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Elmekawy A, Quach Q, Abdel-Fattah TM. Synthesis of a novel multifunctional organic-inorganic nanocomposite for metal ions and organic dye removals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12845. [PMID: 37553434 PMCID: PMC10409728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used solvent assisted mechano-synthesis strategies to form multifunctional organic-inorganic nanocomposites capable of removing both organic and inorganic contaminants. A zeolite X (Ze) and activated carbon (AC) composite was synthesized via state-of-the-art mechanical mixing in the presence of few drops of water to form Ze/AC. The second composite (Ze/L/AC) was synthesized in a similar fashion, however this composite had the addition of disodium terephthalate as a linker. Both materials, Ze/AC and Ze/L/AC, were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Powdered X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry System (ASAP), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The SEM-EDS displayed the surface structure and composition of each material. The sodium, oxygen and carbon contents increased after linker connected Ze and AC. The P-XRD confirmed the crystallinity of each material as well as the composites, while FTIR indicated the function groups (C=C, O-H) in Ze/L/AC. The contaminant adsorption experiments investigated the effects of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and Co(II) for each material. In MB adsorption, the first-order reaction rate of Ze/L/AC (0.02 h-1) was double that of Ze/AC (0.01 h-1). The reaction rate of Ze/L/AC (4.8 h-1) was also extraordinarily higher than that of Ze/AC (0.6 h-1) in the adsorption of Co(II). Ze/L/AC composite achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 44.8 mg/g for MB and 66.6 mg/g for Co(II) ions. The MB adsorption of Ze/AC and Ze/L/AC was best fit in Freundlich model with R2 of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively, which indicated the multilayer adsorption. In the Co(II) adsorption, the data was highly fit in Langmuir model with R2 of 0.94 and 0.92 which indicated the monolayer adsorption. These results indicated both materials exhibited chemisorption. The activation energy of Ze/L/AC in MB adsorption (34.9 kJ mol-1) was higher than that of Ze/L/AC in Co (II) adsorption (26 kJ mol-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elmekawy
- Applied Research Center at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry at Christopher, Newport University, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
- Department of Physics, Tanta University, Tanta, Al Gharbiyah, Egypt
| | - Qui Quach
- Applied Research Center at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry at Christopher, Newport University, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - Tarek M Abdel-Fattah
- Applied Research Center at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry at Christopher, Newport University, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA.
- Faculty of Sciences, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, 21321, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Boer DG, Asgar Pour Z, Langerak J, Bakker B, Pescarmona PP. Binderless Faujasite Beads with Hierarchical Porosity for Selective CO 2 Adsorption for Biogas Upgrading. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052198. [PMID: 36903441 PMCID: PMC10004648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomethane can be isolated from biogas through selective CO2 adsorption. Faujasite-type zeolites are promising adsorbents for CO2 separation due to their high CO2 adsorption capacity. While commonly inert binder materials are used to shape zeolite powders into the desired macroscopic format for application in an adsorption column, here we report the synthesis of Faujasite beads without the use of a binder and their application as CO2-adsorbents. Three types of binderless Faujasite beads (d = 0.4-0.8 mm) were synthesized using an anion-exchange resin hard template. All the prepared beads consisted mostly of small Faujasite crystals, as demonstrated by characterization with XRD and SEM, which are interconnected through a network of meso- and macropores (10-100 nm), yielding a hierarchically porous structure, as shown by N2 physisorption and SEM. The zeolitic beads showed high CO2 adsorption capacity (up to 4.3 mmol g-1 at 1 bar and 3.7 mmol g-1 at 0.4 bar) and CO2/CH4 selectivity (up to 19 at the partial pressures mimicking biogas, i.e., 0.4 bar CO2 and 0.6 bar CH4). Additionally, the synthesized beads have a stronger interaction with CO2 than the commercial zeolite powder (enthalpy of adsorption -45 kJ mol-1 compared to -37 kJ mol-1). Therefore, they are also suitable for CO2 adsorption from gas streams in which the CO2 concentration is relatively low, such as flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina G. Boer
- Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- DMT Environmental Technology, Yndustrywei 3, 8501 SN Joure, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Asgar Pour
- Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jort Langerak
- DMT Environmental Technology, Yndustrywei 3, 8501 SN Joure, The Netherlands
| | - Benny Bakker
- DMT Environmental Technology, Yndustrywei 3, 8501 SN Joure, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo P. Pescarmona
- Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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3
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Ionothermal Crystallization of SAPO-11 Using Novel Pyridinium Ionic Liquid and Its Catalytic Activity in Esterification of Levulinic Acid into Ethyl Levulinate. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A study using a novel pyridinium ionic liquid, namely 1-propylpyridinium bromide ([PPy]Br), to crystallize SAPO-11 under ionothermal conditions is reported. By carefully following the crystallization process, SAPO-11 can readily be crystallized in the presence of [PPy]Br, which serves as a synthesis solvent and structure-directing agent, at 150 °C after 133 h of heating. The study also focuses on manipulating other synthesis parameters (e.g., crystallization temperature, phosphorous content, silicon amount and [PPy]Br concentration) and investigating their respective effects on the formation of SAPO-11. The crystallized SAPO-11 has an acidic nature and a high surface area. Under conductive instant heating conditions, the SAPO-11 catalyst is very active in the conversion of levulinic acid into ethyl levulinate; 93.4% conversion and 100% selectivity of ethyl levulinate are recorded at 180 °C after 30 min of reaction. This result is comparable to or even better than those of conventional homogeneous catalysts.
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4
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Saab R, Polychronopoulou K, Anjum DH, Charisiou N, Goula MA, Hinder SJ, Baker MA, Schiffer A. Carbon Nanostructure/Zeolite Y Composites as Supports for Monometallic and Bimetallic Hydrocracking Catalysts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3246. [PMID: 36145035 PMCID: PMC9504968 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine the effect of integrating different carbon nanostructures (carbon nanotubes, CNTs, graphene nanoplatelets, GNPs) into Ni- and Ni-W-based bi-functional catalysts for hydrocracking of heptane performed at 400 °C. The effect of varying the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the zeolite Y support (between 5 and 30) on the heptane conversion is also studied. The results show that the activity, in terms of heptane conversion, followed the order CNT/Ni-ZY5 (92%) > GNP/Ni-ZY5 (89%) > CNT/Ni-W-ZY30 (86%) > GNP/Ni-W-ZY30 (85%) > CNT/Ni-ZY30 (84%) > GNP/Ni-ZY30 (83%). Thus, the CNT-based catalysts exhibited slightly higher heptane conversion as compared to the GNP-based ones. Furthermore, bimetallic (Ni-W) catalysts possessed higher BET surface areas (725 m2/g for CNT/Ni-W-ZY30 and 612 m2/g for CNT/Ni-ZY30) and exhibited enhanced hydrocracking activity as compared to the monometallic (Ni) catalyst with the same zeolite support and type of carbon structure. It was also shown that CNT-based catalysts possessed higher regeneration capability than their GNP-based counterparts due to the slightly higher thermal stability of the CVD-grown CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Saab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikolaos Charisiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - Maria A. Goula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Koila, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - Steven J. Hinder
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 4DL, UK
| | - Mark A. Baker
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 4DL, UK
| | - Andreas Schiffer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Mahdi HI, Bazargan A, McKay G, Azelee NIW, Meili L. Catalytic deoxygenation of palm oil and its residue in green diesel production: A current technological review. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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6
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Nugraha RE, Prasetyoko D, Bahruji H, Suprapto S, Asikin-Mijan N, Oetami TP, Jalil AA, Vo DVN, Taufiq-Yap YH. Lewis acid Ni/Al-MCM-41 catalysts for H 2-free deoxygenation of Reutealis trisperma oil to biofuels. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21885-21896. [PMID: 35480811 PMCID: PMC9034156 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of mesoporous Al-MCM-41 for deoxygenation of Reutealis trisperma oil (RTO) was enhanced via modification with NiO nanoparticles. Deoxygenation at atmospheric pressure and under H2 free conditions required acid catalysts to ensure the removal of the oxygenated fragments in triglycerides to form liquid hydrocarbons. NiO at different weight loadings was impregnated onto Al-MCM-41 and the changes of Lewis/Brønsted acidity and mesoporosity of the catalysts were investigated. The activity of Al-MCM-41 was enhanced when impregnated with NiO due to the increase of Lewis acidity originating from NiO nanoparticles and the mesoporosity of Al-MCM-41. Increasing the NiO loading enhanced the Lewis acidity but not Brønsted acidity, leading to a higher conversion towards liquid hydrocarbon yield. Impregnation with 10% of NiO on Al-MCM-41 increased the conversion of RTO to hydrocarbons via the deoxygenation pathway and reduced the products from cracking reaction, consequently enhancing the green diesel (C11–C18) hydrocarbon products. The activity of mesoporous Al-MCM-41 for deoxygenation of Reutealis trisperma oil (RTO) was enhanced via modification with NiO nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Reva Edra Nugraha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur Surabaya East Java 60294 Indonesia
| | - Didik Prasetyoko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Hasliza Bahruji
- Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE 1410 Brunei
| | - Suprapto Suprapto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Nurul Asikin-Mijan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Johor Bahru Johor 81310 Malaysia.,Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Johor Bahru Johor 81310 Malaysia
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 755414 Vietnam.,College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia.,Chancellery Office, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sabah 88400 Malaysia
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Arumugam M, Goh CK, Zainal Z, Triwahyono S, Lee AF, Wilson K, Taufiq-Yap YH. Hierarchical HZSM-5 for Catalytic Cracking of Oleic Acid to Biofuels. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030747. [PMID: 33809677 PMCID: PMC8002341 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Solid acid catalyzed cracking of waste oil-derived fatty acids is an attractive route to hydrocarbon fuels. HZSM-5 is an effective acid catalyst for fatty acid cracking; however, its microporous nature is susceptible to rapid deactivation by coking. We report the synthesis and application of hierarchical HZSM-5 (h-HZSM-5) in which silanization of pre-crystallized zeolite seeds is employed to introduce mesoporosity during the aggregation of growing crystallites. The resulting h-HZSM-5 comprises a disordered array of fused 10–20 nm crystallites and mesopores with a mean diameter of 13 nm, which maintain the high surface area and acidity of a conventional HZSM-5. Mesopores increase the yield of diesel range hydrocarbons obtained from oleic acid deoxygenation from ~20% to 65%, attributed to improved acid site accessibility within the hierarchical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahashanon Arumugam
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (C.K.G.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chee Keong Goh
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (C.K.G.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Ave 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Zulkarnain Zainal
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (C.K.G.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Sugeng Triwahyono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Adam F. Lee
- Centre for Applied Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Karen Wilson
- Centre for Applied Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (Y.H.T.-Y.); Tel.: +61-(03)-9925-2122 (K.W.); +603-7967-6954 (Y.H.T.-Y.)
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.A.); (C.K.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,Kota Kinabalu 88300, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (Y.H.T.-Y.); Tel.: +61-(03)-9925-2122 (K.W.); +603-7967-6954 (Y.H.T.-Y.)
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8
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Kaewmeesri R, Nonkumwong J, Witoon T, Laosiripojana N, Faungnawakij K. Effect of Water and Glycerol in Deoxygenation of Coconut Oil over Bimetallic NiCo/SAPO-11 Nanocatalyst under N 2 Atmosphere. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122548. [PMID: 33352929 PMCID: PMC7767142 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic deoxygenation of coconut oil was performed in a continuous-flow reactor over bimetallic NiCo/silicoaluminophosphate-11 (SAPO-11) nanocatalysts for hydrocarbon fuel production. The conversion and product distribution were investigated over NiCo/SAPO-11 with different applied co-reactants, i.e., water (H2O) or glycerol solution, performed under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. The hydrogen-containing co-reactants were proposed here as in-situ hydrogen sources for the deoxygenation, while the reaction tests under hydrogen (H2) atmosphere were also applied as a reference set of experiments. The results showed that applying co-reactants to the reaction enhanced the oil conversion as the following order: N2 (no co-reactant) < N2 (H2O) < N2 (aqueous glycerol) < H2 (reference). The main products formed under the existence of H2O or glycerol solution were free fatty acids (FFAs) and their corresponding Cn−1 alkanes. The addition of H2O aids the triglyceride breakdown into FFAs, whereas the glycerol acts as hydrogen donor which is favourable to initiate hydrogenolysis of triglycerides, causing higher amount of FFAs than the former case. Consequently, those FFAs can be deoxygenated via decarbonylation/decarboxylation to their corresponding Cn−1 alkanes, showing the promising capability of the NiCo/SAPO-11 to produce hydrocarbon fuels even in the absence of external H2 source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Kaewmeesri
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (R.K.); (N.L.)
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Jeeranan Nonkumwong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Thongthai Witoon
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (R.K.); (N.L.)
| | - Kajornsak Faungnawakij
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
- Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-564-7100 (ext. 6638); Fax: +66-2-564-6981
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Deposition of NiO Nanoparticles on Nanosized Zeolite NaY for Production of Biofuel via Hydrogen-Free Deoxygenation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143104. [PMID: 32664579 PMCID: PMC7412304 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-based catalysts play an important role in the hydrogen-free deoxygenation for the production of biofuel. The yield and quality of the biofuel are critically affected by the physicochemical properties of NiO supported on nanosized zeolite Y (Y65, crystal size of 65 nm). Therefore, 10 wt% NiO supported on Y65 synthesized by using impregnation (IM) and deposition–precipitation (DP) methods were investigated. It was found that preparation methods have a significant effect on the deoxygenation of triolein. The initial rate of the DP method (14.8 goil·h−1) was 1.5 times higher than that of the IM method (9.6 goil·h−1). The DP-Y65 showed the best deoxygenation performance with a 80.0% conversion and a diesel selectivity of 93.7% at 380 °C within 1 h. The outstanding performance from the DP method was due to the smaller NiO particle size (3.57 ± 0.40 nm), high accessibility (H.F value of 0.084), and a higher Brönsted to Lewis acidity (B/L) ratio (0.29), which has improved the accessibility and deoxygenation ability of the catalyst. The NH4+ released from the decomposition of the urea during the DP process increased the B/L ratio of zeolite NaY. As a result, the pretreatment to convert Na-zeolite to H-zeolite in a conventional zeolite synthesis can be avoided. In this regard, the DP method offers a one-pot synthesis to produce smaller NiO-supported nanosized zeolite NaY with a high B/L ratio, and it managed to produce a higher yield with selectivity towards green diesel via deoxygenation under a hydrogen-free condition.
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Abdulridha S, Jiao Y, Xu S, Zhang R, Garforth AA, Fan X. Mesoporous Zeolitic Materials (MZMs) Derived From Zeolite Y Using a Microwave Method for Catalysis. Front Chem 2020; 8:482. [PMID: 32695742 PMCID: PMC7338609 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesostructured zeolitic materials (MZMs) with relatively high acidity in comparison with the mesoporous siliceous MCM-41 were prepared via an efficient, mild, and simple post-synthetic treatment of Y zeolite facilitated by microwave irradiation, i.e., microwave-assisted chelation (MWAC). The disordered mesoporous aluminosilicates materials (DMASs) of MZM were created from Y zeolite in the absence of using mesoscale templates. The prepared DMASs showed the good mesoporous features with the mesopore area and volume of ~260 m2 g-1 and ~0.37 cm3 g-1, respectively, and with the mesopore sizes distributed in a range of 2-10 nm. MZMs possess a total acidity of about 0.6 mmol g-1 and exhibited comparatively superior catalytic activity to the parent Y zeolite and MCM-41 in the vapor phase catalytic dealkylation of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TiPBz) and liquid phase catalytic aldol condensation of benzaldehyde with 1-heptanal. Although the yield loss was inevitable for preparing MZMs using the MWAC method, the preliminary economic analysis of the preparation cost of MZMs showed the promise. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of the state-of-the-art mesoporous materials concerning their sustainable aspects was made, showing that MZMs are promising mesoporous materials for further development and functionalization for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Abdulridha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yilai Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur A. Garforth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Metal Chlorides Grafted on SAPO-5 (MClx/SAPO-5) as Reusable and Superior Catalysts for Acylation of 2-Methylfuran Under Non-Microwave Instant Heating Condition. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active metal chlorides grafted on silicoaluminophosphate number 5, MClx/SAPO-5 (M = Cu, Co, Sn, Fe and Zn) catalysts via simple grafting of respective metal chlorides (MClx) onto SAPO-5 are reported. The study shows that thermochemical treatment after grafting is essential to ensure the formation of chemical bondings between MClx and SAPO-5. In addition, the microscopy, XRD and nitrogen adsorption analyses reveal the homogeneous distribution of MClx species on the SAPO-5 surface. Furthermore, the elemental microanalysis confirms the formation of Si–O–M covalent bonds in ZnClx/SAPO-5, SnClx/SAPO-5 and FeClx/SAPO-5 whereas only dative bondings are formed in CoClx/SAPO-5 and CuClx/SAPO-5. The acidity of MClx/SAPO-5 is also affected by the type of metal chloride grafted. Thus, their catalytic behavior is evaluated in the acid-catalyzed acylation of 2-methylfuran under novel non-microwave instant heating conditions (90–110 °C, 0–20 min). ZnClx/SAPO-5, which has the largest amount of acidity (mainly Lewis acid sites), exhibits the best catalytic performance (94.5% conversion, 100% selective to 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran) among the MClx/SAPO-5 solids. Furthermore, the MClx/SAPO-5 solids, particularly SnClx/SAPO-5, FeClx/SAPO-5 and ZnClx/SAPO-5, also show more superior catalytic performance than common homogeneous acid catalysts (H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH, FeCl3, ZnCl2) with higher reactant conversion and catalyst reusability, thus offering a promising alternative for the replacement of hazardous homogeneous catalysts in Friedel–Crafts reactions.
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Hou Y, Li J, Qing M, Liu CL, Dong WS. Direct synthesis of lower olefins from syngas via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyzed by a dual-bed catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effects of Synthesis Parameters on Crystallization Behavior of K-MER Zeolite and Its Morphological Properties on Catalytic Cyanoethylation Reaction. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MER-type zeolite is an interesting microporous material that has been widely used in catalysis and separation. By carefully controlling the synthesis parameters, a procedure to synthesize K-MER zeolite crystals with various morphologies has been developed. The silica, water and mineralizer content in the synthesis gel, as well as crystallization time and temperature, have a profound impact on the crystallization kinetics, resulting in zeolite solids with various degrees of crystallinity, crystal sizes and shapes. K-MER zeolite crystals with nanorod, bullet-like, prismatic and wheatsheaf-like morphologies have been successfully obtained. The catalytic performances of the K-MER zeolites in cyanoethylation of methanol, under novel non-microwave instant heating, have been investigated. The zeolite in nanosize form shows the best catalytic performance (94.1% conversion, 100% selectivity) while the bullet-like zeolite gives poorest catalytic performance (44.2% conversion, 100% selectivity).
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Hierarchical Cs–Pollucite Nanozeolite Modified with Novel Organosilane as an Excellent Solid Base Catalyst for Claisen–Schmidt Condensation of Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cs–pollucite can be a potential solid base catalyst due to the presence of (Si-O-Al)−Cs+ basic sites. However, it severely suffers from molecular diffusion and pore accessibility problems due to its small micropore opening. Herein, we report the use of new organosilane, viz. dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (TPOAC), as a promising pore-expanding agent to develop the hierarchical structure in nanosized Cs–pollucite. In respect to this, four different amounts of TPOAC were added during the synthesis of hierarchical Cs–pollucite (CP-x, x = 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0, where x is the molar ratio of TPOAC) in order to investigate the effects of TPOAC in the crystallization process of Cs–pollucite. The results show that an addition of TPOAC altered the physico-chemical and morphological properties of hierarchical Cs–pollucite, such as the crystallinity, crystallite size, pore size distribution, surface areas, pore volume, and surface basicity. The prepared solids were also tested in Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, where 82.2% of the conversion and 100% selectivity to chalcone were achieved by the CP-2.0 catalyst using non-microwave instant heating (200 °C, 100 min). The hierarchical CP-2.0 nanocatalyst also showed better catalytic performance than other homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts and displayed a high catalyst reusability with no significant deterioration in the catalytic performance even after five consecutive reaction runs.
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Selective Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Using L-Type Zeolites with Different Morphologies. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the morphology of L-type zeolite (LTL topology) has been modified in order to evaluate the influence of several protonated-form LTL-zeolites with different morphologies on their stability and catalytic performance in the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). Physico-chemical characterization of the LTL-based catalysts has revealed that the three types of morphologies (needle, short rod and cylinder) are active, providing complete glucose conversion and high 5-HMF yield values. The addition of CaCl2 had a positive influence on the catalytic performance. It was found that morphology influences the textural and acid properties of LTL-zeolites, and hence their catalytic performance. The best catalytic results have been obtained with the NEEDLE-LTL, showing nanoparticles with a length of 4.46 μm and a width of 0.63 μm, which attains a 5-HMF yield of 63%, at 175 °C after 90 min of reaction, and a glucose conversion of 88%. The reusability study has revealed a progressive decrease in 5-HMF yield after each catalytic cycle. Different regeneration methods have been essayed without recovering the initial catalytic activity. The presence of organic molecules in micropores has been demonstrated by TG analysis, which are difficult to remove even after a regeneration process at 550 °C.
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