of the recent developments in this field. Here we focus on the currently used biomaterials and crosslinking strategies, the innovative fabrication techniques being used for the production of microgels, the cell sources used, the signals used for induction of chondrogenic differentiation and the resultant biological responses, and the ability to create three-dimensional, functional cartilage tissues. In addition, this review also covers the current clinical approaches for repairing cartilage as well as specific challenges faced when attempting the regeneration of damaged cartilage tissue. New findings related to the macroporous nature of the structures formed by the assembled microgel building blocks and the novel use of microgels in 3D printing for cartilage tissue engineering are also highlighted. Finally, we outline the challenges and future opportunities for employing cell-laden microgels in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy P T Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Surakshya Shrestha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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27
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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28
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Application of "Magnetic Anchors" to Align Collagen Fibres for Axonal Guidance. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040154. [PMID: 34698174 PMCID: PMC8544430 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of neural scaffolds with a highly defined microarchitecture, fabricated with standard techniques such as electrospinning and microfluidic spinning, requires surgery for their application to the site of injury. To circumvent the risk associated with aciurgy, new strategies for treatment are sought. This has led to an increase in the quantity of research into injectable hydrogels in recent years. However, little research has been conducted into controlling the building blocks within these injectable hydrogels to produce similar scaffolds with a highly defined microarchitecture. “Magnetic particle string” and biomimetic amphiphile self-assembly are some of the methods currently available to achieve this purpose. Here, we developed a “magnetic anchor” method to improve the orientation of collagen fibres within injectable 3D scaffolds. This procedure uses GMNP (gold magnetic nanoparticle) “anchors” capped with CMPs (collagen mimetic peptides) that “chain” them to collagen fibres. Through the application of a magnetic field during the gelling process, these collagen fibres are aligned accordingly. It was shown in this study that the application of CMP functionalised GMNPs in a magnetic field significantly improves the alignment of the collagen fibres, which, in turn, improves the orientation of PC12 neurites. The growth of these neurite extensions, which were shown to be significantly longer, was also improved. The PC12 cells grown in collagen scaffolds fabricated using the “magnetic anchor” method shows comparable cellular viability to that of the untreated collagen scaffolds. This capability of remote control of the alignment of fibres within injectable collagen scaffolds opens up new strategic avenues in the research for treating debilitating neural tissue pathologies.
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29
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Hui E, Sumey JL, Caliari SR. Click-functionalized hydrogel design for mechanobiology investigations. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2021; 6:670-707. [PMID: 36338897 PMCID: PMC9631920 DOI: 10.1039/d1me00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of click-functionalized hydrogels in recent years has coincided with rapid growth in the fields of mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Click chemistries represent a group of reactions that possess high reactivity and specificity, are cytocompatible, and generally proceed under physiologic conditions. Most notably, the high level of tunability afforded by these reactions enables the design of user-controlled and tissue-mimicking hydrogels in which the influence of important physical and biochemical cues on normal and aberrant cellular behaviors can be independently assessed. Several critical tissue properties, including stiffness, viscoelasticity, and biomolecule presentation, are known to regulate cell mechanobiology in the context of development, wound repair, and disease. However, many questions still remain about how the individual and combined effects of these instructive properties regulate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing physiologic and pathologic processes. In this review, we discuss several click chemistries that have been adopted to design dynamic and instructive hydrogels for mechanobiology investigations. We also chart a path forward for how click hydrogels can help reveal important insights about complex tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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30
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Synthesis, physical and mechanical properties of amphiphilic hydrogels based on polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol for bioapplications: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Pérez LA, Hernández R, Alonso JM, Pérez-González R, Sáez-Martínez V. Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Crosslinked in Physiological Conditions: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1113. [PMID: 34572298 PMCID: PMC8466770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels display a wide variety of biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug vehiculization and controlled release. To date, most of the commercially available hyaluronic acid hydrogel formulations are produced under conditions that are not compatible with physiological ones. This review compiles the currently used approaches for the development of hyaluronic acid hydrogels under physiological/mild conditions. These methods include dynamic covalent processes such as boronic ester and Schiff-base formation and click chemistry mediated reactions such as thiol chemistry processes, azide-alkyne, or Diels Alder cycloaddition. Thermoreversible gelation of HA hydrogels at physiological temperature is also discussed. Finally, the most outstanding biomedical applications are indicated for each of the HA hydrogel generation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andrés Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
| | - Rebeca Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José María Alonso
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
| | - Raúl Pérez-González
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
| | - Virginia Sáez-Martínez
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.M.A.); (R.P.-G.)
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32
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A highly biocompatible bio-ink for 3D hydrogel scaffolds fabrication in the presence of living cells by two-photon polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Gao Y, Peng K, Mitragotri S. Covalently Crosslinked Hydrogels via Step-Growth Reactions: Crosslinking Chemistries, Polymers, and Clinical Impact. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006362. [PMID: 33988273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with the unique property of high-water content in a crosslinked polymer network. In particular, chemically crosslinked hydrogels have made a great clinical impact in past years because of their desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structural and chemical properties. Various polymers and step-growth crosslinking chemistries are harnessed for fabricating such covalently crosslinked hydrogels for translational research. However, selecting appropriate crosslinking chemistries and polymers for the intended clinical application is time-consuming and challenging. It requires the integration of polymer chemistry knowledge with thoughtful crosslinking reaction design. This task becomes even more challenging when other factors such as the biological mechanisms of the pathology, practical administration routes, and regulatory requirements add additional constraints. In this review, key features of crosslinking chemistries and polymers commonly used for preparing translatable hydrogels are outlined and their performance in biological systems is summarized. The examples of effective polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations that have yielded clinically approved hydrogel products are specifically highlighted. These hydrogel design parameters in the context of the regulatory process and clinical translation barriers, providing a guideline for the rational selection of polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations to construct hydrogels with high translational potential are further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Gao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Peng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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34
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KhaliliJafarabad N, Behnamghader A, Khorasani MT, Mozafari M. Platelet-rich plasma-hyaluronic acid/chondrotin sulfate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel for cartilage regeneration. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:534-547. [PMID: 33608921 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chondrogenic potential of hyaluronic acid/chondrotin sulfate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) was evaluated. Here, hyaluronic acid, chondrotin sulfate, and carboxymethyl chitosan were used as the substrate for cartilage tissue engineering in which the hydrogel is formed due to electrostatic and hydrogen bonds through mixing the polymers. Because of the instability of this hydrogel in the biological environment, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxy-succinimide was used as a crosslinker to increase the hydrogel stability. The hydrogels showed reasonable stability due to the combined effect of self-crosslinking and chemical crosslinking. The cells were treated with the prepared hydrogel samples for 14 and 21 days in nondifferentiation medium for evaluation of the cellular behavior of ADMSCs. Gene expression evaluation was performed, and expression of specific genes involved in differentiation was shown in the crosslinked hydrogel with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (H-EN-P) had increased the gene expression levels. Quantification of immunofluorescence intensity indicated the high level of expression of SOX9 in H-EN-P hydrogel. Based on the results, we confirmed that the presence of PRP and the similarity of the hydrogel constituents to the cartilage extracellular matrix could have positive effects on the differentiation of the cells, which is favorable for cartilage tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadieh KhaliliJafarabad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Behnamghader
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Tan H, Jin D, Sun J, Song J, Lu Y, Yin M, Chen X, Qu X, Liu C. Enlisting a Traditional Chinese Medicine to tune the gelation kinetics of a bioactive tissue adhesive for fast hemostasis or minimally invasive therapy. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:905-917. [PMID: 33163698 PMCID: PMC7599438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelation kinetics is important in tailoring chemically crosslinked hydrogel-based injectable adhesives for different applications. However, the regulation of gelation rate is usually limited to varying the gel precursor and/or crosslinker concentration, which cannot reach a fine level and inevitably alters the physical properties of hydrogels. Amidation reactions are widely used to synthesize hydrogel adhesives. In this work, we propose a traditional Chinese medicine (Borax)-input strategy to tune the gelation rate of amidation reaction triggered systems. Borax provides an initial basic buffer environment to promote the deprotonation process of amino groups and accelerate this reaction. By using a tissue adhesive model PEG-lysozyme (PEG-LZM), the gelation time can be modulated from seconds to minutes with varying Borax concentrations, while the physical properties remain constant. Moreover, the antibacterial ability can be improved due to the bioactivity of Borax. The hydrogel precursors can be regulated to solidify instantly to close the bleeding wound at emergency. Meanwhile, they can also be customized to match the flowing time in the catheter, thereby facilitating minimally invasive tissue sealing. Because this method is easily operated, we envision Borax adjusted amidation-type hydrogel has a promising prospect in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Tan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dawei Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xue Qu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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A di-self-crosslinking hyaluronan-based hydrogel combined with type I collagen to construct a biomimetic injectable cartilage-filling scaffold. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:197-207. [PMID: 32434079 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have attracted increasing attention because of convenient clinical operation, non-invasive surgical procedure and seamless filling of irregular defects. Here, injectable di-self-crosslinking HSMSSA hydrogel was formed via fast thiol/maleimide click chemistry reaction and thiol oxidation reaction as primary and secondary self-crosslinking network, respectively. Molecular weight and precursor concentration significantly affected physichemical properties and biological functions of hydrogels. Although single HSMSSA gel (0.1 M Da, 10 mg/mL) had moderate injectability, preferable mechanical properties and good proliferative ability of chondrocytes in vitro, and could greatly promote cartilaginous tissue formation in vivo, the lack of adhesion sites resulted in an untenable situation in maintaining effective connections among newborn cell clusters. However, the biomimetic injectable di-self-crosslinking blend hydrogel by combing injectable HSMSSA and bioactive Col I had improved resistance to degradation, chondrocytes adhesion and proliferation, especially for multiples ascending genes expression level associated with hyaline cartilage formation and polyproteoglycan secretion, which might be a potential clinical treatment strategy for constructing injectable cartilage repair filler by combining expanded autologous chondrocytes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An injectable di-self-crosslinking Hyaluronan-Based hydrogel was formed via fast thiol/maleimide click chemistry reaction and thiol oxidation reaction as primary/secondary self-crosslinking network, respectively. Molecular weight and precursor concentration significantly affected physichemical properties and biological functions of the hydrogels. Although this HSMSSA gel (0.1 M Da, 10 mg/mL) had moderate injectability, preferable mechanical properties, and good proliferative ability of chondrocytes in vitro, and could greatly promote cartilaginous tissue formation in vivo, the lack of adhesion sites resulted in ineffective connections among newborn cell clusters. The biomimetic injectable di-self-crosslinking blend hydrogel improved chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation by combined injectable HSMSSA and bioactive Col I, especially for multiple ascending gene expression levels associated with hyaline cartilage formation and polyproteoglycan secretion.
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Lee EJ, Kang E, Kang SW, Huh KM. Thermo-irreversible glycol chitosan/hyaluronic acid blend hydrogel for injectable tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116432. [PMID: 32536405 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermogels that undergo temperature-dependent sol-gel transition have recently attracted attention as a promising biomaterial for injectable tissue engineering. However, conventional thermogels usually suffer from poor physical properties and low cell binding affinity, limiting their practical applications. Here, a simple approach for developing a new thermogel with enhanced physical properties and cell binding affinity is proposed. This thermogel (AcHA/HGC) was obtained by simple blending of a new class of polysaccharide-based thermogel, N-hexanoyl glycol chitosan (HGC), with a polysaccharide possessing good cell binding affinity, acetylated hyaluronic acid (AcHA). Gelation of AcHA/HGC was initially triggered by the thermosensitive response of HGC and gradually intensified by additional physical crosslinking mechanisms between HGC and AcHA, resulting in thermo-irreversible gelation. Compared to the thermos-reversible HGC hydrogel, the thermo-irreversible AcHA/HGC hydrogel exhibited enhanced physical stability, mechanical properties, cell binding affinity, and tissue compatibility. These results suggest that our thermo-irreversible hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for injectable tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseing-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseing-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro Yuseing-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Lee SY, Park JH, Yang M, Baek MJ, Kim MH, Lee J, Khademhosseini A, Kim DD, Cho HJ. Ferrous sulfate-directed dual-cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels with long-term delivery of donepezil. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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39
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Bao W, Li M, Yang Y, Wan Y, Wang X, Bi N, Li C. Advancements and Frontiers in the High Performance of Natural Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Chem 2020; 8:53. [PMID: 32117879 PMCID: PMC7028759 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage injury originating from trauma or osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that can bring about an increasing social and economic burden in modern society. On account of its avascular, neural, and lymphatic characteristics, the poor migration ability of chondrocytes, and a low number of progenitor cells, the self-healing ability of cartilage defects has been significantly limited. Natural hydrogels, occurring abundantly with characteristics such as high water absorption, biodegradation, adjustable porosity, and biocompatibility like that of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), have been developed into one of the most suitable scaffold biomaterials for the regeneration of cartilage in material science and tissue engineering. Notably, natural hydrogels derived from sources such as animal or human cadaver tissues possess the bionic mechanical behaviors of physiological cartilage that are required for usage as articular cartilage substitutes, by which the enhanced chondrogenic phenotype ability may be achieved by facilely embedding living cells, controlling degradation profiles, and releasing stimulatory growth factors. Hence, we summarize an overview of strategies and developments of the various kinds and functions of natural hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering in this review. The main concepts and recent essential research found that great challenges like vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical performances were still difficult to overcome because the current limitations of technologies need to be severely addressed in practical settings, particularly in unpredictable preclinical trials and during future forays into cartilage regeneration using natural hydrogel scaffolds with high mechanical properties. Therefore, the grand aim of this current review is to underpin the importance of preparation, modification, and application for the high performance of natural hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering, which has been achieved by presenting a promising avenue in various fields and postulating real-world respective potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuren Bao
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Orthopaedic Department, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Bi
- Orthopaedic Department, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Orthopaedic Department, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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40
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Abstract
We explore the design and synthesis of hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering from the perspective of the underlying polymer chemistry. The key polymers, properties and architectures used, and their effect on tissue growth are discussed.
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41
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Nutan B, Jewrajka SK. PEGylated gold nanoparticles promoted rapid macromolecular chain-end transformation and formation of injectable hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:465-477. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly stable PEGylated Au NPs with low grafting density exhibit significant effect towards azide–alkyne click cycloaddition and Michael addition reactions leading to rapid formation of injectable hydrogels and biologically relevant macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhingaradiya Nutan
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
| | - Suresh K. Jewrajka
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
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42
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Setayeshmehr M, Esfandiari E, Rafieinia M, Hashemibeni B, Taheri-Kafrani A, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Kaplan DL, Moroni L, Joghataei MT. Hybrid and Composite Scaffolds Based on Extracellular Matrices for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:202-224. [PMID: 30648478 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Scaffolds fabricated from extracellular matrix (ECM) derivatives are composed of conducive structures for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, but generally do not have proper mechanical properties and load-bearing capacity. In contrast, scaffolds based on synthetic biomaterials demonstrate appropriate mechanical strength, but the absence of desirable biological properties is one of their main disadvantages. To integrate mechanical strength and biological cues, these ECM derivatives can be conjugated with synthetic biomaterials. Hence, hybrid scaffolds comprising both advantages of synthetic polymers and ECM derivatives can be considered a robust vehicle for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Setayeshmehr
- 1 Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,2 Biomaterials Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,3 MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- 4 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafieinia
- 2 Biomaterials Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- 4 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- 5 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- 1 Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,6 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - David L Kaplan
- 7 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- 3 MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,8 CNR Nanotec-Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mohammad T Joghataei
- 1 Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,6 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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43
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Pérez-Madrigal MM, Shaw JE, Arno MC, Hoyland JA, Richardson SM, Dove AP. Robust alginate/hyaluronic acid thiol-yne click-hydrogel scaffolds with superior mechanical performance and stability for load-bearing soft tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:405-412. [PMID: 31729512 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid (HA) exhibit great potential as tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds as a consequence of their unique biological features. Herein, we examine how the advantages of two natural polymers (i.e. HA and alginate) are combined with the efficiency and rapid nature of the thiol-yne click chemistry reaction to obtain biocompatible matrices with tailored properties. Our injectable click-hydrogels revealed excellent mechanical performance, long-term stability, high cytocompatibility and adequate stiffness for the targeted application. This simple approach yielded HA hydrogels with characteristics that make them suitable for applications as 3D scaffolds to support and promote soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua E Shaw
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Maria C Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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44
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Li H, Dai J, Xu Q, Lu C, Yang G, Wang F, Nie J, Hu X, Dong N, Shi J. Synthesis of thiol-terminated PEG-functionalized POSS cross-linkers and fabrication of high-strength and hydrolytic degradable hybrid hydrogels in aqueous phase. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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Shoaib MM, Huynh V, Shad Y, Ahmed R, Jesmer AH, Melacini G, Wylie RG. Controlled degradation of low-fouling poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) hydrogels. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18978-18988. [PMID: 35516872 PMCID: PMC9064882 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradable low-fouling hydrogels are ideal vehicles for drug and cell delivery. For each application, hydrogel degradation rate must be re-optimized for maximum therapeutic benefit. We developed a method to rapidly and predictably tune degradation rates of low-fouling poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (P(EG)xMA) hydrogels by modifying two interdependent variables: (1) base-catalysed crosslink degradation kinetics, dependent on crosslinker electronics (electron withdrawing groups (EWGs)); and, (2) polymer hydration, dependent on the molecular weight (MW) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) pendant groups. By controlling PEG MW and EWG strength, P(EG)xMA hydrogels were tuned to degrade over 6 to 52 d. A 6-member P(EG)xMA copolymer library yielded slow and fast degrading low-fouling hydrogels suitable for short- and long-term delivery applications. The degradation mechanism was also applied to RGD-functionalized poly(carboxybetaine methacrylamide) (PCBMAA) hydrogels to achieve slow (∼50 d) and fast (∼13 d) degrading low-fouling, bioactive hydrogels. To tune degradation rates of low-fouling hydrogels, a 6-member P(EG)xMA copolymer library with different electronics and hydration levels was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Vincent Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Yousuf Shad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Rashik Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Alexander H Jesmer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada .,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Ryan G Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada .,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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46
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Shah TV, Vasava DV. A glimpse of biodegradable polymers and their biomedical applications. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, biodegradable polymers (BPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications such as drug carrier, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, medical devices, and antibacterial/antifouling biomaterials. This can be attributed to numerous factors such as chemical, mechanical and physiochemical properties of BPs, their improved processibility, functionality and sensitivity towards stimuli. The present review intended to highlight main results of research on advances and improvements in terms of synthesis, physical properties, stimuli response, and/or applicability of biodegradable plastics (BPs) during last two decades, and its biomedical applications. Recent literature relevant to this study has been cited and their developing trends and challenges of BPs have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas V. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- 380009, India
| | - Dilip V. Vasava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- 380009, India
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47
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Li L, Yu F, Zheng L, Wang R, Yan W, Wang Z, Xu J, Wu J, Shi D, Zhu L, Wang X, Jiang Q. Natural hydrogels for cartilage regeneration: Modification, preparation and application. J Orthop Translat 2019; 17:26-41. [PMID: 31194006 PMCID: PMC6551352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, consisting of hydrophilic polymers, can be used as films, scaffolds, nanoparticles and drug carriers. They are one of the hot research topics in material science and tissue engineering and are widely used in the field of biomedical and biological sciences. Researchers are seeking for a type of material that is similar to human tissues and can partially replace human tissues or organs. The hydrogel has brought possibility to solve this problem. It has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. After entering the body, it does not cause immune and toxic reactions. The degradation time can be controlled, and the degradation products are nontoxic and nonimmunogenic; the final metabolites can be excreted outside the body. Owing to the lack of blood vessels and poor migration ability of chondrocytes, the self-healing ability of damaged cartilage is limited. Tissue engineering has brought a new direction for the regeneration of cartilage. Drug carriers and scaffolds made of hydrogels are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering. The present review introduces the natural hydrogels, which are often used for cartilage tissue engineering with respect to synthesis, modification and application methods. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE This review introduces the natural hydrogels that are often used in cartilage tissue engineering with respect to synthesis, modification and application methods. Furthermore, the essential concepts and recent discoveries were demonstrated to illustrate the achievable goals and the current limitations. In addition, we propose the putative challenges and directions for the use of natural hydrogels in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingsong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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48
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Cao W, Sui J, Ma M, Xu Y, Lin W, Chen Y, Man Y, Sun Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. The preparation and biocompatible evaluation of injectable dual crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogels as cytoprotective agents. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An injectable dual crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogel was prepared by a thiol–ene click reaction and conversion between sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds. This injectable hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility and potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxu Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Junhui Sui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Mengcheng Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Weimin Lin
- Diseases and Department of Oral Implantology
- Department of Oral Implantology
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Yafang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- Diseases and Department of Oral Implantology
- Department of Oral Implantology
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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49
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Kumar BA, Nayak RR. Supramolecular phenoxy-alkyl maleate-based hydrogels and their enzyme/pH-responsive curcumin release. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05796f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular-weight hydrogelators as stimuli-responsive drug carrier agents in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijari Anil Kumar
- Centre for Lipid Science and Technology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Rati Ranjan Nayak
- Centre for Lipid Science and Technology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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50
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Wang SY, Kim H, Kwak G, Yoon HY, Jo SD, Lee JE, Cho D, Kwon IC, Kim SH. Development of Biocompatible HA Hydrogels Embedded with a New Synthetic Peptide Promoting Cellular Migration for Advanced Wound Care Management. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800852. [PMID: 30479928 PMCID: PMC6247053 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, there have been many efforts underway to develop effective wound healing treatments for traumatic injuries. In particular, wound-healing peptides (WHPs) and peptide-grafted dressings hold great promise for novel therapeutic strategies for wound management. This study reports a topical formulation of a new synthetic WHP (REGRT, REG) embedded in a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel dressing for the enhancement of acute excisional wound repair. The copper-free click chemistry is utilized to form biocompatible HA hydrogels by cross-linking dibenzocyclooctyl-functionalized HA with 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) azide. The HA hydrogels are grafted with the REG peptide, a functional derivative of erythroid differentiation regulator1, displaying potent cell motility-stimulating ability, thus sustainably releasing physiologically active peptides for a prolonged period. Combined with the traditional wound healing benefits of HA, the HA hydrogel embedded REG (REG-HAgel) accelerates re-epithelialization in skin wound healing, particularly by promoting migration of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. REG-HAgels improve not only rate, but quality of wound healing with higher collagen deposition and more microvascular formation while being nontoxic. The peptide-grafted HA hydrogel system can be considered as a promising new wound dressing formulation strategy for the treatment of different types of wounds with combinations of various natural and synthetic WHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Wang
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Kwak
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Duk Jo
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Nano‐Bio Resources CenterSookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul04310Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
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