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Li J, Xu X, Ma X, Cui M, Wang X, Chen J, Zhu J, Chen J. Antimicrobial Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foam Derived from Lignin for Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1301-1310. [PMID: 38305746 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Medical dressings, as a cover for wounds, can replace damaged skin in the wound healing process to play a temporary barrier role, avoid or control wound infection, and provide a favorable environment for wound healing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for medical antimicrobial dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds. Although traditional polyurethane foam has been widely used in medical dressings, conventional polyurethane foams are primarily prepared using nonbiocompatible isocyanate-based compounds, which are potentially hazardous for both operators and applications in the medical field. Here, we propose nonisocyanate polyurethane foams naturally derived from lignin by enzymatic lignin alkylation, cyclic carbonation modification, and polymerization with diamine and the addition of a blowing agent. Silver nanoparticle solution was added during foaming to confer antimicrobial properties. This lignin-based nonisocyanate polyurethane/silver composite foam (named NIPU foam-silver) using a green synthesis method has good mechanical properties, which can be used to manufacture polyurethane/silver foams, and thermal and antimicrobial properties. Notably, NIPU foam-Ag showed more than 95% bactericidal efficacy against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus within 4 h. Evaluation of in vitro wounds in mice showed that this antimicrobial composite foam rapidly promotes wound healing and repairs damaged tissue. This suggests that this biobased biodegradable antimicrobial foam has significant scope for clinical applications in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaozhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Minghui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Shandong University Center for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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Białkowska A, Kucharczyk W, Zarzyka I, Hanulikova B, Masař M, Bakar M. Polylactide-Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethanes: Preparation, Properties Evaluation and Structure Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:253. [PMID: 38257051 PMCID: PMC10821433 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the successful synthesis and characterization of nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) based on polylactide. The NIPUs were synthesized by a condensation reaction of oligomers with hard segments (HSs) and synthesized carbamate-modified polylactic acid containing flexible segments (FSs). The oligomers with HSs were prepared from phenolsulfonic acid (PSA) or a mixture of PSA and hydroxynaphthalenesulfonic acid (HNSA), urea and formaldehyde. The mixing of oligomeric compounds with different amounts of formaldehyde was carried out at room temperature. Obtained NIPU samples with different hard segment content were tested for their mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength (TS) of all NIPU samples increased with an increasing amount of HSs, attaining the maximum value at an HS:FS ratio of 1:3. Samples prepared from PSA and HNSA showed higher tensile strength (TS) without significant change in elongation at break compared to the samples based only on PSA. Thermogravimetric analysis data indicated an absence of weight loss for all samples below 100 °C, which can be considered a safe temperature for using NIPU materials. Maximum degradation temperatures reached up to 385 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the existence of expected specific groups as well as the chemical structure of the prepared polyurethanes. DSC analysis showed the existence of two characteristic phase transitions attributed to the melting and crystallization of hard segments in the NIPU samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Białkowska
- Casimir Pulaski Radom University, 29 Malczewskiego Str., 26-610 Radom, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kucharczyk
- Casimir Pulaski Radom University, 29 Malczewskiego Str., 26-610 Radom, Poland;
| | - Iwona Zarzyka
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz University of Technology in Rzeszow, 12 Powstańców Warszawy Str., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Barbora Hanulikova
- Tomas Bata University, Tr. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (B.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Milan Masař
- Tomas Bata University, Tr. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (B.H.); (M.M.)
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Quinsaat JEQ, Feghali E, van de Pas DJ, Vendamme R, Torr KM. Preparation of Biobased Nonisocyanate Polyurethane/Epoxy Thermoset Materials Using Depolymerized Native Lignin. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4562-4573. [PMID: 36224101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane polymers are found in a wide range of material applications. However, the toxic nature of isocyanates used in their formulation is a major concern; hence, more environmentally friendly alternatives are of high interest in the search for new sustainable polymer materials. In this work, we present the preparation of isocyanate-free polyurethane/epoxy hybrid thermosets with a high biobased content (85-90 wt %). The isocyanate-free polyurethanes were based on polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) prepared from depolymerized native lignin, which we refer to as lignin hydrogenolysis oil (LHO). The LHO was functionalized with epichlorohydrin to yield the epoxidized structure (LHO-GE), which was in turn reacted with CO2 to form the cyclocarbonated species (LHO-CC). Blends of the LHO-CC and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDGE) were cured to produce hybrid PHU/epoxy (LHO-CC/GDGE) thermosets. Thermosetting materials with flexural moduli of 4.5 GPa and flexural strengths of 160 MPa were produced by optimizing the mass ratio of the two main components and the triamine hardener. These novel biobased hybrid materials outperformed the corresponding epoxy-only thermosets and comparable hybrid PHU/epoxy materials produced from petrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Feghali
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand.,Chemical Engineering Program, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh1211, Lebanon.,Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Vendamme
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium.,Department of Materials and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BrusselsB-1050, Belgium
| | - Kirk M Torr
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand
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Vieira FR, Magina S, Evtuguin DV, Barros-Timmons A. Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6182. [PMID: 36079563 PMCID: PMC9457695 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the pulp and paper industry generates around 50-70 million tons of lignin annually, which is mainly burned for energy recovery. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. This review encompasses available technologies to isolate lignin from pulping processes, the main approaches to convert solid lignin into a liquid polyol to produce bio-based polyurethanes, the challenges involving its characterization, and the current technology assessment. Despite the fact that PUs derived from bio-based polyols, such as lignin, are important in contributing to the circular economy, the use of isocyanate is a major environmental hot spot. Therefore, the main strategies that have been used to replace isocyanates to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) derived from lignin are also discussed.
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Nanocomposites of polyhydroxyurethane with nanocrystalline cellulose: Synthesis, thermomechanical and reprocessing properties. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sternberg J, Sequerth O, Pilla S. Green chemistry design in polymers derived from lignin: review and perspective. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
This review examines recent strategies, challenges, and future opportunities in preparing high-performance polymeric materials from lignin and its derivable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett F. Bass
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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Li L, Ge W, Zhao B, Adeel M, Mei H, Zheng S. Polyhydroxyurethane thermosets from novolac epoxide: Synthesis and its nanostructured blends with poly(trifluoroethylacrylate)-block-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sukumaran Nair A, Cherian S, Balachandran N, Panicker UG, Kalamblayil Sankaranarayanan SK. Hybrid Poly(hydroxy urethane)s: Folded-Sheet Morphology and Thermoreversible Adhesion. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13042-13051. [PMID: 31460431 PMCID: PMC6705089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid poly(hydroxy urethane)s (PHUs) are synthesized by copolymerizing aromatic/alicyclic cyclic carbonates with a polyether amine via addition polymerization. They result into polymers with an average molecular weight of 10 kDa and exhibit solubility in common organic solvents. The hybrid PHUs display T g up to 18 °C. PHUs are enriched with multiple H-bonded interactions and they are assessed using temperature-dependent 1H NMR and Fourier-transform infrared studies. PHUs possess folded-sheet morphology with nanogap between folds and nanowidth between chains. The secondary interactions bestow thermoreversible property to PHUs, and they display good adhesion to both polar (Al-Al) and nonpolar (HDPE-HDPE) substrates. Hybrid PHUs show improved optical transparency compared to homo PHUs. The PHUs are thermally stable up to 250 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Sukumaran Nair
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Group and Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics
Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
| | - Suchithra Cherian
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Group and Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics
Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
| | - Nisha Balachandran
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Group and Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics
Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
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Carré C, Ecochard Y, Caillol S, Avérous L. From the Synthesis of Biobased Cyclic Carbonate to Polyhydroxyurethanes: A Promising Route towards Renewable Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3410-3430. [PMID: 31099968 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With a global production of around 18 million tons (6th among all polymers) and a wide range of applications, such as rigid and soft foams, elastomers, coatings, and adhesives, polyurethanes (PUs) are a major polymer family. Nevertheless, they present important environmental and health issues. Recently, new and safer PUs, called non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), have become a promising alternative to replace conventional PUs. Sustainable routes towards NIPUs are discussed herein from the perspective of green chemistry. The main focus is on the reaction between biobased carbonates and amines, which offers an interesting pathway to renewable polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs). An overview of different routes for the synthesis of PHUs draws attention to the green synthesis of cyclic carbonate (CC) compounds and the aminolysis reaction. Current state-of-the-art of different biobased building blocks for the synthesis of PHUs focuses on CC compounds. Three classes of compounds are defined according to the feedstock: 1) vegetable fats and oils, 2) starch and sugar resources, and 3) wood derivatives. Finally, biobased PHU properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Carré
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Yvan Ecochard
- ICGM, UMR 5253-CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, UMR 5253-CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- ICGM, UMR 5253-CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 240 Avenue Emile Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Gupta
- Coatings Research InstituteEastern Michigan University Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA
| | - John Texter
- Coatings Research InstituteEastern Michigan University Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA
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Poly(hydroxyurethane)s with diethyl tartrate-based amide backbone by an isocyanate-free route: Use as adhesives. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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