1
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Li M, Lei P, Shuang S, Dong C, Zhang L. Visualization of polarity changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) autophagy and rheumatoid arthritis mice with near-infrared ER-targeted fluorescent probe. Talanta 2024; 275:126141. [PMID: 38677168 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The crucial cellular activities for maintaining normal cell functions heavily rely on the polarity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Understanding how the polarity shifts, particularly in the context of ER autophagy (ER-phagy), holds significant promise for advancing knowledge of disorders associated with ER stress. Herein, a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe CDI was easily synthesized from the condensation reaction of coumarin and dicyanoisophorone. CDI was composed of coumarin as the electron-donating moiety (D), ethylene and phenyl ring as the π-conjugation bridge, and malononitrile as the electron-accepting moiety (A), forming a typical D-π-A molecular configuration that recognition in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The findings suggested that as the polarity increased, the fluorescence intensity of CDI decreased, and it was accompanied by a redshift of emission wavelength at the excitation wavelength of 524 nm, shifting from 641 nm to 721 nm. Significantly, CDI exhibited a notable ability to effectively target ER and enabled real-time monitoring of ER-phagy induced by starvation or drugs. Most importantly, alterations in polarity can be discerned through in vivo imaging in mice model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CDI has been proven effective in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for RA. ER fluorescent probe CDI can be optically activated in lysosomes, providing a sensitive tool for studying ER-phagy in biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Disease(Rheumatic diseases), Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Disease(Rheumatic diseases), Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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2
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Fakim A, Maatouk BI, Maiti B, Dey A, Alotaiby SH, Moosa BA, Lin W, Khashab NM. Flaring Inflammation and ER Stress by an Organelle-Specific Fluorescent Cage. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401117. [PMID: 38848965 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in protein synthesis and its disruption can cause protein unfolding and misfolding. Accumulation of such proteins leads to ER stress, which ultimately promotes many diseases. Routine screening of ER activity in immune cells can flag serious conditions at early stages, but the current clinically used bio-probes have limitations. Herein, an ER-specific fluorophore based on a biocompatible benzothiadiazole-imine cage (BTD-cage) with excellent photophysical properties is developed. The cage outperforms commercially available ER stains in long-term live cell imaging with no fading or photobleaching over time. The cage is responsive to different levels of ER stress where its fluorescence increases accordingly. Incorporating the bio-probe into an immune disorder model, a 6-, 21-, and 48-fold increase in intensity is shown in THP-1, Raw 246.7, and Jurkat cells, respectively (within 15 min). These results strongly support that this system can be used for rapid visual and selective detection of ER stress. It is envisaged that tailoring molecular interactions and molecular recognition using supramolecular improved fluorophores can expand the library of biological probes for enhanced selectivity and targetability toward cellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Fakim
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batoul I Maatouk
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bappa Maiti
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avishek Dey
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad H Alotaiby
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem A Moosa
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weibin Lin
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Chemistry Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Dutta T, Chakraborty B, Nigam A, Minocha S, Koner AL. A small-molecule probe to decipher stress-induced ER microenvironments and ER-Golgi communication. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38808376 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Cellular stress is a crucial factor in regulating and maintaining both organismal and microenvironmental homeostasis. It induces a response that also affects the micropolarity of specific cellular compartments, which is essential for early disease diagnosis. In this contribution, we present a quantitative study of micropolarity changes inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the G1/S and G2/M phases, using a biocompatible small-molecule fluorophore called ER-Oct. This probe is selectively driven to the ER by its hydrophobicity, and it has the fastest diffusion properties among a series of analogous probes. We found that induced ER stress caused cell cycle arrests leading to an increase in ER micropolarity which is well supported by lambda scanning experiments and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) as well. ER-Oct is a versatile staining agent that could effectively stain the ER in various living/fixed mammalian cells, isolated ER, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mice tissues. Furthermore, we used this probe to visualize a well-known biological event, ER to Golgi transport, by live-cell fluorescence microscopy. Our exhaustive investigation of micropolarity using ER-staining dye provides a new way to study ER stress, which could provide a deeper understanding of proteostasis in model systems and even in fixed patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Dutta
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462066, India.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Barsha Chakraborty
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462066, India.
| | - Aditya Nigam
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India
| | - Shilpi Minocha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462066, India.
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4
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Shah SJ, Singh A, Goswami D, Ishida M, Rath SP. Reversible open-closed conformational switching of nano-size metalloporphyrin dimers triggered by light and temperature. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6758-6765. [PMID: 38533553 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The current work demonstrates the reversible control of substantial molecular motion in 'nano-sized' molecules, where two structural isomers can 'open' and 'close' their cavities in response to light or heat. The isomers differ widely in their photophysical properties, including colour, polarity, two-photon absorption and π-conjugation, and can easily be separated through column chromatography and thus have wide applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jehanger Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Ajitesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Debabrata Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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5
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Munan S, Chang YT, Samanta A. Chronological development of functional fluorophores for bio-imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:501-521. [PMID: 38095135 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04895k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Functional fluorophores represent an emerging research field, distinguished by their diverse applications, especially in sensing and cellular imaging. After the discovery of quinine sulfate and subsequent elucidation of the fluorescence mechanism by Sir George Stokes, research in the field of fluorescence gained momentum. Over the past few decades, advancements in sophisticated instruments, including super-resolution microscopy, have further promoted cellular imaging using traditional fluorophores. These advancements include deciphering sensing mechanisms via photochemical reactions and scrutinizing the applications of fluorescent probes that specifically target organelles. This approach elucidates molecular interactions with biomolecules. Despite the abundance of literature illustrating different classes of probe development, a concise summary of newly developed fluorophores remains inadequate. In this review, we systematically summarize the chronological discovery of traditional fluorophores along with new fluorophores. We briefly discuss traditional fluorophores ranging from visible to near-infrared (NIR) in the context of cellular imaging and in vivo imaging. Furthermore, we explore ten new core fluorophores developed between 2007 and 2022, which exhibit advanced optical properties, providing new insights into bioimaging. We illustrate the utilization of new fluorophores in cellular imaging of biomolecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and proteins and microenvironments, especially pH and viscosity. Few of the fluorescent probes provided new insights into disease progression. Furthermore, we speculate on the potential prospects and significant challenges of existing fluorophores and their potential biomedical research applications. By addressing these aspects, we intend to illuminate the compelling advancements in fluorescent probe development and their potential influence across various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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6
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Sacherer M, Hampel F, Dube H. Diaryl-hemiindigos as visible light, pH, and heat responsive four-state switches and application in photochromic transparent polymers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4382. [PMID: 37474507 PMCID: PMC10359318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoswitches are indispensable tools for responsive chemical nanosystems and are used today in almost all areas of the natural sciences. Hemiindigo (HI) derivatives have recently been introduced as potent photoswitches, but their full applicability has been hampered by the limited possibilities of their functionalization and structural modification. Here we report on a short and easy to diversify synthesis yielding diaryl-HIs bearing one additional aromatic residue at the central double bond. The resulting chromophores offer an advantageous property profile combining red-light responsiveness, high thermal bistability, strong isomer accumulations in both switching directions, strong photochromism, tunable acid responsiveness, and acid gating. With this progress, a broader structural realm becomes accessible for HI photoswitches, which can now be synthetically tailored for advanced future applications, e.g., in research on molecular machines and switches, in studies of photoisomerization mechanisms, or in the generation of smart and addressable materials. To showcase the potential of these distinct light-responsive molecular tools, we demonstrate four-state switching, chemical fueling, and reversible inscription into transparent polymers using green and red light as well as acid/base stimuli, in addition to a comprehensive photochemical study of all compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Sacherer
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Silswal A, Koner AL. Tracking endoplasmic reticulum viscosity during ferroptosis and autophagy using a molecular rotor probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1769-1772. [PMID: 36722395 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06146e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique non-apoptotic cell death process associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related diseases. We have designed and synthesized a far-red emitting and ER targetable viscosity-sensitive fluorophore to track ER-phagy. Furthermore, the ER viscosity alteration during the ferroptosis process was investigated via intensity and lifetime-based spectroscopy and microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Silswal
- Bionanotechonlogy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechonlogy Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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8
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Dutta T, Pal K, Koner AL. Intracellular Physical Properties with Small Organic Fluorescent Probes: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200035. [PMID: 35801859 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular physical parameters i. e., polarity, viscosity, fluidity, tension, potential, and temperature of a live cell are the hallmark of cellular health and have garnered immense interest over the past decade. In this context, small molecule organic fluorophores exhibit prominent useful properties including easy functionalizability, environmental sensitivity, biocompatibility, and fast yet efficient cellular uptakability which has made them a popular tool to understand intra-cellular micro-environmental properties. Throughout this discussion, we have outlined the basic design strategies of small molecules for specific organelle targeting and quantification of physical properties. The values of these parameters are indicative of cellular homeostasis and subtle alteration may be considered as the onset of disease. We believe this comprehensive review will facilitate the development of potential future probes for superior insight into the physical parameters that are yet to be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Dutta
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, INDIA (TD) (ALK
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, INDIA (TD) (ALK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, INDIA (TD) (ALK
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9
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Hu J, Sun Y, Geng X, Wang J, Guo Y, Qu L, Zhang K, Li Z. High-fidelity carbon dots polarity probes: revealing the heterogeneity of lipids in oncology. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:185. [PMID: 35718791 PMCID: PMC9207028 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polarity is an integral microenvironment parameter in biological systems closely associated with a multitude of cellular processes. Abnormal polarity variations accompany the initiation and development of pathophysiological processes. Thus, monitoring the abnormal polarity is of scientific and practical importance. Current state-of-the-art monitoring techniques are primarily based on fluorescence imaging which relies on a single emission intensity and may cause inaccurate detection due to heterogeneous accumulation of the probes. Herein, we report carbon dots (CDs) with ultra-sensitive responses to polarity. The CDs exhibit two linear relationships: one between fluorescence intensity and polarity and the other between polarity and the maximum emission wavelength. The emission spectrum is an intrinsic property of the probes, independent of the excitation intensity or probe concentration. These features enable two-color imaging/quantitation of polarity changes in lipid droplets (LDs) and in the cytoplasm via in situ emission spectroscopy. The probes reveal the polarity heterogeneity in LDs which can be applied to make a distinction between cancer and normal cells, and reveal the polarity homogeneity in cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Hu
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Geng
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliate Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliate Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
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10
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Kundu S, Chatterjee N, Chakraborty S, Gupta A, Goswami D, Misra SK. Poly-lysinated nanoscale carbon probe for low power two-photon bioimaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120778. [PMID: 34998054 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective outcome from dynamic live-cell-imaging requires utilization of a probe with high emission intensity and low photobleaching. It would be preferable to achieve such properties at a low power of the applied laser to avoid any probable damage to biological cells or tissue. Most of the used small-molecule fluorophores have been reported to show significant photobleaching in a time-dependent manner and require high laser power to gain significant intensity for bioimaging. Carbon nanoparticles have recently been successfully used for cell imaging with low bleaching characteristics but require high laser power and lack optical nonlinearity at low power levels. Here, we report the preparation, characterization, and application of a Nanoscale Carbon (NC) which, on being surface decorated with crescent-shaped poly-lysine (PLNC), provides two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and low bleaching properties. PLNC was found to stain the cytoplasm of C2C12 muscle cells in the first four-hours of incubation with high TPF in the infrared range and can be useful for deep tissue imaging with further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Niranjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Centre for Lasers and Photonics, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Arjit Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Debabrata Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; Centre for Lasers and Photonics, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India; The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.
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11
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Tang F, Wu C, Zhai Z, Wang K, Liu X, Xiao H, Zhuo S, Li P, Tang B. Recent progress in small-molecule fluorescent probes for endoplasmic reticulum imaging in biological systems. Analyst 2022; 147:987-1005. [PMID: 35230358 DOI: 10.1039/d1an02290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an indispensable organelle in eukaryotic cells involved in protein synthesis and processing, as well as calcium storage and release. Therefore, maintaining the quality of ER is of great importance for cellular homeostasis. Aberrant fluctuations of bioactive species in the ER will result in homeostasis disequilibrium and further cause ER stress, which has evolved to contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Therefore, the real-time monitoring of various bioactive species in the ER is of high priority to ascertain the mysterious roles of ER, which will contribute to unveiling the corresponding mechanism of organism disturbances. Recently, fluorescence imaging has emerged as a robust technique for the direct visualization of molecular events due to its outstanding sensitivity, high temporal-spatial resolution and noninvasive nature. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress in design strategies, bioimaging applications, potential directions and challenges of ER-targetable small-molecular fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanchen Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaodong Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Xueli Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Haibin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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12
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Singh D, Rajput D, Kanvah S. Fluorescent probes for targeting endoplasmic reticulum: design strategies and their applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2413-2429. [PMID: 35089303 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06944f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in developing organic fluorescent probes and fluorescence imaging techniques have enhanced our understanding of cell biology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic structure that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, post-translational modifications, and lipid metabolism. The malfunction of ER contributes to several physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, the investigations on the imaging and role of ER have attracted a lot of attention. Due to their simplicity, synthetic tunability, photostability, high quantum yields, easier cellular uptake, and lower cytotoxicity, organic fluorophores offer invaluable tools for the precision targeting of various cellular organelles and probe ER dynamics. The precision staining is made possible by incorporating specific functional groups having preferential and local organelle biomolecular interactions. For instance, functional moieties such as methyl sulfonamide, sulfonylurea, and pentafluorophenyl assist in ER targeting and thus have become essential tools to probe a deeper understanding of their dynamics. Furthermore, dual-function fluorescent probes that simultaneously image ER and detect specific physiological parameters or biological analytes were achieved by introducing special recognition or chemically reactive sites. This article attempts to comprehensively capture various design strategies currently employed by researchers utilizing small organic molecules to target the ER and detect specific analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India.
| | - Deeksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India.
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India.
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Lee WH, Lai JZ, Hsu YH, Cheng FY, Luo CL, Huang YC, Lin TC, Chien FC. A two-photon fluorescence probe for cell membrane imaging under temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM). Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13118-13121. [PMID: 34807218 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A small-sized chromophore, BTTA-2OH, manifesting favorable solubility, large two-photon excitation efficiency, and good fluorescence photostability was synthesized to label the membrane of living cells for visualizing the dynamic movement of membrane-related vesicles via a two-photon fluorescence imaging technique based on wavelength-tunable temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Lee
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Zong Lai
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hsu
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Fung-Yu Cheng
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Lung Luo
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chin Huang
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chau Lin
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan. .,NCU-Covestro Research Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
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14
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Biswas S, Dutta T, Silswal A, Bhowal R, Chopra D, Koner AL. Strategic engineering of alkyl spacer length for a pH-tolerant lysosome marker and dual organelle localization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9630-9644. [PMID: 34349935 PMCID: PMC8293980 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term visualization of lysosomal properties is extremely crucial to evaluate diseases related to their dysfunction. However, many of the reported lysotrackers are less conducive to imaging lysosomes precisely because they suffer from fluorescence quenching and other inherent drawbacks such as pH-sensitivity, polarity insensitivity, water insolubility, slow diffusibility, and poor photostability. To overcome these limitations, we have utilized an alkyl chain length engineering strategy and synthesized a series of lysosome targeting fluorescent derivatives namely NIMCs by attaching a morpholine moiety at the peri position of the 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) ring through varying alkyl spacers between morpholine and 1,8-naphthalimide. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized NIMCs were explored by 1H-NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Afterward, optical spectroscopic measurements were carefully performed to identify a pH-tolerant, polarity sensitive, and highly photostable fluoroprobes for further live-cell imaging applications. NIMC6 displayed excellent pH-tolerant and polarity-sensitive properties. Consequently, all NIMCs were employed in kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) to investigate their applicability for lysosome targeting and probing lysosomal micropolarity. Interestingly, a switching of localization from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was also achieved by controlling the linker length and this phenomenon was subsequently applied in determining ER micropolarity. Additionally, the selected probe NIMC6 was also employed in BHK-21 cells for 3-D spheroid imaging and in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) for in vivo imaging, to evaluate its efficacy for imaging animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprakash Biswas
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Tanoy Dutta
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Akshay Silswal
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Rohit Bhowal
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Apurba L Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
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15
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Pal K, Dutta T, Koner AL. An Enumerated Outlook of Intracellular Micropolarity Using Solvatochromic Organic Fluorescent Probes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28-37. [PMID: 33458456 PMCID: PMC7807465 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal distribution of intracellular physical parameters of a live cell is heterogeneous and complex. Measuring physical properties inside given cellular compartments (organelles) is challenging and important for therapy and diagnostics. The tiny volume of a single cell and even tinier organelles are not accessible by classical measuring devices. The microenvironment inside an organelle vastly controls the outcome of any biochemical and biophysical processes taking place inside it, which is crucial for the overall cellular health. Therefore, it is very important to understand the microenvironmental physical properties inside cellular organelles. Moreover, specific alterations of such microenvironmental properties were observed in the disease condition, making them a diagnostic hallmark. With this high demand, small-molecule organic fluorophores are emerging as the most successful tool due to their small relative size, bioavailability, and ease of functionalization. In this mini-review, the development of micropolarity-sensitive small organic fluorophore with the capability of targeting a specific cellular organelle has been discussed. Here, we have highlighted the strategies of targeting a specific organelle, the micropolarity, and the challenges and prospects of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department
of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
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16
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17
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Chen ZE, Qi QL, Zhang H. D-π-A-π-D type solvatochromic fluorescence probes based on triphenylamine: Synthesis, photophysical properties and application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 238:118384. [PMID: 32445979 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two D-π-A-π-D type solvatochromic fluorescence probes (JT1 and JT2) based on triphenylamine have been synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these probes as well as their solvatochromic behavior were studied. The Stokes shifts of JT1 and JT2 reach 175 nm (6417.0 cm-1) and 218.6 nm (9916.7 cm-1) in the acetonitrile solution, respectively. There is an excellent linear correlation between the Stokes shifts and the ET (30) solvent polarity values in different solvents. The high responsiveness of JT1 and JT2 to solvent polarity makes them promising candidates for solvatochromic fluorescence probes, especially for the detection of the polarity of non-proton solvents or the content of water in tetrahydrofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-E Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China.
| | - Qiang-Long Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, China.
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18
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Marques CS, McArdle P, Erxleben A, Burke AJ. Accessing New 5‐α‐(3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindole)‐Benzylamine Derivatives from Isatin: Stereoselective Organocatalytic Three Component Petasis Reaction. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Marques
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE University of Évora Institute for Research and Advanced Studies Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE University of Évora Institute for Research and Advanced Studies Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
- Chemistry Department School of Science and Technology University of Évora Rua Romão Ramalho 59 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
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19
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Dutta T, Pal K, Koner AL. Cellular metabolic activity marker via selective turn-ON detection of transporter protein using nitrobenzoxadiazole-based fluorescent reporter. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4166. [PMID: 32139799 PMCID: PMC7058046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A nitrobenzoxadiazole-based fluoroprobe (NBD-Bu) is designed to probe cellular metabolic activity in cancer and normal cells. NBD-Bu shows a significant fluorescence enhancement upon selective binding to the transport protein serum albumin in PBS buffer at ambient conditions. Encouraged by this finding, the site- specificity of NBD-Bu has been explored through a competitive displacement assay in the presence of site-specific markers such as warfarin and ibuprofen. Notably, even at micromolar concentrations, the probe possesses the ability to displace the site marker drug ibuprofen, efficiently. Subsequently, high-resolution fluorescence imaging results consolidated the potential of NBD-Bu for detection of abnormal cellular metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, (MP), India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, (MP), India
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, lowa, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Apurba L Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, (MP), India.
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20
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Pal K, Kumar P, Koner AL. Deciphering interior polarity of lysosome in live cancer and normal cells using spectral scanning microscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2020; 206:111848. [PMID: 32203725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A lysosome specific, pH tolerant, and polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe (LyPol) is designed and synthesized for the determination of lysosomal polarity in live cells. LyPol possesses an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties with high quantum yield in water and in other polar solvents such as methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, etc. The fluorescence maxima and lifetime increase linearly with a non-specific manner with an increase in the polarity of its surrounding environment. A morpholine group connected with an alkyl linker acts as a lysosome directing moiety, which is attached to the fluorescent core of LyPol. The selective localization of LyPol inside the lysosome was confirmed with live-cell confocal imaging. Further, the spectral scanning confocal technique was utilized to determine the emission spectrum of LyPol inside lysosome, and the polarity turns out to be quite lower as compared to water. Moreover, the combined spectroscopic and live-cell microscopy confirms that the interior of the lysosome is significantly non-polar in cancer cells compared to normal cells. We believe that this report on the measuring polarity inside the biological system with a solvatofluorochromic probe will be of immense interest to researchers working in the multidisciplinary area of biophysics, microscopy, chemical biology, and organelle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Pal
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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21
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Xiao H, Zhang T, Dong Y, Song X, Xing L, Zhou J, Liu Y, Zhuo S. The photophysical properties and imaging application of a new polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe. Analyst 2020; 145:6556-6561. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We develop a new polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe that displays weak fluorescence in low-polarity solvents and intense fluorescence in high-polarity solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
| | - Lingbao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University of Technology
- Zibo 255049
- P. R. China
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22
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Park SJ, Juvekar V, Jo JH, Kim HM. Combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic environment sensitive dyes to detect a wide range of cellular polarity. Chem Sci 2019; 11:596-601. [PMID: 32206276 PMCID: PMC7069515 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ratiometric polarity sensitive probe (RPS-1) contains two dyes of same absorption but different emissions utilized in comprehensive and quantitative detection of wide range of intracellular polarity.
Intracellular polarity is an important parameter of pathological and biological phenomena of cells; abnormal polarities are associated with diabetes, neurological diseases, and cancer. However, previously reported polarity probes have issues with quantitatively detecting intracellular polarities, can measure only a limited range of polarities, and can only detect specific intracellular regions. Here, we developed a novel two-dye system, RPS-1, that contains a new “turn-on” polarity probe (Dye1) based on a spiropyran intramolecular ring closing–opening system activated in polar protic solvents, and a benzothiadiazole containing dye (Dye3), which emits only in non-polar solvents with a large stoke shift. Individually, Dye1 and Dye3 selectively localized to lysosome and lipid droplets, respectively; however, combining these dyes, which have completely different characteristics, via a piperazine linker resulted in the staining of various intracellular organelles. Therefore, as Dye1 and Dye3 have the same absorption but different emissions, combining them resulted in a ratiometric polarity probe that could quantitatively measure a wider polarity range inside the cell using a single excitation source. In addition, ratiometric imaging using our RPS-1 probe to quantitatively detect the distribution of polarity in different cell lines indicated that lysosomes were the most polar organelles in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Park
- Department of Chemistry , Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea .
| | - Vinayak Juvekar
- Department of Chemistry , Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea .
| | - Jae Hyung Jo
- Department of Chemistry , Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea .
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea .
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23
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Sharma V, Kovida, Sahoo D, Varghese N, Mohanta K, Koner AL. Synthesis and photovoltaic application of NIR-emitting perylene-monoimide dyes with large Stokes-shift. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30448-30452. [PMID: 35530228 PMCID: PMC9072103 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient Sonogashira coupling protocol is developed for tetra-alkynylation at the bay and peri-positions of the perylene-monoimide (PMI) dye in its PMI(Br)4 form. The absorption band for these PMI dyes covered from the visible to Near-infrared (NIR) region and PMI(NMe2)4 is found to exhibit a record-breaking Stokes-shifted NIR emission with good photovoltaic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Kovida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Dhananjaya Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Nonu Varghese
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Technology & PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Peelamedu, Avinashi Road Coimbatore 641004 Tamilnadu India
| | - Kallol Mohanta
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Technology & PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Peelamedu, Avinashi Road Coimbatore 641004 Tamilnadu India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
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24
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Shao T, Liu T, Liu H, Zhang M, Shen Y, Gao A, Tian X, Zhang Q, Wu J, Tian Y. Identification of fatty liver disease at diverse stages using two-photon absorption of triphenylamine-based BODIPY analogues. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
03B can target 3T3-L1 model cells at different fatty liver disease (FLD)-induced stages and clearly distinguish FLD tissue and display a lesion in situ.
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25
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Pal K, Sharma A, Koner AL. Synthesis of Two-Photon Active Tricomponent Fluorescent Probe for Distinguishment of Biotin Receptor Positive and Negative Cells and Imaging 3D-Spheroid. Org Lett 2018; 20:6425-6429. [PMID: 30295496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence microscopy-based distinguishment between biotin receptor (BiR) positive and negative cell lines via receptor-mediated endocytosis has been demonstrated. A water-soluble, three-component, two-photon (2P) active solvatofluorochromic probe has been designed and synthesized. The applicability of the probe for 2P microscopy and 3D-spheroid was also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Pal
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal - 462066 , India
| | - Aman Sharma
- ExoCan Healthcare Technologies Pvt. Ltd. , Pune - 411008 , India
| | - Apurba L Koner
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal - 462066 , India
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