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Dasmahapatra U, Maiti B, Alam MM, Chanda K. Anti-cancer property and DNA binding interaction of first row transition metal complexes: A decade update. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116603. [PMID: 38936150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions carry out a wide variety of functions, including acid-base/redox catalysis, structural functions, signaling, and electron transport. Understanding the interactions of transition metal complexes with biomacromolecules is essential for biology, medicinal chemistry, and the production of synthetic metalloenzymes. After the coincidental discovery of cisplatin, importance of the metal complexes in biochemistry became a top priority for inquiry. In this review, a decade update on various synthetic strategies to first row transition metal complex and their interaction with DNA through non-covalent binding are explored. Moreover, this effort provides an excellent analysis on the efficacy of theoretical and practical approaches to the systematic generation of new non-platinum based metallodrugs for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upala Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Mohammed Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, Rabindranath Tagore University, Hojai, Assam, 782435, India.
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2
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and DNA-Binding Study of Metal-Phenalenyl Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:8453159. [PMID: 35464734 PMCID: PMC9023202 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8453159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenalenyl (PLY)-based metal complexes are a new addition to the metal complex family. Various applications of metal-based phenalenyl complexes (metal-PLY) have been reported, such as catalyst, quantum spin simulators, spin electronic devices, and molecular conductors, but the biological significance of metal-PLY (metal = Co(II), Mn(III), Ni(II), Fe(III), and Al(III)) systems has yet to be explored. In this study, the anticancer properties of such complexes were investigated in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3 and HEY A8), and the cytotoxicity was comparable to that of other platinum-based drugs. Antibacterial activity of the metal-PLY complexes against both gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria was studied using a disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. All five metal-PLY complexes showed significant antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. The antioxidant properties of metal-PLY complexes were evaluated following the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method and were acceptable. The DNA-binding properties of these metal-PLY complexes were investigated using absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and thermal denaturation methods. Experimental evidence revealed that the complexes bind to DNA through intercalation, and the molecular docking study supported this conclusion.
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Annunziata A, Liberti D, Bedini E, Cucciolito ME, Loreto D, Monti DM, Merlino A, Ruffo F. Square-Planar vs. Trigonal Bipyramidal Geometry in Pt(II) Complexes Containing Triazole-Based Glucose Ligands as Potential Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168704. [PMID: 34445409 PMCID: PMC8395886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of novel square-planar cationic platinum(II) complexes containing glucoconjugated triazole ligands and a comparison with the results obtained from the corresponding five-coordinate complexes bearing the same triazole ligands. Stability in solution, reactivity with DNA and small molecules of the new compounds were evaluated by NMR, fluorescence, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, together with their cytotoxic action against pairs of immortalized and tumorigenic cell lines. The results show that the square-planar species exhibit greater stability than the corresponding five-coordinate ones. Furthermore, although the square-planar complexes are less cytotoxic than the latter ones, they exhibit a certain selectivity. These results simultaneously demonstrate that overall stability is a fundamental prerequisite for preserving the performance of the agents and that coordinative saturation constitutes a point in favor of their biological action.
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Butsch K, Haseloer A, Schmitz S, Ott I, Schur J, Klein A. Fe III, Cu II and Zn II Complexes of the Rigid 9-Oxido-phenalenone Ligand-Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Cytotoxic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3976. [PMID: 33921452 PMCID: PMC8070161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The three complexes [Fe(opo)3], [Cu(opo)2], and [Zn(opo)2] containing the non-innocent anionic ligand opo- (opo- = 9-oxido-phenalenone, Hopo = 9-hydroxyphenalonone) were synthesised from the corresponding acetylacetonates. [Zn(opo)2] was characterised using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the paramagnetic [Fe(opo)3] and [Cu(opo)2] by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. While the EPR spectra of [Cu(opo)2] and [Cu(acac)2] in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution are very similar, a rather narrow spectrum was observed for [Fe(opo)3] in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in contrast to the very broad spectrum of [Fe(acac)3] in THF (Hacac = acetylacetone, 2,4-pentanedione; acac- = acetylacetonate). The narrow, completely isotropic signal of [Fe(opo)3] disagrees with a metal-centred S = 5/2 spin system that is observed in the solid state. We assume spin-delocalisation to the opo ligand in the sense of an opo- to FeIII electron transfer. All compounds show several electrochemical opo-centred reduction waves in the range of -1 to -3 V vs. the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. However, for CuII and FeIII the very first one-electron reductions are metal-centred. Electronic absorption in the UV to vis range are due to π-π* transitions in the opo core, giving Hopo and [Zn(opo)2] a yellow to orange colour. The structured bands ranging from 400 to 500 for all compounds are assigned to the lowest energy π-π* transitions. They show markedly higher intensities and slight shifts for the CuII (brown) and FeIII (red) complexes and we assume admixing metal contributions (MLCT for CuII, LMCT for FeIII). For both complexes long-wavelength absorptions assignable to d-d transitions were detected. Detailed spectroelectrochemical experiments confirm both the electrochemical and the optical assignments. Hopo and the complexes [Cu(opo)2], [Zn(opo)2], and [Fe(opo)3] show antiproliferative activities against HT-29 (colon cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines in the range of a few µM, comparable to cisplatin under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Butsch
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexander Haseloer
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Simon Schmitz
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Schur
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
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Dutta P, Kumari S, Paulraj J, Sharma R, Vijaykumar G, Sankar Das H, P S, Sil S, Mandal SK, Sengupta A, Sarkar A. Phenalenyl based platinum anticancer compounds with superior efficacy: design, synthesis, characterization, and interaction with nuclear DNA. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New and efficacious phenalenyl based Pt(ii) compounds have been used to design an “easy to use tool” for mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Dutta
- India Innovation Research Center
- Delhi 110092
- India
| | - Smita Kumari
- India Innovation Research Center
- Delhi 110092
- India
| | | | | | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Hari Sankar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Swagata Sil
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
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Dubey RD, Sarkar A, Shen Z, Bregadze VI, Sivaev IB, Druzina AA, Zhidkova OB, Shmal'ko AV, Kosenko ID, P S, Mandal S, Hosmane NS. Effects of Linkers on the Development of Liposomal Formulation of Cholesterol Conjugated Cobalt Bis(dicarbollides). J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1365-1373. [PMID: 33340534 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) remains an important treatment arm for cancer patients with locally invasive malignant tumors. This therapy needs a significant amount of boron to deposit in cancer tissues selectively, sparing other healthy organs. Most of the liposomes contain water-soluble polyhedral boron salts stay in the core of the liposomes and have low encapsulation efficiency. Thus, modifying the polyhedral boron core to make it hydrophobic and incorporating those into the lipid layer could be one of the ways to increase drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. Additionally, a systematic study about the linker-dependent effect on drug encapsulation and drug-release is lacking, particularly for the liposomal formulation of hydrophobic-drugs. To achieve these goals, liposomal formulations of a series of lipid functionalized cobalt bis(dicarbollide) compounds have been prepared, with the linkers of different hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity of the linkers have been evaluated through logP calculation and its effect on drug encapsulation and release have been investigated. The liposomes have shown high drug loading, excellent encapsulation efficiency, stability, and non-toxic behavior. Release experiment showed minimal release of drug from liposomes in phosphate buffer, ensuring some amount of drug, associated with liposomes, can be available to tumor tissues for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Dhar Dubey
- India Innovation Research Center, 465 Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi 110092, India
| | - Arindam Sarkar
- India Innovation Research Center, 465 Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi 110092, India.
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor B Sivaev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga B Zhidkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Akim V Shmal'ko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Kosenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Swadhin Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
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Askari B, Rudbari HA, Valente A, Bruno G, Micale N, Shivalingegowda N, Krishnappagowda LN. Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Studies of Rh(I), Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes Bearing A Dithiooxamide Ligand. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Askari
- Department of Chemistry University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746-73441 Iran
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy
| | - Naveen Shivalingegowda
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology Jain University Bangalore 562 112 India
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