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Ganguli A, Bhatt V, Yagodnitsyna A, Pinjari D, Pandit A. A Review of Pressure Drop and Mixing Characteristics in Passive Mixers Involving Miscible Liquids. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:691. [PMID: 38930661 PMCID: PMC11205423 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the recent studies carried out in passive micromixers for understanding the hydrodynamics and transport phenomena of miscible liquid-liquid (LL) systems in terms of pressure drop and mixing indices. First, the passive micromixers have been categorized based on the type of complexity in shape, size, and configuration. It is observed that the use of different aspect ratios of the microchannel width, presence of obstructions, flow and operating conditions, and fluid properties majorly affect the mixing characteristics and pressure drop in passive micromixers. A regime map for the micromixer selection based on optimization of mixing index (MI) and pressure drop has been identified based on the literature data for the Reynolds number (Re) range (1 ≤ Re ≤ 100). The map comprehensively summarizes the favorable, moderately favorable, or non-operable regimes of a micromixer. Further, regions for special applications of complex micromixer shapes and micromixers operating at low Re have been identified. Similarly, the operable limits for a micromixer based on pressure drop for Re range 0.1 < Re < 100,000 have been identified. A comparison of measured pressure drop with fundamentally derived analytical expressions show that Category 3 and 4 micromixers mostly have higher pressure drops, except for a few efficient ones. An MI regime map comprising diffusion, chaotic advection, and mixed advection-dominated zones has also been devised. An empirical correlation for pressure drop as a function of Reynolds number has been developed and a corresponding friction factor has been obtained. Predictions on heat and mass transfer based on analogies in micromixers have also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ganguli
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad 380009, India;
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; (D.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Viraj Bhatt
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad 380009, India;
| | | | - Dipak Pinjari
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; (D.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aniruddha Pandit
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; (D.P.); (A.P.)
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2
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Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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3
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Zhu K, Pursch M, Huygens B, Eeltink S, Desmet G. Minimize Precolumn Band Broadening with Immiscible Solvent Sandwich Injection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15311-15317. [PMID: 37797306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the possibility of reducing the effect of precolumn band broadening (PreCBB) by sandwiching the sample between two small plugs of an immiscible liquid. It has been found that in cases of severe PreCBB, improvements in peak efficiency can amount up to 20 times for the early-eluting compounds. For smaller degrees of PreCBB, the gain on the efficiency of early-eluting compounds is smaller (order of 50%), yet it is still significant. It has been verified that the presence of the immiscible fluid sandwich does not affect the repeatability of the analysis nor the linearity of the calibration curves used for analyte quantitation. It is also shown that the main effect of the two sandwich plugs is the minimization of the dispersion in the precolumn transfer tubing itself, which makes the method fundamentally different from pure on-column focusing methods such as the performance optimizing injection sequence (POISe) method. It is further demonstrated that both halves of the sandwich are needed, since the beneficial effect is clearly much smaller when only one plug is present. A drawback of the method is that some of the late-eluting peaks are slightly adversely affected by the presence of the sandwich liquid in the case where 127 μm i.d. tubing was used. The mechanism for this peak deterioration effect is at present still unclear but only occurs under gradient conditions and is clearly linked to the size of the sandwich plugs (the smaller the plugs, the smaller the adverse effect) and the internal diameter of the tubing used between the injection valve and the column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudi Zhu
- IFF, Pharma Solutions, 1801 Larkin Center Drive, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Matthias Pursch
- Dow Deutschland Anlagen GmbH, Analytical Science, 65201 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Bram Huygens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
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4
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Ghosh AB, Atta A. Mixing Enhancement of Newtonian Liquids in a Curvature Induced Split and Recombine Micromixer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amritendu Bhuson Ghosh
- Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (mCFD) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Arnab Atta
- Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics (mCFD) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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5
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Cao W, Yang Q, Wang QMD. Numerical simulation of vortex flow evolution during droplet formation in T-inlet microchannel. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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6
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Yang L, Sun Y, Zhang L. Microreactor Technology: Identifying Focus Fields and Emerging Trends by Using CiteSpace II. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200349. [PMID: 36482287 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microreactors have gained widespread attention from academia and industrial researchers due to their exceptionally fast mass and heat transfer and flexible control. In this work, CiteSpace software was used to systematically analyze the relevant literature to gain a comprehensively understand on the research status of microreactors in various fields. The results show that the research depth and application scope of microreactors are continuing to expand. The top 10 most popular research fields are photochemistry, pharmaceutical intermediates, multistep flow synthesis, mass transfer, computational fluid dynamics, μ-TAS (micro total analysis system), nanoparticles, biocatalysis, hydrogen production, and solid-supported reagents. The evolution trends of current focus areas are examined, including photochemistry, mass transfer, biocatalysis and hydrogen production and their milestone literature is analyzed in detail. This article demonstrates the development of different fields of microreactors technology and highlights the unending opportunities and challenges offered by this fascinating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- School of Economics and Management, School of Intellectual Property, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Sun
- School of Economics and Management, School of Intellectual Property, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Lan Z, Lu Y. Micromixing Intensification within a Combination of T-Type Micromixer and Micropacked Bed. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:45. [PMID: 36677105 PMCID: PMC9866573 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The combination of microstructural units is an effective strategy to improve the micromixing of liquid phase systems, especially viscous systems. However, how the microstructural combination influences micromixing is still not systematically investigated. In this work, the Villermaux/Dushman reaction is used to study the micromixing performance of the viscous system of the glycerol-water in the combination of a T-type micromixer and a micropacked bed. Micromixing performances under various structural parameters and fluid characteristics are determined and summarized, and the micromixing laws are revealed by dimensionless analysis considering the specific spatial characteristics and temporal sequence in the combined microstructures. It achieves good agreement with experimental results and enables guidance for the design and scaling-up of the combined T-type micromixer and micropacked bed towards micromixing intensification in viscous reaction systems.
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8
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Chen TY, Hsiao YW, Baker-Fales M, Cameli F, Dimitrakellis P, Vlachos DG. Microflow chemistry and its electrification for sustainable chemical manufacturing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10644-10685. [PMID: 36320706 PMCID: PMC9491096 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01684b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability is vital in solving global societal problems. Still, it requires a holistic view by considering renewable energy and carbon sources, recycling waste streams, environmentally friendly resource extraction and handling, and green manufacturing. Flow chemistry at the microscale can enable continuous sustainable manufacturing by opening up new operating windows, precise residence time control, enhanced mixing and transport, improved yield and productivity, and inherent safety. Furthermore, integrating microfluidic systems with alternative energy sources, such as microwaves and plasmas, offers tremendous promise for electrifying and intensifying modular and distributed chemical processing. This review provides an overview of microflow chemistry, electrification, their integration toward sustainable manufacturing, and their application to biomass upgrade (a select number of other processes are also touched upon). Finally, we identify critical areas for future research, such as matching technology to the scale of the application, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Yung Wei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Montgomery Baker-Fales
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Fabio Cameli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Panagiotis Dimitrakellis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware 150 Academy Street Newark Delaware 19716 USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware 221 Academy St. Newark Delaware 19716 USA
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9
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Effect of dilution on the performance of ionic liquids in milliflow solvent extraction applications: Towards integration of extraction, scrubbing and stripping operations with in-line membrane-based phase separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Guo S, Zhu GK, Zhan LW, Li BD. Kinetics and safeties of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol nitration in a capillary-microreactor. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Continuous synthesis of dolutegravir sodium crystals using liquid-gas heterogeneous microreactor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Zong J, Yue J. Continuous Solid Particle Flow in Microreactors for Efficient Chemical Conversion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Sheng L, Chen Y, Deng J, Luo G. Ideality analysis and general laws of bubble swarm microflow for large-scale gas-liquid microreaction processes. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Chen TY, Baker-Fales M, Goyal H, Vlachos DG. Microwave Heating-Induced Temperature Gradients in Liquid–Liquid Biphasic Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Montgomery Baker-Fales
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Himanshu Goyal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, and Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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15
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Song J, Du C, Wang J, Cui Y, Wang Y, Deng J, Luo G. A novel observation platform for determining the micro-dispersion performance in practical reaction systems. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00224h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel observation platform by placing the downstream observation window vertically has been constructed, and the actual micro-dispersion state can be exactly reflected in the observation window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chencan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongjin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Chen J, Xie X, Liu J, Yu Z, Su W. Revisiting aromatic diazotization and aryl diazonium salts in continuous flow: highlighted research during 2001–2021. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium salts play an important role in chemical transformations; however their explosive nature limits their applications in batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqun Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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17
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Song J, Cui Y, Luo G, Deng J, Wang Y. Kinetic study of o-nitrotoluene nitration in a homogeneously continuous microflow. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Determination of nitration kinetics of o-nitrotoluene with a homogeneously continuous microflow system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongjin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Cui K, Huang K. Controlling flow patterns and its evolution behavior in microchannel for intensified separation of rare-earth and Al(III) ions: Hints from the hydrodynamics parameters. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Chen Z, Xiong Q, Li S, Wang Y, Xu J. Experimental investigation of dynamic mass transfer during droplet formation using micro-LIF in a coaxial microchannel. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Inagawa A, Saito K, Fukuyama M, Numata M, Uehara N. Geometrical pH mapping of Microfluids by principal-component-analysis-based xyz-spectrum conversion method. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1182:338952. [PMID: 34602207 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The absorption spectra of bromothymol blue (BTB) solution introduced in microfluidic devices were reproduced by principal component analysis (PCA)-based xyz-spectrum conversion methods for geometric mapping of the pH values of fluids. We fabricated PDMS-made microfluidic devices with a channel depth of 1 mm to overcome the lower detection limits of transmittance image acquisition. Aqueous solutions of pH indicators under various pH conditions were hydrodynamically introduced into the channel, and RGB values of the region of interest (ROI) were obtained via image analysis. The xyz values were then converted into absorption spectral data of the pH indicator using the PCA-based spectral reproduction previously proposed by the authors. The high reproducibility of the spectra was confirmed to be comparable to that of the conventional method using a spectrophotometer. We applied the present method to elucidate the pH gradient at an aqueous biphasic interface in the microfluidic channels generated by contacting multiple laminar flows of two or three buffered solutions. We confirmed that the pH gradient ranged from approximately 70 to 140 μm, which is consistent with the results reported using other approaches. The results demonstrate the applicability of the present method to the fluctuation field in micro/nanospaces to acquire spectrophotometric information in the order of milliseconds without monochromating equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinori Inagawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
| | - Kana Saito
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Mao Fukuyama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-5877, Japan
| | - Munenori Numata
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuo Uehara
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
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21
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Xu Q, Liu JM, Yao H, Zhao J, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhou J, Yu Z, Su W. Insight into Fundamental Rules of Phenylenediamines Selective Monoacylation by the Comparisons of Kinetic Characteristics in Microreactor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Ji Ming Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Hongmiao Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Jinyang Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Zhikuo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Junli Liu
- Zhejiang Apeloa Kangyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Dongyang 322100 China
| | - Jiadi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Zhiqun Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Weike Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
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22
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Jiang M, Liu M, Yu C, Cheng D, Chen F. Fully Continuous Flow Synthesis of 3-Chloro-4-oxopentyl Acetate: An Important Intermediate for Vitamin B1. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meifen Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Ma H, Zhao Q, Yao C, Zhao Y, Chen G. Effect of fluid viscosities on the liquid-liquid slug flow and pressure drop in a rectangular microreactor. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Wang N, Allgeier AM, Weatherley LR. Electrospray-Based Flow Reaction System for Intensified Transfer Hydrogenation of Acetophenone. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Alan M. Allgeier
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Laurence R. Weatherley
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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25
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Feng Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Yang Y. Performance Evaluation and Scale-Up Behavior of an Engineered In-Line Mixer for 3D Printing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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26
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Vereycken W, van Stee J, Riaño S, Van Gerven T, Binnemans K. Non-equilibrium solvent extraction in milliflow reactors: Precious and base metal separations with undiluted ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Liquid-Liquid Flows with Non-Newtonian Dispersed Phase in a T-Junction Microchannel. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030335. [PMID: 33809906 PMCID: PMC8004156 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immiscible liquid–liquid flows in microchannels are used extensively in various chemical and biological lab-on-a-chip systems when it is very important to predict the expected flow pattern for a variety of fluids and channel geometries. Commonly, biological and other complex liquids express non-Newtonian properties in a dispersed phase. Features and behavior of such systems are not clear to date. In this paper, immiscible liquid–liquid flow in a T-shaped microchannel was studied by means of high-speed visualization, with an aim to reveal the shear-thinning effect on the flow patterns and slug-flow features. Three shear-thinning and three Newtonian fluids were used as dispersed phases, while Newtonian castor oil was a continuous phase. For the first time, the influence of the non-Newtonian dispersed phase on the transition from segmented to continuous flow is shown and quantitatively described. Flow-pattern maps were constructed using nondimensional complex We0.4·Oh0.6 depicting similarity in the continuous-to-segmented flow transition line. Using available experimental data, the proposed nondimensional complex is shown to be effectively applied for flow-pattern map construction when the continuous phase exhibits non-Newtonian properties as well. The models to evaluate an effective dynamic viscosity of a shear-thinning fluid are discussed. The most appropriate model of average-shear-rate estimation based on bulk velocity was chosen and applied to evaluate an effective dynamic viscosity of a shear-thinning fluid. For a slug flow, it was found that in the case of shear-thinning dispersed phase at low flow rates of both phases, a jetting regime of slug formation was established, leading to a dramatic increase in slug length.
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28
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Chen TY, Desir P, Bracconi M, Saha B, Maestri M, Vlachos DG. Liquid–Liquid Microfluidic Flows for Ultrafast 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural Extraction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Pierre Desir
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Mauro Bracconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Basudeb Saha
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, RAPID Manufacturing Institute, Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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29
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Lan Z, Lu Y. Continuous nitration of o-dichlorobenzene in micropacked-bed reactor: process design and modelling. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Lan Z, Lu Y. An intensified chlorination process of 4-nitroaniline in a liquid–liquid microflow system. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy of dissolving chlorine gas in 1,2-dichloroethane for a liquid–liquid two-phase chlorination reaction was proposed to resolve the problems of low efficiency, strong corrosivity, and poor controllability of gas–liquid chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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31
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Two-phase flow and mass transfer in microchannels: A review from local mechanism to global models. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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33
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Kovalev AV, Yagodnitsyna AA, Bilsky AV. Viscosity Ratio Influence on Liquid‐Liquid Flow in a T‐shaped Microchannel. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Kovalev
- Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS Lavrentieva ave., 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Department of Physics Pirogova, 2 <630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Anna A. Yagodnitsyna
- Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS Lavrentieva ave., 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Department of Physics Pirogova, 2 <630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Artur V. Bilsky
- Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS Lavrentieva ave., 1 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Department of Physics Pirogova, 2 <630090 Novosibirsk Russia
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34
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Yao C, Ma H, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Chen G. Mass transfer in liquid-liquid Taylor flow in a microchannel: Local concentration distribution, mass transfer regime and the effect of fluid viscosity. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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35
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Tang XF, Zhao JN, Wu YF, Zheng ZH, Ma CF, Yu ZY, Yun L, Liu GZ, Meng QW. Asymmetric α-hydroxylation of β-dicarbonyl compounds by C-2′ modified cinchonine-derived phase-transfer catalysts in batch and flow microreactors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1781183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
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36
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Continuous, homogeneous and rapid synthesis of 4-bromo-3-methylanisole in a modular microreaction system. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Shen C, Zheng Q, Shang M, Zha L, Su Y. Using deep learning to recognize liquid–liquid flow patterns in microchannels. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Qibo Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Minjing Shang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Li Zha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanhai Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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38
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Asano S, Takahashi Y, Maki T, Muranaka Y, Cherkasov N, Mae K. Contactless mass transfer for intra-droplet extraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7685. [PMID: 32376922 PMCID: PMC7203142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the possibility of “contactless” mass transfer between two aqueous slugs (droplets) separated by an oil slug in Taylor flow inside milli-channels. Separation of the alternating aqueous slugs at the outlet was performed by switching a couple of solenoid valves at branched outlets according to signals obtained by an optical sensor at the branch. Transfer of bromothymol blue (BTB) from acidic to basic aqueous slugs was performed for demonstration. In some cases, aqueous slugs separated by oil, merged catching on each other due to the velocity difference. Interfacial tension which was affected by the solute concentration was responsible for the velocity difference. Position-specific mass transfer activity at the rear end of the aqueous slugs was found on the course of the experiment. A meandering channel decreased the velocity difference and enhanced mass transfer. Almost complete (93%) transfer of BTB was achieved within a short residence time of several minutes under optimized conditions. The presented system opens a way for advanced separation using minimum amounts of the oil phase and allows concentrating the solute by altering relative lengths of the sender and receiver slugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Asano
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Taisuke Maki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Muranaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nikolay Cherkasov
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiro Mae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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39
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Sui J, Yan J, Liu D, Wang K, Luo G. Continuous Synthesis of Nanocrystals via Flow Chemistry Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902828. [PMID: 31755221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern nanotechnologies bring humanity to a new age, and advanced methods for preparing functional nanocrystals are cornerstones. A considerable variety of nanomaterials has been created over the past decades, but few were prepared on the macro scale, even fewer making it to the stage of industrial production. The gap between academic research and engineering production is expected to be filled by flow chemistry technology, which relies on microreactors. Microreaction devices and technologies for synthesizing different kinds of nanocrystals are discussed from an engineering point of view. The advantages of microreactors, the important features of flow chemistry systems, and methods to apply them in the syntheses of salt, oxide, metal, alloy, and quantum dot nanomaterials are summarized. To further exhibit the scaling-up of nanocrystal synthesis, recent reports on using microreactors with gram per hour and larger production rates are highlighted. Finally, an industrial example for preparing 10 tons of CaCO3 nanoparticles per day is introduced, which shows the great potential for flow chemistry processes to transfer lab research to industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Sui
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Di Liu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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40
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Reproducing absorption spectra of pH indicators from RGB values of microscopic images. Talanta 2020; 216:120952. [PMID: 32456926 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Absorption spectra of pH indicators in aqueous solutions were reproduced from RGB values of microscopic images utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and linear algebraic treatments. The reproduction of absorption spectra comprises the following three steps: (1) determining the loading spectra by PCA, (2) determining the conversion matrix from the RGB values to the score vectors, and (3) reproducing the absorption spectra by linear combination of the loading spectra and the score vectors. The reproducibility of the absorption spectra was demonstrated by employing bromothymol blue and methyl red solutions as pH indicators. The reproduced spectra of both indicators were in good agreement with the spectra measured with a conventional spectrophotometer. The pKa values of both indicators calculated from the reproduced spectra are in good agreement with those obtained from the spectrophotometric spectra and the literature values, confirming validity of the reproduction. This approach was applied to measure pH of freeze concentrated solutions in micro drains formed in ice. A change in pH was successfully observed on freezing and was compared with that reported in previous literature. Since this method does not necessitate the use of grating systems, spectral changes can be traced in milliseconds; this elucidates the phenomena occurring in fluctuating fields.
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41
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Cheng D, Chen FE. Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Wittig Reaction in Liquid–Liquid Slug-Flow Microchannels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center for Catalysis and Synthesis of Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering & Technology Research Center for Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center for Catalysis and Synthesis of Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering & Technology Research Center for Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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42
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Yao C, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Zhang Q, Chen G. The effect of liquid viscosity and modeling of mass transfer in gas–liquid slug flow in a rectangular microchannel. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Hydrocarbon Transformation and UtilizationCollege of Chemistry & Chem Eng, Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Jia Zheng
- School of ScienceDalian Maritime University Dalian China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
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43
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Manipulation of gas-liquid-liquid systems in continuous flow microreactors for efficient reaction processes. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGas-liquid-liquid flow in microreactors holds great potential towards process intensification of operation in multiphase systems, particularly by a precise control over the three-phase contact patterns and the associated mass transfer enhancement. This work reviews the manipulation of gas-liquid-liquid three-phase flow in microreactors for carrying out efficient reaction processes, including gas-liquid-liquid reactions with catalysts residing in either liquid phase, coupling of a gas-liquid reaction with the liquid-liquid extraction, inert gas assisted liquid-liquid reactions and particle synthesis under three-phase flow. Microreactors are shown to be able to provide well-defined flow patterns and enhanced gas-liquid/liquid-liquid mass transfer rates towards the optimized system performance. The interplay between hydrodynamics and mass transfer, as well as its influence on the overall microreactor system performance is discussed. Meanwhile, future perspectives regarding the scale-up of gas-liquid-liquid microreactors in order to meet the industrial needs and their potential applications especially in biobased chemicals and fuels synthesis are further addressed.
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44
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Huo F, Lu Y. Homogeneous synthesis of hydroxylamine hydrochloride via acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of nitromethane. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00468h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A continuous homogeneous synthesis of NH2OH·HCl was achieved and well described with a segmented semi-empirical kinetics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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45
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Campbell ZS, Abolhasani M. Facile synthesis of anhydrous microparticles using plug-and-play microfluidic reactors. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic materials synthesis techniques are an ideal approach for controlled synthesis of anhydrous microparticles. In this article, we highlight the recent developments using plug-and-play microreactors for anhydrous microparticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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46
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Desir P, Chen TY, Bracconi M, Saha B, Maestri M, Vlachos DG. Experiments and computations of microfluidic liquid–liquid flow patterns. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00332k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A high accuracy model is built using machine learning to predict flow patterns, providing a powerful tool for continuous flow microreactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Desir
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Delaware 19716
- USA
| | - Tai-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Delaware 19716
- USA
| | - Mauro Bracconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes
- Dipartimento di Energia
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20156 Milano
- Italy
| | - Basudeb Saha
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- Delaware 19716
- USA
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes
- Dipartimento di Energia
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20156 Milano
- Italy
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Delaware 19716
- USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
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47
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Li W, Xia F, Zhao S, Zhang M, Li W, Zhang J. Characterization of liquid–liquid mass transfer performance in a novel pore‐array intensified tube‐in‐tube microchannel. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Fengshun Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Minqing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShihezi University Shihezi China
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Chen J, Song W, Xu D. Compact Steam-Methane Reforming for the Production of Hydrogen in Continuous Flow Microreactor Systems. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15600-15614. [PMID: 31572861 PMCID: PMC6761760 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of fuel cell deployment requires efficient conversion of fuels into hydrogen in a distributed energy system. Fortunately, continuous flow and microreactor technology provide unique opportunities for the portable production of hydrogen. This study focuses on determining the operation space for a thermally integrated methane reforming system, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of such systems. The steam-methane reforming over rhodium coupled with methane combustion over platinum in a thermally integrated microchannel reactor arranged with rectangular-shaped protuberances was studied numerically in order to improve its operability and stability. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were carried out with detailed reaction mechanisms to identify conditions for the maximum hydrogen yield and the highest output power. Various operating lines were presented, and various performance metrics were evaluated accordingly. The results indicated that the efficient production of hydrogen is made possible through improving transport performance for highly active catalysts. The flow disturbance elements designed for the reactor are of great benefit to intensification of the reforming process. There exists a trade-off between fuel utilization and output power. Autothermal operation advantages from improved transport performance in small physical dimensions were demonstrated for the system, but careful thermal management is always necessary to ensure its efficient and stable operation. The thermal conductivity of the wall separating the exothermic and endothermic reactions plays a significant role in determining the performance of the system. Highly active catalysts are required to intensify the overall reforming process and to achieve efficient thermal management. Adjustment of fluid velocities can serve as a convenient means to achieve efficient operation of the system.
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Yu W, Liu X, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Droplet generation hydrodynamics in the microfluidic cross-junction with different junction angles. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Asano S, Yatabe S, Maki T, Mae K. Numerical and Experimental Quantification of the Performance of Microreactors for Scaling-up Fast Chemical Reactions. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Asano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6158510, Japan
| | - Shota Yatabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6158510, Japan
| | - Taisuke Maki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6158510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6158510, Japan
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