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Miller RM, Sescil J, Sarcinella MC, Bailey RC, Wang W. Accessible and Generalizable in Vitro Luminescence Assay for Detecting GPCR Activation. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:337-343. [PMID: 37868356 PMCID: PMC10588934 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve critical physiological roles as the most abundant family of receptors. Here, we describe the design of a generalizable and cell lysate-based method that leverages the interaction between an agonist-activated GPCR and a conformation-specific binder to reconstitute split nanoluciferase (NanoLuc) in vitro. This tool, In vitro GPCR split NanoLuc ligand Triggered Reporter (IGNiTR), has broad applications. We have demonstrated IGNiTR's use with three Gs-coupled GPCRs, two Gi-coupled GPCRs and three classes of conformation-specific binders: nanobodies, miniG proteins, and G protein peptidomimetics. As an in vitro method, IGNiTR enables the use of synthetic G protein peptidomimetics and provides easily scalable and portable reagents for characterizing GPCRs and ligands. We tested three diverse applications of IGNiTR: (1) proof-of-concept GPCR ligand screening using dopamine receptor D1 IGNiTR; (2) detection of opioids for point-of-care testing; and (3) characterizing GPCR functionality during Nanodisc-based reconstitution processes. Due to IGNiTR's unique advantages and the convenience of its cell lysate-based format, this tool will find extensive applications in GPCR ligand detection, screening, and GPCR characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby M. Miller
- Life Sciences
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Sescil
- Life Sciences
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marina C. Sarcinella
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Life Sciences
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Olson KM, Campbell A, Alt A, Traynor JR. Finding the Perfect Fit: Conformational Biosensors to Determine the Efficacy of GPCR Ligands. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:694-709. [PMID: 36110374 PMCID: PMC9469492 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly druggable targets that adopt numerous conformations. A ligand's ability to stabilize specific conformation(s) of its cognate receptor determines its efficacy or ability to produce a biological response. Identifying ligands that produce different receptor conformations and potentially discrete pharmacological effects (e.g., biased agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators) is a major goal in drug discovery and necessary to develop drugs with better effectiveness and fewer side effects. Fortunately, direct measurements of ligand efficacy, via receptor conformational changes are possible with the recent development of conformational biosensors. In this review, we discuss classical efficacy models, including the two-state model, the ternary-complex model, and multistate models. We describe how nanobody-, transducer-, and receptor-based conformational biosensors detect and/or stabilize specific GPCR conformations to identify ligands with different levels of efficacy. In particular, conformational biosensors provide the potential to identify and/or characterize therapeutically desirable but often difficult to measure conformations of receptors faster and better than current methods. For drug discovery/development, several recent proof-of-principle studies have optimized conformational biosensors for high-throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, their widespread use is limited by the fact that few sensors are reliably capable of detecting low-frequency conformations and technically demanding assay conditions. Nonetheless, conformational biosensors do help identify desirable ligands such as allosteric modulators, biased ligands, or partial agonists in a single assay, representing a distinct advantage over classical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Olson
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andra Campbell
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew Alt
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
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3
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Olson KM, Traynor JR, Alt A. Allosteric Modulator Leads Hiding in Plain Site: Developing Peptide and Peptidomimetics as GPCR Allosteric Modulators. Front Chem 2021; 9:671483. [PMID: 34692635 PMCID: PMC8529114 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.671483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulators (AMs) of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are desirable drug targets because they can produce fewer on-target side effects, improved selectivity, and better biological specificity (e.g., biased signaling or probe dependence) than orthosteric drugs. An underappreciated source for identifying AM leads are peptides and proteins-many of which were evolutionarily selected as AMs-derived from endogenous protein-protein interactions (e.g., transducer/accessory proteins), intramolecular receptor contacts (e.g., pepducins or extracellular domains), endogenous peptides, and exogenous libraries (e.g., nanobodies or conotoxins). Peptides offer distinct advantages over small molecules, including high affinity, good tolerability, and good bioactivity, and specific disadvantages, including relatively poor metabolic stability and bioavailability. Peptidomimetics are molecules that combine the advantages of both peptides and small molecules by mimicking the peptide's chemical features responsible for bioactivity while improving its druggability. This review 1) discusses sources and strategies to identify peptide/peptidomimetic AMs, 2) overviews strategies to convert a peptide lead into more drug-like "peptidomimetic," and 3) critically analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and future directions of peptidomimetic AMs. While small molecules will and should play a vital role in AM drug discovery, peptidomimetics can complement and even exceed the advantages of small molecules, depending on the target, site, lead, and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrew Alt
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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4
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Mannes M, Martin C, Triest S, Pia Dimmito M, Mollica A, Laeremans T, Menet CJ, Ballet S. Development of Generic G Protein Peptidomimetics Able to Stabilize Active State G s Protein-Coupled Receptors for Application in Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10247-10254. [PMID: 33596327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent an important group of membrane proteins that play a central role in modern medicine. Unfortunately, conformational promiscuity hampers full therapeutic exploitation of GPCRs, since the largest population of the receptor will adopt a basal conformation, which subsequently challenges screens for agonist drug discovery programs. Herein, we describe a set of peptidomimetics able to mimic the ability of G proteins in stabilizing the active state of the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2 AR) and the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R). During fragment-based screening efforts, these (un)constrained peptide analogues of the α5 helix in Gs proteins, were able to identify agonism pre-imprinted fragments for the examined GPCRs, and as such, they behave as a generic tool, enabling an engagement in agonist earmarked discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mannes
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Triest
- Confo Therapeutics N.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 94, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Toon Laeremans
- Confo Therapeutics N.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 94, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christel J Menet
- Confo Therapeutics N.V., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 94, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Mannes M, Martin C, Triest S, Pia Dimmito M, Mollica A, Laeremans T, Menet CJ, Ballet S. Development of Generic G Protein Peptidomimetics Able to Stabilize Active State G
s
Protein‐Coupled Receptors for Application in Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mannes
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Sarah Triest
- Confo Therapeutics N.V. Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 94 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Toon Laeremans
- Confo Therapeutics N.V. Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 94 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christel J. Menet
- Confo Therapeutics N.V. Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 94 9052 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
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6
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Seven AB, Hilger D, Papasergi-Scott MM, Zhang L, Qu Q, Kobilka BK, Tall GG, Skiniotis G. Structures of Gα Proteins in Complex with Their Chaperone Reveal Quality Control Mechanisms. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3699-3709.e6. [PMID: 32126208 PMCID: PMC7192526 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chaperones promote nascent polypeptide folding followed by substrate release through ATP-dependent conformational changes. Here we show cryoEM structures of Gα subunit folding intermediates in complex with full-length Ric-8A, a unique chaperone-client system in which substrate release is facilitated by guanine nucleotide binding to the client G protein. The structures of Ric-8A-Gαi and Ric-8A-Gαq complexes reveal that the chaperone employs its extended C-terminal region to cradle the Ras-like domain of Gα, positioning the Ras core in contact with the Ric-8A core while engaging its switch2 nucleotide binding region. The C-terminal α5 helix of Gα is held away from the Ras-like domain through Ric-8A core domain interactions, which critically depend on recognition of the Gα C terminus by the chaperone. The structures, complemented with biochemical and cellular chaperoning data, support a folding quality control mechanism that ensures proper formation of the C-terminal α5 helix before allowing GTP-gated release of Gα from Ric-8A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpay Burak Seven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory G Tall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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Mahmod Al-Qattan MN, Mordi MN. Molecular Basis of Modulating Adenosine Receptors Activities. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:817-831. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190304122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Modulating cellular processes through extracellular chemical stimuli is medicinally an attractive approach to control disease conditions. GPCRs are the most important group of transmembranal receptors that produce different patterns of activations using intracellular mediators (such as G-proteins and Beta-arrestins). Adenosine receptors (ARs) belong to GPCR class and are divided into A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR and A3AR. ARs control different physiological activities thus considered valuable target to control neural, heart, inflammatory and other metabolic disorders. Targeting ARs using small molecules essentially works by binding orthosteric and/or allosteric sites of the receptors. Although targeting orthosteric site is considered typical to modulate receptor activity, allosteric sites provide better subtype selectivity, saturable modulation of activity and variable activation patterns. Each receptor exists in dynamical equilibrium between conformational ensembles. The equilibrium is affected by receptor interaction with other molecules. Changing the population of conformational ensembles of the receptor is the method by which orthosteric, allosteric and other cellular components control receptor signaling. Herein, the interactions of ARs with orthosteric, allosteric ligands as well as intracellular mediators are described. A quinary interaction model for the receptor is proposed and energy wells for major conformational ensembles are retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre For Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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Magtaan JK, Devocelle M, Kelleher F. Regeneration of aged DMF for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3139. [PMID: 30585396 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylformamide (DMF), which is still the most commonly used solvent for Fmoc-SPPS, has the potential for degradation over time on exposure to air (and water vapour) and storage, to give dimethylamine and formic acid impurities. In particular, dimethylamine can lead to unwanted deprotection of the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group during, for example, the initial loading of Fmoc amino acids in SPPS, which leads reduced calculated loading values. We have found that treatment of such aged DMF by simple sparging with an inert gas (N2 ), or vacuum sonication, can regenerate the DMF in order to restore loading levels back to those found for newer, fresh, DMF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Kevin Magtaan
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Group, Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Devocelle
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fintan Kelleher
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Group, Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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