1
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Peelikuburage BGD, Martens WN, Waclawik ER. Light switching for product selectivity control in photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10168-10207. [PMID: 38722105 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Artificial switchable catalysis is a new, rapidly expanding field that offers great potential advantages for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. Light irradiation is widely accepted as the best stimulus to artificial switchable chemical systems. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis and application of photo-switchable catalysts that can control when and where bond formation and dissociation take place in reactant molecules. Photo-switchable catalysis is a niche area in current catalysis, on which systematic analysis and reviews are still lacking in the scientific literature, yet it offers many intriguing and versatile applications, particularly in organic synthesis. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in photo-switchable catalyst systems that can result in two different chemical product outcomes and thus achieve a degree of control over organic synthetic reactions. Furthermore, this review evaluates different approaches that have been employed to achieve dynamic control over both the catalytic function and the selectivity of several different types of synthesis reactions, along with the remaining challenges and potential opportunities. Owing to the great diversity of the types of reactions and conditions adopted, a quantitative comparison of efficiencies between considered systems is not the focus of this review, instead the review showcases how insights from successful adopted strategies can help better harness and channel the power of photoswitchability in this new and promising area of catalysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan G D Peelikuburage
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Wayde N Martens
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Eric R Waclawik
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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2
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Adrion DM, Lopez SA. Design rules for optimization of photophysical and kinetic properties of azoarene photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7351-7357. [PMID: 37646103 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Azoarenes are an important class of molecular photoswitches that often undergo E → Z isomerization with ultraviolet light and have short Z-isomer lifetimes. Azobenzene has been a widely studied photoswitch for decades but can be poorly suited for photopharmacological applications due to its UV-light absorption and short-lived Z-isomer half-life (t1/2). Recently, diazo photoswitches with one or more thiophene rings in place of a phenyl ring have emerged as promising candidates, as they exhibit a stable photostationary state (98% E → Z conversion) and E-isomer absorption (λmax) in the visible light range (405 nm). In this work, we performed density functional theory calculations [PBE0-D3BJ/6-31+G(d,p)] on 26 hemi-azothiophenes, substituted with one phenyl ring and one thiophene ring on the diazo bond. We calculated the E-isomer absorption (λmax) and Z-isomer t1/2 for a set of 26 hemi-azothiophenes. We compared their properties to thiophene-based photoswitches that have been studied previously. We separated the 26 proposed photoswitches into four quadrants based on their λmax and t1/2 relative to past generations of hemi-azothiophene photoswitches. We note 8 hemi-azothiophenes with redshifted λmax and longer t1/2 than previous systems. Our top candidate has λmax and a t1/2 approaching 360 nm and 279 years, respectively. The results here present a pathway towards leveraging and optimizing two properties of photoswitches previously thought to be inversely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
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3
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Rybak CJ, Andjaba JM, Fan C, Zeller M, Uyeda C. Dinickel-Catalyzed N═N Bond Rotation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5886-5891. [PMID: 37018479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Azoarenes function as molecular switches that can be triggered by external stimuli, such as heat, light, and electrochemical potential. Here, we show that a dinickel catalyst can induce cis/trans isomerization in azoarenes through a N═N bond rotation mechanism. Catalytic intermediates containing azoarenes bound in both the cis and trans forms are characterized. Solid-state structures reveal the importance of π-back-bonding interactions from the dinickel active site in lowering the N═N bond order and accelerating bond rotation. The scope of the catalytic isomerization includes high-performance acyclic, cyclic, and polymeric azoarene switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rybak
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John M Andjaba
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chengyi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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4
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Adrion DM, Lopez SA. Cross-conjugation controls the stabilities and photophysical properties of heteroazoarene photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5989-5998. [PMID: 35014651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Azoarene photoswitches are versatile molecules that interconvert from their E-isomer to their Z-isomer with light. Azobenzene is a prototypical photoswitch but its derivatives can be poorly suited for in vivo applications such as photopharmacology due to undesired photochemical reactions promoted by ultraviolet light and the relatively short half-life (t1/2) of the Z-isomer (2 days). Experimental and computational studies suggest that these properties (λmax of the E isomer and t1/2 of the Z-isomer) are inversely related. We identified isomeric azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans from a high-throughput screening study of 1540 azoarenes as photoswitch candidates with improved λmax and t1/2 values relative to azobenzene. We used density functional theory to predict the activation free energies and vertical excitation energies of the E- and Z-isomers of 2,2- and 3,3-substituted azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans. The half-lives depend on whether the heterocycles are π-conjugated or cross-conjugated with the diazo π-bond. The 2,2-substituted azoarenes both have t1/2 values on the scale of 1 hour, while the 3,3-analogues have computed half-lives of 40 and 230 years (thiophene and furan, respectively). The 2,2-substituted heteroazoarenes have significantly higher λmax absorptions than their 3,3-substituted analogues: 76 nm for azofuran and 77 nm for azothiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
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5
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Mukadum F, Nguyen Q, Adrion DM, Appleby G, Chen R, Dang H, Chang R, Garnett R, Lopez SA. Efficient Discovery of Visible Light-Activated Azoarene Photoswitches with Long Half-Lives Using Active Search. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5524-5534. [PMID: 34752100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitches are molecules that undergo a reversible, structural isomerization after exposure to certain wavelengths of light. The dynamic control offered by molecular photoswitches is favorable for materials chemistry, photopharmacology, and catalysis applications. Ideal photoswitches absorb visible light and have long-lived metastable isomers. We used high-throughput virtual screening to predict the absorption maxima (λmax) of the E-isomer and half-life (t1/2) of the Z-isomer. However, computing the photophysical and kinetic stabilities with density functional theory of each entry of a virtual molecular library containing thousands or millions of molecules is prohibitively time-consuming. We applied active search, a machine-learning technique, to intelligently search a chemical search space of 255 991 photoswitches based on 29 known azoarenes and their derivatives. We iteratively trained the active search algorithm on whether a candidate absorbed visible light (λmax > 450 nm). Active search was found to triple the discovery rate compared to random search. Further, we projected 1962 photoswitches to 2D using the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection algorithm and found that λmax depends on the core, which is tunable by substituents. We then incorporated a second stage of screening to predict the stabilities of the Z-isomers for the top candidates of each core. We identified four ideal photoswitches that concurrently satisfy the following criteria: λmax > 450 nm and t1/2 > 2 h.These candidates had λmax and t1/2 range from 465 to 531 nm and hours to days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Mukadum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Gabriel Appleby
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Haley Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Remco Chang
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Roman Garnett
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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6
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Fang D, Zhang ZY, Shangguan Z, He Y, Yu C, Li T. (Hetero)arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles: "Clicked" Photoswitches for Versatile Functionalization and Electronic Decoupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14502-14510. [PMID: 34476949 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of light-responsive chemical systems often relies on the rational design and suitable incorporation of molecular photoswitches such as azobenzenes. Linking a photoswitch core with another π-conjugated molecular entity may give rise to intramolecular electronic coupling, which can dramatically impair the photoswitch function. Decoupling strategies have been developed based on additionally inserting a linker that can disrupt the through-bond electronic communication. Here we show that 1,2,3-triazole-a commonly used decoupling spacer-can be directly merged into the azoswitch core to construct a class of "self-decoupling" azoswitches called (hetero)arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles. Such azotriazole photoswitches are easily accessed and modularly functionalized by click chemistry. Their photoswitch property can be optimized by rational design of the substituent groups or heteroaryl rings, allowing (near-)quantitative E⇆Z photoisomerization yields and tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives from days to years. Combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the electronic structure of the photoswitch core is not substantially affected by various substituents attached to the 1,2,3-triazole unit, benefiting from its cross-conjugated nature. The combination of clickable synthesis, tunable photoswitch property, and self-decoupling ability makes (hetero)arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles intriguing molecular tools in developing photoresponsive systems with desired performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Adrion DM, Kaliakin DS, Neal P, Lopez SA. Benchmarking of Density Functionals for Z-Azoarene Half-Lives via Automated Transition State Search. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6474-6485. [PMID: 34260236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches use light to interconvert from a thermodynamically stable isomer into a metastable isomer. Photoswitches have been used in photopharmacology, catalysis, and molecular solar thermal (MOST) materials because of their spatiotemporal activation. Visible-light-absorbing photoswitches are especially attractive because low-energy light minimizes undesired photochemical reactions and enables biological applications. Ideal photoswitches require well-separated absorption spectra for both isomers and long-lived metastable states. However, predicting thermal half-lives with density functional theory is difficult because it requires locating transition structures and chosing an accurate model chemistry. We now report EZ-TS; by automatically calculating activation energies for the thermal Z → E isomerization. We used 28 density functionals [local spin density approximation, generalized gradient approximation, meta-GGA, hybrid GGA, and hybrid meta-GGA] and five basis sets [6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVDZ]. The hybrid GGA functionals performed the best among all tested functionals. We demonstrate that the mean absolute errors of 14 model chemistries approach chemical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Danil S Kaliakin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Patrick Neal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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9
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang Z, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near‐) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half‐Lives from Hours to Years**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhao‐Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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10
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang ZY, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near-) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half-Lives from Hours to Years*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16539-16546. [PMID: 33852166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are classical molecular photoswitches that have been widely used. In recent endeavors of molecular design, replacing one or both phenyl rings with heteroaromatic rings has emerged as a strategy to expand molecular diversity and access improved photoswitching properties. Many mono-heteroaryl azo molecules with unique structures and/or properties have been developed, but the potential of bis-heteroaryl architectures is far from fully exploited. We report a family of azobispyrazoles, which combine (near-)quantitative bidirectional photoconversion and widely tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives from hours to years. The two five-membered rings remarkably weaken the intramolecular steric hindrance, providing new possibilities for engineering the geometric and electronic structure of azo photoswitches. Azobispyrazoles generally exhibit twisted Z-isomers that facilitate complete Z→E photoisomerization, and their thermal stability can be broadly adjusted regardless of the twisted shape, overcoming the conflict between photoconversion (favored by the twisted shape) and Z-isomer stability (favored by the orthogonal shape) encountered by mono-heteroaryl azo switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Slavov C, Yang C, Heindl AH, Wegner HA, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J. Thiophenylazobenzene: An Alternative Photoisomerization Controlled by Lone-Pair⋅⋅⋅π Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:380-387. [PMID: 31595575 PMCID: PMC6973119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Azoheteroarene photoswitches have attracted attention due to their unique properties. We present the stationary photochromism and ultrafast photoisomerization mechanism of thiophenylazobenzene (TphAB). It demonstrates impressive fatigue resistance and photoisomerization efficiency, and shows favorably separated (E)- and (Z)-isomer absorption bands, allowing for highly selective photoconversion. The (Z)-isomer of TphAB adopts an unusual orthogonal geometry where the thiophenyl group is perfectly perpendicular to the phenyl group. This geometry is stabilized by a rare lone-pair⋅⋅⋅π interaction between the S atom and the phenyl group. The photoisomerization of TphAB occurs on the sub-ps to ps timescale and is governed by this interaction. Therefore, the adoption and disruption of the orthogonal geometry requires significant movement along the inversion reaction coordinates (CNN and NNC angles). Our results establish TphAB as an excellent photoswitch with versatile properties that expand the application possibilities of AB derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Chong Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
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12
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He MQ, Chen S, Yao K, Meng J, Wang K, Yu YL, Wang JH. Precisely Tuning LSPR Property via “Peptide-Encoded” Morphological Evolution of Gold Nanorods for Quantitative Visualization of Enzyme Activity. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1395-1401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi He
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Kan Yao
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jie Meng
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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13
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Slavov C, Yang C, Heindl AH, Wegner HA, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J. Thiophenylazobenzene: An Alternative Photoisomerization Controlled by Lone‐Pair⋅⋅⋅π Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Chong Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
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14
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Shen L, Huang X. Tuning the morphologies and electrical properties of azobenzene-4,4′-dicarboxylate-doped polypyrrole via ultraviolet light irradiation and medium pH alteration. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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