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Zia‐ul‐Haq M, Haq ZU, Wu J, Peng Z, Zhang Y. Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and thermal degradation kinetics of silicone rubber/ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/magnesium sulfate whisker composites compatibilized by ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zia‐ul‐Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zaheer Ul Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Jiang G. Surface Modification of Magnesium Oxysulfate Whisker Based on SiO 2@silane Coupling Agent and SiO 2@polydopamine Double-Layer Structure for Reinforcing HDPE. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093272. [PMID: 35591606 PMCID: PMC9105130 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated high-performance polyethylene composites by constructing SiO2@silane coupling agent (γ-methylacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane) and SiO2@polydopamine (PDA) double-layer structures on a magnesium oxysulfate whisker surface. In addition to realizing strong mechanical properties, the flame-retardant properties of the composites were effectively improved. Further increase in the initial crystallization temperature of the modified composites indicated that the dispersion of whisker in the matrix was improved. The drag effect of the modified whisker on the HDPE molecular chain was characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and the morphology of the impact-fractured surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); both confirmed the improved compatibility between the whisker and the matrix. The tensile strength of HDPE/MOSw@SiO2@KH570 and HDPE/MOSw@SiO2@PDA composites were 22.6% and 41.5% higher than that of the HDPE/MOSw composites, respectively. The impact strengths of the HDPE/MOSw@SiO2@KH570 and HDPE/MOSw@SiO2@PDA composites were 129% and 102% higher than that of the HDPE/MOSw composites, respectively. A stable carbon-silicate layer constructed by a SiO2@KH570 and SiO2@PDA double-layer structure delayed the combustion process. As a result, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of HDPE/MOSw@SiO2@KH570 and HDPE/MOSw@SiO2@PDA composites increased from 22.5 to 22.9 and 23.5, respectively.
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Fouda A, Eid AM, Abdel-Rahman MA, EL-Belely EF, Awad MA, Hassan SED, AL-Faifi ZE, Hamza MF. Enhanced Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Larvicidal, and Repellence Activities of Brown Algae, Cystoseira crinita-Mediated Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:849921. [PMID: 35295650 PMCID: PMC8920522 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.849921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the metabolites secreted by brown algae, Cystoseira crinita, were used as biocatalyst for green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy linked with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed successful formation of crystallographic and spherical MgO-NPs with sizes of 3–18 nm at a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 320 nm. Moreover, EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O in the sample with weight percentages of 54.1% and 20.6%, respectively. Phyco-fabricated MgO-NPs showed promising activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans with MIC values ranging between 12.5 and 50 μg mL−1. The IC50 value of MgO-NPs against cancer cell lines (Caco-2) was 113.4 μg mL−1, whereas it was 141.2 μg mL−1 for normal cell lines (Vero cell). Interestingly, the green synthesized MgO-NPs exhibited significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity against Musca domestica. At 10 μg mL−1 MgO-NPs, the highest mortality percentages were 99.0%, 95.0%, 92.2%, and 81.0% for I, II, III instars’ larvae, and pupa of M. domestica, respectively, with LC50 values (3.08, 3.49, and 4.46 μg mL−1), and LC90 values (7.46, 8.89, and 10.43 μg mL−1), respectively. Also, MgO-NPs showed repellence activity for adults of M. domestica at 10 μg mL−1 with 63.0%, 77.9%, 84.9%, and 96.8% after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Amr Fouda,
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ehab F. EL-Belely
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Awad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zarraq E. AL-Faifi
- Center for Environment Research and Studies, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Hamza
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Heng Yang, China
- Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Zou S, Lan S, Dang L, Li P, Zhu D, Li L. Controllable fabrication of a hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina for enhancing the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7422-7432. [PMID: 35424671 PMCID: PMC8982156 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A composite particle with hydrated alumina deposited on the surface of magnesium borate whisker (MBW@HA) was prepared following a chemical liquid deposition method. Subsequently, dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate (DDP) was grafted onto the surface of the composite particles to synthesize an inorganic–organic hybrid (MBW@HA–DDP). The structure, morphology, and composition of MBW@HA–DDP were well characterized. The results revealed the hybrid of MBW@HA–DDP was successfully synthesized characterized by a hydrophobic surface. Subsequently, the obtained MBW@HA–DDP was incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to fabricate flame retardant composites. The results revealed that the incorporation of MBW@HA–DDP significantly improved the fire safety of EP, for instance, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the EP composite with 10-phr MBW@HA–DDP added were reduced by 28.1% and 32.0%, respectively, accompanied with lower total smoke production (TSP) and smoke production rate (SPR). The improved fire safety was due to the barrier function of MBW and HA, and the dilution effect of water vapor generated from HA. Meanwhile, the phosphorus oxoacids generated from DDP could function as catalysts and increase the degree of graphitization of the char residues, thus protecting the matrix effectively. In relation to mechanical properties, the incorporation of MBW@HA–DDP did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of EP but improved them to some extent. The results presented herein help develop a novel strategy for developing flame retardants characterized by good flame-retardant behavior and improved mechanical properties. A novel hybrid containing dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate modified magnesium borate whisker/hydrated alumina (MBW@HA–DDP) was fabricated with good flame retardant and reinforcing properties for epoxy resin (EP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Shengjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Li Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
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5
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Dang L, Lv Z, Liu X. Influences of
4ZnO
·
B
2
O
3
·
H
2
O
whisker based intumescent flame retardant on the mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
| | - Zhihui Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University Xining China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Technology Research and Development Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lakes Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China
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Fouda A, Awad MA, Eid AM, Saied E, Barghoth MG, Hamza MF, Awad MF, Abdelbary S, Hassan SED. An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5096. [PMID: 34065835 PMCID: PMC8151347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective compounds to control diseases caused by microbes and insects are the main challenges. Herein, the magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) are successfully fabricated by harnessing the metabolites secreted by Penicillium chrysogenum. The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, DLS, EDX, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Data showed the successful formation of crystallographic, spherical, well-dispersed MgO-NPs with sizes of 7-40 nm at a maximum wavelength of 250 nm. The EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O ions as the main components with weight percentages of 13.62% and 7.76%, respectively. The activity of MgO-NPs as an antimicrobial agent was investigated against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, and exhibited zone of inhibitions of 12.0 ± 0.0, 12.7 ± 0.9, 23.3 ± 0.8, 17.7 ± 1.6, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm respectively, at 200 µg mL-1. The activity is decreased by decreasing the MgO-NPs concentration. The biogenic MgO-NPs exhibit high efficacy against different larvae instar and pupa of Anopheles stephensi, with LC50 values of 12.5-15.5 ppm for I-IV larvae instar and 16.5 ppm for the pupa. Additionally, 5 mg/cm2 of MgO-NPs showed the highest protection percentages against adults of Anopheles stephensi, with values of 100% for 150 min and 67.6% ± 1.4% for 210 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Awad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Ebrahim Saied
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed G. Barghoth
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed F. Hamza
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, Cairo POB 530, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salah Abdelbary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
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Hassan SED, Fouda A, Saied E, Farag MMS, Eid AM, Barghoth MG, Awad MA, Hamza MF, Awad MF. Rhizopus oryzae-Mediated Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NPs): A Promising Tool for Antimicrobial, Mosquitocidal Action, and Tanning Effluent Treatment. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:372. [PMID: 34068709 PMCID: PMC8150313 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolites of the fungal strain Rhizopus oryaze were used as a biocatalyst for the green-synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The production methodology was optimized to attain the maximum productivity as follows: 4 mM of precursor, at pH 8, incubation temperature of 35 °C, and reaction time of 36 h between metabolites and precursor. The as-formed MgO-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM-EDX, XRD, DLS, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. These analytical techniques proved to gain crystalline, homogenous, and well-dispersed spherical MgO-NPs with an average size of 20.38 ± 9.9 nm. The potentiality of MgO-NPs was dose- and time-dependent. The biogenic MgO-NPs was found to be a promising antimicrobial agent against the pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with inhibition zones of 10.6 ± 0.4, 11.5 ± 0.5, 13.7 ± 0.5, 14.3 ± 0.7, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, at 200 μg mL-1. Moreover, MgO-NPs manifested larvicidal and adult repellence activity against Culex pipiens at very low concentrations. The highest decolorization percentages of tanning effluents were 95.6 ± 1.6% at 100 µg/ 100 mL after 180 min. At this condition, the physicochemical parameters of tannery effluents, including TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, and conductivity were reduced with percentages of 97.9%, 98.2%, 87.8%, 95.9%, and 97.3%, respectively. Moreover, the chromium ion was adsorbed with percentages of 98.2% at optimum experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Ebrahim Saied
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Mohammed G. Barghoth
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Mohamed A. Awad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed F. Hamza
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, Cairo POB 530, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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8
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Wang G, Hu Z, Chang J, Guan Y, Zhang T, Bi W. Effect of Ion Corrosion on 517 Phase Stability. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245659. [PMID: 33322464 PMCID: PMC7763318 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main hydration product and source of strength of magnesium oxysulfate cement is 5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·7H2O (known as the 517 phase). Hardened pastes containing 92.38% of the 517 phase were synthesized in this study, and the influence of different types of chloride solutions on the stability and compressive strength of the 517 phase was investigated. X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method were used to investigate the 517 phase transition in chloride solutions. Ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry were used to analyze the ion concentrations of the chloride solutions. Scanning electron microscopy and mercury injection porosimetry were used to investigate the effect of ion erosion on the microstructure and pore size distribution. The results showed that the crystal structure of 517 phase remained stable upon immersion in chloride solutions (except for the CaCl2 solution) up to 28 days, and there was no discernible attenuation in the compressive strength of the hardened pastes. Immersion of the 517 phase in CaCl2 solution for 28 days caused Ca2+ ions to combine with SO42− groups to generate CaSO4·2H2O, thereby decomposing the 517 phase. An increase in the concentration of magnesium and sulfate ions in the immersion solutions confirmed the decomposition of the 517 phase. Gel-like Mg(OH)2 was observed in the microstructure of the decomposed 517 phase, and the decomposition of the 517 phase increased the porosity of the hardened pastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijia Wang
- Institute of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114031, China; (G.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Institute of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114031, China; (G.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jun Chang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yan Guan
- Institute of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114031, China; (G.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (T.Z.)
| | - Wanli Bi
- Institute of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114031, China; (G.W.); (Z.H.); (Y.G.)
- Research Institute of Keda Fengchi Magnesium Building Materials, Anshan 114031, China
- Correspondence:
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Meena M, Jacob J. Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahipal Meena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Josemon Jacob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
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Hu Z, Guan Y, Chang J, Bi W, Zhang T. Effect of Carbonation on the Water Resistance of Steel Slag-Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement Blends. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13215006. [PMID: 33172057 PMCID: PMC7664213 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement has the advantages of lightweightedness, high strength, and low thermal conductivity, but the utilization of MOS cement is limited due to low water resistance. This paper studied the influence of steel slag and CO2 treatment on the compressive strength and water resistance of MOS cement. The hydration products and microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the strength of MOS cement reached 89.7 MPa with steel slag and CO2 treatment; the water-resistance coefficients of the control and samples containing 10%, 20%, and 30% reached 0.91, 0.81, 1.01, and 1.08 MPa, respectively. The improvement in the strength and water resistance coefficients was because of carbonation that accelerated the hydration of C2S in the steel slag and formed a Ca-Mg-C amorphous substance. The carbonation products contributed to better water stability and denser matrix denser while inhibiting the hydration of MgO, which led to improving the water resistance of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Hu
- Institute of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114031, China; (Z.H.); (W.B.)
| | - Yan Guan
- Institute of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114031, China; (Z.H.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Chang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (T.Z.)
| | - Wanli Bi
- Institute of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114031, China; (Z.H.); (W.B.)
- Research Institute of Keda Fengchi Magnesium Building Materials, Anshan 114031, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (T.Z.)
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Seidi F, Movahedifar E, Naderi G, Akbari V, Ducos F, Shamsi R, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081701. [PMID: 32751298 PMCID: PMC7464193 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic known for high rigidity and crystallinity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, high flammability of PP has always been noticed by users as a constraint; therefore, a variety of additives has been examined to make PP flame-retardant. In this work, research papers on the flame retardancy of PP have been comprehensively reviewed, classified in terms of flame retardancy, and evaluated based on the universal dimensionless criterion of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). The classification of additives of well-known families, i.e., phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, mineral, carbon-based, bio-based, and hybrid flame retardants composed of two or more additives, was reflected in FRI mirror calculated from cone calorimetry data, whatever heat flux and sample thickness in a given series of samples. PP composites were categorized in terms of flame retardancy performance as Poor, Good, or Excellent cases. It also attempted to correlate other criteria like UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) with FRI values, giving a broad view of flame retardancy performance of PP composites. The collected data and the conclusions presented in this survey should help researchers working in the field to select the best additives among possibilities for making the PP sufficiently flame-retardant for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ghasem Naderi
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Vahideh Akbari
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
| | - Franck Ducos
- Université de Lorraine, IUT de Moselle Est, IUTSGM, 57600 Forbach, France;
| | - Ramin Shamsi
- Research and Development Center, Marun Petrochemical Company, Mahshahr 63531 69311, Iran;
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
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12
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Dang L, Lv Z, Du X, Tang D, Zhao Y, Zhu D, Xu S. Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of molybdenum trioxide doped magnesium hydrate in flexible polyvinyl chloride. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dang
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Zhihui Lv
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Xinliu Du
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Delin Tang
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Yuntian Zhao
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and AgricultureQinghai University Xining China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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13
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Dang L, Tang D, Du X, Zhao Y, Lv Z, Zhu D, Cui X. Synergistic effects of magnesium oxysulte whisker and multiwalled carbon nanotube on flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal properties of polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dang
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Delin Tang
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Xinliu Du
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Yuntian Zhao
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Zhihui Lv
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and AgricultureQinghai University Xining China
| | - Xiangmei Cui
- School of Chemical EngineeringQinghai University Xining China
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14
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Sengan M, Subramaniyan SB, Arul Prakash S, Kamlekar R, Veerappan A. Effective elimination of biofilm formed with waterborne pathogens using copper nanoparticles. Microb Pathog 2019; 127:341-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Wang N, Zhang M, Kang P, Zhang J, Fang Q, Li W. Synergistic Effect of Graphene Oxide and Mesoporous Structure on Flame Retardancy of Nature Rubber/IFR Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1005. [PMID: 29899305 PMCID: PMC6025052 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to improve the flame retardancy performance of natural rubber (NR), we developed a novel flame retardant synergistic agent through grafting of MCM-41 to graphene oxide (GO), named as GO-NH-MCM-41, as an assistant to intumescent flame retardants (IFR). The flame retardancy of NR/IFR/GO-NH-MCM-41 composites was evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimeter test. The LOI value of NR/IFR/GO-NH-MCM-41 reached 26.3%; the UL-94 ratings improved to a V-0 rating. Moreover, the addition of GO-NH-MCM-41 decreased the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR) of the natural rubber composites. Furthermore, the addition of GO-NH-MCM-41 increased the thickness of char residue. The images of SEM indicated the char residue was more compact and continuous. The degradation of GO-NH-MCM-41-based NR composites was completed with a mass loss of 35.57% at 600 °C. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of the NR/IFR/GO-NH-MCM-41 composites were 13.9 MPa and 496.7%, respectively. The results of the rubber process analyzer (RPA) reached the maximum value, probably due to a better network of fillers in the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Sino-Spanish Advanced Materials Institute, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Miao Zhang
- Sino-Spanish Advanced Materials Institute, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Ping Kang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Qinghong Fang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Wenda Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Lee HH, Nam D, Kim CK, Kim K, Lee Y, Ahn YJ, Lee JB, Kwak JH, Choe W, Choi NS, Hong SY. Molecular Engineered Safer Organic Battery through the Incorporation of Flame Retarding Organophosphonate Moiety. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10096-10101. [PMID: 29498505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the first electrochemical assessment of organophosphonate-based compound as a safe electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, which highlights the reversible redox activity and inherent flame retarding property. Dinickel 1,4-benzenediphosphonate delivers a high reversible capacity of 585 mA h g-1 with stable cycle performance. It expands the scope of organic batteries, which have been mainly dominated by the organic carbonyl family to date. The redox chemistry is elucidated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and solid-state 31P NMR investigations. Differential scanning calorimetry profiles of the lithiated electrode material exhibit suppressed heat release, delayed onset temperature, and endothermic behavior in the elevated temperature zone.
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17
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The Effects of a Macromolecular Charring Agent with Gas Phase and Condense Phase Synergistic Flame Retardant Capability on the Properties of PP/IFR Composites. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11010111. [PMID: 29324716 PMCID: PMC5793609 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), a novel macromolecular charring agent named poly(ethanediamine-1,3,5-triazine-p-4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) (PETAT) with gas phase and condense phase synergistic flame-retardant capability was synthesized and subsequently dispersed into polypropylene (PP) in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via a melt blending method. The chemical structure of PETAT was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the PETAT and IFR systems were tested by thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG) and thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame-retardant properties, water resistance, and structures of char residue in flame-retardant composites were characterized using tensile and flexural strength property tests, TGA, limiting oxygen index (LOI) values before and after soaking, underwritten laboratory-94 (UL-94) vertical burning test, cone calorimetric test (CCT), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDXS), and FTIR. The results indicated that PETAT was successfully synthesized, and when the ratio of APP to PETAT was 2:1 with 25 wt % loading, the novel IFR system could reduce the deterioration of tensile strength and enhance the flexural strength of composites. Meanwhile, the flame-retardant composite was able to pass the UL-94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 30.3%, and the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and material fire hazard values were considerably decreased compared with others. In addition, composites also exhibited excellent water resistance properties compared with traditional IFR composites. SEM-EDXS and FTIR analyses of the char residues, as well as TG-FTIR analyses of IFR were used to investigate the flame-retardant mechanism of the APP/PETAT IFR system. The results indicated that the efficient flame retardancy of PP/IFR composites could be attributed to the synergism of the free radical-quenching and char layer-protecting mechanisms in the gas phase and condense phase, respectively.
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18
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Zhu DY, Guo JW, Xian JX, Fu SQ. Novel sulfonate-containing halogen-free flame-retardants: effect of ternary and quaternary sulfonates centered on adamantane on the properties of polycarbonate composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two efficient sulfonate flame retardants based on adamantane endow PC composites with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jian Wei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jia Xing Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Shu Qin Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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