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Bolat E, Sarıtaş S, Duman H, Eker F, Akdaşçi E, Karav S, Witkowska AM. Polyphenols: Secondary Metabolites with a Biological Impression. Nutrients 2024; 16:2550. [PMID: 39125431 PMCID: PMC11314462 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural compounds which are plant-based bioactive molecules, and have been the subject of growing interest in recent years. Characterized by multiple varieties, polyphenols are mostly found in fruits and vegetables. Currently, many diseases are waiting for a cure or a solution to reduce their symptoms. However, drug or other chemical strategies have limitations for using a treatment agent or still detection tool of many diseases, and thus researchers still need to investigate preventive or improving treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to elucidate polyphenols, their bioactivity effects, supplementation, and consumption. The disadvantage of polyphenols is that they have a limited bioavailability, although they have multiple beneficial outcomes with their bioactive roles. In this context, several different strategies have been developed to improve bioavailability, particularly liposomal and nanoparticles. As nutrition is one of the most important factors in improving health, the inclusion of plant-based molecules in the daily diet is significant and continues to be enthusiastically researched. Nutrition, which is important for individuals of all ages, is the key to the bioactivity of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Bolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye; (E.B.); (S.S.); (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Sümeyye Sarıtaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye; (E.B.); (S.S.); (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye; (E.B.); (S.S.); (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye; (E.B.); (S.S.); (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye; (E.B.); (S.S.); (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye; (E.B.); (S.S.); (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Bialystok Medical University, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Han XY, Han YR, Xu HY, Hu YW, Yan XY, Du GH, She ZF, Xiao B. The anti-rheumatoid arthritic activity of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. (traditional Chinese/Mongolian medicine) extract in collagen-induced arthritis in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae097. [PMID: 39066578 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seriously affects the daily life of people. The whole plant of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. (AOK) has been used in folk medicine. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-RA effects of AOK extract (AOKE) on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. METHODS AOKE (400, 200, or 100 mg/kg) was administered orally to animals for 30 days. Body weight, paw swelling, arthritis index, thymus, and spleen indices, and pathological changes were assessed for effects of AOKE on RA. Furthermore, the inflammatory cytokines in rat serum were detected. In addition, the expressions of STAT3, Caspase-3, Galectin-3, and S100A9 in synovial tissue were researched using immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS The AOKE significantly reduced the arthritis indices, paw swelling, spleen, and thymus indices. Meanwhile, AOKE (400 mg/kg) decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and increased the level of IL-10 in rat serum. Histopathological examination showed that AOKE reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and cartilage erosion. Then, AOKE decreased the expressions of STAT3, Galectin-3, S100A9, and increased the expression of Caspase-3. CONCLUSION AOKE had interesting anti-RA activity in rats, which deserved further research for the development and clinical use of this medicinal resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Han
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Ya-Ru Han
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Hao-Yu Xu
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Ya-Wei Hu
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yan
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhan-Fei She
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- General Clinical Research Center, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Chala D, Sabadashka M, Morozovych A, Krychowiak-Maśnicka M, Królicka A, Sybirna N. Immunomodulatory and antibacterial effect of red wine concentrate rich in a natural complex of polyphenols under diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116023. [PMID: 38104417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in immunocompetent cells influence the course of diabetes mellitus and contribute to its complications. Thus, correction of diabetes-induced immune system disorders is vital for normalizing the state of the organism. Red wine polyphenols due to their biological activities could be considered a potential remedy for correcting diabetes. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and the influence of red wine polyphenols on immune system in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We studied immunological parameters, i.e. quantity of white blood cells in peripheral blood and peritoneal macrophages, the bactericidal activity of phagocytes of blood, the activity of myeloperoxidase, and the level of cationic proteins in these cells after the administration of the polyphenol-rich red wine concentrate (PC concentrate) of known composition, obtained from Ukrainian wine, for 14th day to rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the PC concentrate was determined with the Broth Microdilution method. The PC concentrate normalized the quantity and functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages, and decreased the quantity of lymphocytes under diabetes, as well as possessed the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our results indicate the significant biological potential of the PC concentrate and its therapeutic relevance to correct diabetes-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariya Chala
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
| | - Mariya Sabadashka
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | | | - Marta Krychowiak-Maśnicka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG & MUG, Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG & MUG, Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Nataliia Sybirna
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskogo 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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Thongboontho R, Petcharat K, Munkong N, Khonthun C, Boondech A, Phromnoi K, Thim-uam A. Effects of Pogonatherum paniceum (Lamk) Hack extract on anti-mitochondrial DNA mediated inflammation by attenuating Tlr9 expression in LPS-induced macrophages. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:827-843. [PMID: 37780212 PMCID: PMC10522809 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.5.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial DNA leakage leads to inflammatory responses via endosome activation. This study aims to evaluate whether the perennial grass water extract (Pogonatherum panicum) ameliorate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage. MATERIALS/METHODS The major bioactive constituents of P. paniceum (PPW) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography, after which their antioxidant activities were assessed. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, resulting in mitochondrial damage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine the gene expression and cytokines. RESULTS Our results showed that PPW extract-treated activated cells significantly decrease reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels by reducing the p22phox and iNOS expression and lowering cytokine-encoding genes, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, PG-E2 and IFN-γ relative to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that LPS enhanced the mtDNA leaked into the cytoplasm, increasing the transcription of Tlr9 and signaling both MyD88/Irf7-dependent interferon and MyD88/NF-κb p65-dependent inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression but which was alleviated in the presence of PPW extract. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that PPW extract has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by facilitating mtDNA leakage and lowering the Tlr9 expression and signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungthip Thongboontho
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mae Ka 56000, Thailand
| | - Kanoktip Petcharat
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mae Ka 56000, Thailand
| | - Narongsuk Munkong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Mae Ka 56000, Thailand
| | - Chakkraphong Khonthun
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mae Ka 56000, Thailand
| | - Atirada Boondech
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Nakhon Chum 65000, Thailand
| | - Kanokkarn Phromnoi
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mae Ka 56000, Thailand
| | - Arthid Thim-uam
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mae Ka 56000, Thailand
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Zhou C, Hu L, Mu R, Mei X, Wu X, Wang C, Zhou X. Compound green tea (CGT) regulates lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced mice. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24301-24310. [PMID: 36128535 PMCID: PMC9412714 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02831j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to study the effect of compound green tea (CGT) on liver lipid metabolism in mice based on metabolomics of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and preliminarily identify potential biomarkers and pathways of action by using a metabonomic network database to explore the lipid-lowering effect of CGT. In this study, forty mice were randomly divided into four groups: compound tea treatment group (DH), high-fat model control group (NK), normal control group (CK) and positive drug group (YK). After a month of different interventions, the mice were weighed and the blood lipid indexes were detected. In addition, differential liver metabolites were monitored by using LC-MS. The results showed that CGT and positive drug treatment were able to decrease body weight, liver coefficient, TC, TG and LDL levels of obese mice, while increasing HDL levels. Among the 110 compounds obtained, 54 metabolites were significantly altered in the four comparisons. More importantly, 15 remarkably downregulated metabolites involved in Lysopc 16:1, Lysopc 18:1, and Lysopc 18:2 were found in the DH group when the mice were treated with CGT; meanwhile, the positive drug Xuezhikang was able to significantly downregulate 14 compounds, including (±)18-HEPE, and 6 keto-PGF1α, compared with the NK group. Besides, KEGG enrichment analysis also revealed the important metabolic pathways, such as linoleic acid metabolism, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and α-linolenic acid metabolism, were related to fatty acid metabolism. These results suggested that CGT could regulate the lipid metabolism in the liver of hyperlipidemia mice, and may regulate 54 potential biomarkers in mice through a related metabolic pathway to make them return to a normal state and improve the disorder of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibi Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Liuhong Hu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
| | - Xin Mei
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
| | - Xingli Wu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
| | - Chuanming Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guizhou 550000 China
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities 5 Jianjiang Avenue Middle Section Duyun Guizhou 558000 China
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
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Xu X, Wei Y, Hua H, Jing X, Zhu H, Xiao K, Zhao J, Liu Y. Polyphenols Sourced from Ilex latifolia Thunb. Relieve Intestinal Injury via Modulating Ferroptosis in Weanling Piglets under Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050966. [PMID: 35624829 PMCID: PMC9137833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols sourced from Ilex latifolia Thunb. (PIT) contain high levels of phenolic acids, tannic acids, triterpenoids and so on, which play important roles in antioxidant function. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PIT against intestinal injury in piglets under oxidative stress. Thirty-two weanling piglets were arranged by a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with diets (basal diet vs. PIT diet) and oxidative stress (saline vs. diquat). All piglets were injected with saline or diquat on d 21, respectively. After 7 days, all pigs were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. PIT enhanced jejunal villus heights and crypt depth in the piglets under oxidative stress. PIT increased the activities of intestinal mucosal lactase, sucrase and maltase in the challenged piglets. PIT also increased the jejunal ratio of protein to DNA and ileal protein content. PIT increased the jejunal activities of GSH-PX and GSH content and reduced the ileal MDA amounts. Furthermore, PIT regulated the expression of ferroptosis mediators, such as TFR1, HSPB1, SLC7A11 and GPX4. These results indicate that dietary PIT supplementation enhances the histological structure and function of the intestinal mucosa, which is involved in modulating antioxidant capacity and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yu Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongwei Hua
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqing Jing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, NC 72701, USA
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.); (H.H.); (X.J.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8395-6175
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Gonçalves AC, Flores-Félix JD, Coutinho P, Alves G, Silva LR. Zimbro ( Juniperus communis L.) as a Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds and Biomedical Activities: A Review on Recent Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3197. [PMID: 35328621 PMCID: PMC8952110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived products and their extracted compounds have been used in folk medicine since early times. Zimbro or common juniper (Juniperus communis) is traditionally used to treat renal suppression, acute and chronic cystitis, bladder catarrh, albuminuria, leucorrhea, and amenorrhea. These uses are mainly attributed to its bioactive composition, which is very rich in phenolics, terpenoids, organic acids, alkaloids, and volatile compounds. In the last few years, several studies have analyzed the huge potential of this evergreen shrub, describing a wide range of activities with relevance in different biomedical discipline areas, namely antimicrobial potential against human pathogens and foodborne microorganisms, notorious antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, and neuroprotective action, as well as antiproliferative ability against cancer cells and the ability to activate inductive hepato-, renal- and gastroprotective mechanisms. Owing to these promising activities, extracts and bioactive compounds of juniper could be useful for the development of new pharmacological applications in the treatment of several acute and chronic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Gonçalves AC, Costa AR, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:268. [PMID: 35011501 PMCID: PMC8747005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana R. Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - José D. Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.C.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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9
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Augusti PR, Conterato GMM, Denardin CC, Prazeres ID, Serra AT, Bronze MR, Emanuelli T. Bioactivity, bioavailability, and gut microbiota transformations of dietary phenolic compounds: implications for COVID-19. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108787. [PMID: 34089819 PMCID: PMC8169570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of mysterious pneumonia at the end of 2019 is associated with widespread research interest worldwide. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) targets multiple organs through inflammatory, immune, and redox mechanisms, and no effective drug for its prophylaxis or treatment has been identified until now. The use of dietary bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds (PC), has emerged as a putative nutritional or therapeutic adjunct approach for COVID-19. In the present study, scientific data on the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of PC and their usefulness in COVID-19 mitigation are reviewed. In addition, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of dietary PC are studied. Moreover, the implications of digestion on the putative benefits of dietary PC against COVID-19 are presented by addressing the bioavailability and biotransformation of PC by the gut microbiota. Lastly, safety issues and possible drug interactions of PC and their implications in COVID-19 therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Augusti
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Greicy M M Conterato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Agricultura, Biodiversidade e Floresta, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus de Curitibanos, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Inês D Prazeres
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria R Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal; iMED, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Núcleo Integrado de Desenvolvimento em Análises Laboratoriais (NIDAL), Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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10
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Li C, Chen S, Sha J, Cui J, He J, Fu J, Shen Y. Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. and evaluation of their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2349-2363. [PMID: 34026054 PMCID: PMC8116873 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits and promising medical treatment potential of total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (TFELDC) have been recognized. The process parameters of extracting total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. by ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) were optimized, and they were purified by AB-8 macroporous resin in the current study. In addition, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the purified TFELDC (PTFELDC) were evaluated. The results showed that the optimal parameters of UMSE were as follows: ethanol volume fraction 71.5%, L/S ratio 12.2 ml/g, microwave power 318 W, and extraction time 143 s. After TFELDC were purified by AB-8 macroporous resin, the total flavonoid contents of PTFELDC increased from 208.18 ± 1.60 to 511.19 ± 3.21 mg RE/g FDS. Compared with TFELDC, the content of total flavonoids in PTFELDC was increased by 2.46 times. The antioxidant activities of PTFELDC were assessed using DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, and the IC50 values were found to be 37.13, 19.62, 81.22, and 24.72 μg/ml, respectively. The enzyme inhibitory activities of PTFELDC were measured using lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase assays with the IC50 values 1.38, 2.08, 1.63, and 0.58 mg/ml, respectively. By comparing with their positive controls, it was found that PTFELDC had good antioxidant activities, and lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, However, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was relatively weaker. These results suggested that PTFELDC have a promising potential as natural antioxidant, antilipidemic, and hypoglycemic drugs used in functional foods or pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Shanglong Chen
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Jin Sha
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Jue Cui
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Juping He
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Junning Fu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
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11
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Pedreiro S, da Ressurreição S, Lopes M, Cruz MT, Batista T, Figueirinha A, Ramos F. Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia Leaves: Nutritional Profile, Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E151. [PMID: 33379308 PMCID: PMC7796387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Cv) of Asteraceae family is used as food and in traditional medicine. However there are no studies on its nutritional value, phenolic composition and biological activities. In the present work, a nutritional analysis of Cv leaves was performed and its phenolic content and biological properties evaluated. The nutritional profile was achieved by gas chromatography (GC). A 70% ethanolic extract was prepared and characterized by HLPC-PDA-ESI/MSn. The quantification of chicoric acid was determined by HPLC-PDA. Subsequently, it was evaluated its antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory activity and cellular viability was assessed in Raw 264.7 macrophages. On wet weight basis, carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrients (9.99%), followed by minerals (2.74%) (mainly K, Ca and Na), protein (1.04%) and lipids (0.69%), with a low energetic contribution (175.19 KJ/100 g). The Cv extract is constituted essentially by phenolic acids as caffeic, ferulic and quinic acid derivatives being the major phenolic constituent chicoric acid (130.5 mg/g extract). The extract exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays and inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS (IC50 = 0.428 ± 0.007 mg/mL) without cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested. Conclusions: Given the nutritional and phenolic profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Cv could be a promising useful source of functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Pedreiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.T.C.); (T.B.); (F.R.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandrine da Ressurreição
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.T.C.); (T.B.); (F.R.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.T.C.); (T.B.); (F.R.)
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Batista
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.T.C.); (T.B.); (F.R.)
- CIEPQPF, FFUC, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.T.C.); (T.B.); (F.R.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.L.); (M.T.C.); (T.B.); (F.R.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Wüpper S, Lüersen K, Rimbach G. Chemical Composition, Bioactivity and Safety Aspects of Kuding Tea-From Beverage to Herbal Extract. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2796. [PMID: 32932672 PMCID: PMC7551553 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kuding tea (KT) is a bitter-tasting herbal tea that has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The large-leaved Ku-Ding-Cha (Aquifoliaceae) is composed of its representative species Ilex latifolia Thunb and Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng. Because of its potential lipid-lowering, body weight-reducing and blood-glucose-lowering properties, KT has increasingly been recognised for its importance over the past several decades. KT is no longer used only as a beverage, and various extraction methods have been applied to obtain aqueous and ethanolic KT extracts (KTE) or their fractions, which could potentially be used as dietary supplements. The major bioactive components of KT are triterpene saponins and polyphenols, but the composition of KT differs substantially between and among the different KT species. This in turn might affect the physiological effects of KT. KT exhibits antiobesity properties, possibly partly by affecting the intestinal microbiota. In addition, KT may mediate putative antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, there is evidence that high KTE supplementation can adversely affect liver metabolism. The physiological relevance of KT in humans remains rather unclear since the potential health benefits of KT and its constituents reviewed here are mainly derived on the basis of in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wüpper
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (K.L.); (G.R.)
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13
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Xiao B, Wang JH, Zhou CY, Chen JM, Zhang N, Zhao N, Han XY, Niu YX, Feng YB, Du GH. Ethno-medicinal study of Artemisia ordosica Krasch. (traditional Chinese/Mongolian medicine) extracts for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and nasosinusitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112262. [PMID: 31585162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia ordosica Krasch. (AOK) has been used for rheumatic arthritis, cold headache, sore throat, etc. in traditional Chinese/Mongolian medicine and is used for nasosinusitis by local Mongolian "barefoot" doctors. Up to now, their mechanisms are still unclear. AIM To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and allergic rhinitis (AR) alleviating effect as well as in vitro antimicrobial activities of AOK extracts to verify its ethno-medicinal claims. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude extracts (methanol/95%-ethanol/ethyl acetate) of AOK root/stem/leaf and fractions (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/n-butanol/aqueous) of AOK root extract were prepared. Xylene-induced ear swelling model in mouse and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR model in guinea pig were established. Ear swelling degrees of mice were measured. The numbers of rubbing movement and sneezes of guinea pigs were counted to evaluate the symptoms of AR. The serum levels of histamine, INF-γ, IL-2/4/10, and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA assay. The histological changes of nasal mucosa were investigated by light microscope after H&E staining. Antimicrobial activities of AOK extracts were also tested. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to characterize the constituents of active extract and molecular docking was conducted to predict the biological mechanism. RESULTS In ear-swelling model, extract (100.00 mg/kg) from the ethyl acetate layer of 95% ethanol (100.00 mg/kg) showed better swelling inhibition in mice than positive control (dexamethasone, 191.91 mg/kg). In AR model, extract from the ethyl acetate layer of 95% ethanol significantly alleviated the AR symptoms in guinea pigs, decreased the serum levels of histamine, INF-γ, IL-2/4/10, and VCAM-1, and reduced the infiltration of eosinophil in nasal mucosa. For Staphylococcus aureus, the ethyl acetate extract of AOK stem showed the highest inhibition (MIC=1.25 mg/mL), for Escherichia coli, n-butanol layer of 95% ethanol extract of AOK root showed the highest inhibition (MIC=15.00 mg/mL), for Candida glabrata, 95%-ethyl acetate extract of AOK leaf showed the best inhibition (MIC=0.064 mg/mL), while ethyl acetate and n-butanol layers showed similar inhibition on MRSA (MIC=7.50 mg/mL). LC-MS/MS characterization showed that dicaffeoylquinic acids account for more than 30% of ethyl acetate layer of AOK extract. Dicaffeoylquinic acids bind with histamine-1 receptor with high affinities and interesting modes. CONCLUSIONS Extracts from AOK had interesting anti-inflammatory activity in mice, alleviating effect against OVA-induced AR in guinea pigs, and antimicrobial activities in vitro, which support the ethno-medicinal use of it. The main constituents in ethyl acetate layer of AOK root extract are dicaffeoylquinic acids and could bind with histamine-1 receptor well. These findings highlighted the importance of natural product chemistry study of AOK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 WuSi Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jun-Miao Chen
- China Asia Pacific Application Support Center, AB SCIEX, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Han
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Niu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, 017000, China
| | - Yu-Bao Feng
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, 017000, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of an anti-diabetic polysaccharide extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum herb. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:484-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Zhang Y, Lan M, Lü JP, Li JF, Zhang KY, Zhi H, Zhang H, Sun JM. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols Extracted from Chroogomphus rutilus. Chem Biodivers 2019; 17:e1900479. [PMID: 31667925 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chroogomphus rutilus is a rare fungal species that grows under pine trees and is now widely used as a functional food and pharmaceutical product. However, the chemical constituents and biological activities of Chroogomphus rutilus have been relatively limited. The present study aimed at determining the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents, biological activities and main phenolic compounds of Chroogomphus rutilus from different geographical origins at the stipe and pileus. The results suggested that Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts revealed a higher antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, and there were significant differences between samples from different locations and regions. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were significantly correlated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, only the content of total flavonoids was significantly correlated with cytotoxicity, which means that the cytotoxicity of Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts may be regulated by flavonoids or other compounds. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that the main phenolic compound was protocatechuic acid, followed by baicalin, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, but comparing with the pileus extracts, the stipe extracts can be considered as a higher concentration of phenolic compounds. Therefore, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Chroogomphus rutilus polyphenol extracts could be due to the identified compounds. This study investigated a deep knowledge about the constituents and activities of Chroogomphus rutilus and provided the reference for its application in food and pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Meng Lan
- Jilin Xin Shui Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Peng Lü
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Feng Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yue Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ming Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China
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16
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Daliri EB, Kim S, Park B, Kim H, Kim J, Kim HS, Oh D. Effects of different processing methods on the antioxidant and immune stimulating abilities of garlic. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1222-1229. [PMID: 31024695 PMCID: PMC6475743 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the antioxidant and immune stimulating abilities of a garlic product developed by freeze drying, heat drying, and solid-state fermentation of heat-dried garlic. Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC21004 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC13302 were used for the sample fermentation. The optimum conditions for fermentation were 50% (v/w) moisture, a fermentation time of 48 hr and a temperature of 37°C. Heat-dried garlic samples fermented with L. plantarum KCTC21004 (HD21004) and L. mesenteroides KCTC13302 (HD13302) showed the highest flavonoid contents while heat-dried garlic (HD) had the lowest flavonoid content. HD21004 contained the highest phenolic compounds, showed the highest antioxidant activity and demonstrated a strong immune stimulating effect while freeze-dried garlic showed the lowest flavonoid and polyphenolic contents. Overall, the heat-dried garlic samples (fermented and unfermented) contained about three times more S-Allylcysteine (SAC) than the freeze-dried samples (FD). The current study demonstrates that heat drying and subsequent fermentation of garlic with L. plantarum KCTC21004 can improve its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Se‐Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Byun‐Jae Park
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | - Hee‐Sung Kim
- Daoom CompanySacheon City, Gyeongsangnam‐doSouth Korea
| | - Jung‐Mi Kim
- Daoom CompanySacheon City, Gyeongsangnam‐doSouth Korea
| | - Hyong Seo Kim
- Daoom CompanySacheon City, Gyeongsangnam‐doSouth Korea
| | - Deog‐Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
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17
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Zhang Y, Chi-Yan Cheng B, Xie R, Xu B, Gao XY, Luo G. Re-Du-Ning inhalation solution exerts suppressive effect on the secretion of inflammatory mediators via inhibiting IKKα/β/IκBα/NF-κB, MAPKs/AP-1, and TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8912-8925. [PMID: 35517648 PMCID: PMC9062024 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Re-Du-Ning inhalation solution (RIS) is a novel preparation derived from the Re-Du-Ning injection, which has been clinically used to treat respiratory diseases such as pneumonia for more than twenty years in China. However, scant reports have been issued on its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Aim: we investigated the suppressive effect of RIS on inflammatory mediators and explored the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: RIS freeze dried powder was characterized by HPLC analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage was selected as the cell model. The cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay. Moreover, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by the Griess reaction. The protein secretions from inflammatory mediators were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein levels and enzyme activities were examined by Western blotting. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), AP-1, and IRF3 was further explored by immunofluorescence assay. Results: the viability of the RAW 264.7 cells was not significantly changed after 24 h incubation with RIS concentration up to 400 μg mL-1. The RIS remarkably reduced the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and downregulated the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and chemokines (MCP-1, CCL-5, and MIP-1α) in the culture medium were significantly decreased by the RIS treatment. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of IκB-α, IKKα/β, TBK1, ERK, p38, JNK, NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was downregulated by the RIS treatment. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was also inhibited after the RIS treatment. Conclusion: the suppressive effect of RIS is associated with the regulated NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 and their upstream proteins. This study provides a pharmacological basis for the application of RIS in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102 China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 999077 China
- Quality Healthcare Medical Services Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Ran Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science Beijing 100700 China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102 China
| | - Xiao Yan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102 China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102 China
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18
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Wan P, Xie M, Chen G, Dai Z, Hu B, Zeng X, Sun Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of dicaffeoylquinic acids from Ilex kudingcha on lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 macrophages and potential mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:332-342. [PMID: 30654100 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that dicaffeoylquinic acids (DiCQAs) have anti-inflammatory activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of DiCQAs are still unclear. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of DiCQAs from the leaves of Ilex kudingcha and the potential molecular mechanisms on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophage cells were investigated. The results showed that pretreatment with DiCQAs could suppress the production of NO, PGE2 and also pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and the mRNA expression of two major inflammatory mediators of COX-2 and iNOS. The phosphorylated IκBα, ERK, JNK and p38 proteins in LPS-treated cells were significantly increased, which could be reversed by pretreatment with DiCQAs in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, the results suggest that DiCQAs from I. kudingcha have potent anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways and may be a prophylactic for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minhao Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhuqing Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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19
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Gan RY, Zhang D, Wang M, Corke H. Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from the Genus Ilex, a Source of Traditional Caffeinated Beverages. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1682. [PMID: 30400635 PMCID: PMC6265843 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea and coffee are caffeinated beverages commonly consumed around the world in daily life. Tea from Camellia sinensis is widely available and is a good source of caffeine and other bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols and carotenoids). Other tea-like beverages, such as those from the genus Ilex, the large-leaved Kudingcha (Ilex latifolia Thunb and Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng), Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil), Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria), and Guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes) are also traditional drinks, with lesser overall usage, but have attracted much recent attention and have been subjected to further study. This review summarizes the distribution, composition, and health benefits of caffeinated beverages from the genus Ilex. Plants of this genus mainly contain polyphenols and alkaloids, and show diverse health benefits, which, as well as supporting their further popularization as beverages, may also lead to potential applications in the pharmaceutical or nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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