1
|
Dominique NL, Chandran A, Jensen IM, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Unmasking the Electrochemical Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold. Chemistry 2023:e202303681. [PMID: 38116819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers are transforming electrocatalysis and biosensor design via their increased performance and stability. Despite their increasing use in electrochemical systems, the integrity of the NHC monolayer during voltage perturbations remains largely unknown. Herein, we deploy surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure the stability of two model NHCs on gold in ambient conditions as a function of applied potential and under continuous voltammetric interrogation. Our results illustrate that NHC monolayers exhibit electrochemical stability over a wide voltage window (-1 V to 0.5 V vs Ag|AgCl), but they are found to degrade at strongly reducing (< -1 V) or oxidizing (>0.5 V) potentials. We also address NHC monolayer stability under continuous voltammetric interrogation between 0.2 V and -0.5 V, a commonly used voltage window for sensing, showing they are stable for up to 43 hours. However, we additionally find that modifications of the backbone NHC structure can lead to significantly shorter operational lifetimes. While these results highlight the potential of NHC architectures for electrode functionalization, they also reveal potential pitfalls that have not been fully appreciated in electrochemical applications of NHCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
| | - Aruna Chandran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
| | - Isabel M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN-37996
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN-37996
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN-46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo B, Wang W, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. Hot-Electron Dynamics Mediated Medical Diagnosis and Therapy. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10808-10833. [PMID: 37603096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance excitation significantly enhances the absorption of light and increases the generation of "hot" electrons, i.e., conducting electrons that are raised from their steady states to excited states. These excited electrons rapidly decay and equilibrate via radiative and nonradiative damping over several hundred femtoseconds. During the hot-electron dynamics, from their generation to the ultimate nonradiative decay, the electromagnetic field enhancement, hot electron density increase, and local heating effect are sequentially induced. Over the past decade, these physical phenomena have attracted considerable attention in the biomedical field, e.g., the rapid and accurate identification of biomolecules, precise synthesis and release of drugs, and elimination of tumors. This review highlights the recent developments in the application of hot-electron dynamics in medical diagnosis and therapy, particularly fully integrated device techniques with good application prospects. In addition, we discuss the latest experimental and theoretical studies of underlying mechanisms. From a practical standpoint, the pioneering modeling analyses and quantitative measurements in the extreme near field are summarized to illustrate the quantification of hot-electron dynamics. Finally, the prospects and remaining challenges associated with biomedical engineering based on hot-electron dynamics are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Service Behavior and Structural Safety of Petroleum Pipe and Equipment Materials, CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute (TGRI), Xi'an 710077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding Y, Sun Z, Gao Y, Zhang S, Yang C, Qian Z, Jin L, Zhang J, Zeng C, Mao Z, Wang W. Plasmon-Driven Catalytic Chemotherapy Augments Cancer Immunotherapy through Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death and Blockage of IDO Pathway. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102188. [PMID: 34278622 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials confirm the combination of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) blockade and immunogenic chemotherapy represents a brilliant future in cancer therapy. However, it remains challenging to precisely activate chemo-immunotherapy in situ to avoid side effects from the systemic administrations and reverse the poor immunogenicity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor sites. Herein, a hybrid nanomedicine ("RPMANB NPs") to co-deliver an IDO inhibitor (NLG919) and a chemotherapeutic prodrug to amplify the therapeutic benefits are designed. Attributed to the delicate surface engineering, the RPMANB NPs possess excellent pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation. The loaded NLG919 are released inside cancer tissues/cells due to the collapse of the metal-organic framework platform triggered by the highly concentrated phosphate, reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by suppressing IDO activity. The potent chemotherapeutic drug is precisely activated through a highly efficient plasmon-driven catalysis in the presence of near-infrared light, eliciting antitumor immunity by triggering immunogenic cell death and avoiding side effects through in situ activation of chemotherapy. In vivo studies demonstrate that the chemo-immunotherapy greatly suppresses the tumor growth by promoting intratumoral accumulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and downregulating regulatory T cells. This work establishes a robust delivery platform to overcome the current obstacles of tumor treatments by combining precisely activatable chemotherapy with immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhefeng Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imperatore C, Varriale A, Rivieccio E, Pennacchio A, Staiano M, D’Auria S, Casertano M, Altucci C, Valadan M, Singh M, Menna M, Varra M. Spectroscopic Properties of Two 5'-(4-Dimethylamino)Azobenzene Conjugated G-Quadruplex Forming Oligonucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7103. [PMID: 32993097 PMCID: PMC7582650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two 5'-end (4-dimethylamino)azobenzene conjugated G-quadruplex forming aptamers, the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) and the HIV-1 integrase aptamer (T30695), was performed. Their structural behavior was investigated by means of UV, CD, fluorescence spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis techniques in K+-containing buffers and water-ethanol blends. Particularly, we observed that the presence of the 5'-(4-dimethylamino)azobenzene moiety leads TBA to form multimers instead of the typical monomolecular chair-like G-quadruplex and almost hampers T30695 G-quadruplex monomers to dimerize. Fluorescence studies evidenced that both the conjugated G-quadruplexes possess unique fluorescence features when excited at wavelengths corresponding to the UV absorption of the conjugated moiety. Furthermore, a preliminary investigation of the trans-cis conversion of the dye incorporated at the 5'-end of TBA and T30695 showed that, unlike the free dye, in K+-containing water-ethanol-triethylamine blend the trans-to-cis conversion was almost undetectable by means of a standard UV spectrophotometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Imperatore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (E.R.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonio Varriale
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.V.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Elisa Rivieccio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (E.R.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Angela Pennacchio
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.V.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Maria Staiano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.V.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sabato D’Auria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.V.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Marcello Casertano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (E.R.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Carlo Altucci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21—Building 6, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (M.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammadhassan Valadan
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21—Building 6, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (M.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Manjot Singh
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21—Building 6, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (M.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (E.R.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Michela Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.I.); (E.R.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu X, Trujillo MJ, Olson JE, Camden JP. SERS Sensors: Recent Developments and a Generalized Classification Scheme Based on the Signal Origin. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:147-169. [PMID: 29547340 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its extreme sensitivity and easy execution, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) now finds application for a wide variety of problems requiring sensitive and targeted analyte detection. This widespread application has prompted a proliferation of different SERS-based sensors, suggesting the need for a framework to classify existing methods and guide the development of new techniques. After a brief discussion of the general SERS modalities, we classify SERS-based sensors according the origin of the signal. Three major categories emerge from this analysis: surface-affinity strategy, SERS-tag strategy, and probe-mediated strategy. For each case, we describe the mechanism of action, give selected examples, and point out general misconceptions to aid the construction of new devices. We hope this review serves as a useful tutorial guide and helps readers to better classify and design practical and effective SERS-based sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA;
| | - Michael J Trujillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA;
| | - Jacob E Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA;
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma C, Fu K, Trujillo MJ, Gu X, Baig N, Bohn PW, Camden JP. In Situ Probing of Laser Annealing of Plasmonic Substrates with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:11031-11037. [PMID: 31073354 PMCID: PMC6503518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we in situ monitor the laser annealing of template-fabricated silver substrates using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) as a molecular probe. The annealing process, which exhibits a strong dependence on the laser power, yields a large (>50×) increase in the SERS of the immobilized 4-MBA. This increased SERS response is correlated with the changing substrate morphology using optical and scanning electron microscope images. We attribute the large enhancement to the formation of nanogaps facilitated by binding of the 4-MBA through both thiol and COO- groups in a sandwich structure, resulting in both electromagnetic and chemical enhancement. This annealing effect, associated with the continuous increase of SERS intensity, was not limited to the AgNP arrays but included Ag films deposited on a variety of nanoporous templates. This study provides a simple strategy for in situ optimization of plasmonic SERS substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Michael J Trujillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Nameera Baig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|