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Chen S, Sun Y, Fan F, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Meng X, Lin JM. Present status of microfluidic PCR chip in nucleic acid detection and future perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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2
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Shi Y, Hou X, Yu S, Pan X, Yang M, Hu J, Wang X. Targeted delivery of doxorubicin into tumor cells to decrease the in vivo toxicity of glutathione-sensitive prodrug-poloxamer188-b-polycaprolactone nanoparticles and improve their anti-tumor activities. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Shi Z, Liu J, Tian L, Li J, Gao Y, Xing Y, Yan W, Hua C, Xie X, Liu C, Liang C. Insights into stimuli-responsive diselenide bonds utilized in drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113707. [PMID: 36122520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the complexity and particularity of cancer cell microenvironments, redox responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) for cancer therapy have been extensively explored. Compared with widely reported cancer treatment systems based on disulfide bonds, diselenide bonds have better redox properties and greater anticancer efficiency. In this review, the significance and application of diselenide bonds in DDSs are summarized, and the stimulation sensitivity of diselenide bonds is comprehensively reported. The potential and prospects for the application of diselenide bonds in next-generation anticancer drug treatment systems are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery Center, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, PR China.
| | - Jifang Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Jingyi Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Yue Xing
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Chenyu Hua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Xi'an 710025, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519030, PR China.
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
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4
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Li Y, Lu S, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Xiong L. Multifunctional Imaging of Vessels, Brown Adipose Tissue, and Bones in the Visible and Second Near-infrared Region Using Dual-Emitting Polymer Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37504-37513. [PMID: 35970519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dual-emitting polymer dots (dual-Pdots) in the visible and second near-infrared (NIR-II) region can facilitate the high-resolution imaging of the fine structure and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in in vivo imaging. Herein, combining high brightness of Pdots and multi-scale imaging, we synthesized dual-Pdots using a simple nano-coprecipitation method and performed multi-functional imaging of vessels, brown adipose tissue, and bones. Results showed that in vivo blood vessel imaging had a high resolution of up to 5.9 μm and bone imaging had a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.9. Moreover, dual-Pdots can accumulate in the interscapular brown adipose tissue within 2 min with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.8. In addition, the prepared dual-Pdots can image the lymphatic valves and the frequency of contraction. Our study provides a feasible method of using Pdots as nanoprobes for multi-scale imaging in the fields of metabolic disorders, skeletal system diseases, and circulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Lu
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Juxiang Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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5
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Khan WU, Qin L, Alam A, Zhou P, Peng Y, Wang Y. Fluorescent Carbon Dots an Effective Nano-Thermometer in Vitro Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5786-5796. [PMID: 35006753 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent sensing of temperature in nanoscale regions has many advantages and applications in the biological field. Herein, blue emitting carbon dots (CDs) are designed and successfully developed using a one step hydrothermal method. As synthesized CDs exhibit temperature dependent photoluminescent (PL) intensity and PL decay lifetime over the physiological temperature ranging from room temperature (RT) to 70 °C. The PL intensity and PL decay lifetime of the obtained CDs correlate linearly to temperature (RT-70 °C) with correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.996, respectively. Additionally, dual mode thermal sensing (PL intensity/lifetime) make these CDs a promising optical nanothermometer over alternative semiconductors quantum dots and CD-based quantum dots. Moreover, the resultant aqueous CDs demonstrate excitation-independent blue emission, and the PL quantum yield (QY) is reached at 44.5%. The obtained CDs illustrate stable performance to high ionic environments and photobleaching even after keeping them for 2 h under continues UV irradiation. Furthermore, blue emitting CDs have low cytotoxicity for T-ca. cells and illuminate deep blue fluorescence under the excitation of 406 nm. As a result, high thermal sensitivity of these fluorescent CDs has potential to detect temperature in living cells in the range of 25-40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Ullah Khan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Optical-Conversion Materials and Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Liying Qin
- School of Stomotology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Abid Alam
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Optical-Conversion Materials and Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Stomotology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscope Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Optical-Conversion Materials and Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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6
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Wang N, Liu C, Yao W, Zhou H, Yu S, Chen H, Qiao W. Endogenous reactive oxygen species burst induced and spatiotemporally controlled multiple drug release by traceable nanoparticles for enhancing antitumor efficacy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4968-4983. [PMID: 34085682 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only used as a therapeutic reagent in chemodynamic therapy (CDT), to stimulate the release of antineoplastic drugs, they can also be used to achieve a combined effect of CDT and chemotherapy to enhance anticancer effects. Herein, we synthesized a pH-responsive prodrug (PEG2k-NH-N-DOX), ROS-responsive prodrug (PEG2k-S-S-CPT-ROS), organic CDT agents (TPP-PEG2k-LND, TPP-PEG2k-TOS), and T1-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (Gd-DTPA-N16-16), and used them to encapsulate combrestatinA4 (CA4) to prepare traceable pH/ROS dual-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles (TLDCAG NPs) with endogenous ROS burst and spatiotemporally controlled multiple drug release ability. Firstly, TLDCAG NPs were accumulated in the tumor cell microenvironment via an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Secondly, CA4 was released and specifically destroyed angiogenesis to facilitate the interaction between the tumor and the remaining TLDCG NPs. After accumulating in tumor cells, the TLDCG NPs could be destroyed under acidic conditions to quickly release doxorubicin (DOX), TPP-PEG2k-LND, and TPP-PEG2k-TOS. Thirdly, TPP-PEG2k-LND and TPP-PEG2k-TOS quickly targeted mitochondria, induced endogenous ROS bursts, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced tumor cell apoptosis. Endogenous ROS can not only be used as a therapeutic reagent for CDT, but also can cut off the thioketal bond in PEG2k-S-S-CPT-ROS and release camptothecin (CPT). Finally, TLDCAG NPs were traced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, in vitro and vivo results indicate that the TLDCAG NPs have vigorous antitumor activity and negligible systemic toxicity. Therefore, the TLDCAG NPs provide an efficient strategy for enhancing antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Chenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Weihe Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Hengjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Simiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Hailiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Weihong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
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7
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Mitochondria-targeted ROS- and GSH-responsive diselenide-crosslinked polymer dots for programmable paclitaxel release. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Baoxi Feng, Guo Z, Gai L, Zhou J. Tetrabromothiophene-Derived Sulfur-Containing Polymer Dots with Deep-Blue Luminescence and High Sensitivity to Fe3+. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Li Y, Yang Y, Tang S, Zhang Y, Li X, Guan W, Ma F, Zhang C, Xiong L. High-Resolution Imaging of the Lymphatic Vascular System in Living Mice/Rats Using Dual-Modal Polymer Dots. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3877-3885. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yidian Yang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Tang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Guan
- Department of Pathology, XinHua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, XinHua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Zeglio E, Rutz AL, Winkler TE, Malliaras GG, Herland A. Conjugated Polymers for Assessing and Controlling Biological Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806712. [PMID: 30861237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic bioelectronics is advancing rapidly in the development of materials and devices to precisely monitor and control biological signals. Electronics and biology can interact on multiple levels: organs, complex tissues, cells, cell membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. Compared to traditional electronic materials such as metals and inorganic semiconductors, conjugated polymers (CPs) have several key advantages for biological interactions: tunable physiochemical properties, adjustable form factors, and mixed conductivity (ionic and electronic). Herein, the use of CPs in five biologically oriented research topics, electrophysiology, tissue engineering, drug release, biosensing, and molecular bioelectronics, is discussed. In electrophysiology, implantable devices with CP coating or CP-only electrodes are showing improvements in signal performance and tissue interfaces. CP-based scaffolds supply highly favorable static or even dynamic interfaces for tissue engineering. CPs also enable delivery of drugs through a variety of mechanisms and form factors. For biosensing, CPs offer new possibilities to incorporate biological sensing elements in a conducting matrix. Molecular bioelectronics is today used to incorporate (opto)electronic functions in living tissue. Under each topic, the limits of the utility of CPs are discussed and, overall, the major challenges toward implementation of CPs and their devices to real-world applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zeglio
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Thomas E Winkler
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Anna Herland
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Fluorescent Polymer Dots for Tracking SKOV3 Cells in Living Mice with Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:1026-1033. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Khan WU, Wang D, Wang Y. Highly Green Emissive Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots with Excellent Thermal Stability for Bioimaging and Solid-State LED. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15229-15239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Ullah Khan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Optical-Conversion Materials and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Deyin Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Optical-Conversion Materials and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Optical-Conversion Materials and Technology & School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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13
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pH-responsive mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites/chitosan core-shell nanodisks loaded with doxorubicin against osteosarcoma. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 85:142-153. [PMID: 29407142 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral or intravenous chemotherapy is an important strategy to treat metastatic cancer, but it may cause systemic toxicity for healthy tissue. Herein, we for the first time fabricated mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites/chitosan core-shell nanodisks loaded with doxorubicin (ZSM-5/CS/DOX) as drug delivery systems against osteosarcoma. The mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites exhibited disk-like shapes with thicknesses of 100nm and diameters of 300nm, and the mesopores with pore sizes of 3.75nm were originated from desilication treatment. The pH-responsive ZSM-5/CS/DOX nanodisks possessed a great drug loading efficiency of 97.7%, and their controlled release trends of DOX were fitted well with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The DOX could be efficiently released the ZSM-5/CS/DOX nanodisks after cellular endocytosis and induced cancer cells apoptosis. Moreover, the pH-responsive drug carriers led to efficient tumor inhibition with low side effects, especially cardiac toxicity, as confirmed by pharmacokinetic study, serological examination and H&E staining assays. Therefore, the ZSM-5/CS/DOX nanodisks are a promising pH-responsive drug carrier for targeted cancer therapy.
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Ding GB, Sun J, Yang P, Li B, Gao Y, Li Z. A Novel Doxorubicin Prodrug with GRP78 Recognition and Nucleus-Targeting Ability for Safe and Effective Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:238-246. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes
of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Junqing Sun
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes
of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes
of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Binchun Li
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School
of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes
of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School
of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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