1
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Guo J, Du F, Yu B, Du P, Li H, Zhang J, Xin H. Heptacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers with two azulene units fused. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12589-12597. [PMID: 39118621 PMCID: PMC11304730 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Azulene, known for its unique electronic properties and structural asymmetry, serves as a promising building block for the design of novel non-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and physical properties of three diazulene-fused heptacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 8,17-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:2',1'-h]anthracene (trans configuration), 16,18-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:1',2'-j]anthracene (cis configuration) and 3,18-dioctyldiazuleno[2,1-a:1',2'-i]phenanthrene (zigzag configuration). Three compounds are configurational isomers with different fusing patterns of aromatic rings. All three isomers exhibit pronounced aromaticity, as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. They exhibit characteristics of both azulene and benzenoid PAHs and are much more stable than their all-benzene analogues. The optical and electrochemical properties of these three isomers were investigated through UV-vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry, revealing distinct behaviors influenced by their molecular configurations. Furthermore, the isomer in trans configuration exhibits promising semiconducting properties with a hole mobility of up to 0.22 cm2 V-1 s-1, indicating its potential in organic electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Guo
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Fangxin Du
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
| | - Hanshen Xin
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University 201800 Shanghai China
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2
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Li R, Ma B, Li M, Wang D, Liu P, An P. Multi-heteroatom doped nanographenes: enhancing photosensitization capacity by forming an electron donor-acceptor architecture. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11408-11417. [PMID: 39055003 PMCID: PMC11268484 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Systematically tuning and optimizing the properties of synthetic nanographenes (NGs) is particularly important for NG applications in diverse areas. Herein, by devising novel electron donor-acceptor (D-A) type structures, we reported a series of multi-heteroatom-doped NGs possessing an electron-rich chalcogen and electron-deficient pyrimidine or pyrimidinium rings. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations revealed significantly different physical, optical, and energetic properties compared to the non-doped HBC or chalcogen-doped, non-D-A analogues. Some intriguing properties of the new NGs such as unique electrostatically oriented molecular stacking, red-shifted optical spectra, solvatochromism, and enhanced triplet excitons were observed due to the formation of the D-A electron pattern. More importantly, these D-A type structures can serve as photosensitizers to generate efficiently reactive-oxygen species (ROS), and the structure-related photosensitization capacity that strengthens the electron transfer (ET) process leads to significantly enhanced ROS which was revealed by experimental and calculated studies. As a result, the cell-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) indicated that the cationic NG 1-Me+ is a robust photosensitizer with excellent water-solubility and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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3
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Li J, Tan X, Jiang H, Wu W. Base-Promoted (5 + 2) Annulation between 2-(Alkynylaryl)acetonitriles and Arylalkynes for the Synthesis of Benzocycloheptene Derivatives. Org Lett 2024; 26:5409-5414. [PMID: 38912965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel approach to the synthesis of benzocycloheptene derivatives via base-promoted (5 + 2) annulation between 2-(alkynylaryl)acetonitriles and arylalkynes. In this chemistry, 2-(alkynylaryl)acetonitriles are employed as a new C5 synthon to construct various benzocycloheptene(s) derivatives by building two C-C bonds in one single step. This method features excellent regioselectivity, the use of readily available starting materials, and good functional group tolerance. The practicality of the strategy was further demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis, late-stage functionalizations, and the post-modification of natural products such as probenecid and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
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4
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Misselwitz E, Spengler J, Rominger F, Kivala M. Indenoannulated Tridecacyclene: An All-Carbon Seven-Stage Redox-Amphoter. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400696. [PMID: 38563636 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We disclose an indenoannulated tridecacyclene comprising a central cyclooctatetraene moiety with multiple adjacent pentagonal rings which is accessible in a concise synthetic sequence. The saddle-shaped geometry of the non-benzenoid polycyclic scaffold and its unique packing behavior in the solid state were characterized by X-ray crystallography. In electrochemical studies, the compound undergoes seven reversible redox events comprising five reductions and two oxidations. The dicationic and dianionic species obtained by chemical oxidation and reduction, respectively, were characterized spectroscopically in solution. Density functional theory calculations were applied to provide insights into aromaticity evolution in the respective charged species, highlighting the beneficial effect of the non-benzenoid moieties on charge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Misselwitz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Spengler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Tanaka Y, Tajima K, Kusumoto R, Kobori Y, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. End-to-End Bent Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes by Double Sulfur Extrusion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16332-16339. [PMID: 38813992 PMCID: PMC11177258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Bending inherently planar π-cores consisting of only six-membered rings has traditionally been challenging because a powerful transformation is required to compensate for the significant strain energy associated with bending. Herein, we demonstrate that sulfur extrusion can achieve substantial molecular bending of a perylene structure to form a substructure of a Vögtle belt, a proposed yet hitherto elusive carbon nanotube fragment. Bent perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives were synthesized through a double-sulfur-extrusion reaction from the corresponding sulfur-containing V-shaped precursors with an internal alkyl tether. The effect of bending the inherently planar PBI core, which is a recent topic of interest for the design of advanced organic electronic and optoelectronic materials, was investigated systematically. Increasing the curvature leads to a red shift in the absorption and emission spectra, while the fluorescence quantum yields remain high. This stands in contrast with the nonemissive features of previously reported nonplanar PBI derivatives based on conjugative tethers. Detailed photophysical measurements indicated that the increasing curvature with shorter alkyl tethers (i) slightly facilitates intersystem crossing and (ii) significantly suppresses the internal conversion in the excited state of the present bent PBI derivatives. The latter characteristics originate from the restricted dynamic motion associated with the charge-transfer (CT) character between the core chromophores and the N-aryl units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryota Kusumoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1,
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1,
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Molecular
Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- CREST,
JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi ,Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi ,Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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6
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Thilagar P, Nandi RP, Ghosh S. Heteroatom-Promoted Polyhexagonal Saddle-Shaped Molecular Structures and their Supramolecular Coassembly with C 60. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400398. [PMID: 38549365 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with curved architecture can exhibit unique optoelectronic properties due to the concave-convex π-surface. However, synthesizing negatively curved saddle-shaped aromatic systems has been challenging due to the internal structural strain. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of two polyhexagonal molecular systems, 1 and 2, with saddle shape geometry by judiciously varying the aromatic moiety, avoiding the harsh synthetic methods as that of heptagonal aromatic saddle systems. The unique geometry preferences of B, N, and S furnish suitable curvature to the molecules, featuring saddle shape. The saddle geometry also enables them to interact with fullerene C60 , and the supramolecular interactions of fullerene C60 with 1 and 2 modify their optoelectronic properties. Crystal structure analysis reveals that 1, with a small π-surface, forms a double columnar array of fullerenes in the solid state. In contrast, 2 with a large π-surface produces a supramolecular capsule entrapping two discrete fullerenes. The intermolecular interactions between B, N, S, and the aryl-π surface of the host and C60 guest are the stabilizing factors for creating these supramolecular structures. Comprehensive computational, optical, and Raman spectroscopic studies establish the charge transfer interactions between B-N doped heterocycle host and fullerene C60 guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad Nandi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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7
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Zhang H, Lu CJ, Cai GH, Xi LL, Feng J, Liu RR. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbene coupling en route to inherently chiral heptagon-containing polyarenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3353. [PMID: 38637535 PMCID: PMC11026441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing facile and direct synthesis routes for enantioselective construction of cyclic π-conjugated molecules is crucial. However, originate chirality from the distorted structure around heptagon-containing polyarenes is largely overlooked, the enantioselective construction of all-carbon heptagon-containing polyarenes remains a challenge. Herein, we present a highly enantioselective synthesis route for fabricating all carbon heptagon-containing polyarenes via palladium-catalyzed carbene-based cross-coupling of benzyl bromides and N-arylsulfonylhydrazones. A wide range of nonplanar, saddle-shaped tribenzocycloheptene derivatives are efficiently prepared in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities using this approach. In addition, stereochemical stability experiments show that these saddle-shaped tribenzocycloheptene derivatives have high inversion barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Gao-Hui Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-Long Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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8
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Liu J, Hong J, Liao Z, Tan J, Liu H, Dmitrieva E, Zhou L, Ren J, Cao XY, Popov AA, Zou Y, Narita A, Hu Y. Negatively Curved Octagon-Incorporated Aza-nanographene and its Assembly with Fullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400172. [PMID: 38345140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
A negatively curved aza-nanographene (NG) containing two octagons was synthesized by a regioselective and stepwise cyclodehydrogenation procedure, in which a double aza[7]helicene was simultaneously formed as an intermediate. Their saddle-shaped structures with negative curvature were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography, thereby enabling the exploration of the structure-property relationship by photophysical, electrochemical and conformational studies. Moreover, the assembly of the octagon-embedded aza-NG with fullerenes was probed by fluorescence spectral titration, with record-high binding constants (Ka=9.5×103 M-1 with C60, Ka=3.7×104 M-1 with C70) found among reported negatively curved polycyclic aromatic compounds. The tight association of aza-NG with C60 was further elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis of their co-crystal, which showed the formation of a 1 : 1 complex with substantial concave-convex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenxing Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Long Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yunbin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
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9
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Kumar S, Lis T, Bury W, Chmielewski PJ, Garbicz M, Stępień M. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Curved Aromatics: From Donor-Acceptor Porphyrins to Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316243. [PMID: 38198178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A saddle-shaped π-extended zinc porphyrin containing a peripheral pyridyl ligand undergoes quantitative self-assembly into a cyclic trimer. The trimer has a prismatic structure with negatively curved side walls, which promote the formation of supramolecular organic frameworks stabilized by dispersion interactions. The first framework type, UWr-1, has the npo topology, with a hexagonal structure analogous to the Schwartz H triply periodic minimal surface. Co-crystallization of the trimer with either C60 and C70 produces the isomorphous cubic UWr-2 and UWr-3 phases, characterized by the ctn network topology and a structural relationship to the Fischer-Koch minimal surface S. All three phases contain complex labyrinths of solvent-filled channels, corresponding to very large probe-accessible volumes (68 % to 76 %). The UWr-2 network could be partly desolvated while retaining its long range dimensional order, indicating remarkable strength of the dispersion interactions in the crystal. A theoretical analysis of noncovalent interactions shows the role of geometrical matching between the negatively curved porphyrin units and positively curved fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Kumar
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Garbicz
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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10
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David AG, Mañas-Torres MC, Codesal MD, López-Sicilia I, Martín-Romero MT, Camacho L, Cuerva JM, Blanco V, Giner-Casares JJ, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Campaña AG. Supramolecular Large Nanosheets Assembled at Air/Water Interfaces and in Solution from Amphiphilic Heptagon-Containing Nanographenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:163-173. [PMID: 38087461 PMCID: PMC10777395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new set of amphiphilic saddle-shaped heptagon-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) functionalized with tetraethylene glycol chains and their self-assembly into large two-dimensional (2D) polymers. An in-depth analysis of the self-assembly mechanism at the air/water interface has been carried out, and the proposed arrangement models are in good agreement with the molecular dynamics simulations. Quite remarkably, the number and disposition of the tetraethylene glycol chains significantly influence the disposition of the PAHs at the interface and conditionate their packing under pressure. For the three compounds studied, we observed three different behaviors in which the aromatic core is parallel, perpendicular, and tilted with respect to the water surface. We also show that these curved PAHs are able to self-assemble in solution into remarkably large sheets of up to 150 μm2. These results show the relationship, within a family of curved nanographenes, between the monomer configuration and their self-assembly capacity in air/water interfaces and organic-water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur
H. G. David
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mari C. Mañas-Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marcos D. Codesal
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene López-Sicilia
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María T. Martín-Romero
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Camacho
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J. Giner-Casares
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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11
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Liu B, Chen M, Liu X, Fu R, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Zhang L. Bespoke Tailoring of Graphenoid Sheets: A Rippled Molecular Carbon Comprising Cyclically Fused Nonbenzenoid Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28137-28145. [PMID: 38095317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nonbenzenoid rings into the hexagonal networks of graphenoid nanostructures is of immense importance for electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties, but the underlying mechanisms of nonbenzenoid ring fusion are rather unexplored. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a rippled C84 molecular carbon, which contains 10 nonbenzenoid rings (five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings) that are contiguously fused to give a cyclic geometry. The fused nonbenzenoid rings impart high solubility, configurational stability, multiple reversible redox behaviors, unique aromaticity, and a narrow band gap to the system. Moreover, this carbon nanostructure allows for further functionalization via electrophilic substitution and metalation reactions, enabling access to finely tuned derivatives. Interestingly, both the bowl-shaped and planar conformations of the core in molecular carbon are observed in the solid state. Additionally, this molecular carbon displays ambipolar transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihua Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuxiao Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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12
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Borstelmann J, Bergner J, Rominger F, Kivala M. A Negatively Curved π-Expanded Pyracylene Comprising a Tropylium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312740. [PMID: 37739928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We disclose π-expanded pyracylenes and their cationic species comprising 7-membered rings. The compounds were synthesized by stepwise oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to monitor the effect of successive cyclization on the structural and optoelectronic properties. As shown by X-ray crystallography, the complete cyclization leads to a boat-shaped scaffold featuring negative curvature provided by the 7-membered ring. The embedded tropone unit enabled the convenient generation of a stabilized tropylium cation, showing bathochromically shifted absorption bands reaching into the near-infrared region beyond 1000 nm. The altered structural features, supported by theoretical calculations, point towards the positively charged 7-membered ring having aromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Yamada KE, Stepek IA, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Heptagon-Containing Polyarenes by Catalytic C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311770. [PMID: 37902441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons incorporating non-hexagonal aromatic rings - such as five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings - have various intriguing physical properties such as curved structures, unique one-dimensional packing, and promising magnetic, optical, and conductivity properties. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic approach to polycyclic aromatics containing seven-membered rings via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Ar-H/Ar-Br coupling. In addition to all-hydrocarbon scaffolds, heteroatom-embedded heptagon-containing polyarenes can be efficiently constructed with this method. Rhodium- and palladium-catalyzed sequential six- and seven-membered ring formations also afford complex heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons from readily available arylacetylenes and biphenyl boronic acids. Detailed mechanistic analysis by DFT calculations showed the feasibility of seven-membered ring formation by a concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism. This reaction can serve as a template for the synthesis of a wide range of seven-membered ring-containing molecular nanocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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14
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Duan Y, Chen M, Hayashi H, Yamada H, Liu X, Zhang L. Buckybowl and its chiral hybrids featuring eight-membered rings and helicene units. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10420-10428. [PMID: 37800001 PMCID: PMC10548505 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of a novel buckybowl (7) with a high bowl-to-bowl inversion barrier (ΔG‡ = 38 kcal mol-1), which renders the rate of inversion slow enough at room temperature to establish two chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). By strategic fusion of eight-membered rings to the rim of 7, the chiral hybrids 8 and 9 are synthesized and display helicity and positive and negative curvature, allowing the enantiomers to be configurationally stable and their chiroptical properties are thoroughly examined. Computational and experimental studies reveal the enantiomerization mechanisms for the chiral hybrids and demonstrate that the eight-membered ring strongly affects the conformational stability. Because of its static and doubly curved conformation, 9 shows a high binding affinity towards C60. The OFET performance of 7-9 could be tuned and the hybrids show ambipolar characteristics. Notably, the 9·C60 cocrystal exhibits well-balanced ambipolar performance with electron and hole mobilities of up to 0.19 and 0.11 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. This is the first demonstration of a chiral curved PAH and its complex with C60 for organic devices. Our work presents new insight into buckybowl-based design of PAHs with configurational stability and intriguing optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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15
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Ramírez-Barroso S, Romeo-Gella F, Fernández-García JM, Feng S, Martínez-Fernández L, García-Fresnadillo D, Corral I, Martín N, Wannemacher R. Curved Nanographenes: Multiple Emission, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, and Non-Radiative Decay. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212064. [PMID: 37094332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing and rich photophysical properties of three curved nanographenes (CNG 6, 7, and 8) are investigated by time-resolved and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. CNG 7 and 8 exhibit dual fluorescence, as well as dual phosphorescence at low temperature in the main PL bands. In addition, hot bands are detected in fluorescence as well as phosphorescence, and, in the narrow temperature range of 100-140 K, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with lifetimes on the millisecond time-scale is observed. These findings are rationalized by quantum-chemical simulations, which predict a single minimum of the S1 potential of CNG 6, but two S1 minima for CNG 7 and CNG 8, with considerable geometric reorganization between them, in agreement with the experimental findings. Additionally, a higher-lying S2 minimum close to S1 is optimized for the three CNG, from where emission is also possible due to thermal activation and, hence, non-Kasha behavior. The presence of higher-lying dark triplet states close to the S1 minima provides mechanistic evidence for the TADF phenomena observed. Non-radiative decay of the T1 state appears to be thermally activated with activation energies of roughly 100 meV and leads to disappearance of phosphorescence and TADF at T > 140 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Siyang Feng
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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16
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Wang C, Deng Z, Phillips DL, Liu J. Extension of Non-alternant Nanographenes Containing Nitrogen-Doped Stone-Thrower-Wales Defects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306890. [PMID: 37421410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alternant topologies have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physiochemical characteristics in recent years. Here, three novel topological nanographenes molecular models of nitrogen-doped Stone-Thrower-Wales (S-T-W) defects were achieved through intramolecular direct arylation. Their chemical structures were unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal analysis. Among them, threefold intramolecular direct arylation compound (C42 H21 N) is the largest nanographene bearing a N-doped non-alternant topology to date, in which the non-benzenoid rings account for 83 % of the total molecular skeleton. The absorption maxima of this compound was located in the near-infrared region with a long tail up to 900 nm, which was much longer than those reported for similarly sized N-doped nanographene with six-membered rings (C40 H15 N). In addition, the electronic energy gaps of these series compounds clearly decreased with the introduction of non-alternant topologies (from 2.27 eV to 1.50 eV). It is noteworthy that C42 H21 N possesses such a low energy gap (Eg opt =1.40 eV; Eg cv =1.50 eV), yet is highly stable under ambient conditions. Our work reported herein demonstrates that the non-alternant topology could significantly influence the electronic configurations of nanocarbons, where the introduction of a non-alternanting topology may be an effective way to narrow the energy gap without extending the molecular π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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17
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Li R, Ma B, Li S, Lu C, An P. Chalcogen-doped, ( seco)-hexabenzocoronene-based nanographenes: synthesis, properties, and chalcogen extrusion conversion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8905-8913. [PMID: 37621425 PMCID: PMC10445433 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of chalcogen-doped nanographenes (NGs) and their oxides are described. Their molecular design is conceptually based on the insertion of different chalcogens into the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) backbone. All the NGs adopt nonplanar conformations, which would show better solubility compared to planar HBC. Except for the oxygen-doped, saddle-shaped NG, the insertion of large chalcogens like sulfur and selenium leads to a seco-HBC-based, helical geometry. All the three-dimensional structures are unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Their photophysical properties including UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, chiroptical, charge distribution, and orbital gaps are investigated experimentally or theoretically. The properties of each structure are significantly affected by the doped chalcogen and its related oxidative state. Notably, upon heating or adding an acid, the selenium-doped NG or its oxide undergoes a selenium extrusion reaction to afford seco-HBC or HBC quantitatively, which can be treated as precursors of hydrocarbon HBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Chongdao Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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18
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Woods JF, Gallego L, Maisch A, Renggli D, Cuocci C, Blacque O, Steinfeld G, Kaech A, Spingler B, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Saddles as rotational locks within shape-assisted self-assembled nanosheets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4725. [PMID: 37550281 PMCID: PMC10406840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a key target for many applications in the modern day. Self-assembly is one approach that can bring us closer to this goal, which usually relies upon strong, directional interactions instead of covalent bonds. Control over less directional forces is more challenging and usually does not result in as well-defined materials. Explicitly incorporating topography into the design as a guiding effect to enhance the interacting forces can help to form highly ordered structures. Herein, we show the process of shape-assisted self-assembly to be consistent across a range of derivatives that highlights the restriction of rotational motion and is verified using a diverse combination of solid state analyses. A molecular curvature governed angle distribution nurtures monomers into loose columns that then arrange to form 2D structures with long-range order observed in both crystalline and soft materials. These features strengthen the idea that shape becomes an important design principle leading towards precise molecular self-assembly and the inception of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amira Maisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Renggli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Cuocci
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Medina-Lopez D, Liu T, Osella S, Levy-Falk H, Rolland N, Elias C, Huber G, Ticku P, Rondin L, Jousselme B, Beljonne D, Lauret JS, Campidelli S. Interplay of structure and photophysics of individualized rod-shaped graphene quantum dots with up to 132 sp² carbon atoms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4728. [PMID: 37550308 PMCID: PMC10406913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanographene materials are promising building blocks for the growing field of low-dimensional materials for optics, electronics and biophotonics applications. In particular, bottom-up synthesized 0D graphene quantum dots show great potential as single quantum emitters. To fully exploit their exciting properties, the graphene quantum dots must be of high purity; the key parameter for efficient purification being the solubility of the starting materials. Here, we report the synthesis of a family of highly soluble and easily processable rod-shaped graphene quantum dots with fluorescence quantum yields up to 94%. This is uncommon for a red emission. The high solubility is directly related to the design of the structure, allowing for an accurate description of the photophysical properties of the graphene quantum dots both in solution and at the single molecule level. These photophysical properties were fully predicted by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medina-Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hugo Levy-Falk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Rolland
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Christine Elias
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Gaspard Huber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LSDRM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pranav Ticku
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Loïc Rondin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Stephane Campidelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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20
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Luo H, Wan Q, Choi W, Tsutsui Y, Dmitrieva E, Du L, Phillips DL, Seki S, Liu J. Two-Step Synthesis of B 2 N 2 -Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long-Lived Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301769. [PMID: 37093207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentagon-heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2 N2 -doped PAH (BN-2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN-2, two different conformations, including saddle-shaped and up-down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited-state dynamics of BN-2 is well-investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon-heptagon embedded B2 N2 -doped BN-2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long-lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited-state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet-triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long-lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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21
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Anjalikrishna PK, Gadre SR, Suresh CH. Electrostatic Potential for Exploring Electron Delocalization in Infinitenes, Circulenes, and Nanobelts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4123-4133. [PMID: 36952587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The π-conjugation, aromaticity, and stability of the newly synthesized 12-infinitene and of other infinitenes comprising 8-, 10-, 14-, and 16-arene rings are investigated using density functional theory. The π-electron delocalization and aromatic character rooted in infinitenes are quantified in terms of molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topology. Structurally, the infinitene bears a close resemblance of its helically twisted structure to the infinity symbol. The MESP topology shows that infinitene possesses an infinity-shaped delocalization of the electron density that streams over the fused benzenoid rings. The parameter ∑i=13Δλi, derived from the eigenvalues (λi) corresponding to the MESP minima, is used for quantifying the aromatic character of arene rings of infinitene. The structure, stability, and MESP topology features of 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-, and 16-infinitenes are also compared with the corresponding isomeric circulenes and carbon nanobelts. Further, the strain in all such systems is evaluated by considering the respective isomeric planar benzenoid hydrocarbons as reference systems. The 12-infinitene turns out to be the most aromatic and the least strained among all the systems examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Scientific Computing, Modelling and Simulation, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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22
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Gan F, Shen C, Cui W, Qiu H. [1,4]Diazocine-Embedded Electron-Rich Nanographenes with Cooperatively Dynamic Skeletons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5952-5959. [PMID: 36795894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Curved nanographenes (NGs) are emerging as promising candidates for organic optoelectronics, supramolecular materials, and biological applications. Here we report a distinctive type of curved NGs bearing a [1,4]diazocine core that is fused with four pentagonal rings. This is formed by Scholl-type cyclization of two adjacent carbazole moieties through an unusual diradical cation mechanism followed by C-H arylation. Owing to the strain in the unique 5-5-8-5-5-membered ring skeleton, the resulting NG adopts an interesting concave-convex cooperatively dynamic structure. By peripheral π-extension, a helicene moiety with fixed helical chirality can be further mounted to modulate the vibration of the concave-convex structure, through which the distant bay region of the curved NG inherits the chirality of the helicene moiety in a reversed fashion. The [1,4]diazocine-embedded NGs show typical electron-rich characteristics and form charge transfer complexes with tunable emissions with a series of electron acceptors. The relatively protruding armchair edge also allows the fusion of three NGs into a C2 symmetric triple diaza[7]helicene which reveals a subtle balance of fixed and dynamic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute of Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wenying Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute of Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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23
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Ejlli B, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Ring-Expanding Rearrangement of Benzo-Fused Tris-Cycloheptenylenes towards Nonplanar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203735. [PMID: 36602008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A strongly twisted benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylene, containing three dibenzosuberenone units fused to a common benzene ring, was subjected to Ramirez olefination and subsequent palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with 4-substituted phenylboronic acids. The high steric demand within the overcrowded, benzene-rich benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylenes enforced an unprecedented 1,2-rearrangement upon π-extension during the Suzuki coupling reaction. According to crystal structure analysis, the resulting negatively curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consist of two heptagons and one octagon surrounding a central benzene ring as a result of strain release. In the solid state, the materials exhibit a blue to blue-green fluorescence with increased quantum yields and a hypsochromic shift of the emission maxima compared to their respective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ejlli
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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24
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Zhang K, Hope PA, El Bitar Nehme M, Linden A, Spingler B, Rickhaus M. Azatriseptanes: Strained Framework Analogs of [7,7,7]Circulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203954. [PMID: 36542683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic compounds are essential for understanding the effect of negative curvature on carbon allotropes such as fullerenes and graphenes that have applications in functional organic materials. However, owing to the synthetic difficulties in functionalizing and embedding seven-membered rings, these strain-challenged structures are relatively unexplored. We report here the synthesis, characterization, and properties of a triarylamine core bridged with ethano chains at the 2,2'-positions. In doing so, we provide access to the first heterocycle containing three fused heptagon rings with a nitrogen at its core (BATA-NHAc). X-ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations revealed a remarkably strained structure wherein two of the bridged aryl units approach coplanarity, while the third ring is twisted out of plane at 70°. UV-vis and emission spectroscopies identify red-shifted absorption and concentration-dependent emission profiles, respectively, as a result of the unique conformation and self-assembly properties of BATA-NHAc. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry shows a decrease in the oxidation potential for BATA-NHAc in comparison to the non-bridged analog. This study opens new avenues in understanding the structure-property relationships of curved π-aromatics and the construction of π-frameworks of increasing complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip A Hope
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mélissa El Bitar Nehme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Saddle-shaped aza-nanographene with multiple odd-membered rings. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2353-2360. [PMID: 36873850 PMCID: PMC9977460 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A saddle-shaped aza-nanographene containing a central 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) has been prepared via a rationally designed four-step synthetic pathway encompassing intramolecular direct arylation, the Scholl reaction, and finally photo-induced radical cyclization. The target non-alternant, nitrogen-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) incorporates two abutting pentagons between four adjacent heptagons forming unique 7-7-5-5-7-7 topology. Such a combination of odd-membered-ring defects entails a negative Gaussian curvature within its surface with a significant distortion from planarity (saddle height ≈ 4.3 Å). Its absorption and fluorescence maxima are located in the orange-red region, with weak emission originating from the intramolecular charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that this stable under ambient conditions aza-nanographene underwent three fully reversible oxidation steps (two one-electron followed by one two-electron) with an exceptionally low first oxidation potential of E ox1 = -0.38 V (vs. Fc/Fc+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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26
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Guo J, Zhang T, Li Z, Ye K, Wang Y, Dou C. Distorted B/O-containing nanographenes with tunable optical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2644-2647. [PMID: 36779481 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two B/O-containing nanographenes, which feature the fusion of three or six planar B/O-heterocycles onto one hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene π-framework. Incorporation of the B/O-heterocycles not only leads to distorted geometries, but also modulates the electronic structures and results in gradually red-shifted absorptions and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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27
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Synthesis of precisely functionalizable curved nanographenes via graphitization-induced regioselective chlorination in a mechanochemical Scholl Reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:803. [PMID: 36781875 PMCID: PMC9925806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While the synthesis of nanographenes has advanced greatly in the past few years, development of their atomically precise functionalization strategies remains rare. The ability to modify the carbon scaffold translates to controlling, adjusting, and adapting molecular properties. Towards this end, here, we show that mechanochemistry is capable of transforming graphitization precursors directly into chlorinated curved nanographenes through a Scholl reaction. The halogenation occurs in a regioselective, high-yielding, and general manner. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggest that graphitization activates specific edge-positions for chlorination. The chlorine atoms allow for precise chemical modification of the nanographenes through a Suzuki or a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The edge modification enables modulation of material properties. Among the molecules prepared, corannulene-coronene hybrids and laterally fully π-extended helicenes, heptabenzo[5]superhelicenes, are particularly noteworthy.
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28
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Zhang B, Ruan L, Zhang YK, Zhang H, Li R, An P. Azepine-Embedded Seco-Hexabenzocoronene-Based Helix Nanographenes: Access to Modification of the Core by N-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2023; 25:732-737. [PMID: 36700631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or nanographenes (NGs) have received increasing attention and are mostly prepared by "bottom-up" strategies. Apparently, systematically tuning the properties of NGs for application is important but challenging. Here, a new type of helix, azepine-embedded NGs, were designed and synthesized by the introduction of NH into the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) core. We demonstrate that this nitrogen-doped NG can be functionalized via N-H derivatization. Through modifications to the NH site with a chiral auxiliary reagent, optical resolution of the chiral NG was achieved. Meanwhile, it was found that by introducing various aryl groups with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents, the emission intensity and the fluorescence mechanism can be modulated. Compared to the original NH-containing NG, the modified derivative exhibited improved fluorescence efficiency and tunable emission wavelength. A functionalized structure of benzoic acid with considerably improved fluorescence efficiency, hydrophilicity, and membrane permeability to stain the live cells was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Lan Ruan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kang Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Haifan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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29
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Yang L, Ju YY, Medel MA, Fu Y, Komber H, Dmitrieva E, Zhang JJ, Obermann S, Campaña AG, Ma J, Feng X. Helical Bilayer Nonbenzenoid Nanographene Bearing a [10]Helicene with Two Embedded Heptagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216193. [PMID: 36413379 PMCID: PMC10107200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The precision synthesis of helical bilayer nanographenes (NGs) with new topology is of substantial interest because of their exotic physicochemical properties. However, helical bilayer NGs bearing non-hexagonal rings remain synthetically challenging. Here we present the efficient synthesis of the first helical bilayer nonbenzenoid nanographene (HBNG1) from a tailor-made azulene-embedded precursor, which contains a novel [10]helicene backbone with two embedded heptagons. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals its highly twisted bilayer geometry with a record small interlayer distance of 3.2 Å among the reported helical bilayer NGs. Notably, the close interlayer distance between the two layers offers intramolecular through-space conjugation as revealed by in situ spectroelectrochemistry studies together with DFT simulations. Furthermore, the chiroptical properties of the P/M enantiomers of HBNG1 are also evaluated by circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yang-Yang Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Miguel A Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)., Facultad de Ciencias., Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jin-Jiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Obermann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)., Facultad de Ciencias., Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
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31
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Xu X, Vonder Haar AL, Yoshioka R, Zhang Q, Vasylevskyi S, Musser AJ, Narita A. Solvent-tunable exciton-charge transfer mixed state enhances emission of functionalized benzo[ rst]pentaphene through symmetry breaking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:720-723. [PMID: 36541159 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A benzo[rst]pentaphene (BPP) substituted by two bis(methoxyphenyl)amino (MeOPA) groups (BPP-MeOPA) was synthesized and clearly characterized by NMR and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Detailed investigations of its photophysical properties, including transient absorption spectroscopy analyses, revealed that the introduction of the MeOPA groups breaks the symmetry of the BPP core, improving its absorption and emission from an S1 state with both excitonic and charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Amy L Vonder Haar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Rengo Yoshioka
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Qizheng Zhang
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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32
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Reale M, Sciortino A, Cannas M, Maçoas E, David AHG, Cruz CM, Campaña AG, Messina F. Atomically Precise Distorted Nanographenes: The Effect of Different Edge Functionalization on the Photophysical Properties down to the Femtosecond Scale. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:835. [PMID: 36676571 PMCID: PMC9867459 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have been attracting widespread interest since they combine peculiar properties of graphene with molecular features, such as bright visible photoluminescence. However, our understanding of the fundamental properties of NGs is still hampered by the high degree of heterogeneity usually characterizing most of these materials. In this context, NGs obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes represent optimal benchmarks to unambiguously relate their properties to well-defined structures. Here we investigate in deep detail the optical response of three curved hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives obtained by atomically precise synthesis routes. They are constituted by the same graphenic core, characterized by the presence of a heptagon ring determining a saddle distortion of their sp2 network, and differ from each other for slightly different edge functionalization. The quite similar structure allows for performing a direct comparison of their spectroscopic features, from steady-state down to the femtosecond scale, and precisely disentangling the role played by the different edge chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reale
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Maçoas
- Centro de Química Estrutural e Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Arthur H. G. David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Cruz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ), Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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33
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Odajima M, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Dinaphthooxepine Bisimide Undergoes Oxygen Extrusion Reaction upon Electron Injection at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2023; 25:282-287. [PMID: 36602262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of a dinaphthooxepine bisimide (DNOBI), a nonplanar perylene bisimide (PBI) analogue with an inserted oxygen atom. A DNOBI underwent an oxygen-extrusion reaction smoothly upon electron injection at room temperature, affording PBI in good yield. Studies on the reaction mechanism suggest that the injection of two electrons triggers the isomerization of DNOBI to dinaphthooxanorcaradiene bisimide, which is a key step in inducing the oxygen-extrusion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Odajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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34
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Hung TY, Kuck D, Chow HF. Donor-Acceptor Tribenzotriquinacene-Based Molecular Wizard Hats Bearing Three ortho-Benzoquinone Units. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203749. [PMID: 36585931 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two π-extended bay-bridged tribenzotriquinacenes ("TBTQ wizard hats") 12 and 16 bearing three mutually conjugated, alternating veratrole-type and ortho-benzoquinone units were synthesized. The electronic properties of these complementarily arranged, nonplanar push-pull systems are affected by the fusion with the rigid, C3 -symmetric TBTQ core to a different extent, as revealed by X-ray structural analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetry. The combination of three quinone units within the original TBTQ core and three veratrole-type bay bridging units in 12 gives rise to a more efficiently π-conjugated chromophore, as reflected by the shallower shape of wizard hat and its absorption in the visible up to 750 nm in comparison to 16. Congener 12 contains an aromatic 18-π electron system in contrast to the cross-conjugated analog 16. X-ray structure analysis of the precursor dodecaether 15 revealed the formation of a cage-like supramolecular dimer, in which the peripheral dioxane-type ether groups interlace by twelve noncovalent C-H⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Yu Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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35
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Pedersen VBR, Pedersen SK, Jin Z, Kofod N, Laursen BW, Baryshnikov GV, Nuckolls C, Pittelkow M. Electronic Materials: An Antiaromatic Propeller Made from the Four-Fold Fusion of Tetraoxa[8]circulene and Perylene Diimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212293. [PMID: 36173989 PMCID: PMC9828547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of an antiaromatic tetraoxa[8]circulene annulated with four perylene diimides (PDI), giving a dynamic non-planar π-conjugated system, is described. The molecule contains 32 aromatic rings surrounding one formally antiaromatic planarized cyclooctatetraene (COT). The intense absorption (ϵ=3.35×105 M-1 cm-1 in CH2 Cl2 ) and emission bands are assigned to internal charge-transfer transitions in the combined PDI-circulene π-system. The spectroscopic data is supported by density functional theory calculations, and nuclear independent chemical shift calculation indicate that the antiaromatic COT has increased aromaticity in the reduced state. Electrochemical studies show that the compound can reversibly reach the tetra- and octa-anionic states by reduction of the four PDI units, and the deca-anionic state by reduction of the central COT ring. The material functions effectively in bulk hetero junction solar cells as a non-fullerene acceptor, reaching a power conversion efficiency of 6.4 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor B. R. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Stephan K. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University3000 BroadwayNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Nicolaj Kofod
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Bo W. Laursen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Organic ElectronicsLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE-60174Sweden
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of ChemistryColumbia University3000 BroadwayNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100Copenhagen ØDenmark
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36
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Hill NDD, Lilienthal E, Bender CO, Boeré RT. Accurate Crystal Structures of C 12H 9CN, C 12H 8(CN) 2, and C 16H 11CN Valence Isomers Using Nonspherical Atomic Scattering Factors. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16213-16229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. D. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Elaura Lilienthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Christopher O. Bender
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
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37
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Hurdax P, Kern CS, Boné TG, Haags A, Hollerer M, Egger L, Yang X, Kirschner H, Gottwald A, Richter M, Bocquet F, Soubatch S, Koller G, Tautz FS, Sterrer M, Puschnig P, Ramsey MG. Large Distortion of Fused Aromatics on Dielectric Interlayers Quantified by Photoemission Orbital Tomography. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17435-17443. [PMID: 36239301 PMCID: PMC9620409 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds with fused benzene rings offer an extraordinary versatility as next-generation organic semiconducting materials for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics due to their tunable characteristics, including charge-carrier mobility and optical absorption. Nonplanarity can be an additional parameter to customize their electronic and optical properties without changing the aromatic core. In this work, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study in which we directly observe large, geometry-induced modifications in the frontier orbitals of a prototypical dye molecule when adsorbed on an atomically thin dielectric interlayer on a metallic substrate. Experimentally, we employ angle-resolved photoemission experiments, interpreted in the framework of the photoemission orbital tomography technique. We demonstrate its sensitivity to detect geometrical bends in adsorbed molecules and highlight the role of the photon energy used in experiment for detecting such geometrical distortions. Theoretically, we conduct density functional calculations to determine the geometric and electronic structure of the adsorbed molecule and simulate the photoemission angular distribution patterns. While we found an overall good agreement between experimental and theoretical data, our results also unveil limitations in current van der Waals corrected density functional approaches for such organic/dielectric interfaces. Hence, photoemission orbital tomography provides a vital experimental benchmark for such systems. By comparison with the state of the same molecule on a metallic substrate, we also offer an explanation why the adsorption on the dielectric induces such large bends in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hurdax
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Christian S. Kern
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Georg Boné
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Haags
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Experimentalphysik
IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Hollerer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Larissa Egger
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Experimentalphysik
IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Kirschner
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), 10587Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), 10587Berlin, Germany
| | - François
C. Bocquet
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425Jülich, Germany
| | - Serguei Soubatch
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Stefan Tautz
- Peter
Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425Jülich, Germany
- Experimentalphysik
IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Michael G. Ramsey
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
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38
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Nebauer J, Neiß C, Krug M, Vogel A, Fehn D, Ozaki S, Rominger F, Meyer K, Kamada K, Guldi DM, Görling A, Kivala M. Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation of Trinaphthylamine: Selective Formation of a Nitrogen-Centered Polycyclic π-System Comprising 5- and 7-Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205287. [PMID: 35900162 PMCID: PMC9804279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new type of nitrogen-centered polycyclic scaffold comprising a unique combination of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings. The compound is accessible through an intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of tri(1-naphthyl)amine. To the best of our knowledge this is the very first example of a direct 3-fold cyclization of a triarylamine under oxidative conditions. The unusual ring fusion motif is confirmed by X-ray crystallography and the impact of cyclization on the electronic and photophysical properties is investigated both experimentally and theoretically based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The formation of the unexpected product is rationalized by detailed mechanistic studies on the DFT level. The results suggest the cyclization to occur under kinetic control via a dicationic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nebauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of General and Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)1-8-31 MidorigaokaIkeda, Osaka563-8577Japan,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of General and Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)1-8-31 MidorigaokaIkeda, Osaka563-8577Japan,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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39
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Shimomura Y, Igawa K, Sasaki S, Sakakibara N, Goseki R, Konishi G. Flexible Alkylene Bridges as a Tool To Engineer Crystal Distyrylbenzene Structures Enabling Highly Fluorescent Monomeric Emission. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201884. [PMID: 35817755 PMCID: PMC9544799 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimichi Shimomura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga 816-8580 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sasaki
- Université de Nantes CNRS Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel IMN F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Noritaka Sakakibara
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Raita Goseki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kogakuin University Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi 192-0015 Tokyo Japan
| | - Gen‐ichi Konishi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
- PRESTO “Element Strategy” Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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40
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Bergner J, Walla C, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Kivala M. Inducing Curvature to Pyracylene upon π‐Expansion. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201554. [PMID: 35652474 PMCID: PMC9543126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a successive π‐expansion of pyracylene towards boat‐shaped polycyclic scaffolds. The unique structural features of the resulting compounds were revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the extent of π‐expansion the compounds display intense bathochromically shifted absorption bands in their UV/Vis spectra and are prone to several redox events as documented by cyclic voltammetry. The experimental observations are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory, suggesting progressive narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap and distinct evolution of the electronic structure and aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Walla
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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41
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New paradigms in molecular nanocarbon science. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Nebauer J, Neiß C, Krug M, Vogel A, Fehn D, Ozaki S, Rominger F, Meyer K, Kamada K, Guldi DM, Görling A, Kivala M. Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation of Trinaphthylamine: Selective Formation of a Nitrogen‐Centered Polycyclic π‐System Comprising 5‐ and 7‐Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nebauer
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Christian Neiß
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Marcel Krug
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- Kwansei Gakuin University - Kobe Sanda Campus: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku - Kobe Sanda Campus Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Kwansei Gakuin University - Kobe Sanda Campus: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku - Kobe Sanda Campus Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Görling
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Milan Kivala
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Organisch-Chemisches Institute Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
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43
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Kantarod K, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Surawatanawong P, Wattanathana W, Reutrakul V, Leowanawat P. Color-tunable emissive heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic dicarboximides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9468-9471. [PMID: 35894790 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic dicarboximides were developed as new push-pull fluorescent dyes through palladium-catalysed [4+3] annulation followed by nucleophilic substitution. The introduction of a seven-membered ring in these push-pull systems can efficiently modulate the optical properties leading to an enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.93 with color tunable emission covering the visible-NIR spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritchasorn Kantarod
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Worawat Wattanathana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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44
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Xu X, Gunasekaran S, Renken S, Ripani L, Schollmeyer D, Kim W, Marcaccio M, Musser A, Narita A. Synthesis and Characterizations of 5,5'-Bibenzo[rst]pentaphene with Axial Chirality and Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200004. [PMID: 35156332 PMCID: PMC9259715 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of novel biaryls consisting of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) units can be an important strategy toward further developments of organic materials with unique properties. In this study, 5,5'-bibenzo[rst]pentaphene (BBPP) with two benzo[rst]pentaphene (BPP) units is synthesized in an efficient and versatile approach, and its structure is unambiguously elucidated by X-ray crystallography. BBPP exhibits axial chirality, and the (M)- and (P)-enantiomers are resolved by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography and studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy. These enantiomers have a relatively high isomerization barrier of 43.6 kcal mol-1 calculated by density functional theory. The monomer BPP and dimer BBPP are characterized by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that both BPP and BBPP fluoresce from a formally dark S1 electronic state that is enabled by Herzberg-Teller intensity borrowing from a neighboring bright S2 state. While BPP exhibits a relatively low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), BBPP exhibits a significantly enhanced PLQY due to a greater S2 intensity borrowing. Moreover, symmetry-breaking charge transfer in BBPP is demonstrated by spectroscopic investigations in solvents of different polarity. This suggests high potential for singlet fission in such π-extended biaryls through appropriate molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigami‐gunOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Suman Gunasekaran
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Scott Renken
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Lorenzo Ripani
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–14Mainz55128Germany
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Andrew Musser
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigami‐gunOkinawa904‐0495Japan
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45
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Xuan M, Schumacher C, Bolm C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Activation of Carbon-Rich π-Conjugated Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105497. [PMID: 35048569 PMCID: PMC9259731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry uses mechanical force to break, form, and manipulate chemical bonds to achieve functional transformations and syntheses. Over the last years, many innovative applications of mechanochemistry have been developed. Specifically for the synthesis and activation of carbon-rich π-conjugated materials, mechanochemistry offers reaction pathways that either are inaccessible with other stimuli, such as light and heat, or improve reaction yields, energy consumption, and substrate scope. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in this research field combining the viewpoints of polymer and trituration mechanochemistry. The highlighted mechanochemical transformations include π-conjugated materials as optical force probes, the force-induced release of small dye molecules, and the mechanochemical synthesis of polyacetylene, carbon allotropes, and other π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Xuan
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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47
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Akhmetov V, Feofanov M, Ruppenstein C, Lange J, Sharapa D, Krstić M, Hampel F, Kataev EA, Amsharov K. Acenaphthenoannulation Induced by the Dual Lewis Acidity of Alumina. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200584. [PMID: 35313382 PMCID: PMC9321853 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered a dual (i. e., soft and hard) Lewis acidity of alumina that enables rapid one-pot π-extension through the activation of terminal alkynes followed by C-F activation. The tandem reaction introduces an acenaphthene fragment - an essential moiety of geodesic polyarenes. This reaction provides quick access to elusive non-alternant polyarenes such as π-extended buckybowls and helicenes through three-point annulation of the 1-(2-ethynyl-6-fluorophenyl)naphthalene moiety. The versatility of the developed method was demonstrated by the synthesis of unprecedented structural fragments of elusive geodesic graphene nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Akhmetov
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergInstitute of Chemistry, Organic ChemistryKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
| | - Mikhail Feofanov
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergInstitute of Chemistry, Organic ChemistryKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
| | - Cordula Ruppenstein
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergInstitute of Chemistry, Organic ChemistryKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
| | - Josefine Lange
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergInstitute of Chemistry, Organic ChemistryKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
| | - Dmitry Sharapa
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyHelmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Marjan Krstić
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Theoretical Solid State PhysicsWolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 176131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry IINikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Evgeny A. Kataev
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry IINikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergInstitute of Chemistry, Organic ChemistryKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
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48
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Emerging applications of curved aromatic compounds. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Qiu ZL, Chen XW, Huang YD, Wei RJ, Chu KS, Zhao XJ, Tan YZ. Nanographene with Multiple Embedded Heptagons: Cascade Radical Photocyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116955. [PMID: 35191583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although heptagons are widely found in graphenic materials, the precise synthesis of nanocarbons containing heptagons remains a challenge, especially for the nanocarbons containing multiple-heptagons. Herein, we show that photo-induced radical cyclization (PIRC) can be used to synthesize multi-heptagon-embedded nanocarbons. Notably, a nanographene containing six heptagons (1) was obtained via a six-fold cascade PIRC reaction. The structure of 1 was clearly validated and showed a Monkey-saddle-shaped conformation. Experimental bond analysis and theoretical calculations indicated that the heptagons in 1 were non-aromatic, whereas the peripheral rings were highly aromatic. Compared to planar nanographene with the same number of π electrons, 1 had a similar optical gap due to a compromise between the decreased conjugation in the wrapped structure and enhanced electronic delocalization at the rim. Electrochemical studies showed that 1 had low-lying oxidation potentials, which was attributed to the nitrogen-doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuan-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Dong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rong-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ke-Shan Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Chen Y, Zhou R, Liu X, Yang C, Wang T, Shi F, Zhang L. π-Expanded triple [5]helicenes bearing dibenzocoronene monoimide subunits. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4671-4674. [PMID: 35319555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel π-expanded triple [5]helicenes containing three dibenzocoronene monoimide subunits have been synthesized and characterized. The helicenes exhibit low-energy conformational interconversions, as supported by NMR spectra. The single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals a C1 conformation in the solid state. Furthermore, the helicenes exhibit ambipolar transport characteristics in thin film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Ruihu Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Cao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Fenghui Shi
- AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute Composite Technology Center, Beijing 101300, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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