1
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Jin L, Selopal GS, Tong X, Perepichka DF, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Heavy-Metal-Free Colloidal Quantum Dots: Progress and Opportunities in Solar Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402912. [PMID: 38923167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise as building blocks in solar technologies owing to their remarkable photostability and adjustable properties through the rationale involving size, atomic composition of core and shell, shapes, and surface states. However, most high-performing QDs in solar conversion contain hazardous metal elements, including Cd and Pb, posing significant environmental risks. Here, a comprehensive review of heavy-metal-free colloidal QDs for solar technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) devices, solar-to-chemical fuel conversion, and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), is presented. Emerging synthetic strategies to optimize the optical properties by tuning the energy band structure and manipulating charge dynamics within the QDs and at the QDs/charge acceptors interfaces, are analyzed. A comparative analysis of different synthetic methods is provided, structure-property relationships in these materials are discussed, and they are correlated with the performance of solar devices. This work is concluded with an outlook on challenges and opportunities for future work, including machine learning-based design, sustainable synthesis, and new surface/interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, National Institute of Scientific Research, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Rd, Banting Building, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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2
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Wang J, Sun J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Cheng K, Chen Y, Zhou F, Luo J, Li T, Guo J, Xu B. The CuSCN layer between BiVO 4 and NiFeO x for facilitating photogenerated carrier transfer and water oxidation kinetics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:57-65. [PMID: 38583210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Modification of oxygen evolution co-catalyst (OEC) on the surface of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) can effectively improve the kinetics of water oxidation, but it is still limited by the small hole extraction driving force at the BiVO4/OEC interface. Modulating the BiVO4/OEC interface with a hole transfer layer (HTL) is expected to facilitate hole transport from BiVO4 to the OEC surface. Herein, a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) HTL is inserted between BiVO4 and NiFeOx OEC to create BiVO4/CuSCN/NiFeOx photoanode, resulting in a significant enhancement of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. From electrochemical analyses and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, the markedly enhanced PEC performance is attributed to the insertion of CuSCN as an HTL, which promotes the extraction of holes from BiVO4 surface and boosts the water oxidation kinetics. The optimal photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 5.6 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) and an impressive charge separation efficiency of 96.2 %. This work offers valuable insights into the development of advanced photoanodes for solar energy conversion and emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate HTL to mitigate recombination at the BiVO4/OEC interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jidong Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Fangzhou Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jujie Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Tianbao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030032, China
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3
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Alam S, Ali M, Bang JH. Dual Functionality of Surface States in Dictating Photocurrent Generation of Au Nanocluster-Sensitized TiO 2 Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30068-30076. [PMID: 38820718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), composed of only a few atoms, exhibit molecule-like behavior due to their distinct electronic structures arising from quantum confinement effects. Unlike their plasmonic nanoparticle counterparts, these nonplasmonic Au NCs possess unique properties with significant potential for photosensitizer applications. While traditional and NC-based electrodes share architectural similarities, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of the latter diverges significantly. Sensitizing TiO2 with Au NCs introduces additional surface trap states. In contrast to conventional photosensitizers, where surface states typically have a negligible impact on hole transfer, these trap states actively mediate the charge transfer process in Au NC-sensitized TiO2 electrodes. In this study, we employed impedance spectroscopy to elucidate the role of surface trap states in photocurrent generation. Our investigation revealed that these states are critical in determining PEC performance, presenting a dichotomy: they facilitate charge transfer (enhancing PEC performance) while simultaneously promoting carrier recombination (limiting efficiency). We demonstrated that the judicious control of otherwise deleterious surface trap states can significantly boost photocurrent. Our findings highlight that the dual nature of surface trap states demands a comprehensive investigation to fully understand their intricate impact on PEC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib Alam
- Nanosensor Research Institute, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Bang
- Nanosensor Research Institute, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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4
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Xiang D, Jin X, Sun G, Zhong C, Gao S. Oxygen vacancy engineering of ultra-small CuWO 4 nanoparticles for boosting photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7839-7847. [PMID: 38624191 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have attracted great interest in the field of photocatalytic degradation due to their larger specific surface area and efficient charge/mass transfer ability, which are beneficial for enhancing photocatalytic activity. However, the bandgap of photocatalysts would increase with the size reduction, weakening the photoabsorption ability. Thus the relationship between the size of catalysts and photoactivity should be balanced to achieve optimal photocatalytic performance. Herein, ultra-small CuWO4 nanoparticles (ca. 39 nm) with moderate oxygen vacancies (CuWO4-OVs) were synthesized by the cascade strategy (ligand confinement@fast calcination). The introduction of oxygen vacancies offset the deficiency of light absorption ability caused by the small size effect. Besides, oxygen vacancies could provide more reaction active sites, conducive to the adsorption and activation of dye molecules and H2O. Degradation experiments reveal that the optimized photocatalyst CuWO4-OVs 350 shows outstanding photocatalytic activity, and the removal ratio of methylene blue (MB) reaches over 90.26% in 70 min, exceeding that of pure CuWO4-air (37.66%). Additionally, the degradation performance of CuWO4-OVs 350 surpasses most of the other CuWO4-based photocatalytic systems. More importantly, the photocatalytic degradation activity of CuWO4-OVs 350 could remain at 88.26% even after five cycles, and high photostability was achieved. This work affords constructive inspiration for synergistic photoactivity enhancement and increase of catalyst reaction active sites to achieve eminent photocatalytic degradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhou Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Guilin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Chenghuan Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
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5
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Liu D, Kuang Y. Particle-Based Photoelectrodes for PEC Water Splitting: Concepts and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311692. [PMID: 38619834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, specifically focusing on the design, fabrication, and optimization of particle-based photoelectrodes for efficient green hydrogen production. These photoelectrodes, composed of semiconductor materials, potentially harness light energy and generate charge carriers, driving water oxidation and reduction reactions. The versatility of particle-based photoelectrodes as a platform for investigating and enhancing various semiconductor candidates is explored, particularly the emerging complex oxides with compelling charge transfer properties. However, the challenges presented by many factors influencing the performance and stability of these photoelectrodes, including particle size, shape, composition, morphology, surface modification, and electrode configuration, are highlighted. The review introduces the fundamental principles of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, presents an exhaustive overview of different synthesis methods for semiconductor powders and their assembly into photoelectrodes, and discusses recent advances and challenges in photoelectrode material development. It concludes by offering promising strategies for improving photoelectrode performance and stability, such as the adoption of novel architectures and heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yongbo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A)Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Zhou J, Cheng H, Cheng J, Wang L, Xu H. The Emergence of High-Performance Conjugated Polymer/Inorganic Semiconductor Hybrid Photoelectrodes for Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300418. [PMID: 37421184 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion holds great potential in converting solar energy into storable and transportable chemicals or fuels, providing a viable route toward a carbon-neutral society. Conjugated polymers are rapidly emerging as a new class of materials for PEC water splitting. They exhibit many intriguing properties including tunable electronic structures through molecular engineering, excellent light harvesting capability with high absorption coefficients, and facile fabrication of large-area thin films via solution processing. Recent advances have indicated that integrating rationally designed conjugated polymers with inorganic semiconductors is a promising strategy for fabricating efficient and stable hybrid photoelectrodes for high-efficiency PEC water splitting. This review introduces the history of developing conjugated polymers for PEC water splitting. Notable examples of utilizing conjugated polymers to broaden the light absorption range, improve stability, and enhance the charge separation efficiency of hybrid photoelectrodes are highlighted. Furthermore, key challenges and future research opportunities for further improvements are also presented. This review provides an up-to-date overview of fabricating stable and high-efficiency PEC devices by integrating conjugated polymers with state-of-the-art semiconductors and would have significant implications for the broad solar-to-chemical energy conversion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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7
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He Y, Zhang R, Wang Z, Ye H, Zhao H, Lu B, Du P, Lu X. Unveiling the Influence of Sulfur Doping on Photoelectrochemical Performance in BiVO 4/FeOOH Heterostructures. Anal Chem 2024; 96:110-116. [PMID: 38150391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BiVO4 is a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting but suffers from high charge carrier recombination and sluggish surface water oxidation kinetics that limit its efficiency. In this work, a model of sulfur-incorporated FeOOH cocatalyst-loaded BiVO4 was constructed. The composite photoanode (BiVO4/S-FeOOH) demonstrates an enhanced photocurrent density of 3.58 mA cm-2, which is 3.7 times higher than that of the pristine BiVO4 photoanode. However, the current explanations for the generation of enhanced photocurrent signals through the incorporation of elements and cocatalyst loading remain unclear and require further in-depth research. In this work, the hole transfer kinetics were investigated by using a scanning photoelectrochemical microscope (SPECM). The results suggest that the incorporation of sulfur can effectively improve the charge transfer capacity of FeOOH. Moreover, the oxygen evolution reaction model provides evidence that S-doping can induce a "fast" surface catalytic reaction at the cocatalyst/solution interface. The work not only presents a promising approach for designing a highly efficient photoanode but also offers valuable insights into the role of element doping in the PEC water-splitting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaorong He
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
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8
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Chen R, Meng L, Xu W, Li L. Cocatalysts-Photoanode Interface in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Understanding and Insights. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304807. [PMID: 37653598 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Sluggish oxygen evolution reactions on photoanode surfaces severely limit the application of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The loading of cocatalysts on photoanodes has been recognized as the simplest and most efficient optimization scheme, which can reduce the surface barrier, provide more active sites, and accelerate the surface catalytic reaction kinetics. Nevertheless, the introduction of cocatalysts inevitably generates interfaces between photoanodes and oxygen evolution cocatalysts (Ph/OEC), which causes severe interfacial recombination and hinders the carrier transfer. Recently, many researchers have focused on cocatalyst engineering, while few have investigated the effect of the Ph/OEC interface. Hence, to maximize the advantages of cocatalysts, interfacial problems for designing efficient cocatalysts are systematically introduced. In this review, the interrelationship between the Ph/OEC and PEC performance is classified and some methods for characterizing Ph/OEC interfaces are investigated. Additionally, common interfacial optimization strategies are summarized. This review details cocatalyst-design-based interfacial problems, provides ideas for designing efficient cocatalysts, and offers references for solving interfacial problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Linxing Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
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9
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Hilbrands AM, Goetz MK, Choi KS. C-C Bond Formation Coupled with C-C Bond Cleavage during Oxidative Upgrading of Glycerol on a Nanoporous BiVO 4 Photoanode. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25382-25391. [PMID: 37939244 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Production of biodiesel generates glycerol as a 10 wt% byproduct. Therefore, efficient and selective glycerol upgrading is critical for the sustainable production of biodiesel as well as for the production of chemicals from renewable feedstocks. In this study, the photoelectrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) was investigated using a nanoporous BiVO4 photoanode in pH 9.3 and pH 2 buffer solutions. In both solutions, glycolaldehyde (GCAD), a C2 species, was the major product, which has never been the major product in any previous electrochemical or photoelectrochemical GOR study. To produce GCAD from the C3 species glycerol, C-C cleavage should occur to produce C2 and C1 species with a 1:1 ratio. Intriguingly, our results show that, during photoelectrochemical GOR on BiVO4, more GCAD is produced than can be explained by simple C-C cleavage, meaning that GCAD is also produced from C-C coupling of two C1 species produced from C-C cleavage. This is equivalent to converting two glycerol molecules to three GCAD molecules, which offers an extraordinary way to maximize GCAD production. To gain further insight into the nature of this unprecedented C-C coupling during GOR, photoelectrochemical oxidation of intermediate oxidation products (glyceraldehyde and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone) and glycerol-1,3-13C2 was compared to that of standard glycerol. Photoelectrochemical GOR was also compared with electrochemical GOR on BiVO4 to interrogate whether light is critical for the observed C-C coupling. Results obtained from comprehensive control experiments revealed critical information about C-C cleavage and C-C coupling during GOR on BiVO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hilbrands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - McKenna K Goetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kyoung-Shin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Nomellini C, Polo A, Mesa CA, Pastor E, Marra G, Grigioni I, Dozzi MV, Giménez S, Selli E. Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance of WO 3/BiVO 4 Heterojunction Photoanodes via WO 3 Nanostructuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 37921705 PMCID: PMC10658457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanodes can be efficiently employed in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for the conversion of water into molecular oxygen, the kinetic bottleneck of water splitting. Composite WO3/BiVO4 photoelectrodes possessing a nanoflake-like morphology have been synthesized through a multistep process and their PEC performance was investigated in comparison to that of WO3/BiVO4 photoelectrodes displaying a planar surface morphology and similar absorption properties and thickness. PEC tests, also in the presence of a sacrificial hole scavenger, electrochemical impedance analysis under simulated solar irradiation, and incident photon to current efficiency measurements highlighted that charge transport and charge recombination issues affecting the performance of the planar composite can be successfully overcome by nanostructuring the WO3 underlayer in nanoflake-like WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nomellini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Camilo A. Mesa
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
- IPR−Institut
de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251 Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gianluigi Marra
- Eni
S.p.A Novara Laboratories (NOLAB) Renewable, New Energies and Material
Science Research Center (DE-R&D) Via G. Fauser 4, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Rettenmaier K, Zickler GA, Berger T. Conformal Coverage of ZnO Nanowire Arrays by ZnMnO 3 : Room-temperature Photodeposition from Aqueous Solution. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300250. [PMID: 37534548 PMCID: PMC10962551 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Compositionally and structurally complex semiconductor oxide nanostructures gain importance in many energy-related applications. Simple and robust synthesis routes ideally complying with the principles of modern green chemistry are therefore urgently needed. Here we report on the one-step, room-temperature synthesis of a crystalline-amorphous biphasic ternary metal oxide at the ZnO surface using aqueous precursor solutions. More specifically, conformal and porous ZnMnO3 shells are photodeposited from KMnO4 solution onto immobilized ZnO nanowires acting not only as the substrate but also as the Zn precursor. This water-based, low temperature process yields ZnMnO3 /ZnO composite electrodes featuring in 1 M Na2 SO4 aqueous solution capacitance values of 80-160 F g-1 (as referred to the total mass of the porous film i. e. the electroactive ZnMnO3 phase and the ZnO nanowire array). Our results highlight the suitability of photodeposition as a simple and green route towards complex functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Rettenmaier
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Straße 2a5020SalzburgAustria
| | - Gregor A. Zickler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Straße 2a5020SalzburgAustria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of MaterialsUniversity of SalzburgJakob-Haringer-Straße 2a5020SalzburgAustria
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12
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Yang G, Yang W, Gu H, Fu Y, Wang B, Cai H, Xia J, Zhang N, Liang C, Xing G, Yang S, Chen Y, Huang W. Perovskite-Solar-Cell-Powered Integrated Fuel Conversion and Energy-Storage Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300383. [PMID: 36906920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received considerable attention over the past decade owing to their potential for low-cost, solution-processable, earth-abundant, and high-performance superiority, increasing power conversion efficiencies of up to 25.7%. Solar energy conversion into electricity is highly efficient and sustainable, but direct utilization, storage, and poor energy diversity are difficult to achieve, resulting in a potential waste of resources. Considering its convenience and feasibility, converting solar energy into chemical fuels is regarded as a promising pathway for boosting energy diversity and expanding its utilization. In addition, the energy conversion-storage integrated system can efficiently sequentially capture, convert, and store energy in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, a comprehensive overview focusing on PSC-self-driven integrated devices with a discussion of their development and limitations remains lacking. Here, focus is on the development of representative configurations of emerging PSC-based photo-electrochemical devices including self-charging power packs, unassisted solar water splitting/CO2 reduction. The advanced progresses in this field, including configuration design, key parameters, working principles, integration strategies, electrode materials, and their performance evaluations are also summarized. Finally, scientific challenges and future perspectives for ongoing research in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Hairui Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Junmin Xia
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710000, P. R. China
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13
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Sun X, Lan Z, Wang M, Geng Q, Lv X, Li M. Multifunctional Role of Ag-Substitution in Enhancing the Photoelectrochemical Properties of LaFeO 3 Photocathodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300645. [PMID: 37438975 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Earth-abundant LaFeO3 is a promising p-type semiconductor for photoelectrochemical cells due to its stable photoresponses, high photovoltages and appropriate band alignments, but the photoelectrochemical properties of LaFeO3 , especially the incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency, need to be further improved. Herein, we propose to partially substitute La3+ of LaFeO3 with Ag+ to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of LaFeO3 . The combined experimental and computational studies show that Ag-substitution improves surface charge transfer kinetics through introducing active electronic states and increasing electrochemically active surface areas. Furthermore, Ag-substitution decreases grain boundary number and increases majority carrier density, which promotes bulk charge transports. Ag-substitution also reduces the bandgap energy, increasing the flux of carriers involved in photoelectrochemical reactions. As a result, after 8 % Ag-substitution, the photocurrent density of LaFeO3 is enhanced by more than 6 times (-0.64 mA cm-2 at 0.5 V vs RHE) in the presence of oxygen, which is the highest photocurrent gain compared with other cation substitution or doping. The corresponding photocurrent onset potential also demonstrates a positive shift of 30 mV. This work highlights the versatile effects of Ag-substitution on the photoelectrochemical properties of LaFeO3 , which can provide useful insights into the mechanism of enhanced photoelectrochemical performance by doping or substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhineng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qi Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaojun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Meicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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14
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Nomellini C, Polo A, Grigioni I, Marra G, Dozzi MV, Selli E. Ni(II)-doped CuWO 4 photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00484-4. [PMID: 37831332 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
CuWO4 has emerged in the last years as a ternary metal oxide material for photoanodes application in photoelectrochemical cells, thanks to its relatively narrow band gap, high stability and selectivity toward the oxygen evolution reaction, though largely limited by its poor charge separation efficiency. Aiming at overcoming this limitation, we investigate here the effects that Cu(II) ion substitution has on the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of copper tungstate. Optically transparent CuWO4 thin-film photoanodes, prepared via spin coating and containing different amounts of Ni(II) ions, were fully characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and SEM analyses, and their PEC performance was tested via linear sweep voltammetry, incident photon to current efficiency and internal quantum efficiency analyses. From tests performed in the presence of a hole scavenger-containing electrolyte, the charge injection and separation efficiencies of the electrodes were also calculated. Pure-phase crystalline and/or heterojunction materials were obtained with higher PEC performance compared to pure CuWO4, mainly due to a significantly enhanced charge separation efficiency in the bulk of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nomellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Marra
- ENI S.p.A. Novara Laboratories (NOLAB), Renewable New Energies and Material Science Research Center (DE-R&D), Via G. Fauser 4, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Grigioni I, Polo A, Nomellini C, Vigni L, Poma A, Dozzi MV, Selli E. Nature of Charge Carrier Recombination in CuWO 4 Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:10020-10029. [PMID: 37830012 PMCID: PMC10565723 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
CuWO4 is a ternary semiconductor oxide with excellent visible light harvesting properties up to 550 nm and stability at high pH values, which make it a suitable material to build photoanodes for solar light conversion to hydrogen via water splitting. In this work, we studied the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of transparent CuWO4 electrodes with tunable light absorption and thickness, aiming at identifying the intrinsic bottlenecks of photogenerated charge carriers in this semiconductor. We found that electrodes with optimal CuWO4 thickness exhibit visible light activity due to the absorption of long-wavelength photons and a balanced electron and hole extraction from the oxide. The PEC performance of CuWO4 is light-intensity-dependent, with charge recombination increasing with light intensity and most photogenerated charge carriers recombining in bulk sites, as demonstrated by PEC tests performed in the presence of sacrificial agents or cocatalysts. The best-performing 580 nm thick CuWO4 electrode delivers a photocurrent of 0.37 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VSHE, with a 7% absorbed photon to current efficiency over the CuWO4 absorption spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Nomellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Vigni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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16
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Yang N, Zhang S, Xiao Y, Qi Y, Bao Y, Xu P, Jin S, Zhang F. Insight into the Key Restriction of BiVO 4 Photoanodes Prepared by Pyrolysis Method for Scalable Preparation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308729. [PMID: 37452650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4 ) photoanode has been popularly investigated for promising solar water oxidation, but its intrinsic performance has been greatly retarded by the direct pyrolysis method. Here we insight the key restriction of BiVO4 prepared by metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method. It is found that the evaporation of vanadium during the pyrolysis tends to cause a substantial phase impurity, and the unexpected few tetragonal phase inhibits the charge separation evidently. Consequently, suitably excessive vanadium precursor was adopted to eliminate the phase impurity, based on which the obtained intrinsic BiVO4 photoanode could exhibit photocurrent density of 4.2 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE under AM 1.5 G irradiation, as comparable to the one fabricated by the currently popular two-step electrodeposition method. Furthermore, the excellent performance can be maintained on the enlarged photoanode (25 cm2 ), demonstrating the advantage of MOD method in scalable preparation. Our work provides new insight and highlights the glorious future of MOD method for the design of scale-up efficient BiVO4 photoanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengcong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yejun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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17
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Xing XS, Zeng X, Zhou Z, Song X, Jing X, Yuan M, Xu C, Ren X, Du J. Regulating a Zn/Co bimetallic catalyst in a metal-organic framework and oxyhydroxide for improved photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11203-11212. [PMID: 37522640 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01198d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most popular photoanode materials, hematite (α-Fe2O3) has obvious advantages in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC-WS). However, it is difficult to achieve excellent PEC-WS performance without loading a cocatalyst serving as an electron/hole collector to promote photogenerated carrier separation. In this work, FTO/Sn@α-Fe2O3 photoanodes are modified with ZnCo-ZIF and ZnCoOOH bimetallic catalysts to obtain FTO/Sn@α-Fe2O3/Zn0.5Co0.5-ZIF and FTO/Sn@α-Fe2O3/Zn0.46Co0.54OOH photoanodes. Their photocurrent densities reach 2.6 mA cm-2 and 2.3 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, respectively. The detailed mechanism studies demonstrate that both ZnCoOOH and ZnCo-ZIF can effectively decrease the transfer resistance, increase the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and reduce the charge recombination of the α-Fe2O3 film, which synergistically improves the PEC-WS performance. Compared with ZnCoOOH, the ZnCo-ZIF exhibits better photogenerated carrier transfer efficiency and catalytic performance, which mainly can be attributed to the improved binding energy between the ZnCo-ZIF catalyst and the α-Fe2O3 film. This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for constructing bimetallic catalysts and deepens the understanding of different types of bimetallic catalysts for high-performance PEC-WS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shuang Xing
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Xuyang Zeng
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohua Jing
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Cuiying Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofei Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Jimin Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, P. R. China.
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18
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Liu B, Wang S, Zhang G, Gong Z, Wu B, Wang T, Gong J. Tandem cells for unbiased photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37325843 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00145h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is an essential energy carrier which will address the challenges posed by the energy crisis and climate change. Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC) is an important method for producing solar-powered hydrogen. The PEC tandem configuration harnesses sunlight as the exclusive energy source to drive both the hydrogen (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER), simultaneously. Therefore, PEC tandem cells have been developed and gained tremendous interest in recent decades. This review describes the current status of the development of tandem cells for unbiased photoelectrochemical water splitting. The basic principles and prerequisites for constructing PEC tandem cells are introduced first. We then review various single photoelectrodes for use in water reduction or oxidation, and highlight the current state-of-the-art discoveries. Second, a close look into recent developments of PEC tandem cells in water splitting is provided. Finally, a perspective on the key challenges and prospects for the development of tandem cells for unbiased PEC water splitting are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shujie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zichen Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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19
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Zhang B, Ruan M, Wang C, Guo Z, Liu Z. Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of α-Fe2O3 photoanode modified with NiCo layered double hydroxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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20
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Kendall O, Melendez LV, Ren J, Ratnayake SP, Murdoch BJ, Mayes ELH, van Embden J, Gómez DE, Calzolari A, Della Gaspera E. Photoactive p-Type Spinel CuGa 2O 4 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2974-2980. [PMID: 36975136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of spinel copper gallate (CuGa2O4) nanocrystals (NCs) with an average size of 3.7 nm via a heat-up colloidal reaction. CuGa2O4 NCs have a band gap of ∼2.5 eV and marked p-type character, in agreement with ab initio simulations. These novel NCs are demonstrated to be photoactive, generating a clear and reproducible photocurrent under blue light irradiation when deposited as thin films. Crucially, the ability to adjust the Cu/Ga ratio within the NCs, and the effect of this on the optical and electronic properties of the NCs, was also demonstrated. These results position CuGa2O4 NCs as a novel material for optoelectronic applications, including hole transport and light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Kendall
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Lesly V Melendez
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiawen Ren
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin L H Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel van Embden
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel E Gómez
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
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21
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Li Y, Li Z, Xu C, Yu S, Sun Z. Facile preparation of nickel phosphide for enhancing the photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of BiVO 4 photoanodes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8374-8382. [PMID: 36926016 PMCID: PMC10012418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance of BiVO4 (BVO), a promising photoanode material, is constrained by its extremely short hole diffusion length and slow water oxidation kinetics. Modification of oxygen evolution cocatalysts (OECs) by appropriate methods is a practical solution to enhance the PEC water splitting performance of BVO. In this work, two different nickel phosphides Ni2P and Ni12P5 were prepared by a facile and mild one-step solvothermal method, and used as OECs to modify a BVO photoanode for enhancing the PEC water splitting performance. The BVO/Ni2P and BVO/Ni12P5 photoanodes showed impressive photocurrent densities of 3.3 mA cm-2 and 3.1 mA cm-2, respectively. In addition, the PEC water splitting stability of the BVO/Ni2P photoanode was greatly enhanced compared to that of the bare BVO photoanode. Further characterization and photoelectrochemical analysis revealed that the significant improvement of the BVO photoanode performance was attributed to the effective inhibition of surface charge recombination, facilitation of interfacial charge transfer, and acceleration of water oxidation kinetics after Ni2P and Ni12P5 modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- China Academy of Science & Technology Development GuangXi Branch Nanning 530001 China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Automation, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Microwave Communication and Micro-Nano Photoelectric Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Chengwen Xu
- School of Automation, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Microwave Communication and Micro-Nano Photoelectric Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Shuangwei Yu
- School of Automation, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Microwave Communication and Micro-Nano Photoelectric Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zijun Sun
- School of Automation, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Microwave Communication and Micro-Nano Photoelectric Technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
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22
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Sun X, Wang M, Li H, Meng L, Lv X, Li L, Li M. Pristine GaFeO 3 Photoanodes with Surface Charge Transfer Efficiency of Almost Unity at 1.23 V for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205907. [PMID: 36658721 PMCID: PMC10015867 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxide-based photoelectrodes commonly generate deep trap states associated with various intrinsic defects such as vacancies, antisites, and dislocations, limiting their photoelectrochemical properties. Herein, it is reported that rhombohedral GaFeO3 (GFO) thin-film photoanodes exhibit defect-inactive features, which manifest themselves by negligible trap-states-associated charge recombination losses during photoelectrochemical water splitting. Unlike conventional defect-tolerant semiconductors, the origin of the defect-inactivity in GFO is the strongly preferred antisite formation, suppressing the generation of other defects that act as deep traps. In addition, defect-inactive GFO films possess really appropriate oxygen vacancy concentration for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a result, the as-prepared GFO films achieve the surface charge transfer efficiency (ηsurface ) of 95.1% for photoelectrochemical water splitting at 1.23 V versus RHE without any further modification, which is the highest ηsurface reported of any pristine inorganic photoanodes. The onset potential toward the OER remarkably coincides with the flat band potential of 0.43 V versus RHE. This work not only demonstrates a new benchmark for the surface charge transfer yields of pristine metal oxides for solar water splitting but also enriches the arguments for defect tolerance and highlights the importance of rational tuning of oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China
| | - Hai‐Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China
| | - Linxing Meng
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Xiao‐Jun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin FilmsCenter for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics (CECMP)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Meicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China
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23
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Chen R, Zhang D, Wang Z, Li D, Zhang L, Wang X, Fan F, Li C. Linking the Photoinduced Surface Potential Difference to Interfacial Charge Transfer in Photoelectrocatalytic Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4667-4674. [PMID: 36795953 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer at the semiconductor/solution interface is fundamental to photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. Although insights into charge transfer in the electrocatalytic process can be gained from the phenomenological Butler-Volmer theory, there is limited understanding of interfacial charge transfer in the photoelectrocatalytic process, which involves intricate effects of light, bias, and catalysis. Here, using operando surface potential measurements, we decouple the charge transfer and surface reaction processes and find that the surface reaction enhances the photovoltage via a reaction-related photoinduced charge transfer regime as demonstrated on a SrTiO3 photoanode. We show that the reaction-related charge transfer induces a change in the surface potential that is linearly correlated to the interfacial charge transfer rate of water oxidation. The linear behavior is independent of the applied bias and light intensity and reveals a general rule for interfacial transfer of photogenerated minority carriers. We anticipate the linear rule to be a phenomenological theory for describing interfacial charge transfer in photoelectrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Deyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Volokh M, Shalom M. Polymeric carbon nitride as a platform for photoelectrochemical water-splitting cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1521:5-13. [PMID: 36719040 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (CN) materials are promising low-cost photocatalysts that exhibit a combination of chemical and physical properties suitable for converting light into redox activity on their surface. In this perspective, we describe our experience with this family of materials as light absorbers that serve as an anode in photoelectrochemical cells toward water-splitting. We describe some of the CN deposition techniques and procedures established in our lab. The knowledge gained from powder-based photocatalysis is implemented in photoelectrochemical scenarios and is used to determine the merits and shortcomings of resulting layers. We show how the preparation methods are oriented based on these factors and how high photoelectrochemical water-splitting activity develops in photoanodes we developed where CN(s) act as photoabsorbers. Lastly, we present our view on the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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25
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Einert M, Waheed A, Moritz DC, Lauterbach S, Kundmann A, Daemi S, Schlaad H, Osterloh FE, Hofmann JP. Mesoporous CuFe 2 O 4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Oxidation: Impact of Surface Morphology on the Photoelectrochemical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300277. [PMID: 36823437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide-based photoelectrodes for solar water splitting often utilize nanostructures to increase the solid-liquid interface area. This reduces charge transport distances and increases the photocurrent for materials with short minority charge carrier diffusion lengths. While the merits of nanostructuring are well established, the effect of surface order on the photocurrent and carrier recombination has not yet received much attention in the literature. To evaluate the impact of pore ordering on the photoelectrochemical properties, mesoporous CuFe2 O4 (CFO) thin film photoanodes were prepared by dip-coating and soft-templating. Here, the pore order and geometry can be controlled by addition of copolymer surfactants poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic® F-127), polyisobutylene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PIB-PEO) and poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Kraton liquid™-PEO, KLE). The non-ordered CFO showed the highest photocurrent density of 0.2 mA/cm2 at 1.3 V vs. RHE for sulfite oxidation, but the least photocurrent density for water oxidation. Conversely, the ordered CFO presented the best photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. These differences can be understood on the basis of the high surface area, which promotes hole transfer to sulfite (a fast hole acceptor), but retards oxidation of water (a slow hole acceptor) due to electron-hole recombination at the defective surface. This interpretation is confirmed by intensity-modulated photocurrent (IMPS) and vibrating Kelvin probe surface photovoltage spectroscopy (VKP-SPS). The lowest surface recombination rate was observed for the ordered KLE-based mesoporous CFO, which retains spherical pore shapes at the surface resulting in fewer surface defects. Overall, this work shows that the photoelectrochemical energy conversion efficiency of copper ferrite thin films is not just controlled by the surface area, but also by surface order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Einert
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arslan Waheed
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dominik C Moritz
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Lauterbach
- Institute for Applied Geosciences, Geomaterial Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Kundmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sahar Daemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank E Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Surface Science Laboratory, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Bernd-Strasse 3, 63287, Darmstadt, Germany
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26
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Wen X, Zhou G, Liu J. Cobalt Pyrophosphate Nanosheets Effectively Boost Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Efficiency of BiVO4 Photoanodes. Catal Letters 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-023-04293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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27
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He G, Lu L, Zhang N, Liu W, Chen Z, Li Z, Zou Z. Narrowing the band gap and suppressing electron-hole recombination in β-Fe 2O 3 by chlorine doping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3695-3701. [PMID: 36651804 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of halogen (F, Cl, Br, I, and At) doping in the direct-band-gap β-Fe2O3 semiconductor on its band structures and electron-hole recombination have been investigated by density functional theory. Doping Br, I, and At in β-Fe2O3 leads to transformation from a direct-band-gap semiconductor to an indirect-band-gap semiconductor because their atomic radii are too large; however, F- and Cl-doped β-Fe2O3 remain as direct-band-gap semiconductors. Due to the deep impurity states of the F dopant, this study focuses on the effects of the Cl dopant on the band structures of β-Fe2O3. Two impurity levels are introduced when Cl is doped into β-Fe2O3, which narrows the band gap by approximately 0.3 eV. After doping Cl, the light-absorption edge of β-Fe2O3 redshifts from 650 to 776 nm, indicating that its theoretical solar to hydrogen efficiency for solar water splitting increases from 20.6% to 31.4%. In addition, the effective mass of the holes in halogen-doped β-Fe2O3 becomes significantly larger than that in undoped β-Fe2O3, which may suppress electron-hole recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linguo Lu
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
| | - Ningsi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wangxi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
| | - Zhaosheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Jäker P, Aegerter D, Kyburz T, Städler R, Fonjallaz R, Detlefs B, Koziej D. Flow cell for operando X-ray photon-in-photon-out studies on photo-electrochemical thin film devices. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 2:74. [PMID: 37645301 PMCID: PMC10446061 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14433.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising technology towards an artificial photosynthetic device but many fundamental electronic processes, which govern long-term stability and energetics, are not yet fully understood. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and particularly its high energy resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) mode, emerges as a powerful tool to study photo-excited charge carrier behavior under operating conditions. The established thin film device architecture of PEC cells provides a well-defined measurement geometry, but it puts many constraints on conducting operando XAS experiments. It remains a challenge to establish a standardized thin film exchange procedure and concurrently record high-quality photoelectrochemical and X‑ray absorption spectroscopy data that is unperturbed by bubble formation. Here we address and overcome these instrumental limitations for photoelectrochemical operando HERFD-XAS. Methods: We constructed a novel operando photo-electro-chemical cell by computer numerical control milling, guided by the materials' X‑ray and visible light absorption properties to optimize signal detection. To test the cell's functionality, semiconducting thin film photoelectrodes have been fabricated via solution deposition and their photoelectrochemical responses under simulated solar light were studied using a commercial potentiostat in a three-electrode configuration during HERFD-XAS experiments at a synchrotron. Results: We demonstrate the cell's capabilities to measure and control potentiostatically and in open‑circuit, to detect X‑ray signals unperturbed by bubbles and to fluently exchange different thin film samples by collecting high-resolution Fe K-edge spectra of hematite ( α -Fe 2O 3) and ferrite thin film ( MFe 2O 4, M= Zn, Ni) photoelectrodes during water oxidation. Conclusions: Our cell establishes a measurement routine that will provide experimental access of photo-electro-chemical operando HERFD-XAS experiments to a broader scientific community, particularly due to the ease of sample exchange. We believe to enable a broad range of experiments which acquired fundamental insights will spur further photoelectrochemical research and commercialization of water splitting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jäker
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Switzerland
- Institutes of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22607, Germany
| | - Dino Aegerter
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Till Kyburz
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roman Städler
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Rea Fonjallaz
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Blanka Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, France
| | - Dorota Koziej
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Switzerland
- Institutes of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22607, Germany
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29
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Chertkova VP, Iskortseva AN, Pazhetnov EM, Arkharova NA, Ryazantsev SV, Levin EE, Nikitina VA. Evaluation of the Efficiency of Photoelectrochemical Activity Enhancement for the Nanostructured LaFeO 3 Photocathode by Surface Passivation and Co-Catalyst Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234327. [PMID: 36500950 PMCID: PMC9741200 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-type lanthanum iron oxide, LaFeO3, is a promising photocathode material that can achieve water splitting under visible light. However, the performance of this photoelectrode material is limited by significant electron-hole recombination. In this work, we explore different strategies to optimize the activity of a nanostructured porous LaFeO3 film, which demonstrates enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity due to the reduced diffusion length of the charge carriers. We found that surface passivation is not an efficient approach for enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of LaFeO3, as it is sufficiently stable under photoelectrocatalytic conditions. Instead, the deposition of a Pt co-catalyst was shown to be essential for maximizing the photoelectrochemical activity both in hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. Illumination-induced band edge unpinning was found to be a major challenge for the further development of LaFeO3 photocathodes for water-splitting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra N. Iskortseva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Egor M. Pazhetnov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | | | - Sergey V. Ryazantsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Eduard E. Levin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Nikitina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
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30
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Liu J, Luo Z, Mao X, Dong Y, Peng L, Sun-Waterhouse D, Kennedy JV, Waterhouse GIN. Recent Advances in Self-Supported Semiconductor Heterojunction Nanoarrays as Efficient Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204553. [PMID: 36135974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth of semiconductor heterojunction nanoarrays directly on conductive substrates represents a promising strategy toward high-performance photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. By controlling the growth conditions, heterojunction nanoarrays with different morphologies and semiconductor components can be fabricated, resulting in greatly enhanced light-absorption properties, stabilities, and PEC activities. Herein, recent progress in the development of self-supported heterostructured semiconductor nanoarrays as efficient photoanode catalysts for water oxidation is reviewed. Synthetic methods for the fabrication of heterojunction nanoarrays with specific compositions and structures are first discussed, including templating methods, wet chemical syntheses, electrochemical approaches and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. Then, various heterojunction nanoarrays that have been reported in recent years based on particular core semiconductor scaffolds (e.g., TiO2 , ZnO, WO3 , Fe2 O3 , etc.) are summarized, placing strong emphasis on the synergies generated at the interface between the semiconductor components that can favorably boost PEC water oxidation. Whilst strong progress has been made in recent years to enhance the visible-light responsiveness, photon-to-O2 conversion efficiency and stability of photoanodes based on heterojunction nanoarrays, further advancements in all these areas are needed for PEC water splitting to gain any traction alongside photovoltaic-electrochemical (PV-EC) systems as a viable and cost-effective route toward the hydrogen economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ziyu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xichen Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Dong
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lishan Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - John V Kennedy
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey I N Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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31
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Sun Q, Ren K, Qi L. Boosting the Performance of BiVO 4 Photoanodes by the Simultaneous Introduction of Oxygen Vacancies and Cocatalyst via Photoelectrodeposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37833-37842. [PMID: 35957577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising way to convert solar energy into hydrogen energy, but the efficiency is limited by severe charge recombination especially in photoanodes. Herein, to reduce the charge recombination in the bulk phase and at the surface of the BiVO4 photoanodes, oxygen vacancy introduction and cocatalyst loading were realized simultaneously by one-step photocathode deposition. A unique re-BiVO4/FeOOH photoanode was obtained by the photocathodic reduction of BiVO4 in an electrolyte containing Fe3+, where the oxygen vacancies were introduced during the reduction process and the deposition of the FeOOH cocatalyst on the surface was induced by the generated OH-. When used for PEC water oxidation, the obtained re-BiVO4/FeOOH photoanode achieved an excellent PEC performance with a photocurrent density of 5.35 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus RHE under AM 1.5G illumination, which was considerably higher than those for the pristine BiVO4 photoanode (2.88 mA/cm2) and the re-BiVO4 photoanode obtained by photocathodic reduction without Fe3+ (4.32 mA/cm2). After further modification with a cobalt silicate (Co-Sil) cocatalyst, the resultant re-BiVO4/FeOOH/Co-Sil photoanode exhibited a photocurrent density as high as 6.10 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus RHE and a remarkable applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.25%. The outstanding performance of the re-BiVO4/FeOOH/Co-Sil photoanode could be attributed to the coexistence of plenty of oxygen vacancies in BiVO4 reducing recombination of photogenerated carriers, the FeOOH cocatalyst interlayer as a hole-transport layer, and the outer Co-Sil cocatalyst with a high activity toward oxygen evolution. This work may open a new avenue toward multifunctional modifications of photoanode systems for efficient solar conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kexin Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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32
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Fan X, Wang Z, Lin T, Du D, Xiao M, Chen P, Monny SA, Huang H, Lyu M, Lu M, Wang L. Coordination Chemistry Engineered Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanode with Ultralow Onset Potential for Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204407. [PMID: 35650689 PMCID: PMC9401030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Construction of an intimate film/substrate interface is of great importance for a photoelectrode to achieve efficient photoelectrochemical performance. Inspired by coordination chemistry, a polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) film is intimately grown on a Ti‐coated substrate by an in situ thermal condensation process. The as‐prepared PCN photoanode exhibits a record low onset potential (Eonset) of −0.38 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a decent photocurrent density of 242 μA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE for water splitting. Detailed characterization confirms that the origin of the ultralow onset potential is mainly attributed to the substantially reduced interfacial resistance between the Ti‐coated substrate and the PCN film benefitting from the constructed interfacial sp2 N→Ti coordination bonds. For the first time, the ultralow onset potential enables the PCN photoanode to drive water splitting without external bias with a stable photocurrent density of ≈9 μA cm−2 up to 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Fan
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Tongen Lin
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Du Du
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Mu Xiao
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Peng Chen
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Sabiha Akter Monny
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Hengming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Miaoqiang Lyu
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Mingyuan Lu
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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33
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Sreedhar A, Ta QTH, Noh JS. Advancements in the photocatalytic activity of various bismuth-based semiconductor/Ti3C2 MXene interfaces for sustainable environmental management: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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34
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Approaches for Modifying Oxide-Semiconductor Materials to Increase the Efficiency of Photocatalytic Water Splitting. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144915. [PMID: 35888381 PMCID: PMC9324759 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The constant increase in the amount of energy consumed and environmental problems associated with the use of fossil fuels determine the relevance of the search for alternative and renewable energy sources. One of these is hydrogen gas, which can be produced by sunlight-driven photocatalytic water splitting. The decisive role in the efficiency of the process is played by the properties of the photocatalyst. Oxide materials are widely used as photocatalysts due to their appropriate band structure, high-enough photochemical stability and corrosion resistance. However, the bandgap, crystallinity and the surface morphology of oxide materials are subject to improvement. Apart from the properties of the photocatalyst, the parameters of the process influence the hydrogen-production efficiency. This paper outlines the key ways to improve the characteristics of oxide-semiconductor photocatalysts with the optimum parameters of photocatalytic water splitting.
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Wang L, Lian W, Liu B, Lv H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wang T, Gong J, Chen T, Xu H. A Transparent, High-Performance, and Stable Sb 2 S 3 Photoanode Enabled by Heterojunction Engineering with Conjugated Polycarbazole Frameworks for Unbiased Photoelectrochemical Overall Water Splitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200723. [PMID: 35580906 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing low-cost, high-performance, and durable photoanodes is essential in solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) energy conversion. Sb2 S3 is a low-bandgap (≈1.7 eV) n-type semiconductor with a maximum theoretical solar conversion efficiency of ≈28% for PEC water splitting. However, bulk Sb2 S3 exhibits opaque characteristics and suffers from severe photocorrosion, and thus the use of Sb2 S3 as a photoanode material remains underexploited. This study describes the design and fabrication of a transparent Sb2 S3 -based photoanode by conformably depositing a thin layer of conjugated polycarbazole frameworks (CPF-TCzB) onto the Sb2 S3 film. This structural design creates a type-II heterojunction between the CPF-TCzB and the Sb2 S3 with a suitable band-edge energy offset, thereby, greatly enhancing the charge separation efficiency. The CPF-TCzB/Sb2 S3 hybrid photoanode exhibits a remarkable photocurrent density of 10.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, the thin CPF-TCzB overlayer effectively inhibits photocorrosion of the Sb2 S3 and enables long-term operation for at least 100 h with ≈10% loss in photocurrent density. Furthermore, a standalone unbiased PEC tandem device comprising a CPF-TCzB/Sb2 S3 photoanode and a back-illuminated Si photocathode can achieve a record solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 5.21%, representing the most efficient PEC water splitting device of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Weitao Lian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Kunzelmann VF, Jiang CM, Ihrke I, Sirotti E, Rieth T, Henning A, Eichhorn J, Sharp ID. Solution-based synthesis of wafer-scale epitaxial BiVO 4 thin films exhibiting high structural and optoelectronic quality. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2022; 10:12026-12034. [PMID: 35757488 PMCID: PMC9172877 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta10732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile approach to solution-based synthesis of wafer-scale epitaxial bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) thin films by spin-coating on yttria-stabilized zirconia. Epitaxial growth proceeds via solid-state transformation of initially formed polycrystalline films, driven by interface energy minimization. The (010)-oriented BiVO4 films are smooth and compact, possessing remarkably high structural quality across complete 2'' wafers. Optical absorption is characterized by a sharp onset with a low sub-band gap response, confirming that the structural order of the films results in correspondingly high optoelectronic quality. This combination of structural and optoelectronic quality enables measurements that reveal a strong optical anisotropy of BiVO4, which leads to significantly increased in-plane optical constants near the fundamental band edge that are of particular importance for maximizing light harvesting in semiconductor photoanodes. Temperature-dependent transport measurements confirm a thermally activated hopping barrier of ∼570 meV, consistent with small electron polaron conduction. This simple approach for synthesis of high-quality epitaxial BiVO4, without the need for complex deposition equipment, enables a broadly accessible materials base to accelerate research aimed at understanding and optimizing photoelectrochemical energy conversion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria F Kunzelmann
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Chang-Ming Jiang
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Irina Ihrke
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Elise Sirotti
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Tim Rieth
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Alex Henning
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johanna Eichhorn
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ian D Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
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37
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Coordination Chemistry Engineered Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanode with Ultralow Onset Potential for Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Lai CC, Chen JW, Chang JC, Kuo CY, Liu YC, Yang JC, Hsieh YT, Tseng SW, Pu YC. Two-Step Process of a Crystal Facet-Modulated BiVO 4 Photoanode for Efficiency Improvement in Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24919-24928. [PMID: 35574762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photoactivity of nanoporous bismuth vanadate (BiVO4, BVO) photoanodes that were fabricated by a two-step process (electrodeposition and then thermal conversion) in photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen (H2) evolution can be enhanced about 1.44-fold by improving the constitutive ratio of (111̅), (061), and (242̅) crystal facets. The PEC characterization was carried out to investigate the factors altering the performance, which revealed that the crystal facet modulation could improve the photoactivity of the BVO photoanodes. In addition, the orientation-controlled BVO thin-film electrodes are introduced as evidence that the present crystal facet modulation is the positive effect for BVO photoanodes in PEC. The investigation of energy band structures and interfacial charge carrier dynamics of the BVO photoanodes reveals that the crystal facet modulation could result in a shorter lifetime of charge carrier recombination and larger band bending at the interface between BVO and electrolytes. This outcome could improve the charge separation and charge transfer efficiencies of BVO photoanodes, promoting the efficiency of PEC H2 evolution. Moreover, this crystal facet modulation can combine with co-catalyst decoration to further improve the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of BVO photoanodes in PEC. This study presents a potential strategy to promote the PEC activity by crystal facet modulation and important insights into the interfacial charge transfer properties of semiconductor photoelectrodes for the application in solar fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Lai
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Wen Chen
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Kuo
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Chi Yang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei City 11102, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Tseng
- Core Facility Center of National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Pu
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan
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Jian J, Wang S, Ye Q, Li F, Su G, Liu W, Qu C, Liu F, Li C, Jia L, Novikov AA, Vinokurov VA, Harvey DHS, Shchukin D, Friedrich D, van de Krol R, Wang H. Activating a Semiconductor-Liquid Junction via Laser-Derived Dual Interfacial Layers for Boosted Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201140. [PMID: 35244311 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The semiconductor-liquid junction (SCLJ), the dominant place in photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis, determines the interfacial activity and stability of photoelectrodes, whcih directly affects the viability of PEC hydrogen generation. Though efforts dedicated in past decades, a challenge remains regarding creating a synchronously active and stable SCLJ, owing to the technical hurdles of simultaneously overlaying the two advantages. The present work demonstrates that creating an SCLJ with a unique configuration of the dual interfacial layers can yield BiVO4 photoanodes with synchronously boosted photoelectrochemical activity and operational stability, with values located at the top in the records of such photoelectrodes. The bespoke dual interfacial layers, accessed via grafting laser-generated carbon dots with phenolic hydroxyl groups (LGCDs-PHGs), are experimentally verified effective, not only in generating the uniform layer of LGCDs with covalent anchoring for inhibited photocorrosion, but also in activating, respectively, the charge separation and transfer in each layer for boosted charge-carrier kinetics, resulting in FeNiOOH-LGCDs-PHGs-MBVO photoanodes with a dual configuration with the photocurrent density of 6.08 mA cm-2 @ 1.23 VRHE , and operational stability up to 120 h @ 1.23 VRHE . Further work exploring LGCDs-PHGs from catecholic molecules warrants the proposed strategy as being a universal alternative for addressing the interfacial charge-carrier kinetics and operational stability of semiconductor photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, P. R. China
| | - Guirong Su
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Andrei A Novikov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Gubkin University, 65/1 Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vinokurov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Gubkin University, 65/1 Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Daniel H S Harvey
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Dennis Friedrich
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Analytical and Testing Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, P. R. China
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Saxena S, Verma A, Asha K, Biswas NK, Srivastav A, Satsangi VR, Shrivastav R, Dass S. BiVO 4/Fe 2O 3/ZnFe 2O 4; triple heterojunction for an enhanced PEC performance for hydrogen generation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12552-12563. [PMID: 35496341 PMCID: PMC9041422 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00900e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
n/n/n triple heterojunction photoanodes made up of Zr:W-BiVO4, Fe2O3, and ZnFe2O4 metal oxides are fabricated through a simplistic spray pyrolysis method. Use of Zr and W as dopants in BiVO4 plays an important role as Zr increases the carrier density and W reduces the charge recombination. Further, Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4 serve as a protective layer for Zr:W-BiVO4, which augmented the photoelectrochemical performance and achieved a 1.90% conversion efficiency in the triple heterojunction. XRD measurements display the crystalline nature and reduction in particle size due to strain in the sample, UV-vis absorbance shows an extended absorption towards the visible region and the FE-SEM imaging confirms the successful deposition of ZnFe2O4 over BiVO4/Fe2O3. By analyzing the band edge position, it was observed that on formation, the triple heterojunction not only suppresses the charge carrier recombination but also utilizes the band edge offset for the water splitting reaction using solar energy. n/n/n triple heterojunction photoanodes made up of Zr:W-BiVO4, Fe2O3, and ZnFe2O4 metal oxides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
| | - Anuradha Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
| | - Kumari Asha
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
| | - Anupam Srivastav
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
| | - Vibha Rani Satsangi
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
| | - Rohit Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
| | - Sahab Dass
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh Agra 282005 India
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Song Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhai P, Li Z, Jin D, Cao J, Wang C, Zhang B, Gao J, Sun L, Hou J. Engineering MoO x /MXene Hole Transfer Layers for Unexpected Boosting of Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200946. [PMID: 35142021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of semiconductor photoanodes is of great practical interest for the realization of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, MXene quantum dots (MQD) were grafted on a BiVO4 substrate, then a MoOx layer by combining an ultrathin oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) was constructed as an integrated photoanode. The OEC/MoOx /MQD/BiVO4 array not only achieves a current density of 5.85 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), but also enhances photostability. From electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculations, high PEC performance is ascribed to the incorporation of MoOx /MQD as hole transfer layers, retarding charge recombination, promoting hole transfer and accelerating water splitting kinetics. This proof-of-principle work not only demonstrates the potential utilization of hole transfer layers, but also sheds light on rational design and fabrication of integrated photoanodes for feasible solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yanxue Zhang
- Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Panlong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Dingfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Licheng Sun
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China.,School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jungang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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42
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Photoelectrocatalysis for high-value-added chemicals production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Hou J, Song Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhai P, Li Z, Jin D, Cao J, Wang C, Zhang B, Gao J, Sun L. Engineering MoOx/MXene Hole Transfer Layers for Unexpected Boosting Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Hou
- Dalian University of Technology No 2 Longong Road CHINA
| | - Yurou Song
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yanxue Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology Laboratary of Materials Modification by Laser CHINA
| | - Panlong Zhai
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhuwei Li
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Dingfeng Jin
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiaqi Cao
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chen Wang
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Dalian University of Technology Laboratary of Materials Modification by Laser CHINA
| | - Licheng Sun
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology: Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan Department of Chemistry SWEDEN
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44
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Fang Y, Hou Y, Fu X, Wang X. Semiconducting Polymers for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Light Illumination. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4204-4256. [PMID: 35025505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel has stimulated intensive scientific interest, as this technology has the potential to revolutionize fossil fuel-based energy systems in modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) determines the performance of overall water splitting owing to its sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer processing. Polymeric photocatalysts have recently been developed for the OER, and substantial progress has been realized in this emerging research field. In this Review, the focus is on the photocatalytic technologies and materials of polymeric photocatalysts for the OER. Two practical systems, namely, particle suspension systems and film-based photoelectrochemical systems, form two main sections. The concept is reviewed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, and polymeric photocatalysts are discussed based on three key characteristics, namely, light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface oxidation reactions. A satisfactory OER performance by polymeric photocatalysts will eventually offer a platform to achieve overall water splitting and other advanced applications in a cost-effective, sustainable, and renewable manner using solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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45
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Shi J, Rubinstein EA, Li W, Zhang J, Yang Y, Lee T, Qin C, Yan P, MacManus‐Driscoll JL, Scanlon DO, Zhang KH. Modulation of the Bi 3+ 6s 2 Lone Pair State in Perovskites for High-Mobility p-Type Oxide Semiconductors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104141. [PMID: 34997681 PMCID: PMC8867164 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxide semiconductors are key materials in many technologies from flat-panel displays,solar cells to transparent electronics. However, many potential applications are hindered by the lack of high mobility p-type oxide semiconductors due to the localized O-2p derived valence band (VB) structure. In this work, the VB structure modulation is reported for perovskite Ba2 BiMO6 (M = Bi, Nb, Ta) via the Bi 6s2 lone pair state to achieve p-type oxide semiconductors with high hole mobility up to 21 cm2 V-1 s-1 , and optical bandgaps widely varying from 1.5 to 3.2 eV. Pulsed laser deposition is used to grow high quality epitaxial thin films. Synergistic combination of hard x-ray photoemission, x-ray absorption spectroscopies, and density functional theory calculations are used to gain insight into the electronic structure of Ba2 BiMO6 . The high mobility is attributed to the highly dispersive VB edges contributed from the strong coupling of Bi 6s with O 2p at the top of VB that lead to low hole effective masses (0.4-0.7 me ). Large variation in bandgaps results from the change in the energy positions of unoccupied Bi 6s orbital or Nb/Ta d orbitals that form the bottom of conduction band. P-N junction diode constructed with p-type Ba2 BiTaO6 and n-type Nb doped SrTiO3 exhibits high rectifying ratio of 1.3 × 104 at ±3 V, showing great potential in fabricating high-quality devices. This work provides deep insight into the electronic structure of Bi3+ based perovskites and guides the development of new p-type oxide semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Ethan A. Rubinstein
- Department of Chemistry and Thomas Young CentreUniversity College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Weiwei Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and PhysicsCollege of ScienceNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing211106China
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Tien‐Lin Lee
- Diamond Light Source Ltd.Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Changdong Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of SolidsFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of SolidsFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Judith L. MacManus‐Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB3 0FSUK
| | - David O. Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry and Thomas Young CentreUniversity College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Kelvin H.L. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
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Loiudice A, Niau BP, Buonsanti R. Crystal-Phase Control of Ternary Metal Oxides by Solid-State Synthesis with Nanocrystals. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:233-238. [PMID: 37101825 PMCID: PMC10114672 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ternary metal oxides are materials of interest for many applications, from batteries to catalysis. Their crystalline structure and composition determine their properties, and thus it is important to achieve control over these features. Here, we demonstrate that solid-state chemistry among nanocrystalline precursors is a promising approach for their synthesis. We show that the crystalline phase of nanocrystal precursors direct that of the ternary reaction product. The combination of X-ray and electron microscopy techniques reveals that the spinel and rhombohedral phases of copper iron oxide are obtained by reacting copper nanocrystals with spinel γ-Fe2O3 and corundum α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals, respectively. Considering the available library of nanocrystals with tunable crystal phases, this discovery opens up an alternative pathway toward the synthesis of a wide variety of ternary and quaternary materials, including those with metastable phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Loiudice
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Bastien P.G. Niau
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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Chen Z, Chen W, Zheng L, Huang T, Hu J, Lei Y, Yuan Q, Ren X, Li Y, Zhang L, Huang S, Ye S, Zhang Q, Ouyang X, Sun X, Liu J. Rational design of Ru species on N-doped graphene promoting water dissociation for boosting hydrogen evolution reaction. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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48
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Dagar P, Kumar S, Ganguli AK. Effect of Mn 2+ incorporation on the photoelectrochemical properties of BiVO 4. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mn2+–BiVO4 photoanodes (Mn2+ = 0.2–1%) to improve the charge-carrier separation and electrical conductivity of BiVO4 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Dagar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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49
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Wang Y, Li X, Yang Y. Seed layer-free hydrothermal synthesis of porous tungsten trioxide nanoflake arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26099-26105. [PMID: 36275104 PMCID: PMC9475338 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The simple preparation of efficient nano-photoanodes has been a key issue in the development of photoelectrochemical water splitting. In this work, a convenient and seed layer-free hydrothermal approach has been developed to synthesize vertically aligned porous WO3 nanoflakes on a fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass substrate. The morphology of WO3 nanoflakes could be manipulated by changing the annealing time, which further affected the performance of WO3 nanoflakes as photoanodes. Under optimum conditions, the obtained photoanode can lead to a high photocurrent density of 2.34 mA cm−2 at 1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl under one sun irradiation (100 mW cm−2) and an incident photon to current conversion efficiency of 60% at 300 nm. The excellent photoelectrochemical performance can be mainly attributed to the larger active surface area, single crystal structure with an optimum thickness and the exposed highly active facets. SEM image of the WO3 nanoflakes after 2 hours annealing (inset). Current density vs. potential curves of the photoelectrodes prepared in a Na2SO4 solution were scanned from −0.2 V to +1.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl @ 25 °C) using linear sweep voltammetry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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50
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Li M, Wu J, Shen G. Bifunctional PDDA-stabilized β-Fe 2O 3 nanoclusters for improved photoelectrocatalytic and magnetic field enhanced photocatalytic applications. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional β-Fe2O3@PDDA nanoclusters applied for the efficient photoelectrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction and magnetic field enhanced photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, P. R. China
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