1
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Cao W, Hu Z, Sun H, Wang XB. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Computational Study on Microsolvated [B 10H 10] 2- Clusters and Comparisons to Their [B 12H 12] 2- Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6981-6988. [PMID: 39112434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c04772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Microhydrated closo-boranes have attracted great interest due to their superchaotropic activity related to the well-known Hofmeister effect and important applications in biomedical and battery fields. In this work, we report a combined negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical investigation on hydrated closo-decaborate clusters [B10H10]2-·nH2O (n = 1-7) with a direct comparison to their analogues [B12H12]2-·nH2O and free water clusters. A single H2O molecule is found to be sufficient to stabilize the intrinsically unstable [B10H10]2- dianion. The first two water molecules strongly interact with the solute forming B-H···H-O dihydrogen bonds while additional water molecules show substantially reduced binding energies. Unlike [B12H12]2-·nH2O possessing a highly structured water network with the attached H2O molecules arranged in a unified pattern by maximizing B-H···H-O dihydrogen bonding, distinct structural arrangements of the water clusters within [B10H10]2-·nH2O are achieved with the water cluster networks from trimer to heptamer resembling free water clusters. Such a distinct difference arises from the variations in size, symmetry, and charge distributions between these two dianions. The present finding again confirms the structural diversity of hydrogen-bonding networks in microhydrated closo-boranes and enriches our understanding of aqueous borate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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2
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Samayoa-Oviedo HY, Knorke H, Warneke J, Laskin J. Spontaneous ligand loss by soft landed [Ni(bpy) 3] 2+ ions on perfluorinated self-assembled monolayer surfaces. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10770-10783. [PMID: 39027285 PMCID: PMC11253159 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02527j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal (TM) complexes are widely used in catalysis, photochemical energy conversion, and sensing. Understanding factors that affect ligand loss from TM complexes at interfaces is important both for generating catalytically-active undercoordinated TM complexes and for controlling the degradation pathways of photosensitizers and photoredox catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that well-defined TM complexes prepared on surfaces using ion soft landing undergo substantial structural rearrangements resulting in ligand loss and formation of both stable and reactive undercoordinated species. We employ nickel bipyridine (Ni-bpy) cations as a model system and explore their structural reorganization on surfaces using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. The controlled preparation of surface layers by mass-selected deposition of [Ni(bpy)3]2+ cations provides insights into the chemical reactivity of these species on surfaces. Both surface characterization using mass spectrometry and electronic structure calculations using density functional theory (DFT) indicate that [Ni(bpy)3]2+ undergoes a substantial geometry distortion on surfaces in comparison with its gas-phase structure. This distortion reduces the ligand binding energy and facilitates the formation of the undercoordinated [Ni(bpy)2]2+. Additionally, charge reduction by the soft landed [Ni(bpy)3]2+ facilitates ligand loss. We observe that ligand loss is inhibited by co-depositing [Ni(bpy)3]2+ with a stable anion such as closo-dodecaborate dianion, [B12F12]2-. The strong electrostatic interaction between [Ni(bpy)3]2+ and [B12F12]2- diminishes the distortion of the cation due to interactions with the surface. This interaction stabilizes the soft landed cation by reducing the extent of charge reduction and its structural reorganization. Overall, this study shows the intricate interplay of charge state, ion surface interactions, and stabilization by counterions on the structure and reactivity of metal complexes on surfaces. The combined experimental and computational approach used in this study offers detailed insights into factors that affect the integrity and stability of active species relevant to energy production and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Y Samayoa-Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA +1-765-494-5434
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung (IOM) Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA +1-765-494-5434
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3
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Cao W, Warneke J, Wang XB. Probing the Electronic Structure of [B 10H 10] 2- Dianion Encapsulated by an Octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3361-3369. [PMID: 38651632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite being an important closo-borate in condensed phase boron chemistry, isolated [B10H10]2- is electronically unstable and has never been detected in the gas phase. Herein, we report a successful capture of this fleeting species through binding with an octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (omC4P) molecule to form a stable gaseous omC4P·[B10H10]2- complex and its characterizations utilizing negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES). The recorded NIPE spectrum, contributed by both omC4P and [B10H10]2-, is deconvoluted by subtracting the omC4P contribution to yield a [B10H10]2- spectrum. The obtained [B10H10]2- spectrum consists of four major bands spanning the electron binding energy (EBE) range from 1 to 5 eV, with the EBE gaps matching excellently with the energy intervals of computed high-lying occupied molecular orbitals of the [B10H10]2- dianion. This study showcases a generic method to utilize omC4P to capture unstable multiply charged anions in the gas phase for experimental determination of their electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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4
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Kawa S, Kaur J, Knorke H, Warneke Z, Wadsack M, Rohdenburg M, Nierstenhöfer M, Jenne C, Kenttämaa H, Warneke J. Generation and reactivity of the fragment ion [B 12I 8S(CN)] - in the gas phase and on surfaces. Analyst 2024; 149:2573-2585. [PMID: 38469706 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Gaseous fragment ions generated in mass spectrometers may be employed as "building blocks" for the synthesis of novel molecules on surfaces using ion soft-landing. A fundamental understanding of the reactivity of the fragment ions is required to control bond formation of deposited fragments in surface layers. The fragment ion [B12X11]- (X = halogen) is formed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) from the precursor [B12X12]2- dianion. [B12X11]- is highly reactive and ion soft-landing experiments have shown that this ion binds to the alkyl chains of organic molecules on surfaces. In this work we investigate whether specific modifications of the precursor ion affect the chemical properties of the fragment ions to such an extent that attachment to functional groups of organic molecules on surfaces occurs and binding of alkyl chains is prevented. Therefore, a halogen substituent was replaced by a thiocyanate substituent. CID of the precursor [B12I11(SCN)]2- ion preferentially yields the fragment ion [B12I8S(CN)]-, which shows significantly altered reactivity compared to the fragment ions of [B12I12]2-. [B12I8S(CN)]- has a previously unknown structural element, wherein a sulfur atom bridges three boron atoms. Gas-phase reactions with different neutral reactants (cyclohexane, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl amine) accompanied by theoretical studies indicate that [B12I8S(CN)]- binds with higher selectivity to functional groups of organic molecules than fragment ions of [B12I12]2- (e.g., [B12I11]- and [B12I9]-). These findings were further confirmed by ion soft-landing experiments, which showed that [B12I8S(CN)]- ions attacked ester groups of adipates and phthalates, whereas [B12I11]- ions only bound to alkyl chains of the same reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kawa
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ziyan Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Myriam Wadsack
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marc Nierstenhöfer
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hilkka Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Kawa S, Knorke H, Jin J, Rohdenburg M, Asmis KR, Tonner-Zech R, Bernhardt E, Jenne C, Finze M, Warneke J. Binding Properties of Small Electrophilic Anions [B 6 X 5 ] - and [B 10 X 9 ] - (X=Cl, Br, I): Activation of Small Molecules Based on π-Backbonding. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302247. [PMID: 37749942 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Superelectrophilic anions constitute a special class of molecular anions that show strong binding of weak nucleophiles despite their negative charge. In this study, the binding characteristics of smaller gaseous electrophilic anions of the types [B6 X5 ]- and [B10 X9 ]- (with X=Cl, Br, I) were computationally and experimentally investigated and compared to those of the larger analogues [B12 X11 ]- . The positive charge of vacant boron increases from [B6 X5 ]- via [B10 X9 ]- to [B12 X11 ]- , as evidenced by increasing attachment enthalpies towards typical σ-donor molecules (noble gases, H2 O). However, this behavior is reversed for σ-donor-π-acceptor molecules. [B6 Cl5 ]- binds most strongly to N2 and CO, even more strongly than to H2 O. Energy decomposition analysis confirms that the orbital interaction is responsible for this opposite trend. The extended transition state natural orbitals for chemical valence method shows that the π-backdonation order is [B6 X5 ]- >[B10 X9 ]- >[B12 X11 ]- . This predicted order explains the experimentally observed red shifts of the CO and N2 stretching fundamentals compared to those of the unbound molecules, as measured by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. The strongest red shift is observed for [B6 Cl5 N2 ]- : 222 cm-1 . Therefore, strong activation of unreactive σ-donor-π-acceptor molecules (commonly observed for cationic transition metal complexes) is achieved with metal-free molecular anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kawa
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Poater J, Escayola S, Poater A, Teixidor F, Ottosson H, Viñas C, Solà M. Single─Not Double─3D-Aromaticity in an Oxidized Closo Icosahedral Dodecaiodo-Dodecaborate Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22527-22538. [PMID: 37728951 PMCID: PMC10591335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
3D-aromatic molecules with (distorted) tetrahedral, octahedral, or spherical structures are much less common than typical 2D-aromatic species or even 2D-aromatic-in-3D systems. Closo boranes, [BnHn]2- (5 ≤ n ≤ 14) and carboranes are examples of compounds that are singly 3D-aromatic, and we now explore if there are species that are doubly 3D-aromatic. The most widely known example of a species with double 2D-aromaticity is the hexaiodobenzene dication, [C6I6]2+. This species shows π-aromaticity in the benzene ring and σ-aromaticity in the outer ring formed by the iodine substituents. Inspired by the hexaiodobenzene dication example, in this work, we explore the potential for double 3D-aromaticity in [B12I12]0/2+. Our results based on magnetic and electronic descriptors of aromaticity together with 11B{1H} NMR experimental spectra of boron-iodinated o-carboranes suggest that these two oxidized forms of a closo icosahedral dodecaiodo-dodecaborate cluster, [B12I12] and [B12I12]2+, behave as doubly 3D-aromatic compounds. However, an evaluation of the energetic contribution of the potential double 3D-aromaticity through homodesmotic reactions shows that delocalization in the I12 shell, in contrast to the 10σ-electron I62+ ring in the hexaiodobenzene dication, does not contribute to any stabilization of the system. Therefore, the [B12I12]0/2+ species cannot be considered as doubly 3D-aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
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7
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Kravchenko E, Gippius A, Tkachev A, Golubev A, Kubasov A, Bykov AY, Zhizhin KY, Kuznetsov N. Salts based on perchlorinated closo-dodecaborate anion: First 35Cl NQR studies and crystal structure. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Synthesis, structures, DFT calculations, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of sulfonium derivatives of the closo-decaborate anion [B10X9-cyclo-S(CH2)4]– and [B10X9-cyclo-S(CH2CH2)2O]– (X = H, Cl, Br). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Avdeeva VV, Malinina EA, Zhizhin KY, Kuznetsov NT. Salts and Complexes Containing the Decachloro-closo-Decaborate Anion. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421080017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Warneke J, Wang XB. Measuring Electronic Structure of Multiply Charged Anions to Understand Their Chemistry: A Case Study on Gaseous Polyhedral closo-Borate Dianions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6653-6661. [PMID: 34323504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on multiply charged anions (MCAs) in the gas phase has been intensively performed during the past decades, mainly to understand fundamental molecular physics phenomena, for example, intramolecular Coulomb repulsion and existence of the repulsive Coulomb barrier. However, the relevance of these investigations with respect to understanding MCAs' chemistry appears often vague. Here, we discuss how insights into the electronic structure obtained from negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) combined with theoretical calculations and collision-induced dissociation can provide a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic chemical reactivity of MCAs and their fragments. This is exemplified in our studies on polyhedral closo-borate dianions [BnXn]2- (n = 6, 10, 11, 12; X = H, F-I, CN) and their fragment ions. For example, the rational design of closo-borate dianions with specific electronic properties is described, which leads to generating highly reactive fragments. Depending on the dianionic precursor, these fragments are tuned to either bind noble gases effectively or activate small molecules like CO and N2. The intrinsic electronic properties of closo-borate dianions are further compared to their electrochemistry in solutions, revealing solvent effects on the redox potentials. Neutral host molecules such as cyclodextrins are found to bind strongly to [BnXn]2-, and gas phase NIPES provides insights into the intrinsic host-guest interactions. Finally, outlooks including the direct NIPES of molecular fragment ions that cannot be generated in the condensed phase and their utilization in preparative mass spectrometry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Wang R, Zhang J, Jiang X, Ma N, Chen X, Xu C, Li J. Understanding the Electronic Structure and Stability of
B
n
X
n
0
/2–
(
n
= 4, 6; X = H, F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts) Clusters
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo‐Ya Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jing‐Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xue‐Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nana Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Cong‐Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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12
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Wöhner K, Wulf T, Vankova N, Heine T. Strong Binding of Noble Gases to [B 12X 11] -: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4760-4765. [PMID: 34036781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We systematically explore the stability and properties of [B12X11NG]- adducts resulting from the binding of noble gas atoms to anionic [B12X11]- clusters in the gas phase of mass spectrometers. [B12X11]- can be obtained by stripping one X- off the icosahedral closo-dodecaborate dianion [B12X12]2-. We study the binding of the noble gas atoms He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe to [B12X11]- with substituents X = F, Cl, Br, I, and CN. While He cannot be captured by these clusters and Ne only binds at low temperatures, the complexes with the heavier noble gas atoms Ar, Kr, and Xe show appreciable complexation energies and exceed 1 eV at room temperature in the case of [B12(CN)11Xe]-. The predicted B-NG equilibrium distance in the complexes with Ar, Kr, and Xe is only 0.10-0.25 Å longer than the sum of the covalent radii of the two corresponding atoms, and a significant charge transfer from the noble gas atom to the icosahedral B12 cage is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wöhner
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Wilhelm Ostwald Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toshiki Wulf
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Wilhelm Ostwald Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Vankova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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13
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Golubev AV, Kubasov AS, Turyshev ES, Bykov AY, Zhizhin KY, Kuznetsov NT. Perbrominated Sulfonium-Substituted closo-Decaborates with exo-Polyhedral Amino Groups [2-B10Br9S((CH2)nNH2)2]– (n = 1–3). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023620090041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rohdenburg M, Yang Z, Su P, Bernhardt E, Yuan Q, Apra E, Grabowsky S, Laskin J, Jenne C, Wang XB, Warneke J. Properties of gaseous closo-[B 6X 6] 2- dianions (X = Cl, Br, I). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17713-17724. [PMID: 32728676 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure, collision-induced dissociation (CID) and bond properties of closo-[B6X6]2- (X = Cl-I) are investigated in direct comparison with their closo-[B12X12]2- analogues. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretical investigations reveal that [B6X6]2- dianions are electronically significantly less stable than the corresponding [B12X12]2- species. Although [B6Cl6]2- is slightly electronically unstable, [B6Br6]2- and [B6I6]2- are intrinsically stable dianions. Consistent with the trend in the electron detachment energy, loss of an electron (e- loss) is observed in CID of [B6X6]2- (X = Cl, Br) but not for [B6I6]2-. Halogenide loss (X- loss) is common for [B6X6]2- (X = Br, I) and [B12X12]2- (X = Cl, Br, I). Meanwhile, X˙ loss is only observed for [B12X12]2- (X = Br, I) species. The calculated reaction enthalpies of the three competing dissociation pathways (e-, X- and X˙ loss) indicated a strong influence of kinetic factors on the observed fragmentation patterns. The repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) determines the transition state for the e- and X- losses. A significantly lower RCB for X- loss than for e- loss was found in both experimental and theoretical investigations and can be rationalized by the recently introduced concept of electrophilic anions. The positive reaction enthalpies for X- losses are significantly lower for [B6X6]2- than for [B12X12]2-, while enthalpies for X˙ losses are higher. These observations are consistent with a difference in bond character of the B-X bonds in [B6X6]2- and [B12X12]2-. A complementary bonding analysis using QTAIM, NPA and ELI-D based methods suggests that B-X bonds in [B12X12]2- have a stronger covalent character than in [B6X6]2-, in which X has a stronger halide character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohdenburg
- Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Boron: Its Role in Energy-Related Processes and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8800-8816. [PMID: 31625661 PMCID: PMC7317435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron's unique position in the Periodic Table, that is, at the apex of the line separating metals and nonmetals, makes it highly versatile in chemical reactions and applications. Contemporary demand for renewable and clean energy as well as energy-efficient products has seen boron playing key roles in energy-related research, such as 1) activating and synthesizing energy-rich small molecules, 2) storing chemical and electrical energy, and 3) converting electrical energy into light. These applications are fundamentally associated with boron's unique characteristics, such as its electron-deficiency and the availability of an unoccupied p orbital, which allow the formation of a myriad of compounds with a wide range of chemical and physical properties. For example, boron's ability to achieve a full octet of electrons with four covalent bonds and a negative charge has led to the synthesis of a wide variety of borate anions of high chemical and electrochemical stability-in particular, weakly coordinating anions. This Review summarizes recent advances in the study of boron compounds for energy-related processes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology Sydney81 BroadwayUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Merck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Bor in energiebezogenen Prozessen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney 81 Broadway Ultimo NSW 2007 Australien
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Kanada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Merck KGaA 64293 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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Yuan Q, Cao W, Wang XB. Cryogenic and temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy of metal complexes. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1719699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Li RZ, Yuan Q, Yang Z, Aprà E, Li Z, Azov VA, Kirakci K, Warneke J, Wang XB. Photoelectron spectroscopy of [Mo6X14]2− dianions (X = Cl–I). J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5130185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Zhong Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Edoardo Aprà
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Azov
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kaplan Kirakci
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Aprà E, Warneke J, Xantheas SS, Wang XB. A benchmark photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical study of the electronic stability of [B12H12]2−. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:164306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5089510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Aprà
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnestr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sotiris S. Xantheas
- Advanced Computing, Mathematics and Data Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Yuan Q, Kong XT, Hou GL, Jiang L, Wang XB. Electrospray ionization photoelectron spectroscopy of cryogenic [EDTA·M(ii)]2− complexes (M = Ca, V–Zn): electronic structures and intrinsic redox properties. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:383-395. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00175h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A systematic photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study of divalent transition metal EDTA complexes illustrating the intrinsic correlations of redox properties in the gas and solution phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
| | - Xiang-Tao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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